Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The importance of music is not absent from the mind of the contemplator of Arabic poetry, both ancient and modern. Music has an effective influence in shaping the aesthetic formation of the poetic text, as linguistic sounds combine, according to a special system in the textual system, to create a rhythm that expresses the stores of the emotional state and expresses what the poetic experience carries and the emotions it produces. It is considered, with its meter and rhyme, one of the most important elements on which the poetic poem depends, as it distinguishes the poetic language from the language of ordinary discourse. We see that poets cannot dispense with it because of its ability to help express their emotions and feelings.

The research dealt with an important group of phonetic manifestations and colors, and examined their effect on Arabic rhetoric and the miracle of the Qur’an; starting with the linguistic sound, passing through the single word, and ending with the sentence and the entire structure.. From here; The nature of the research and its methodology required that it be based on five chapters, the first of which dealt with an aspect of the phonetic dimension of some Arabic and Quranic words and the semantic effects it caused. The second chapter was entitled: “Analysis of the morphological structures of a group of Arabic and Quranic words and their deconstruction, and the effect of that on assembling the phonetic structure and deriving its meaning.” The third chapter was devoted to reviewing some phonetic colorings and the music of single words and their echoes in drawing events and depicting scenes. In the fourth chapter, I presented selected examples of a group of abstract letters and phonetic syllables and the deep inspiration they evoke in the soul. In the fifth and final chapter, I touched on some phonetic aspects and their effect on linguistic and Quranic eloquence. The conclusion of the research was then followed, encompassing: The most important results I have reached, followed by a list of the most important sources and references that I have benefited from in enriching the scientific material for the research.

My study of the meaning of the Qur’anic text among Arabic scholars within the concept of modern textual science made me stand on the fact that the textual analysis among Arabic scholars is comparable to modern textual analysis and reflects the depth of their understanding of the meanings of the Holy Verses, and also reflects the antiquity of their textual analysis. The difference between their analysis of the meaning of the text and the analysis of modern researchers lies in the terminology and the clarity of the boundaries between the text and the sentence among modern scholars.

The declarative sentence - in its nominal and verbal parts - which was based on the word (نزل) in its construction, occupied many places in the Holy Quran; therefore, this research came to show the patterns of this sentence, and the grammatical positions it occupied in the contexts in which it appeared. This research was built on an introduction and two chapters. The introduction was devoted to the meaning of the sentence in language and terminology, and as for the two chapters, the first of them was devoted to the nominal declarative sentence, and the second to the verbal declarative sentence. I supported it with multiple Quranic and linguistic sources and references.

The safe place and the bright time are manifested in that it is the home of the beloved and the continuous meetings have a place for the poet that affects his soul and feelings, and thus in his poetic production, and what comes out of expression is full of the longing of the place, so the poet had to remember the places where the beloved passed or where she lived, as these places represent the pleasant and joyful memories that do not leave the poet’s memory. As for the place in which the poet’s anxiety is manifested in terms of the beloved’s distance from him, it is linked to sad memories, and to the sad psychological time, and for this reason the poet feels the stability of the place and the length of time in moments of fear and sadness, and for this reason time is subject to the poet’s psyche, colored by his feeling towards existence.

The prose poem emerged from prose, not from the pre-prepared metrical form. This means that it emerged from life, not from the mind. It emerged from reality, not from an industrial elite proposed by literary circles at that time. Susan Bernard has hinted at two formulas for the prose poem: the formal poem, which imposes a structure and regular rhythmic forms on time. If the special methods of poetic composition are eliminated, we will immediately notice those methods that are in the possession of the prose poem in order to impose a structure and form on the time span that are limited to the two types of division into poetic sections and repetition that includes the necessary to restore words or topics, and symmetries of every kind. All of these methods were actually used at a very early time by poets of the prose poem, as for the illumination that erases the boundaries of place and time ([1]). It cuts bridges on all forms of time (place, time, logical conclusion) and frees itself to time and rejects it. Thus, Susan Bernard divided it into two types: conservative, which is the poem that she called formal, pictorial, or cyclical, and rebellious, which is illumination. Thus, time played an important role in making the prose poem conservative and rebellious. Commitment to the rhythms of time and a region makes it conservative, and departure from the rhythms of time and a region makes it rebellious. This refers in one way or another to what we call the (internal rhythm) of the prose poem ([1]).

This research deals with the formula (إنفَعَلَ) in the Semitic languages ​​in a comparative study that aims to define the style of those languages ​​in formulating (إنفَعَلَ) in addition to its semantic meanings, whether through what is connected to the aspects of agreement or difference, and clarifying the common phenomena between the two languages, not to mention conducting a comparison between those linguistic phenomena and other Semitic languages, with a discussion of what is under discussion, with mentioning examples, supporting that by mentioning examples and then the evidence that confirms that from the Holy Quran with regard to the Arabic language, with mentioning the grammatical notes if they exist and wherever required. The research concluded by mentioning the most important results that the research reached.

This research deals with the grammatical ruling issued by Ibn Jinni in his book "Al-Fath Al-Wahbi on the Problems of Al-Mutanabbi", where Ibn Jinni dealt with the meaning of Al-Mutanabbi's poetry only, trying to clarify these problematic verses. The reason for a number of these problems was related to grammatical aspects, and some of the grammatical problems were not problems but rather were an obscurity of the grammatical aspect, and this is neither weak nor ugly, but there are grammatical problems that require interpretation to solve them; as they caused confusion and obscurity of the intended meaning, and Ibn Jinni tried to interpret them but found that they are only suitable for weak or ugly aspects. I studied these verses that Ibn Jinni ruled as weak or ugly in this book, relying on a method based on extrapolating the statements of grammarians on the issue, comparison and analysis; to determine the reasons for these rulings issued by Ibn Jinni, and the extent of their accuracy.

Through the practical application of the position of the pause in the Qur’anic context, it became clear that it has a grammatical and semantic function, which leads to the diversity and multiplicity of the syntactic and semantic aspects in the Qur’anic text. This gives the text various and different images of meaning and syntax and adds vitality to the Qur’anic text, and beauty to the meanings that vary with the multiplicity of the syntactic aspects that follow the position. The position of the pause differs according to the readings, but it preserves the meaning of the Qur’anic sentence and adds beauty to it with the multiplicity of syntactic positions according to the Qur’anic readings.

Allah, the Almighty, sent the Messengers and Prophets (peace be upon them) to the people in order to call them to worship Allah alone, and to abandon the worship of idols and statues, and to give them the good news of Paradise if they obey, and to warn them of torment in this world and the Hereafter if they disobey. There is no doubt that the disbelievers denied the torment, and some of them challenged their Prophet to bring down torment upon him if he was truthful, and they did not know that Allah, the Almighty, owns the heavens and the earth, and that He is capable of everything, and that He will fulfill His threat to them with force and vengeance if they disobey. The torment of this world has many types, each according to his action and disobedience, and in the research there is a detailed explanation of all these types.

In this research, we will discuss the merits of interpretation among philosophers, with Plato as a model, shedding light on the good side of Plato’s philosophy to determine the extent of harmony and agreement between his good philosophical ideas and the teachings brought by Islam, discussing some of his biography, writings, and the merits of his interpretation in the chapter on beliefs, ethics, and goodness.

The stage of development was characterized by the knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence, which began with the era of Wahid Sheikh Behbahani, with the entry of some rational and philosophical terms to the point that the sciences became closely linked to the circulation of those terms. The scholars of Usul borrowed some rational and logical terms to employ and benefit from them in solving a group of puzzles, some of the demands of this science, such as what is required, the Muqtadi, the conditional, the non-eternal cause, the complete, the partial, the alveolar, the power, the action, the self-presentation, the strange presentation and other terms.

During the years of the Fatimid state’s rule, Egypt witnessed prosperity that included several areas, the most important of which was the economic aspect. Egypt became the most important economic and commercial center in the region. We will try to explain this economic policy of the Fatimid state in the pages of this research, which consists of three axes: The first axis discussed the financial resources and expenditures of the Fatimid state, while the second axis was devoted to talking about economic activity, while the third axis shed light on currency (money).

Turkey's geostrategic location made it a place of competition between the Western and Eastern camps, represented by the United States of America and the Soviet Union, which prompted the former to embrace Turkey and provide it with what it needs to ensure its survival, support and implementation of its requirements in a region that is more than important to it, namely the Middle East, and not allowing the Soviet Union to expand or reach it. The importance of the research came as it addresses the period from the beginning of World War II until the issuance of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, as it was a fateful period for European countries and the United States of America on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other hand, in addition to the pressures exerted by the Soviets on Turkey to allow access to it through the waterways that were under Turkish control, namely the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits. The research was divided into an introduction, three axes and a conclusion. The first came to show the Soviet-Turkish relations during World War II, while the second dealt with the Soviet pressures on Turkey to submit to the Soviet demands for freedom of navigation in the Turkish waterways, while the third dealt with the American positions towards Turkey and standing by its side.

The working class in the United States of America was neglected and lived in harsh working conditions, with long working hours and low wages, and in the midst of competition from immigrants who came and competed with them in work, which created unemployment, in addition to the entry of machinery that displaced manual labor because it is faster and more accurate in work. In light of this, workers were pushed to strike in order to obtain their rights with short working hours and high wages, in addition to the participation of working women who suffered the same conditions. This led to the establishment of labor organizations in the form of unions and syndicates, which issued a series of legislation and laws related to industrial safety, child and women labor laws, health insurance, and others. Workers obtained most of their basic rights, including the right to organize unions, the right to strike, and the right to collective bargaining with employers.

The preaching councils in Baghdad in the Abbasid era during the Seljuk rule were then a place of learning and religious and social awareness, and they were widely spread in the various parts of Baghdad, and witnessed a great turnout by people seeking knowledge and learning.

A large number of preachers emerged in this field, who played a role in preaching and guiding people and advising them with what God Almighty commanded and what was revealed to the Messenger Muhammad of the truth.

The mission of preachers at that time was not limited to preaching to the public, but some of them were keen to present sermons to rulers and officials and warn them against neglecting their duty, and if there was fanaticism on the part of some preachers, it was only a result of the foreign occupation, one of whose goals was to stir up sectarian division among the members of society.

The preaching councils remained in the Abbasid era as a scientific and educational institution that provided many benefits to the people of that era.

The history of the Iraqi Communist Party has attracted the attention of researchers, and many scientific theses and dissertations have been written that dealt with the history of the Iraqi Communist Party since its establishment, most of which focused on the political aspect and its role in the Iraqi national movement until 1979.

Despite the studies that dealt with the history of the Iraqi Communist Party, they did not deal with other important aspects of the Communist Party, such as the social and intellectual structure of the party and the minorities that belonged to this party, including the Jews, who were considered one of those important minorities that had an impact on the intellectual path of the party during an important historical period for the Communist Party, which is the period of the forties of the twentieth century, which gave a clear explanation of the role of Iraqi Jews in the party and their adoption of leftist thought and even their extremism in presenting its intellectual ideas.

The researcher divided the research into an introduction and a preface, and adopted the historical sequence of the role of the Jews in the Iraqi Communist Party and their leadership of the party’s central committees in light of the wave of arrests that affected the leaders of the Communist Party. That period was known for the increasing dominance of the Jews over the Iraqi Communist Party and the determination of its positions and paths on internal and Arab issues, including the Palestinian issue, a position supporting the decision to partition Palestine in 1947 and the establishment of the State of “Israel,” which in turn cast a shadow over the position of the Jews within the Iraqi Communist Party.

Britain generally looked at the issue of women and their usurped rights with indifference and lack of interest, so it was necessary to place their issue within the framework of a problem that must be solved immediately, give them their rights, listen to their problems and find appropriate solutions for them. For this reason, the British women’s rights activist, Emmeline Pankhurst, did everything she could to awaken women and urge them to work to confront the difficult circumstances and not submit to them, and to pressure the British Parliament and hold them responsible for what is happening to women in Britain. They must address the matter from its roots by giving them their rights equally with men, including the right to vote, which is one of the most important rights that Emmeline Pankhurst and the women of Britain fought to obtain.

The Bahrain Islands have been known for more than five thousand years and represented a link between the three great civilizations. They extended geographically between the regions of Al-Ahsa, Qatif and the archipelago, reaching Basra in southern Iraq. They gained their economic importance through their geographical location, in addition to the presence of natural pearls and the abundance of fresh water. Because of the economic and strategic importance of Bahrain, invaders from inside and outside the Gulf coveted it, represented by the Ottomans, Safavids, Mamluks in Egypt and the Portuguese. Several countries and families ruled these islands in succession, deriving their authority and influence from their clans and tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. Among those families that ruled Bahrain were Al Jabour 1440-1525. The real and actual founder of this great emirate is Zamil bin Hussein bin Nasser bin Jabr Al Ameri in 1440 AD, after he imposed his actual authority over Al Ahsa, Qatif and large parts of the Najd region. He was the first to lay the foundations of the concept of the state in Bahrain. After him came his son Sheikh Ajoud bin Zamil, whose era represented a period of prosperity, strength and expansion for the Jabour Emirate, which reached its furthest extent in the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf. He was the first to bear the title of (Sultan) and all those who followed in ruling Bahrain achieved prosperity and development for the country until the year 1525 came, which was the actual year of the end of the Jabour state after the events of the killing of Sheikh Muqrin and his burial in Qatif. The star of the Jabour in their sultanate in Bahrain and Qatif faded as they were replaced by Al Fadl and their Sheikh Rashid became the ruler of Basra, Qatif and Ahsa at the same time. Thus, the Jabour state in Bahrain ended with the end of its sultanate.

The aim of the study was to choose the easiest and most accurate cartographic methods in deducing the water network of Anbar Governorate using geographic technologies represented by geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing data (RS) and studying spatial characteristics using various digital sources and outputs represented by digital maps of different scales based on spatial analysis, for the morphometric characteristics and variables of the water network after conducting generalization operations at different scales in order to reach the construction of a geographic database (digital maps) we were able to conduct scientific calibration with a geographic-cartographic concept.

Given the importance of spatial analysis in evaluating hydrological variables and characteristics, it chose the preparation and classification of water network maps in Anbar Governorate as a subject for its study, which is diverse in geographical phenomenon, as this study was distinguished by the use of geographic information systems (GIS) software represented by the program (ArcGISv.9.3) and the ARC MAP TOOLBOX software toolbox and remote sensing data (RS) represented by data The Land sat 8OLI satellite with a resolution of (30) meters for the year 2018 AD, and the digital elevation model DEM with a resolution of (14) meters as well, which was used for the purposes of digital classification, advanced analysis, and derivation of hydrological features, in addition to the data of the American satellite Quickbird2 with high spatial resolution.

The study of the hydrological and geomorphological characteristics of river courses in any place is very important because of their direct relationship

with human activity of all kinds, in order to identify the amount of water flowing in the river and the extent of that amount changing with the change of seasons, as well as identifying the qualitative characteristics of the river, whether chemical or physical, in order to show the suitability of that water for direct human use or various activities. In this research, a study was conducted on part of the Euphrates River between Hit and Fallujah within Anbar Governorate. The research included five topics:

The first topic is the location of the study area, the second topic is the characteristics of the Euphrates River course, the third topic is the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Euphrates River water in the study area, the fourth topic is the geomorphological processes in the Euphrates River course, the fifth topic is the human factors affecting the characteristics of the river and its processes

The study showed that the amount of seasonal and annual discharge changes and is not stable, and it also became clear that the qualitative chemical and physical characteristics are abnormal in all their types, in addition to the change in river work from erosion and sedimentation from one side to another from The river, the reasons for the change are due to natural and human factors due to human intervention in the river’s affairs.

The research aims to represent the problem of housing encroachments in Mosul district (Rashidiya area as a model) and its repercussions on urban development. The availability of adequate housing is one of the basic necessities in the lives of residents, because it is the place that provides comfort and protection for the individual. The natural increase in the population of cities, in addition to migration to the city from outside, has led to the expansion of residential neighborhoods towards the outskirts of the city and increased their spread away from the city center, which has negatively affected the deterioration of the housing reality and increased housing problems, as is the case with other Iraqi cities. The problem of housing shortage is one of the serious problems facing urban societies, and represents one of the crises resulting from the increase and interaction of humans with urban environments and the difficulty of adapting to their requirements. Thus, housing must be accompanied by the provision of necessary services to residents, but in the Rashidiya area, many housing problems have been observed.

The research aims to investigate the impact of educational techniques on developing creative thinking skills for students in the Department of Education. The researcher used the experimental method for the research sample, which is third-stage students - Department of Art Education - College of Basic Education for the academic year 2018-2019. The researcher used a set of statistical methods to find the validity and reliability of the creative thinking scale. The most important results reached by the research are:

The results showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups attributed to the experimental method. This result may be due to educational techniques being important and effective methods in attracting students' attention and prompting them to contemplate the subject's data. This result may also be due to teaching with educational techniques urging the student to discover new expressive angles for artistic elements.

The research is concerned with the media role of websites in covering crises as an event that affects the institution as a whole, addressing the concept of the crisis, its types and characteristics, which differ from the problem, catastrophe and disaster, in addition to the stages of the crisis, which have different effects on the institution at each stage, reaching the discussion of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq referendum crisis from a media perspective due to the importance of the media in society, with its enormous potential to influence the public and the ability to persuade, control and change trends, by choosing the BBC Arabic website to cover the topics of the crisis as a crisis that has exceeded local borders to become a regional and international crisis due to its relationship with neighboring countries and the resulting political, economic and military pressures that accompanied it from its beginning until the end of the crisis.

The media has become the main common thing in our lives. We are used to being exposed to its means on a daily basis, and we deal with it as if it were an essential and indispensable component. In recent years, the media has spread widely in all societies, and the average time that an individual spends with these means has increased, and he has become exposed to them automatically, like the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats.

The media, including satellite channels, play an important role in creating perceptions and convictions among the public through specific methods they adopt in dealing with public affairs. In light of this wide diversity and variety of satellite television channels that reach every home, the ability to control the political vision of the public remains the share of the strongest and most widespread channels, which certainly do not exceed the number of fingers on one hand. Through the media intensification and momentum and the focus on dealing with public affairs internationally and regionally, television channels can become the primary source for the public in the field of obtaining information and viewing opinions, and thus building positions and trends by virtue of the intellectual concepts that they present in a manner consistent with their agendas and general goals.

The importance of this research comes from the importance of the political function, as a number of researchers have indicated that television has become a medium that individuals are exposed to for long periods, and it is possible to benefit from the characteristics of this mass medium to spread culture in society in general, in addition to benefiting from targeting university students for political programs in a way that contributes to raising the level of students and increasing their information and conveying precise and clear preferences about the idea or meaning intended to be conveyed to the recipient individual. The researcher used the survey method that allows surveying the performance of the communication medium and the communication message together, in a manner consistent with the requirements of the research. The questionnaire form was also used as a research tool from the survey method tools to obtain accurate and correct information from sample individuals.

This study aimed to reveal the relationship between learning styles and methods, multiple intelligences, and academic achievement in Arabic language among students of the Arabic Language Department/College of Arts, using a questionnaire as a measurement tool prepared for this purpose. The researcher concluded that:

9% of the sample students consider their highest learning style to be reflective observation.
7% of the sample students consider their highest learning style to be abstract concepts.
5% of the sample students consider their highest learning style to be active experimentation.
9% of the sample students consider their highest learning style to be sensory experience.
The researcher recommended:

Conducting more studies on students studying in higher education institutions in Iraq by studying independent variables that may affect multiple intelligences such as gender, motivation, and type of specialization. And working on introducing the theory of multiple intelligences to schools and higher education institutions in the Republic of Iraq through long training courses and specialized workshops.
Conducting more similar studies on samples of students from community colleges and universities in Iraq with the aim of comparing the types of multiple intelligences.
Training university professors, especially those specializing in the Arabic language, to recognize and understand the learning styles of new students. The training package can be prepared based on the “Kolb and McCarthy” scale.

Al-Durra Al-Yateema by Imam Hassan Al-Sharnabulli is one of the most important books of Hanafi doctrine. It contains very important interpretations and comments on the book (Sharh Al-Kanz)

For this reason, it has a great scientific status for scholars.

Therefore, the researcher wants to conduct a study and authentication of this book.

The research is divided into two parts: The first part deals with the personality of Imam Sharanbulli

The second part deals with the verified text of the Imam, as this research was an old book or a manuscript lying on the shelves. The researcher conducted the verification of this book using modern methods so that the reader can read it and see what is in it of jurisprudential matters.

This is a research that introduces the criticism of a great scholar of the readings, namely Abu al-Fadl Shihab al-Din al-Alusi (may Allah have mercy on him). The nature of the study required that there be two paragraphs, one of which dealt with al-Alusi's position on the chain of transmission of the readings and the individual and continuous transmission in their chain of transmission, and the other dealt with al-Alusi's position on the reading itself based on the sciences of Arabic such as grammar, morphology, phonetics, etc.

I concluded the research with the most important results that the research reached.

In this research, I relied, in addition to the Holy Quran, on the interpretation of Ruh al-Ma'ani by al-Alusi, with the help of other books of interpretation such as the interpretation of al-Tabari, al-Bahr al-Muhit, and the interpretation of al-Baydawi, etc., in addition to books of readings such as al-Nashr fi al-Qira'at al-'Ashr, and Qawa'id Naqd al-Qira'at al-Qur'an, in addition to books of grammar such as al-Kitab, al-Muqtabas, and Hashiyat al-Sabban, etc.

The primary goal of this research is to study Iraqi EFL learners’ collocation performance at Al-Iraqya University/ College of Arts/ English Department. Those learners encounter barriers using collocations in their English texts (written and spoken contexts) on the two phases; recognition phase and production phase. Not being aware of the sufficient skill to use collocations in a context when their existence is necessary to deliver the exact meaning could cause misunderstanding of some or even whole material. Thus, the study utilizes the Bandura’s theory (1986) ‘theory of planned behavior’. The survey is of the type of a self-administered questionnaire, which is the major method for the data collection. The questionnaire has two parts; the demographic part that supports a general background of the students, and the other part is subdivided into two parts: the first branch asks questions that investigate the theoretical part of the study like their interest in observing English contexts and the time they consume per week on such practice. The other branch contains 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQ) of English collocations. The participants of the study were 48 Iraqi students at the fourth stage at the English Department. The findings exposed that the learners who show more efficiency English collocations appear to have longer experience in surfing the net and watching English texts whether visual, audio, written, or a combination of two or more of such aspects. In addition to the importance of the current study to the literature, it grants a pedagogical contribution to the academic fields.