journal of Basic Sciences

The structure of the unconscious or collective unconscious, in particular, represents an important reference in terms of the type of intellectual, literary, and artistic achievement and clarifies its features and characteristics according to the nature of the accumulation of knowledge heritage at its various levels in terms of mythology, religion, cultural heritage, norms, and all certain constants, as well as the variables of social structures being sensory representations of all. As a result, it is feasible to distinguish the type of art creation based on the anthropological elements that play a key role in the features of this creative sector. Perhaps, the unconscious structure contributed to the superficial and deep structures that lie behind the apparent form in Iraqi official movement and sculptural achievement, as manifested by artistic experiences that represent a major phenomenon in the visual verification that groups and stylistic trends have led to, or at the level of individual works in Iraqi city squares and streets and their museum legacy. To enhance the relationship between the Iraqi people's fight for stolen freedom and trust in the holy, and the ideological, which is an intellectual sickness that stimulates creative output via a sort of communal memory repetition about the people's catastrophic worries and history. As a result, this study examines the changes in the unconscious structure as a result of variables such as place, time, and cultural heritage as well as the ramifications on the form of art because the subconscious represents popular collective memory that acts as a direct watchdog over the creative artistic self, leading to the examination of a number of Iraqi artistic models in the fields of painting and sculpture. This leads to the attainment of the fundamental goal implicit in the question of looking for the ramifications of the subconscious structure to produce the desired creative experience.

This intervention attempts to shed light on one of the poets of Andalusia, whose poetry was a picture of the environment in which he lived, This poetry can be studied according to several methodologies, But I chose the objective study because it is comprehensive in addition to the freedom of movement in the spaces granted in the interpretation of phenomena according to contextual approaches from the history of literature, sociology, and issues outside the text that affected the text and its owner, The study will be based on the following topics:
The first axis: On life, upbringing and the circumstances of the age.
The second axis: the objective study.
The third axis: the technical study.
Within each axis, issues, whether substantive or technical, are studied.
The intervention will adopt the descriptive analytical approach and rely on poetic evidence as an applied procedure in clarifying the issues studied.
And we adopt the total poetry of the poet compiled by the Andalusian investigator, Prof. Dr. Hoda Shawkat Behnam, Prof.
Dr. Rabab Saleh Hassan.

Abstract :
The navy received great care from the Carthaginians, and their marine ability aroused the admiration of the ancient peoples. The wide knowledge of marine phenomena allowed the Carthaginians to find for themselves an example in the shipbuilding industry in the western basin of the Mediterranean.
The Carthaginian warships industry became active, and then the Carthaginians developed it according to developments in the field of the navy, where the state worked to build naval units, especially the major ones. Also in the floating of new marine units such as the Quartet, which was manufactured in the fourth century BC.
From this perspective, the Carthaginian navy represented the cornerstone of the strength of Carthage. The naval units, ports, and material and human equipment formed the bases of this maritime institution, which is what we want to address in the folds of this intervention.

Abstract
This study on political systems is a search for the theoretical framework for exercising the political right of citizens within the state represented by the public freedoms of belonging, expression, equality before the law, criticism, accountability and opposition.
The Shura system in Islam encompasses the entirety of life, but the political dimension has the largest share of this term, and when it is launched, it means the political aspect, which means drawing a map of the relationship of political power with the opposition parties, and the constitution has drawn its dimensions, conditions and quality. As for democracy today, it has become a prominent feature of human societies. To organize political affairs, manage state institutions and make them circulate among the people in a peaceful civil manner without resorting to violence and terrorism. A mechanism has been set up for this deliberation, which is elections, and the meaning of elections means the existence of a political opposition that competes with the ruling authority.
The opposition in the Islamic shura system is distinguished from the opposition in the democratic system in that the former has a moral and value dimension and is linked to the depth of the human being, unlike democracy, which is concerned with worldly and material affairs.
This paper dealt with the term opposition under these two systems of government, after it separated the discussion of democracy and shura and the relationship between them, and the position of the opposition in light of both of them.

Abstract
Literary sources are the most important primary sources approved and considered in historical studies and research. Because of the controversial relationship between history and historical literature, we chose this topic entitled: Historical Novel through: The book of Zahr Al-Akam in Proverbs and Wisdoms, As a Choice. The book is specialized in proverbs and is written by Abu Al-Hassan Bin Mas’oud Bin Mohammed Al-marakishy who was known as Al-Yousi (from Yous) which was one of the barbarian tribes that he belongs to (1102 AH/1691 AD).

This study deals with the subject of (Valuable Talismans in the News of the Fatimid State), and the researcher talked about the incantations referred to by the sources of Islamic history, and it seems that it was an attempt by the Fatimid State to find solutions to some obstacles such as maintaining the cleanliness of mosques by preventing birds from entering them, or treating some diseases that It was affected by the Fatimid caliphs or members of the Egyptian community, and some of them were characterized by strangeness and were closer to legend than to historical truth.

Introduction:
The American communicative model is the largest in history until the time of writing this research, and its impact is clear in terms of the amount of American communicative material consumed by the world, as well as the complaints submitted to the United Nations by its members complaining about the dominance of American communicative material in the world. It is necessary to dismantle this model in order to reach and understand its working mechanisms, to capture its impact and treat it, and one of the most important areas that should be considered and researched are children's programs that establish the first development of understanding the world and provide children with a communicative model with specific parameters.
The process of revealing the nature of the model and its manufacture indicates the educational components in their general, specific and detailed lines. Thus, it is possible to reach the educational dimensions of the communicative process if we reveal the components and nature of the model and the methods and methods of its manufacture.
Hence the importance of this research, which aims to define the parameters of the communication model industry and then reveal the educational dimensions in this process in the American media and programs directed to children.
The foundations of the American model depend on the foundations of the communicative process, which in turn constitutes the backbone of building the individual, society, and intermediary groups between them, as well as being the first product of ideas and the maker of symbols. Thus, it is the first founder of the individual personality, if we take into account that the process of the first education of the individual in his family is a communicative process of a special type. The communicative process relies on specific features to attract the audience and make it more deeply interactive. With the transformation of the communicative process into an economic process with its own values, it gradually turned into a self-contained model. The model-making process has developed, considering that the systematic work in communication is based on the manufacture of news and communication materials as models for influence and attraction. Because of the references on which the communicative material industry is based, which is keen to manufacture an appropriate material for it or express it in a highly symbolic and influential way, the communication process turns into a model-making process in each of its joints. In the sense that it turns into a standard industry based on a set of values, and these values are the determinants that regulate the trends and the ultimate goals of the model making process.

Abstract
Applied studies are one of the important recent trends in geographical thought, and modern geography is one of the most applied sciences that uses applied studies in solving geographical problems. Possible and relevant in solving geographical problems
Despite the importance of applied studies in geographical work at all levels, there are only a few sources that dealt with this important topic in writing, and we need more efforts of geographers to write on this subject, and it is necessary to expose the theoretical aspects of the field study, and at the same time give Light on some applied studies.
Hence the importance of research in shedding light on applied geography in terms of concept, importance, research system and its fields. Then the research concluded with conclusions and suggestions.

Abstract
The research aimed to identify the level of depth of knowledge among fourth-grade students in the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences for the two academic studies (morning and evening), as well as to identify the statistical significance of the difference between the average degrees of depth of knowledge among the sample subjects according to the type of study . It also aimed to identify the statistical significance of the average trend towards specialization compared to the hypothetical average as well as according to the type of study and to identify the relationship between the average depth of knowledge and the tendency towards specialization among fourth-grade students. The research sample comprised (165) male and female students from the morning and evening studies. A test was constructed to reveal the depth of knowledge, according to the levels of Norman Webb2009, consisting of (30) items. Its face validity was verified, and the percentage of agreement was (90%) and its reliability coefficient was (0.82). Also, the Attitudes Scale was constructed, which consisted of (30) items of triple alternatives (always, often, sometimes) and its face validity was verified and the percentage of agreement reached (90%) and its reliability coefficient reached (0.85). The data were analyzed by using statistical methods; Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test for one sample and two independent samples. The results showed the students have an average level of depth of knowledge, while there was no statistically significant difference for the level of depth of knowledge according to the variable of the type of study, while there was a statistically significant difference for the level of attitudes towards specialization and in favor of the arithmetic mean, and also no significant difference appeared in the average of students’ attitudes towards their specialization according to the type of specialization .The study revealed a positive relationship between the average depth of knowledge and the tendency towards specialization among students. In light of the research results, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations, including the training courses for students on how to manage scientific knowledge and the importance of taking into account emotional aspects of students. Also, formulating complementary proposals for research.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the effectiveness of virtual classrooms in developing the cognitive behavior of students of the Department of Science, College of Basic Education and their self-concept. By verifying the goal of the research, the researchers put the following null hypotheses:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance of 0.05 in the mean difference of grades of the students of the first experimental group who studied the basic education course on the Edmodo platform (the virtual asynchronous class) and the average difference of degrees of the students of the second experimental group that studied the basic education course on the live broadcast platform. The simultaneous virtual class (electronic) in the pre and post tests of cognitive behavior .
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.05 in the mean differences in the scores of the students of the first experimental group who studied the basic education course on the Edmodo platform (the virtual asynchronous class) and the average differences in the degrees of the students of the second experimental group that studied the basic education course on the live broadcast platform. Synchronous virtual class (electronic) in the self-concept scale. The researchers chose the students of the first stage, Department of Science, University of Mosul, to conduct the research experiment from a sample of (52) students in two experimental groups. The researchers prepared the university scientific research requirements and the daily teaching plans To describe the course of the basic education subject, the researchers put the two research tools, the cognitive abilities test for electronic university students, ready and building a self-concept scale for the students of the College of Basic Education, the Department of Science, and it consisted of (30) paragraphs in two alternatives, agreeing and disagreeing, and the experiment, as the experiment began on 2/2/2021 and ended on 20/3/2021 After conducting the appropriate statistical processes, the researchers reached the superiority of the students of the second experimental group who studied the basic education course on the live broadcast platform in developing cognitive behavior and self-concept for students of the Department of Science, College of Basic Education

Abstract
The seasons vary during the years studied in the study area, and this discrepancy coincides with the weather variables that constitute the climatic situation in the study area for a certain time to find out the comfortable and appropriate time for the establishment of sports activities in the study area.
The thermal analysis of the indicator showed that there is a clear discrepancy between the times during the seasons, which shows that the appropriate times for the establishment of activities and sports practice start from the month of October and end at the beginning of the month of April, and these times include morning and afternoon times, but noon times are only in the winter months, While the months are unsuitable and disturbing in the establishment of sports activities, starting from the month of April and ending in the month of September, which are characterized by clear rises in the levels of the thermal index, which makes these times of the unsuitable and unsuitable climatically, as the appropriate and unsuitable areas were represented graphically and according to the stations of the study area

Abstract:
Sufism is a significant socio-populist fashion, which had a social, religious, political, and ideological impact in pre-Mongol late Abbasid public sphere of Iraq. Pre-Mongol Sufism was seen as an equibalance in post-Abbasid Iraq. Sufists had been the stakeholders upon which the Elkhanid Mongols depended in controlling divide-driven chaos in favour of stability and balance. The research, further, highlights a prominent setting in Muslim history. At that epoc, the Arabian territories suffered an unprecedent huge interregnum with fall of the Baghdad centered caliphate to the fiercest ever-known world-shocking Mongol invasion. The levant Muslim ststes faced a tough challenge, due to fall of three powers, the Abbasid caliphate was one of them. Muslims and Arabs were shocked at the fall of a Sunni-dominated Muslim power

Abstract
The present study tackles an important aspect of cognitive and cultural development of the Glorious Quran, which is for every time and place. As there is a difference in the time and place of the present time and the time and place of the revelation of the Glorious Quran, it is necessary to understand the Glorious Quran according to present time, place, environment, and values of peace and love it involves. The Glorious Quran was interpreted by the past nations in a wrong way that made Quranic expressions be given different meanings. In the present study, examples of Quranic expressions, were collected and analyzed. It was proven that there is a severe.

Abstract
Literature is a mirror reflecting the desert in all its details, especially with regard to the investigations and fields covered by its topics such as standing on the ruins, navigating the trekking, or hunting; or in depicting the elements of this environment and its physical components and its natural and climatic manifestations such as water, animals, deer, women and the camel.Being affected by the desert environment does not stop at the limit of imagining, but goes beyond it to adapting words and structures to fit with the realism of the solution and travel that characterized the life of the Arab poet.The Arab desert has gained a distinguished position within the normative system in evaluating Arabic literatureIt was not possible to ignore the Bedouin character in most of the Arabic poetry, especially in the pre-Islamic poetry, as the manifestations of the desert were scattered in it, given that the life of the desert is the life that dominates the Arab society at the time.
This study deals with a poet who lived in the umayyad age, but he followed what the Arab poets did in the pre-Islamic age,so we see him committed to what they were in the elements of the poem influenced by the desert in terms of words, structures and images,such as describing the details of the desert, journey, nightfall, water, plant and fire, courage, generosity and praise of lineage, As well as pictures of the camel, the mare and other animals. We chose to stand on the themes (women, animals and the wind) because of the Bedouin references they contain that refer to the desert and their effectiveness in the production of our poet.

Abstract
Ancient Mesopotamia had contributed to the development of humanity in various social, political, and economic aspects, as Mesopotamians created many elements necessary to the public interest. Of these elements was judiciary and the consequent essentials, including courts and justices, which enabled effective roles. Related inscriptions showed that Mesopotamian judiciary has been highly advanced and mature, which is noticeable through foundations and principles adopted since the earliest epochs and which have also been moved to subsequent periods. Mesopotamia-based judiciary relied on justices and multi-purpose courts for the settlement and resolution of disputes and truth making. This, later on, had impacted the consolidation of litigation.

Abstract
The research deals with the definition of the conservative movement and the most important reasons that led to its emergence on the American political scene and the economic and social changes that accompanied the movement that led to the adoption of the conservative movement’s basic principles to address the internal problems in the United States of America, which depends on reviving American traditions and heritage, working on the principle of individualism and fighting communism. These principles began to appear with the Republican Party and the adoption of the conservative movement and the transformation of society from liberalism to conservatism. The movement succeeded by promoting its conservative program and was able to reach the central authority and impose its political program that changed many things in the administration and American politics.

Abstract
Drought as a recurring and periodic climatic phenomenon, it occurs as a result of a decline in the amount of rain below the average for a long or short period of time, which leads to a decrease in the amount of water in rivers, the level of groundwater, soil moisture, and the areas of vegetation cover and natural pastures.
The climate of Baiji district was studied for the period (1970 - 2020). The results of analysis of the elements of the climate shows that the number of hours of solar radiation and temperature rates have been increased. The fluctuation of the rainfall amounts indicate to negative indicator due to the decrease in its quantities in most seasons during the study period. From the application of the Standard Rain Index (SPI) coefficient, the number of dry years was (57%) of the study years and wet years was (43%) during the study period. The moderately dry was (39%)، for the same period. The drought phenomenon had a clear impact on the environmental deterioration in the Baiji district. The satellite visuals for 1995 and 2019 shows the expansion of sand dunes, wind deposits, and the decline of natural vegetation cover and agricultural lands.

Abstract
The study, entitled "The other as a Bedouin: a Socio-Cultural Study in the Jewish-Iraqi novel," aims at exploring the ideological agendas hidden within the aesthetic narrative of the Jewish-Iraqi novels, especially when these novels became popular and well-read recently. These novels relied on "the narrative of the resistance" as an approach that aims at defending the Jewish identity and resisting the image of the other through distortion. This matter obviously shows the solidarity between the ideology and the novel.
The Jewish-Iraqi novels take the image of the Bedouin to serve their ideological purpose since the Bedouin represents the other who intensively condensed and displaced in the characteristics of the "Muslim" and "Arab." The three characters have been used in the novels as one, yet each image of them refers to the other with a special focus on the image of the Bedouin. The novels attempt to accomplish their purposes through the use of certain techniques, strategies, and images that celebrate the Jewish identity through positive portrayal while negatively portraying the other.
The study approaches the narrative discourse from a socio-cultural perspective; it discusses the necessary themes and the ideas such as the negative recurrence in the image of the other and its displacement, the use of the other's language to prove his inferiority, the engagement between the narratives, mainly the engagement of the Glorious Qur'an and archeology such as The Amarna letters, in addition to certain valuable historical and scientific opinions in this respect.

Abstract
Covid-19 has driven the globe in a new education-focused trend. Many advanced learning institutions in the present aspire to digital literacy as a result of the Covid-enforced shutdown in late-2020. Digital literacy is the ability to share, find, create, and evaluate content using the internet. Digital literacy is the literacy that demands a cognitive level to analyze, access, and make information from digital devices. This study attempts to find out the digital literacy skills used in Iraqi EFL University classrooms. The study sample is 150 4th –year EFL undergraduates, of the College of Education for Human Sciences, Wasit University. Results illustrated that item 2 achieved the highest weighted mean (4.68. 93%). Meanwhile, item 19 got the lowest weighted mean (2.34. 46%). The study, therefore, recommends that instructors and students keep up to date, develop their own digital competencies, and understand how digital devices can help present information in their own native language.