Economic Sciences

With the increasing intensity of competition between organizations as a result of the rapid and continuous changes in the diverse demands of customers, the need has emerged to find ways to improve production processes and provide environmentally friendly products that are among the factors that drive the adoption of the concept of sustainable production by creating a state of relative balance between considered sustainability As sustainable production and dynamic capabilities together constitute the primary driver for all activities and tasks that the organization intends to undertake to achieve its goals and keep pace with technical developments related to its activities as well as dealing with all sudden changes and rapid fluctuations In the business environment, and achieving sustainable competitive advantage is one of the challenges that the organization needs to address to help it grow, stay in work and invest resources in the best way, and this leads us to reveal the relationship between sustainable production as an independent variable and dynamic capabilities as a mediating variable to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The current study problem was embodied by a fundamental question, to what extent does sustainable production affect the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage through the intermediate variable and dynamic capabilities? The importance of the current study stems from focusing on a vital and important sector, such as the plastic industry, which plays an important role in supporting the economic activity of the country and its development. Therefore, studying these variables combined will help the organization under study to raise the level of its products provided to customers, and based on the development of a hypothetical model of the study that reflects the nature of Relationships and influence between variables, as the Basra Plastic Industries Factory was chosen as a field of study, and based on the importance of the current study, as the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the study sample consisted of (80) individuals, and the questionnaire was used as a lung tool In order to obtain the necessary data and information from the study sample, and in order to process data and test the hypotheses of the study, a set of statistical methods were used and the results were extracted using the ready statistical program (SPSS V.25, AMOS V.25). The study also reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that supporting top management is the main pillar for building a sustainable competitive advantage through their support and support for sustainable production, as fully sustainable competitive advantage arises from multiple impacts from sustainable production, and the greatest impact in achieving sustainable competitive advantage.

The research aims to identify creative accounting practices and diagnose its role in hiding the real cost of the product in the study sample represented by the General Company for Southern Refineries and to determine a cost that is compatible with the goals and interests of the company to increase the company’s profits which is due to the increase in employee shares of profits and a statement of the extent of the impact of creative accounting practices in misleading the cost of the product The study found, along with its practical application, that there are practices of creative accounting through applying the Miller ratio model and doing analytical procedures to demonstrate the role of these practices in shading the cost of the product in the company so that the researcher comes out with the most important conclusions The theory, process, and recommendations for the purpose of achieving the study hypothesis according to the methodology that was developed.

Natural gas is one of the clean energy sources compared to other energy sources (coal, oil) after the process of treatment and filtering of impurities, so Qatar occupies the third position in the world in the reserves of natural gas after Russia and Iran, and it is one of the countries that have the global lead in the field of industry And exporting LNG globally and is the leading country in its industry for more than a decade, it plays the main role in the world for LNG at the level of Asian countries and is considered the largest importer, Europe and the Americas, and it seeks to enhance its share in the global market and increase its production and bridge the barrier of competition After its withdrawal from OPEC, the oil exporting countries in order to focus on the natural gas industry, and this gives them the strength of character to make significant progress in the LNG industry in light of the increase in global demand for natural gas, which will grow at a higher rate than oil and coal, and thus reflects This is an abundant financial resource that can fulfill the requirements of the Qatari national economy by distributing and investing those financial returns on achieving a set of economic, social and environmental indicators. In order to achieve the vision of the national economy.

Additive manufacturing technology is one of the most important advanced manufacturing technologies and is considered one of the contemporary intellectual approaches in the field of production and operations management for its vital and essential role in providing a set of economic, social and for the organization that uses this technology. Therefore, the present study was presented to focus on the most important advanced manufacturing technology, which is the added manufacturing technology, which is one of the input of knowledge and intellectuals in training and the cognitive and application framework. The researchers developed the research problem through the results of unstructured interviews conducted by researchers from the organization in question, which showed the existence of a number of challenges and difficulties the company faces in implementing and applying additional manufacturing. The research problem was represented by a series of questions, the most important of which were: What are the application mechanisms? AMT technology in the organization in question What are the determinants of the transformation of the organization in question into AMT technology? The researchers adopted a questionnaire that was developed according to many previous research contributions after adapting them to the requirements of current research. The two researchers tested their validity and statistical validity. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between additive manufacturing technology and creative business models. The research recommended that the aforementioned company apply additional manufacturing technology to improve its competitiveness.

The provision of housing units for individuals and their families in the community is the responsibility of the state and in the introduction of these poor segment and those with limited income because these slides are the most numerous and widespread within the framework of the Iraqi society and that the provisioning process is embodied in several ways included what goes into the communities and allocated to it within public budgets or come through the provision and distribution of residential lands at nominal cost and then provide financial support through real estate loans provided by institutions and banks concerned with the real estate sector such roads will lead to increased production of residential units and reduce the negative effects of the housing crisis because the smallest social unit which is reflected in the achievement of stability and economic social and psychological individuals and their families and then to the community as a whole

Iraq has suffered from the housing crisis for decades ago . In spite the former governments have set solutions , but that was not practical where the crisis is not solved . There for the banking loans have played a modest role in this respect although the housing fund has offered long – term loans spanned to 15 years where it is looking to solve the crisis entirely .

The Chinese economy represent an one of the largest emerging economies in recent decades, it ranks second after the United States of America as the largest importer of commodities, goods and raw materials at the level of the year, and ranked first in terms of goods and commodities exported globally during the year (2017) . That’s why china has transformed in recent decades from a developing country to the largest economy threatening the US economic hegemony over the world in the industrial and commercial fields. The transnational Chinese companies have entered in competition with their American counterparts in various sectors and markets. China has achieved these economic booms by following economic policies that encourage openness and integration with emerging markets, as it works to implement these trade policies in reality through its launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, which opens wide development horizons for countries through which the International Silk Road tracks pass, including Iraq by project port alfaw alkabir and dry aqueduct if it joins this initiative.

The study aimed to evaluate the level of Production quality using the types of errors in a statistical and fast way, which depends in analyzing data provided by production lines.
Therefore, the researcher depends on the sampling of final product and inspection, then classifying defects in to categories are consistent with the nature of the product, stick down a degree per classification and then determines the quality level, it can be returned for each period and then comparing periods and noticing the difference between periods.
This method has been applied to a production (printed) in directorate of Dar Al Kutub for Printing and Publishing - University of Basra.
The study concluded that the percentage of output quality for the product (printed) ranges between (90 -100%) is within quality level which is excellent in condition and that the directorate's plan was effective and influential in the development of its products.
Keywords: Quality Level , Demerit system , Demerits per production unit .