Al-Fatih journal

The research aims to prepare the educational units of a good model associated with visual and audiovisual devices for male students of the Department of Basic Education at the University of Sulaymaniyah, and to know the effectiveness of a good model associated with both audiovisual and visual devices within the educational units in cognitive achievement and performance of the snatch raise in the research sample, and to know the differences between the good model with audiovisual and visual devices Within the educational units in the research variables and in the research sample. The researcher uses the experimental method by designing two experimental groups with a pre and post test to suit it with the nature of the problem. The researcher used the means to collect information and a number of devices and tools, then equalize the sample in physical capabilities, conduct exploratory experiments, implement introductory units as well as pre-test, and prepare educational units of two types (the good model associated with visual devices) and (the good model associated with audiovisual devices) and the implementation of the units and then conducting tests Dimensional, and the use of the electronic statistical bag for data processing. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the superiority of the second experimental group that followed the use of the good model coupled with audio-visual devices over the first experimental group that followed the model with visual devices in the difference between both the level of technical performance and cognitive achievement.

To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed the following hypotheses
-There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (5%) between the average achievement scores in the post-test between the experimental group that studied according to the focus group strategy and the control group that studied according to the usual method. To verify the validity of the hypothesis, the researchers used the calculation of the mean and variance of the experimental group’s scores. And the control test in the achievement test (T-test) to find differences between the average of the two samples of the answers of students in the experimental and control groups in the achievement test beforehand..
-There is no statistically significant difference at a level between (5 0.0) the average achievement scores in the post-skills test between the experimental group that studied according to the focus group strategy and the control group that studied in the usual way. To verify the validity of the hypothesis, the researchers used the calculation of the mean and variance of the experimental group’s scores. The control is in the achievement test (T-test) to find differences between the means of the two samples..
1-Teaching using focus and influence strategies enables learners to take an active role in breaking down technical tasks and skills into simpler concepts and skills and linking them for proper learning, so that previous learners do not depend on receiving, remembering and listening, especially when they are combined with subsequent educational experiences..
2-The use of focus strategies and their effects leads to an increase in the cognitive and skill levels of students in the fourth stage of the Creativity School, which was observed at the level of the experimental group studied according to the use of focus strategies. And its effects..
3-It is clear that the use of the focus strategy and its impact on the experimental group led to the achievement of art education subjects for the students of the Creativity Academy in the fourth stage..
4-Applying the focus strategy and its effect helped the students in the experimental group to acquire the concepts and skills of art education, which provided students with opportunities to link information and skills related to art education, making it easier for them to accept it. Art education. Use the information they have and the skills they have to be exposed to to absorb new skills and concepts..

The research aims to determine the training needs necessary for teaching physics curricula at the secondary stage from the point of view of physics teachers in Diyala Governorate . In this research) the descriptive Analytical Approach (was used , where a questionnaire was built consisting of four axes (lesson planning , teaching strategies and methods , teaching aids and modern technologies and the evaluations ) . After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire , it was applied to a sample of 112 male and female teachers in the schools of Diyala governorate . After conducting the necessary statistical treatments using the statistical package program (spss), several results were reached. The most important of which are :
1 – The degree of appreciation of the research sample for the training needs and for all the axes of the questionnaire was high, Which means that there are high training needs among the research sample.
2 – The study showed that there is a statistically significant difference between arithmetic mean for estimating training needs between male and female teachers , in favor of the high
arithmetic mean (male teachers) .
3 - The study showed that there were no statistically significant difference between the average responses of the research sample due to the educational qualification variable .
4 - The study showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the average responses of the research sample due to the variable years of experience , in favor of the group with the highest average , which is the years of experience between (11 – 15 years ).
Based on this results , the researcher made several recommendations, the most important of which are : providing a special center for conducting training courses for physics teachers so that it is equipped with the latest educational technologies and laboratory materials to present the educational content of the training courses in an attractive and practical way, and to take an advantage of modern technologies in the field of training such as the virtual laboratory to compensate for the shortage in laboratories . It also made several proposals , the most important of which are : conducting studies on the latest programs reached by developed countries to raise the professional competence of physics teachers .

The current research aims to identify:
1- The level of communication satisfaction among high school teachers.
2- Identify the significance of the differences in communication satisfaction according to the gender variable.
3- Identify the significance of the differences in communication satisfaction according to the specialization variable.
The research sample consisted of (400) male and female teachers from district center schools (Baquba, Al-Muqdadiya, Baladruz) Of both sexes. The research sample was chosen by a simple random method with a proportional distribution. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adapted the (communicative satisfaction) scale according to a model (Hecht,1978). The scale consisted of (20) items, and the face validity and construct validity were verified. The reliability was verified using a retest method, and the reliability coefficient reached (81%). While the reliability coefficient of the tool according to the Cronbach method reached (70%) and using the statistical package (SPSS) as a method. Statistically, the following results were reached:
1- Secondary school teachers enjoy communicative satisfaction.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the degree of communication satisfaction according to the gender variable.
3- There are statistically significant differences in the degree of communication satisfaction according to the specialization variable and in favor of scientific specialization.
In light of the findings, the researcher presents a set of recommendations and proposals.

Collective feeling is considered as one of the important social processes in the life of individuals and societies, and its importance is confirmed through the continuation of social life because it is the basis for human survival and the emergence and development of societies. It helps to develop belonging, interdependence and social integration. Hence, the researcher chose the variable of her research (collective feeling), as she found that this variable is influential and effective in the lives of individuals in general and the lives of university students in particular.
The current research aims at the following:
1. Identifying the extent to which the students of the College of Basic Education possess the collective feeling scale.
2. Identifying the statistically the significant differences in the collective feeling of the students of the College of Basic Education according to the gender variable (males, females).
3. Identifying the statistically significant differences in the collective feeling of the students of the College of Basic Education according to the variable of specialization (scientific, human).
The study population consisted of students from the University of Diyala / College of Basic Education, and the total number reached (1360) male and female students. The research sample consisted of (288) male and female students. Reliability (0.77) using the re-test method, and reliability using the Alpha Croneback method was (0.74), and the number of items on the scale was (36) items. The researcher found the following:
1.The sample suffers from low group feeling.
2. There are no statistically significant differences between the average performance of males and the average performance of females on the collective sentiment scale.
3. There are statistically significant differences between the average performance of the scientific specialization and the average performance of the human specialization on the collective feeling scale in favor of the human.
As a complement to the relevant aspects of the research, the researcher came out with a number of recommendations and proposals.

This study aims to identify some of the sensory perceptions of children (5-10 years) by using the kinesthetic perception scale designed by the researcher Ahmed Eman Hamad Shehab (1998) and through a proposed program, at the College of Physical Education - University of Baghdad, regarding the use of motor education to raise the level of mental ability and kinesthetic perception of children.
The researcher also used the descriptive approach with correlational relationships and the use of a scoring test on a sample of fourth-grade primary students, which is consisting of (40) students from Al-Hassan Bin Ali School in Baqubah District, Diyala Governorate. The study found that there is a correlation between the research variables, sensory perception, and kinesthetic skills in football scoring.
The current study recommended the necessity of paying attention to physical education lessons for children, working to diversify the games and educational curricula that are used in them, and conducting similar studies on other variables and for different ages.

Educational counseling is an important characteristic of the educational scientific aspects provided by the school, especially the social psychological counsellors (School counselor). This research aims to identify the role of al school counselors in the counseling process and identify the differences in school principals' perceptions of the performance of school counselors and the problems and obstacles according to the variables (gender, age, specialization, certificate) and identify the level of impact of the problems and obstacles of counselors on the performance of their work,the research community consists of principals of public schools in Sulaymaniyah Governorate affiliated to the Ministry of Education in the Kurdistan Region, and their number are (374), and the researcher sample (58) principals as a sample the researcher prepared a measurement to collect information from the study sample, and reached reached the following conclusions:
1- The role of school counselors in the process of concling students in educational institutions.
2- There is no difference in the opinion of the school principals in the role of the school counsellors.
3- There is no difference in the opinion of the principals about the problems and obstacles facing the work of school counsellors.
4- The effective of problems and obstacles faced by school counselors on the performance of their work.

The current research aims to identify the effect of a counseling program in the style of self-talk to develop social persuasion among educational counselors, by testing the null hypothesis ((There are no statistically significant differences between the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups on the social persuasion scale in the pre- and post-tests at the level of significance. (0.05), and for the purpose of identifying the level of social persuasion among the sample, the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Ukaili 2011), then the researcher extracted the statistical characteristics of the scale and it was found that all items have a statistically significant distinction and correlation. The validity and reliability of the scale was confirmed, as the correlation coefficient for the stability of the scale was reached by retesting. (0.87), and the Cronbach’s alpha value was (0.82), The scale consisted of (25) items, and after applying the guidance program to the experimental sample, the research results concluded that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group. In light of these results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Teaching sports skills requires methods that are effective and influential in learning that skill, and because the development in various games has become clear and significant as a result of using modern methods. The researcher wanted to study the effect of educational units using the accelerated learning method in learning some complex soccer skills for students. The experimental approach was used with two equal groups, divided by lottery among the students of the Martyr Shaalan Intermediate School for Boys in the Khalis District, with a number of (93) students. The results of the research showed the development of the experimental group in the post-tests resulted from using the accelerated learning method to learn some complex skills.

The study aimed to determine the level of inclusion of sustainable development of the environmental field in My Language textbook for the second grade of elementary schools for the three semesters in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Environmental for sustainable development included (21) indicators, and the study population was represented in all my language courses for the elementary stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study sample consisted of My Language textbook for the second-grade elementary school for the three semesters of the academic year 1444 AH. The study indicated that the environmental field of sustainable development was included in the three textbooks of My Language at a weak level of (14.19%) and that there was a discrepancy in the inclusion of indicators in the three semesters. Elementary stage is an essential stage in raising the student on environmental awareness to achieve sustainable environmental

The current research aims to: identify the teaching competencies available in the performance of teachers of the Arabic language in the preparatory stage.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive approach in her research procedures, and the research community reached () male and female teachers, and the research sample was () teachers of the Arabic language in the preparatory and secondary day schools of the Directorate of Khalis Education in Diyala Governorate, chosen by the researcher intentionally. To represent her research sample, distributed among () schools, and she prepared the research tool (observation form) for teaching competencies, and after examining the literature, sources and previous studies related to the subject of her research, the researcher sought to make the main teaching competencies in three areas: (planning, implementation , and calendar), and drafted () paragraphs distributed over () fields, and to achieve the apparent validity of the research tool, it was presented to experts and specialists, to find out their opinions and judgment on the validity of the fields and paragraphs, and the researcher adopted the five-point distribution of the (Lickert) scale in determining alternatives to the research tool, The research tool in its final form consisted of () paragraphs, and it also established the construction validity of the paragraphs of the research tool. After verifying the validity of the tool, the researcher extracted its stability coefficient, as the coefficient reached Stability according to the Alfacrombach equation (0.%), and after confirming the validity and reliability of the tool, the researcher began applying it to the research sample in the first semester on Sunday // AD, and ended on Sunday /5/ AD, and after completing the Applying the research tool and data analysis, the researcher reached the following results:
- All areas of the main teaching competencies (planning, implementation, and evaluation) are not achieved by teachers of the Arabic language for the preparatory stage, except for the two areas (class management, and educational communication (verbal and non-verbal)) in the implementation competencies, and in the light of the research results, the researcher recommends several recommendations, Of which:
- The need to adopt the observation form that was prepared in this research by the educational supervisors when evaluating the performance of male and female teachers of the Arabic language subject in its various branches.
In completion of this research, the researcher proposed several proposals, including:
- Conducting a study similar to the current study; To evaluate the performance of Arabic language teachers in other stages.

The current research aims to find out: (The effect of an organizational-style guidance program on developing the optimistic personality among married female teachers in the middle school(
To achieve the goal and hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the experimental method, and the research community was determined from married female teachers working in middle schools for the academic year (2022-2023). As for the research sample, it was intentionally selected from married female teachers who had a weakness in the optimistic personality, as ( 20) schools of married female teachers as a sample for the counseling program, with (10) female teachers for each of the (experimental) and (control) groups. The number of counseling program sessions reached (10) counseling sessions. The researcher concluded that: Married female teachers have a weakness in the personality variable optimism. A statistically significant difference also appeared in the experimental group in the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-test. As for the control group, no statistically significant difference appeared in the pre- and post-tests. As for the post-test, a statistically significant difference appeared between members of the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the research is to know the effectiveness of science teaching by using the Woods model on develop conceptual comprehension and reflective thinking among third-grade intermediate students. In sciences, and another for reflective thinking skills. The number of sample members was (60) students from the third intermediate grade students in the Abu Dhar Al-Ghafari Intermediate Schools and Al-Bazha Intermediate Schools in the Bisha educational governorate; They were divided into two equal groups; One of them was experimental (30) students who studied the unit "Material Chemistry" using the Woods model, and the other was control (30) students who studied the same unit in the usual way, and the research experiment took (10) classes, and the conceptual comprehension test and the reflective thinking skills test were applied before and after on the two groups.
The results of the research revealed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the post application of each of: the conceptual comprehension test in science at the total degree and the four levels (illustration, interpretation, application, vision/perspective), and skills test Reflective thinking in the total degree and the five skills, except for the skill (visual vision, and detection of fallacies), for the benefit of the experimental group students. Also, there is no positive, statistically significant correlation at the level (0.01) between the scores of the experimental group students in the post application of the conceptual comprehension and reflective thinking tests. In light of these results, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions.

This study aims to identify (the effect of intellectual gain strategies on the performance of female first-year intermediate students in literary and textual subjects and to develop their critical thinking). To achieve this goal, the researchers selected a sample of (67) first-year female students in the education major (the outstanding female students of Umm al-Shuhada). Diarra, there were (33) female students in the experimental group, and (34) female students in the control group. The researchers rewarded the female students in the two study groups based on variables such as chronological age in months, parents’ academic performance, intelligence tests, and pre-critical thinking tests. After identifying the scientific materials, the researchers set a final behavioral goal to reach (128) behavioral goals. The researchers prepared model teaching plans for each subject designated for the experiment. To measure the performance and critical thinking of students in the two study groups, the researchers prepared two tests. The first is that the achievement test consists of (42) test items, and its validity has been verified, while the consistency and critical thinking test has a total of (75) test items, and its validity and reliability have been verified. After applying the research tools and statistical analysis of the results obtained by the researchers, it was found that the experimental group was superior to the control group in both the achievement and critical thinking tests. The researchers also concluded that the effectiveness of the intelligence harvesting strategy lies in its compatibility with the usual methods for comparing the gains of first-year intermediate female students in achievement and thinking. Critic in literary and textual disciplines. This is an important goal advocated by all modern educational conferences and literature, and recommends benefiting from the results of current research by moving away from old methods of teaching literature and texts..

This research aims at identifying the level of plastic skills among teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts in Sulaimani from the graduate perspective. The descriptive approach was adopted in carrying out the research according to the nature of its subject, objectives and procedures. The research community consisted of students who graduated from the Fine Arts Department, Drawing Branch, at the Institute of Fine Arts in the city of Sulaimani from 1985 to 199. The research samples are forty which are randomly chosen from the research community. The research tool was limited to a scale to determine the level of plastic skills, which was prepared by the researcher and consisted of twenty items, while the entire community of teachers, i.e. the comprehensive urban area, was taken. The psychometric scales for the aforementioned scale were extracted. After the scale was applied to the individuals of the research sample, their scores were then subjected to statistical treatment using the necessary statistical methods such as: weighted mean, and percentage weight. Thus, the result of the research concludes that the scale of plastic skills of the teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts was good for the graduates, but with different degrees. The study ends with a number of conclusions, suggestions and recommendations

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Expert's Cloak strategy on deep understanding skills among first-year middle school female students in mathematics. To achieve the research objective, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.05 between the mean scores of first-year middle school female students in the experimental group, who study according to the Expert's Cloak strategy, and the mean scores of first-year middle school female students in the control group, who study according to the conventional method, in a deep understanding test in mathematics. The research population consisted of first-year middle school female students in morning secondary schools in Diyala Education Directorate Amina Bint Wahab Secondary School for Females was chosen as the research sample, and a random selection was made for Group A to be the experimental group, consisting of 31 students studying mathematics according to the Expert's Cloak strategy, and Group B to be the control group, consisting of 31 students studying the same subject using the conventional method, after excluding statistically failing students. Both research groups were matched in terms of demographic variables (age in months, intelligence, previous achievement in mathematics). A deep understanding test consisting of 30 objective items of multiple-choice type was prepared, and its psychometric properties were ensured. The data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the following result was reached: The experimental group outperformed the control group in deep understanding skills with a statistically significant difference. Based on the study results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The present research aims to find out the effect of a counseling program using the Reciprocal analysis on the academic self-concept improvement of university students by testing the following hypothesis (there are no statistically significant differences between the grade levels of the experimental group and the control group on the academic self-esteem scale in the pre- and post-tests at a significance level of 0.05). The researcher adopted the English academic self-concept scale by (Cabaguing, 2018). The validity of the translation was administrated, then the researcher extracted the statistical characteristics of the scale. It was concluded that all items of the scale have a statistically significant differences and correlation. The validity and reliability of the scale were approved as the reliability coefficient by the test and retest method was (0.81), and the reliability value by the Cronbach’s alpha method was (0.85). The scale consisted of (19) items. The researcher designed and applied a counseling program on a sample of (10) students as an experimental group. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in favor of the experimental group. Considering these results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The aim of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the question circle strategy in the achievement of fifth-grade elementary school students in mathematics. To achieve the research goal, the following null hypothesis was formulated: (There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group that studied according to the question circle strategy and the average scores of the control group students who studied according to the traditional method in the mathematics achievement test).
The researcher followed the experimental method, Al-Sharif Al-Radhi Mixed Primary School was intentionally selected as a sample to implement the research experiment because it contains two classes, the total number of students were (65). The researcher took into consideration some variables in the two research groups that may affect the conduct of the experiment, including (chronological age in months, academic achievement, Previous knowledge test in mathematics).
The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (20) multiple-choice items. The validity and reliability of the test was verified. The data were statistically analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS). The results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the mathematics achievement test. In light of results, the researcher recommended the possibility of applying the question circle strategy in teaching mathematics.

To achieve the effectiveness of vocabulary calculative learning strategy ,and work out the result whether or not this learning strategy would affect the mastery of English words for second-Year Intermediate class Iraqi students . The researcher utilized two groups. Mainly, control group and experimental group each one has a numbered(n =30 ) . The control group was taught according to traditional method, while the experimental group , was taught according to vocabulary calculative learning, both groups were taught for a period of 6 weeks. Through using statistical procedures, the results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference in words mastery of students’ reading comprehension achievement in favor of vocabulary calculative learning strategy. It was suggested that more practice of this strategy caused better outcomes and, bigger word mastery of students’ reading comprehension achievement than typical teaching . This training may give a hopeful adjustment by increasing vocabulary development, which , in turn, affects students' reading comprehension achievement .

Pragmatics learning is as vital as learning the vocabulary and the grammar of the target language. It is concerned with the appropriate use of language to achieve different daily communicative goals. The present qualitative study, therefore, sheds light on how Kurdish EFL university students view their pragmatics learning experience, particularly via computer-mediated communication. Fifty-three students responded to a survey of eight items, seeking both, their perception of receiving pragmatic instruction via Zoom platform, and the content of the activities they pursued as well. The collected data was analyzed following Boyatzis’s (1998) thematic analysis; an analysis designed to encode qualitative data. The qualitative analysis revealed a positive perception of learning pragmatics in general, and learning it via online-mediated communication in particular. It also revealed a positive attitude toward the pragmatic activities that were carried out. Finally, the study recommended that educators should incorporate computer-mediated communication to help Kurdish university students develop their pragmatic competence.