journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract:
The purpose of this research highlight the achievement of the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises dimensions and conformable to analyze the relationship between business strategies and human resources management strategies , and launched search of a dilemma thought provoking fundamental questions revolve around the search is the lack of appropriate strategies in these enterprises to help them continuity and permanence in business and markets , as these enterprises lack the human resources management strategies appropriate , as well as business strategies that make them withstand the changes in the market environment is changing and volatile . It was to answer those questions through a theoretical framework for the variables search first and test models of the relationship and impact secondly through four hypotheses major , The objective of the research towards the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises with its various dimensions , according to the analysis of the relationship business strategies , and strategies for human resource management , out framework systematic intellectual brings together more dimensions and concepts , and try to test the Iraqi environment to embrace these modern concepts , following the descriptive analytical method . The researcher job questionnaire was selected a random sample of 100 people from the managers and staff responsible for these enterprises and directors of the jurisdiction of these projects in the Ministry of Planning and Labour and Social Affairs , and the hypothesis is the main research has addressed the extent of the impact the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises , the relationship between business strategies and strategies human resources management. The reported findings that human resources management strategies affect the effectiveness of the small and medium enterprises positive and morally, and the impact of the effectiveness of enterprises in business strategies positive and morally as well, and in addition to that it had reached the search to a set of conclusions , the most important is that the experience to create small and medium enterprises in Iraq is the experience of a young , not in the sense it is a new idea , but youthful experience of the state, which requires the support of this kind of projects and attention to their quality and development , as well as the development of human resources in which they operate , has included research five axes went first to the methodology and the second for framing theoretical and third analyze and discuss the exploratory to the field of small and medium - sized projects in Iraq, while the fourth dedicated diagnostic variables basic research and test hypotheses , and finally came fifth to introduce the conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract
Quality function deployment tool is trying to improve health services through this study that will be applied in health sector environment , and be based on applying quality function deployment tool (QFD) TO preferable evaluation of main patients requirements in order to determine the technical requirements that need most attention across improving and developing health services .
Main requirements are determined to patients lying in the hospital (under research) which is (educational Baghdad \ medicine city office) in Baghdad, and other technical requirements through personal inter views to patients and doctors of different specializations. In addition, checklists are prepared to evaluate the requirements availability in each hospital (under research) against other information related to other competitor hospital (private alrahebat hospital) .the study has depended on quality function deployment tool QFD as an entrance which direct hospital attention toward efficient improvement of health service. The research has com into asset of conclusions , the most important of them are the possibility of applying quality function deployment tool in meeting the patients requirements and to technical requirements availability for the hospital previously mentioned ,weakness in accrete determination of patient requirements that is due to in coincidence even it is relative between patient and hospital (under research) finally ,the steady has concluded a set of recommendations of them , they have to adopt tools contributing in improving health services like quality function deployment , also they should adopt plans for improving medical services quality presented in medicine city office hospitals to meet patients needs in away superior to that services presented by the private hospitals.

Abstract
Quality function deployment tool is trying to improve health services through this study that will be applied in health sector environment , and be based on applying quality function deployment tool (QFD) TO preferable evaluation of main patients requirements in order to determine the technical requirements that need most attention across improving and developing health services .
Main requirements are determined to patients lying in the hospital (under research) which is (educational Baghdad \ medicine city office) in Baghdad, and other technical requirements through personal inter views to patients and doctors of different specializations. In addition, checklists are prepared to evaluate the requirements availability in each hospital (under research) against other information related to other competitor hospital (private alrahebat hospital) .the study has depended on quality function deployment tool QFD as an entrance which direct hospital attention toward efficient improvement of health service. The research has com into asset of conclusions , the most important of them are the possibility of applying quality function deployment tool in meeting the patients requirements and to technical requirements availability for the hospital previously mentioned ,weakness in accrete determination of patient requirements that is due to in coincidence even it is relative between patient and hospital (under research) finally ,the steady has concluded a set of recommendations of them , they have to adopt tools contributing in improving health services like quality function deployment , also they should adopt plans for improving medical services quality presented in medicine city office hospitals to meet patients needs in away superior to that services presented by the private hospitals.

Abstract:
the system of Administrative Control in organizations meets the need to check on the optimal use and proper resources and conservation to achieve the objectives sought by the organization, hence the system of Administrative Control is part of the overall system in any organization that has undergone evolution always to be able to keep up with progress in the development of other sciences, and that the growth of coherence between subordinates in the organization means the ability to influence the opinions, ideas and attitudes to change it for directions the organization and its values and this is reflected positively on the coherence of the organization, the researcher interest of the impact of administrative control in the cohesion of subordinates within the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and the researcher used a random sample of the total (254) Questionnaires to measure variables Using package SPSS ready, and most important finding is a correlation extrusive High somewhat between management control and cohesion of subordinates and the level of significantly as well as the existence of the effect of controlled administrative consolidation of subordinates, and the presence of the coherence of professional and social high among subordinates, thus enhancing their performance and their work within the formations of the ministry, the most important recommendation is the need to Ministry's interest in promoting the degree of coherence between subordinates and maximize it and the ministry of making the movements of a cadre between formations ministry for outstanding elite cadres winning high cohesion with all other subordinates below that level to activate these coherence and the transfer of expertise and knowledge in the field.

Abstract
Corruption has become the subject of great interest, and the subject of research and scrutiny in recent years, because of its penetration in all fields of life, whether these fields are political, economic, social, and administrative. It is one of the biggest challenges and problems that are facing communities. Therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of measures implementing the national strategy to combat corruption in Iraq.
This study was launched, first because of its intellectual dimensions to ensure a conceptual presentation of the strategy and operational management in general with a special focus on the processes of implementation and control strategy which reveals the importance of the research topic.As for the other practical dimension, there were two issues included, in the first one a checklist finder was used to measure the determinants and indicators of success in the implementation of the national strategy for combating corruption. This is done through a field study to assess the measures of implementing the national strategy to combat corruption in some ministries that represent both sectors (i.e. production and service sectors). These represent the ministries of oil, industry and minerals, health, labor and social affairs. Such work can be approached by conducting interviews with ten members of each ministry who have a role in the implementation of the national strategy to combat corruption, while working, at the same time on the second sector to ensure the display of the percentage of completion for the years (2010,2011, 2012) to address the negative phenomena diagnosed in the national strategy to combat corruption of the surveyed guidelines.

Abstract
This research aimed to examine the correlation and influence of leader-member exchange in the organizational citizenship behavior in the existence of organizational trust as mediator variable among workers in ministry of migration and displaced, has been collecting data and information relating to research by designing questionnaire was distributed to the stratified random sample included (56) member of the workers in the ministry mentioned, and through the use of several statistical method were the main findings of research was the existence of a correlation relationship and influence between leader- member exchange and organizational trust, while the results confirmed no correlation and influence exist between leader- member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior. The research ended with a group of Conclusions The most prominent of the organizational trust important role in increasing the impact of leader- member exchange of the Organizational Citizenship Behavior, And it recommended that research on the need for the Planning Directorate in the Ministry of Displacement and Migration work poll periodically to the views of staff for the running of the ministry and the relationship between supervisor and there Subordinates, it would provide for the heads of sources to develop their performance as well as enhance their openness and transparency, which requires that takes presidents including posed by subordinates of Notesand ideas.

Abstract
The research aims to study and assess the effectiveness of preventive measures banking for the reduction of money laundering based on the checklist (Check list), which have been prepared based on the paragraphs of some of the principles and recommendations of international and Money Laundering Act No. 93 of 2004 and the instructions thereto, to examine and assess the application of these measures by Gulf Commercial Bank, which was chosen to perform the search.
I've been a statement the concept of money laundering in terms of the definition and characteristics, stages and effects of political, economic and social as well as the nature of banking supervision in terms of the definition and the most important objectives and its importance was then assess the Bank's commitment to the chosen preventive measures control for the reduction of money laundering.
One of the most important conclusions that have been reached are not sufficient knowledge of some indicators of bank workers suspected some banking transactions , in addition to the weakness of the bank 's commitment to sample some preventive measures for the prevention and reduction of money - laundering operations .
The most important recommendations that the researcher recommended attention they should develop the skills of workers in the bank to pay attention to preventive measures in order to combat money laundering through rehabilitation and training , as well as the adoption of the Bank's management policies and mechanisms include the development of procedures for reporting any process suspected , as well as forcing employees to obtain full information about customers and identify their activities and their physical potential , with special tightening control on some of the activities and banking operations and movements of some accounts that arise around the doubts and private money transfers without obvious reasons .

Abstract
The interest in the intellectual capital and its development is a civilized necessity imposed by the requirements of the times and cannot imagine an advanced society in its potential productivity in poor efficiency of human capital,and features the work environment change permanently, putting management of financial companies against a constant challenge toward cope with new developments in this changing environment and this is not taken unless owned by these companies a qualified human resources and the provision of Culture organizers have, which manifested itself with the research problem by the following two questions:
1. Did the intellectual capital value specific financial and quantifiable data on the use of the financial situation of the companies and their financial markets environment?
2. Did the value of intellectual capital in the event of corporate profitability measured explain variation as one in which the dimensions of the financial performance are materialized?
The aim of the research into the possibility of measuring intellectual capital quantitative research into the possibility of measuring intellectual capital using quantitative measurements of financial sense to try the financial evaluation of the intangible assets of the knowledge of thecompanies studied sample. Experimental Investigation of the relationship between the value of the intellectual capital and the profitability of a number of Iraqi companies listed and traded in the Iraqi market for securities and to investigate the nature of that relationship, thedirection and the significance.
The research sample is consisted of (30) of the total company Iraqi companies listed and traded in the Iraqi, which are (73) companies in 2012. The most prominent results are the validity of the model test in the interpretation of the relationship between the value of intellectual capital and financial performance of the companies studied focusing on profitability, and forecast the trends expected future after he demonstrated regression results of statistically significant between the variables studied in the light of repeat testing process because of the multiplicity of measurements of profitability through the use of standard return on assets and return on the right of ownership, and then the direction as supplemented strongly exponential relationship between the two variables studied. With regard to the recommendations of the research, it has emerged; including the need to investigate the question of whether it was possible to conduct prospective studies focused on the study of each component of intellectual capital, individually and collectively, with its effect on the financial performance and then find out the most influential component in it.

Abstract :
The paper aims to measure the impact of monetary policy on price stability , by testing the causal relationship between the money supply, inflation rate and the exchange rate , In order to prove that the inflation is a monetary phenomenon in the Iraqi economy , and that the exchange rate is controlled in the money supply , the money supply as an endogenous variable continued we found by using the standard tests to the existence of a single co-integration between the money supply and the rate of inflation and the money supply and the parallel exchange rate, This confirms the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables , It also confirmed the results of the vector error correction model (VECM) for the existence of a long-term causal relationship, one-way from the money supply to inflation. This confirms that inflation in the Iraqi economy a monetary phenomenon and that the expansion in the money supply may hurt economic stability . And also the existence of a causal relationship long-term, the direction of one of the parallel exchange rate to the money supply, Which refers to the exchange rate effect on economic stability . And demonstrates the use of the exchange rate channel, mainly by monetary policy to transfer the monetary effect economic activity .

Abstract:
Form recurrence of financial crises phenomenon disturbing and attention , and returns the reasons so that its negative effects were sharp and dangerous , because of the nature and cause of Ncaha , threatened political and economic stability of the countries in which they occur these crises , in addition to Machmlh these crises spread of contagion across multiple channels to include other countries many developed and developing , and the reason for this to the openness of the economic and financial witnessed by the countries affected by crises and other countries concerned, the financial crisis is a case of financial turmoil appears in one of the sections of the financial system one and extends to
the regulations and other states within the country of the crisis spreading to other countries, depending on the severity The depth of the crisis. That the Iraqi economy is not in isolation from all these financial crises , the economy is the Iraqi economy is unilateral ( yield ) because of its heavy dependence and increasing returns of crude oil as a source of financing of the public budget
, as it constitutes oil revenues, the largest and most important of the proceeds from general revenues compared to other income in Iraq , as the form of oil revenues accounted for 90 % of the proceeds from general revenues and weak contribution of tax revenue and other income in the outcome of overall revenues , which reflects the extent of the imbalance in the structure of public revenues , and that one of the negative effects of financial crises recession associated with crises , which is reflected clearly on global demand for crude oil , and thus drive up the prices of crude oil , and therefore, the exposure rate this resource economic turmoil will affect the outcome of the oil revenues and the Iraqi economy as a whole makes it vulnerable to these financial crises as a result of the low price of crude oil in the market.
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Summary
The investment government expenditure is considered the fundamental of enhancing the economic activity as it has become a mean for achieving capital accumulation in all economic sectors, The Iraqi economy is characterized of being yield unilateral depending petroleum revenues as an essential resource of financing government expenditure , as the contribution of petroleum sector in GDP is large in proportions to other economic sectors contribution.
The relationship between investing government expenditure, and non-oil GDP is about to be not existent during the period of the research on the long term, and the reason is the economic sanctions imposed which left negative effects on Iraq economic representing in the decrease of employment levels in the Iraqi sectors , the decrease of productive capacities in commodity sectors ( agricultural - industrial ) and other reasons , After U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003,new economic features have emerged representing in infrastructure collapse for the most economic and, the decrease of the investments presented to be sustained and expanded for the purpose of their fittnss with population increases and economic and social developments ,
the continuity yield style of and non- productive of the economic policy trends which contributed in deterioration of commodity sectors , particularly agricultural and industrial , and the accumulation of yield service of Iraqi economy for the benefit of defense and security activities that brought a continuous increase in consumption expenditure at the expense of investing expenditure in productive and development fields ,in addition to that the prevalence of financial and administrative corruption in all economic, managerial and security government activities , and the lack of suitable investing environment that is of a direct role in the decrease of production and hence, the weakness of its contribution in non-oil GDP

Abstract:
Corruption is a phenomenon that exists in all times and places, they appear in the developing countries and in developed countries, and in all political systems. And its repercussions and economic repercussions on the society in which it is rampant, and lead to the undermining of economic development and obstruction, is also working on increasing poverty and unemployment, as well as its role in the worsening of social problems, and political instability. And corruption is deviant behavior is illegal and contrary to the teachings of the religious and moral values. The emergence of this phenomenon is due to several reasons, including political, economic, social and cultural. Which may be internal or external source and this is what leads to serious effects in the structure of economic and social development of States. The spread of the phenomenon of corruption in developing countries, the main reason for the spread of the phenomenon of underdevelopment, which is reflected in all aspects of life, and lead to a waste of economic and financial resources, and the loss of time and effort, which led to the loss of the opportunity to progress and prosperity in these countries. Because of the serious implications of these reports agreed to international organizations and local bodies to fight the phenomenon of corruption in those countries, including the Iraq. That's where corrupt behavior has spread all Iraqi governmental institutions because of what passed by the economic blockade and long wars and occupation of the U.S., leaving significant effects on the behavior of public servants in particular and on the behavior of members of the community to Nhuaam, which contributed to the low rates of investment, both domestic or foreign, Fady to lower investment projects that can accommodate the economically active workforce, That reflected the worsening of unemployment in Iraq.

Abstract
Analysis the economic and financial phenomena and other requires to build the appropriate model, which represents the causal relations between factors. The operation building of the model depends on Imaging conditions and factors surrounding an in mathematical formula and the Researchers target to build that formula appropriately. Classical linear regression models are an important statistical tool, but used in a limited way, where is assumed that the relationship between the variables illustrations and response variables identifiable. To expand the representation of relationships between variables that represent the phenomenon under discussion we used Varying Coefficient Models (VCM) as it assumes the effects of variables illustrations be variable adoption of another explanatory variable. These structural avoided what is known as Curse of Dimensionality, which appears when we used nonparametric methods in estimation. We estimate the varying coefficients by using nonparametric methods which is the Local Polynomial Kernel (LPK) and Penalized Spline (PS), and by using simulation technique for comparison we found that the LPK method is the best.

Abstract
We have studied Bayesian method in this paper by using the modified exponential growth model, where this model is more using to represent the growth phenomena. We focus on three of prior functions (Informative, Natural Conjugate, and the function that depends on previous experiments) to use it in the Bayesian method. Where almost of observations for the growth phenomena are depended on one another, which in turn leads to a correlation between those observations, which calls to treat such this problem, called Autocorrelation, and to verified this has been used Bayesian method.
The goal of this study is to knowledge the effect of Autocorrelation on the estimation by using Bayesian method. For verifying the goal has been used the simulation technique where has been generated random samples with known parameters and different values of correlation. It has been shown from the computational results that all result has been affected by the values of correlation coefficients used to generate the data, and there is a clear proof and regularity of the sensitivity for Bayesian estimators by Autocorrelation with increase the size of sample.

Abstract
The research aims to measure the accounting conservatism practice of listed companies in the Iraq stock exchange using Basu model to measure the degree of accounting conservatism in a sample of companies of (21) companies for the period from 2007 to 2011, the researcher found that most of the listed companies in the market exercised accounting conservatism when measurement and disclosure of the result of the activity and financial position and there is a variation in the degree of accounting conservatism between economic sectors , which included banking , investment , insurance , industry , agriculture , tourism and hotels.
Because the practice of accounting conservatism properly contribute to enhancing the quality of earnings and the efficiency of debt contracts, the researcher recommended the need to emphasize the awareness of users of financial statements in general , investors and lenders in particular , the effects and implications of good practice of accounting conservatism on their decisions economic and comes through intensification of efforts between the relevant authorities and of Iraq stock exchange and the accounting standards and oversight board in Iraq and other professional organizations through a number of courses and symposiums for the purpose of clarifying the importance of good practice of accounting conservatism , as well as the establishment of the Iraq stock exchange to compel the companies to application of the accounting conservatism and make it a condition of listing on the stock market in order to strengthen the companies commitment of accounting conservatism when measurement and disclosure of the result of the activity and financial position to ensure a higher level of conservatism and thus contributing to enhancing the quality of financial disclosure of financial statements.

Abstract
Measuring the efficiency of postgraduate and undergraduate programs is one of the essential elements in educational process. In this study, colleges of Baghdad University and data for the academic year (2011-2012) have been chosen to measure the relative efficiencies of postgraduate and undergraduate programs in terms of their inputs and outputs. A relevant method to conduct the analysis of this data is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The effect of academic staff to the number of enrolled and alumni students to the postgraduate and undergraduate programs are the main focus of the study.