Al-Fatih journal

There is no doubt that writing is one of the most difficult skills for second language learners to master, in particular, for law college students who learn English for legal purposes. Acquiring writing skills that are highly complex is not the only factor which makes students achieve success in writing. There are other factors which influence students' outcome achievement like having confidence in their own capabilities known as self-efficacy beliefs. The construct of self-efficacy has received increasing attention and has been proved to have a significant positive correlation with writing achievement. Consequently, students who have high self-efficacy in their own writing skills, are expected to accomplish writing tasks successfully, on the other hand, those who show low self-efficacy are expected to fail even before they start writing.
The aims of this study are:
1.Investigating the correlation between law college students self-efficacy and their writing achievement in English language.
2.Identifying the difference in gender between male and female law students as for self-efficacy and achievement.
3.Identifying Law students' performance in the self-efficacy scale.
To achieve the aims of the study, the following hypotheses have been posed:
1.There is a positive correlation between law college students' self-efficacy and their writing achievement in English language.
2.There is a difference in gender between male and female law students as for self-efficacy and achievement.
3.Law college students have self-efficacy in their writing capabilities.
To achieve the aims of the study and verify the hypotheses, a sample of 40 students are randomly chosen from forth stage, law department, college of law and political sciences, Diyala university, in addition to 30 students who represent the pilot study. The students are asked to answer the self-efficacy scale for writing and to be compared with their writing achievement. By using certain statistical methods, such as t-test formula, Pearson correlation coefficient, Alpha Cronbach correlation coefficient, and spss, the following results have been obtained:
1. The computed r (0.929) is higher than the table one (0.25) at a degree of freedom of (38), which means that the correlation is positively significant.
2. Concerning the difference between male and female law students as for self-efficacy beliefs and writing achievement, it has been revealed that the computed t-value(1.43) is lower than the table one (1.68) at a level of significance of (0.05) and degree of freedom of (38), accordingly, the difference is not significant.
3.Since the mean score of students' self-efficacy is (45.43)which is higher than the theoretical mean (30), it means that law students have acceptable degree of self-efficacy beliefs in their writing capabilities.
According to the study results above, the following conclusions can be put forwards:
1. There is a significant positive correlation between law students' self-efficacy and their achievement in writing.
2. There is no significant difference as for self- efficacy and writing achievement between male and female students.
3. When comparing the mean score of self-efficacy grades with the theoretical mean, it shows that law students have efficacy beliefs in their writing capabilities.

This study aims at identifying (The Impact of the strategy of Learning Perfection in the achievement of the subject curriculum and teaching methods by the Third Grade Schoolgirls /Department of History).The study occurs in Iraq and the sample consists of (68)students (31) ones for the experimental group and (30) ones in the control group after taking out the failures. The experimental group has been taught by using the Strategy Learning Perfection whilst the control group was taught by using the traditional way. After finishing the experiment which lasted for the whole academic first semester in which the researcher hold achievement test after making sure of the validity and reliability and the difficulty level and the specification of the items power. Also the researcher chose the appropriate statistical tools to analyze the results:
The experimental group surpassed the control group in the achievement test which reflects the effectiveness of the Strategy of Learning Perfection in the achievement of the subject curriculum and teaching methods.
Conclusions :in the light of the research , the researcher finds out the following conclusions :
 The Effectiveness of the strategy of learning perfection in the achievement of the subject curriculum and teaching methods.
 The possibility of applying the strategy of learning perfection in Iraqi universities when the circumstances are available .
 The factor of time is one of the important factors that affects the increase in the achievement and to get the highest levels of perfection.
Recommendations: In the light of the results drawn , the following recommendations are given:
 Training the teachers how to prepare structural tests for each scholastic unit and how they applied on the students with special concern to their mental development.
 Taking into account time required and the individual differences among the students.
 Support the teachers of the methods of teaching with a guidance handbook shows the significance of the strategy of learning perfection and the remedy tools used and how they can be applied on the students.
Suggestions: To complete the following study, the researcher proposed the following suggestions:
 Execution of similar study concerned with other scholastic topics.
 Execution of comparative study shows the impact of the competitive learning and the cooperative learning impact in the framework of the learning perfection in achievement.
 Execution of similar study deals with other variables as critical thinking, class teaching skills , Creative thinking, Subject matter tendency .

This study aims at identifying the impact of the data processing in the achievement of the literary fifth grade schoolgirls. To achieve this aim and its hypotheses, the researcher selected a sample consists of fifth grade schoolgirls in the secondary school"A'aishah" which belongs to Diyala general directorate of education. The researcher chose two sections as the control group and the experimental one .Actually, the sample consists of (60)students (30)ones for each and the researcher attempted to match between the variables (age, intelligence , knowledge test done previously ).Later the researcher prepared the equipment required for the study as the subject matter , the behavioral objectives preparation, preparing lesson plans for the two groups . Subsequently, the educational achievement exposed to the jury of the experts and in the light of their notes and instructions, amendments have been done .It has been noticed that the researcher has chosen the statistical tools to achive her aims .The Conclusions of the study are:
1. The ability of teaching by using the strategy of data processing in the educational achievement of the experimental group in exchanging for the control group.
2. The process of teaching history by using the data processing makes the students the core of the educational system.
3. The strategy of data processing is the best method in increasing the educational achievement .

Proverbs are regarded a national and people's lifetime experiences describing hopes and pains in life and its psychological phenomena that are deeply rooted in the reality of Man and society. Proverbs are, in addition, of the minutest issues indicating peoples' thinking and conventions.
Colloquial proverbs are suitable to be a social study because they are among the most reliable sources for psychological researches. On the social side, they comprised folk traditions and local values as well as remarks included in them to various industries, careers and living conditions. From the psychological side, proverbs contain inclinations of people in times of peace and fear.
Therefore, the problem of the paper is to try answering the following question: are there educational and psychological dimensions in Iraqi folk proverbs?
Moreover, parables and aphorisms are rules of peoples' experiences during various successive epochs. They indicate the sentimental sharing of feelings of pain, happiness, distress and prosperity.
The paper aims at identifying the educational and psychological dimensions of Iraqi folk proverbs.
Furthermore, the researcher has adopted the descriptive-analytical approach because it is the most suitable for information and data gathering from the population of the study in figuring out the educational and psychological dimensions in Iraqi folk proverbs.
The researcher concluded that Iraqi folk proverbs are replete with psychological dimensions that are signifying the psychological disorders in an individual through his behavior in addition to the possibility of diagnosing the type of psychological disorder like megalomania, phobia, passive personality disorder and the like. They also full of educational guidance as another dimension of proverbs as warning from committing mistakes, a call for conduct amendment, being ethical, consulting others, stimulating self-reliance, accepting tutors and mentors rigidity as well as other positive educational instructions.

Psychological aspects have a significant correlation , positive or negative , with skill performance in athletics. This is shown clearly through the great attention especialists in general and athletic psychology paid to study those aspects and their influence on the betterment of skill performance. Thus , the researcher took into consideration focusing on creative thinking , as an important psychological aspect , and its relation to the percision performance of receiving and serving skills in volleyball for a purposive sample of fourth year students \ college of physical education \ university of Diyala. Descriptive approach , in relation form , was used and statistic tools were used as well to deduce the results.
The results ,however, showed a positive relation between creative thinking and the percision performance of receiving and serving skills in volleyball.

The process of paying attention to education in the elementary level is represented through focusing on preparing and training teachers in a way that is suitable to build a knowledge-based generation. Preparation and training ought to be based on a group of training requirements regarding the teacher as the cornerstone in reforming the educational system in basic stages. Such preparation should occur prior to and during the service so as to result in a well-qualified teacher of prominent performance. The study aims at:
- Identifying the most important training requirements needed in preparing the basic levels teachers from their own points of view. The tool of (Barakat,2010) is adopted in the study after executing all scientific research procedures. It was applied on a sample of elementary school male and female teachers with a bachelor certificate in Diyala General Directorate of Education.
After gathering the required data and processing them statistically, the researcher figured out the following results:
- Ascendingly arranging the training requirements as in table number 2.
- Finding out the training requirements of the basic levels teacher according to sex variable (male-female). It is noted that males enjoy a higher level of training in the training requirements than females because the measured T-value is more than the tabular value and in favor of males as the mean of their scores is higher than the mean of female scores in the sample of the study.
Therefore, the researcher recommends the following:
- Assembling training seminars or courses to specify the level of teaching cadres and the extent of their coping with developments in contemporary education.
- The researcher suggests to couduct a similar study concerning the training requirements of making basic levels teacher from educational supervisors' point of view.

The research aims at identifying the impact of poverty on educational level by analyzing the reality of education in Iraq.
It also aims at describing a future vision of poverty ,and explaining factors that led to the impoverishment of the Iraqi individual and the impact on net enrollment rates which in turn caused the deterioration of the educational process that have a negative impact on Iraqi society.
The research depends on the descriptive analytical method
Enhanced by the statistical tables in addition to the formulations
and conclusions of the specific theory . In order to achieve the goal of the research in the light of the hypothesis ,the research is divided into three sections: the first section reviews the conceptual poverty and education while the second section sheds light on education in Iraq(reality and Challenges ). The third section deals with poverty and its impact on the educational level in Iraq.
The most important conclusion of the research is that there
Is a relationship between poverty and education . The high poverty rates lead to lower levels of education . The most
Important recommendation is building educational strategy
Able to reduce poverty and thus raise and mature the development of educational system .

The issue of teacher preparation is not a secondary issue anymore. It is now a critical issue derived by the development of the world especially because we are living in the age of great changes and challenges towards developing the craft of teaching and the quality of teachers. Teacher's development and efficiency programs become a must to keep up with the age of fast changes that we live in. The aim of this study is to present a suggested educational program for teacher preparation in accordance with the educational requirements of knowledge economy. The researcher used the descriptive method to achieve the aim of the study. The study consisted of four chapters through which he reached at certain conclusions:
1. The success of knowledge economy depends on many factors, the most important of which is the success of the teacher to perform his roles as the engine of the educational process.
2. The suggested program might achieve the desired aim towards developing and refining according to the requirements of knowledge economy and enabling the educational body to achieve its aim in the best way possible.
The study has recommended the following:
1. The need of crystalizing the concept of knowledge economy in the minds of the teacher before actual performance of educational situations.
2. Preparing and presenting suitable descriptions for the roles of the teacher in the light of orientation towards knowledge economy which helps raising the efficiency of the teacher and refining his/her educational status.

The current research aims at: -
Building self- control scale in female intermediate school students .-
Measuring self control scale in female of middle-schoolers.-
The population of the study is composed of the female intermediate shool students and the sample has been selected randomly which consists of 400 female students . The researcher built the self- control scale after reviewing the related literature and previous studies . The scale includes 30 items in its final version . Reliability and validity have been attained by two ways fece validity and structure validity while reliability has been attained by two ways; re-test (0.95) and Alpha Cronbach (0.84). for data processing, a number of means have been used like person correlation coefficient, T-test, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation .

The study aims at constructing a scale for measuring the advance of children's rights among kindergarten female teachers firstly and measuring the teachers' carrying out of children's rights in kindergartens.
Moreover, the researcher has set children's rights scale and submitted it to a group of experts who agreed to its validity. Then, the psychometric characteristics of the scale are found out like validity and reliability, followed by implementing the papulation of the study (261) the study sample of (140) kindergarten female teachers.

This study aims to build a measurement for college students towards marriage. The researchers have built a measurement towards marriage and was exposed to a number of experts in Education and Psychology Studies. Psychometric aspects for the measurement has been found (validity and stability). The measurement was implemented on a sample of (420) college students.
The data of the following research has been treated by using the following statistical means: probable mean, standard deviation, weight percentage, T-test for independent samples, Person correlation, and Alfkronbak equivalent to get the results in conducting this research. According to the results, the researchers have recommended a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The study aims at realizing the influence of the detailed in the acquisition of listening skills for students of High schools following the Nil Hypothesis .
There is no difference of statistical significance at level (0.05) between the average of the student's grades who study reading following the detailed questions for the acquisition of listening skills and the average of the student's grades who study reading following the normal method.
The Researcher followed the experimental method characterized by partial control. The Researcher selected kanan High School intentionally located in Diyala Governorate and two classrooms from the Fourth Literary branch. The first, represents the experimental group, the second represents the controlling one . The total number of the students is (76) : 38 students in each group . There searcher considered the two groups in age, grades of students in the former year, and the qualification of parents.
The Researcher limited the material to 8 subject taken from reading for fourth literary branch in (2010-2011) . At the end of the experiment , the Research prepared a test , characterized by honesty and consistency, consisting of 30 items of multi choice test to verify its honesty .
The test was applied on 19/1/2011 on both groups under study . After test correction the data were analysed and treated statistically . The result showed that the experimented group is better than the control group in listening skills acquisition. The counted T. value was (14-9) ; it was more than the tabled value which was (1.91) and , thus , the nil hypothesis was rejected.
In the light of the results of the study,the researcher arrives at a number of conclusions some recommendations and suggestions ;one of which is :
- A similar study can be conducted to find the effect of detailed questions on speaking skill acquisition

In the first section of this research, the researchers deal with the physical training and its relation with bio mechanic. They also deal with the importance of swinging from the corner in handball because of its importance in scoring goals which is accordingly determine the level of the team. In addition, they study the effect of special exercises in the development of acceleration before rising up to swing from the corner in handball sport.
As for the aim of the research, it is to prepare special exercises to develop this kind of acceleration of goals. While the problem is that how to tackle the many problems of motor performance of the athletes. Thus, the researchers study the variability of acceleration before rising up to swing.
In the second section, the researchers deal with the concept of special exercises and swinging from the corner in handball. Section three on the other hand contains the methodology of the research and the field procedures. The sample of the study are young players of Diyala Club of handball and the researchers use the experimental method. This section also includes the devices, the used tools as well as the statistical means used to process the data.
The fourth section includes displaying, analyzing and discussing the results of the tests. It also includes finding distinctive signification between the prior and posterior tests. With reference to scientific resources, the researchers show, analyze and discuss these results in a table.
Section five deals with the conclusions and recommendation. The recommendation is that the effect of special exercises has a positive indication in developing the acceleration before rising up to swing from the corner in handball sport.

In the first chapter of this study, the researchers discussed the scientific development of all the sectors of life at the present time. This caused a change in modern lifestyle. It also opened new horizons for research and knowledge and sport is one of them. The change in individual and team sports was due to the continuous efforts towards better understanding of the basics and rules of the sport training science which aims at raising the level of training status to reach its optimum by researching and observation. Developments in all the sectors of life is due to following modern scientific methods to reach the desired results. The sport industry witnessed noticeable development trough correct programmed planning. The significance of this study lies in designing a set of special typical exercises in football. These exercises are useful in developing some basic skills and neglecting traditional exercises. The aim of this study is to design a typical exercises in football for Diyala Football Club for the young. The hypothesis of the study is that typical and exercises have an effect in developing basic skills in football.
The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework and some similar studies.
The third chapter included the methodology of the study and field procedures. The researchers relied on the experimental method though equalized groups and pretest-posttest design for experimental and control groups.
The fourth chapter dealt with presenting, analyzing and discussing the results.
The fifth chapter included the conclusions which showed that the experimental group was effective in the posttest which means that using typical exercises has positively participated in developing the basic skills in football. The researchers recommended choosing the suitable typical exercises for specialized performance and the nature of the competition.

In the first chapter of this study, the researchers discussed the scientific development of all the sectors of life at the present time. This caused a change in modern lifestyle. It also opened new horizons for research and knowledge and sport is one of them. The change in individual and team sports was due to the continuous efforts towards better understanding of the basics and rules of the sport training science which aims at raising the level of training status to reach its optimum by researching and observation. Developments in all the sectors of life is due to following modern scientific methods to reach the desired results. The sport industry witnessed noticeable development trough correct programmed planning. The significance of this study lies in designing a set of special typical exercises in football. These exercises are useful in developing some basic skills and neglecting traditional exercises. The aim of this study is to design a typical exercises in football for Diyala Football Club for the young. The hypothesis of the study is that typical and exercises have an effect in developing basic skills in football.
The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework and some similar studies.
The third chapter included the methodology of the study and field procedures. The researchers relied on the experimental method though equalized groups and pretest-posttest design for experimental and control groups.
The fourth chapter dealt with presenting, analyzing and discussing the results.
The fifth chapter included the conclusions which showed that the experimental group was effective in the posttest which means that using typical exercises has positively participated in developing the basic skills in football. The researchers recommended choosing the suitable typical exercises for specialized performance and the nature of the competition.

The study aims at constructing a scale for accepting the biological changes among motherless female students .
Furthermore, the researcher has set biological changes acceptance scale and submitted it to a group of experts. Then, she figured out the psychometric characteristics. The scale comprised of (32) items, three choices each. For data processing, the researcher used the following statistical tools (Pearson correlation coefficient , arithmetic mean and standard deviation , the T.test for two independent smples). Moreover, the study results showed measuring the biological changes among motherless female students. In the light of the study results, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions

The study aims at defining the crimes of the information technology, their kinds and the features and characteristics of those who commit such crimes and the reasons and motives behind the spreaded crimes. The Researcher has used in the preparation of this research the descriptive method as it suits the purpose of the research. The researcher reached a number of recommendations to reduce the spread of such phenomenonsuch as: the necessity to work on issuing new IT laws to limititand the necessity to take good care of family and schools education to build new generation who is able to use information technology positively.

The dropout is the most educational wastage problem that has a great influence on society which increase in illiteracy and unemployment rates which leads in economical and production weakness as well as to entirely efficiency of educational system . According to these reasons this study explains the important factors and reasons that lead to this phenomena . We take a symbols of (teachers, educational supervisors, and principals) from three governorates (Baghdad, Nineveh and Basra) in order to represent the geographic areas and to reache the most important reasons and according to a new questionnaire on( family , economical , educational and society reasons ) including those related to the teacher , student , curriculum , teaching methods , formal book , methods of examinations , evaluation and school building ) In addition to that educational managements and supervisors reasons , a Chi-square ( 2 )was used as a statistical method to clarify the most influence reasons and paragraphs and classified sequenced according to( 2 ) value .
Finally these reasons has been analysis according to results, and putting the necessary recommendations to address these reasons.

The research aims at identifying the extend of the effect of Globalization on the social values and how it changes them negatively in the social construction of the society.
The research also deals with the mechanisms of the globalization and its social reflects on the values system of the society. It consists of three chapters and each one contains three sections, In the first chapter, the researcher studies the theoretical frame of the study including the scientific concepts.
The second chapter deals with the reflects of removing Globalization on the society . The field aspect of the study is in chapter three and there is a main hypothesis and three secondary hypotheses in it. The main hypothesis as well the three secondary ones is achieved.
The sample includes hundred (100) students of both male and female sex of the college of Education – Kalar and the study of the sample was arbitrary .
The research then discusses the hypotheses of the study and the results of it.
Finally the researcher ends the study with some recommendations, suggestions and the bibliography of the research.

The current research aims at identifying the level of self-disclosure among the university students, and to ideutify the differences in the in the level of self- disclosure among college students in terms of gender (male, female) and specialty (scientific, humanities), Furthermore, the researchers have set a self-disclosure scale relying on (Altman and Tylor's|) theory and their definition of self- disclosure. The researchers, then , verified the psychometric characteristics of the scale via two methods; face value and structure validity. Next to that, the scale reliability is found out by two means; re-testing with a ratio of (0.81) and Cronbach's Alpha (0.80). The scale, in its final form, comprised of (44) self-disclosure items.
Next, the measure was applied on the major sample of the study of (667) male and female students in the University of Diyala, undergraduate morning studies in the academic year (2013-2014) who were selected in the random proportionate Stratified approach. After statistical data processing via (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test of one sample, dual-disparity analysis, Scheffe' post hoc comparisons, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis), the following results were gained:
1-Students have self-disclosure.
2-There is a statistically significant variation on the scale of self-disclosure in the gender variable (male, female) in favor of female students, concerning specialty, there is no statistically significant difference. There is a statistically significant difference in gender-specialty interaction on the scale of self-disclosure in favor of female students
In light of the results, the researchers reached a number of recommendations and suggestions

The most important objective of education is the manipulation of knowledge in all fields through acquaintance of the educational methods the which could enrich them with notions, imagination, and focusing on thinking the skills. The significance of the research paper embarks from the importance of the technical educational outcomes , as well as the significance of engineering in improving geometric thinking. The research paper aims at identifying the "levels of geometric thinking among the technical institute students/ Baquba" via their answers in the geometric thinking test that is comprising of (48) multiple choice items distributed on the first four levels set by Van Hiele (recognition, analysis, ordering, deduction).
Moreover, the validity of the test is examined by a group of experts to calculate the item-to-item relation, item-to-scale relation, item-to-field relation and field-to-field relation by applying it to a sample of (30) male and female students. Next, the test is applied on a sample of (140) second year students/ Department of Electricity. The results showed that (31.4%) of students are below the recognition of the level, (10%) of them are in the recognition level, (5%) are in the analysis level, (3.5%) in the ordering level, and finally(3.5%) in the deduction level

This paper aims at identifying the most significant problems concerning the teaching performance of music in the Arab world. In the first chapter, the researcher dealt with the methodology of the paper exemplified by the problem, significance and aim of the study which is marked off in finding the future solutions in the teaching method which is impacting the behavior via learning music in the serious modern methods.
Moreover, the researcher focused in chapter two on the theoretical frame represented by the role of music and a number of historical instances as well as the history of some music centers, the role of music and singing in the pre-Islamic epoch, the role of music and singing in the Islamic era. The most apparent obstacles in teaching music and the role of mind in the teaching of music all assert the necessity of practicing the elevated art of music to change the taste of the community towards the right voice and detach from the spreading mess in music. Whenever ideal music phenomenon is spread, the commercial, noisy type of music that is rejected by common taste will disappear. Furthermore, the researcher set a number of conclusions and put certain recommendations and suggestions, followed by a list of references.