Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research

Tremendous studies have been proposed to optimize PI controller based Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve the speed performance of DC motor commonly required in robotic applications. In PID controller, there are very few studies to overcome the drawbacks of classical GA, besides little pay attention to improving the speed performance of a DC motor to be measured in the microsecond unit. The main target is to maximize reduction step response characteristics, by proposing to design and fabricate a high speed proportional integral controller system (HSPICS). The primary methodology includes three sub methodologies using several new techniques and procedures to achieve three objectives. Firstly, to propose an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) to enhance the performance for better searching constraints for PI controller. Secondly, generate VHDL based Simulink model without needing expensive software. Finally, integrate the proposed controller-based on FPGA_SoC using Embedded Coder and FPGA in the loop (FIL) techniques to run the design based model. To show the effectiveness of the proposal, it was used three different DC motors. Simulation results show that the proposed controller achieves much higher reduction step response ratios (RSRR) compared with classical GA and PSO, further shortened step response characteristics to be measured in the microsecond unit. Analyzing the performance demonstrates that the RSRR has been enhanced for motors 1, 2, and 3 by 8, 9, and 35 times over classical GA, and 3, 3, and 10 over PSO, respectively. The comparison response time results between simulation and experimental for the studied motors show that the steady state time ratios (SST) were minimized significantly.

Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in the sand mold. Magnesium alloys were added inside the sand mold within the casting stream and in the casting cavity for casting production. Specific weights were added and experiments were performed to determine the fusible chemical composition appropriate for preparing ductile cast iron. The study proved that adding magnesium alloys inside the sand mold, whether inside the mold cavity or in the casting channel, is both a successful method for producing ductile iron alloys. It is possible to produce different types of ductile iron by controlling the ratio of alloy additions to the molten metal content during casting.

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is released as an accidental product in large quantities and is classified as solid waste and has negative effects on the environment to benefit from these wastes and achieve an environmental and economic return, this research was carried out to study the effect of cement dust produced from Kufa Cement Factory on the properties of concrete by preparing four concrete mixtures by adding cement dust as a partial substitute for cement in proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and comparing it with the reference mixture and conduct the ripening process for ages 7, 28, and 90 days, a set of tests were carried out: (compressive strength, slump, hardening time, density, absorption, porosity, The results of the tests showed, in general, a decrease in the compressive strength, slump and density of concrete, an increase in the water percentage, the initial hardening time, porosity and absorption with an increasing the percentage of addition of cement dust, but by a small amount to 10%, and the percentage of increase or decrease becomes more clear when the percentage of adding cement dust is increased by more than 10%. , on the level of laboratory application, a hollow block was produced by pressing method with an added percentage of cement dust (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of the weight of the cement, a compression and absorption resistance test was conducted, and the results were in accordance with the approved specification and for all percentages of addition.

The study the hardness, wear corrosion resistance of as-coating, heat treatment and plasma-nitriding of Ni- B electroless coatings was deposit on 4340 steel. After the procees of coating, samples were plasma-nitriding in percentage hydrogen/nitrogen ratio (50%), in the temperature 400°C, at 4 hours were compared with heat treatment. characterization by of FESEM, XRD, microhardness, Corrosion Resistance and surface roughness measurements. Microhardness was show highest hardness of 1050 HV was obtained for Ni-B plasma-nitriding formula whereas the greatest hardness of 800 HV was become for sample of Ni-B heat treated. Ni-B coating is used in the enhancement of properties of the corrosion of AISI 4340 steel is due to the thickness of electroless deposition, which is uniform, and the cold of Ni-B coating to act as an active barrier between corrosion media and metal, it should be noted that the value of Ecorr is less negative and the rate of corrosion and Icorr is lower on the plated sample than on the uncoated sample. The rate of the wear for samples is decrement by plasma-nitriding with deposition time at (4h) and the temperature 400°C. Rate of wear for the materials depends not just into condition of wear test, but also with several properties of material and features as topography, hardness and friction coefficient.

Thermosetting foam had a number of advantage in comparison with unfoamed polymer such as lightweights, higher specifics strength, and stiffness. In this work, preparations and characterizations of polymers foams from polyurethanes have carrying out by means of one shot methods for productions of microcellulars polymers that are using in the lower limp application. Many type of polyols (Local commercial market, Quickmast 110, and Quickmast 120) at equivalents ratios of (isocyanate:polyol) [1:1] mixing with 5 drops of distill water as chemicals blowing agent. Different amounts of epoxy resin [2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%] mixing with polyol using a magnetic stirrer for 30 min at 50 °C and 30 rpm. The hardener mixing with isocyanates in another container. These two solutions were mixing together, then water was added and mixing by hand to form polyurethane/ epoxy blend foam sample. The mechanical characteristics [hardness, tensile and compression] tests were achieved to display the effects of polyol type, epoxy concentration on the mechanical characteristics of the final product. The results of mechanical characteristics increasing with additions of epoxy resin at the best ratio is 7.5 wt%.

There are a wide range of temperatures wasted in some Iraqi factories ranging from low to medium to high grades, offset by a wide variety of generation techniques and liquids that can be used, this diversity allows us to choose the appropriate generation techniques (and fluids type) with the available waste heat in our factories, allowing us to make the maximum benefit of this wasted thermal energy in accordance with the recommendations of the International Energy Conference. All over Iraq, thermal waste is an abundant source of emission-free power that is frequently overlooked. It is a byproduct of industrial processes that could lower energy costs and reduce overall emissions from electric generation. The thermal waste is produced as long as the operation running. Producing electrical power from thermal waste would help to reduce energy costs. This research paper will explain and discuss choosing the appropriate technology between the three suggested technologies. In addition, the paper will discuss choosing the appropriate organic liquid for (Organic Rankine Cycle) ORC to recover the heat and transform it into an energy based on the waste temperature of some Iraqi industries. Also, it will discuss the choice of appropriate technology for the quantity and quality of this heat. That would help to reduce the waste of energy and air pollution.

Aluminum is one of the most versatile engineering metals, finding its use in a variety of fields including construction, architecture, aerospace, automotive, consumer products, and many more. The high demand for aluminum production is driven by its advantageous physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Additionally, aluminum can be recycled using processes that require only a fraction of the energy required for primary production. Aluminum recycling is primarily accomplished by melting in foundries. In some aluminum foundries, a large amount of energy is lost due to poor insulation and an inaccurate knowledge of the crucible temperature. This project focused on designing a safe, efficient electric aluminum foundry. Using theoretical calculations, an electric foundry was designed to melt 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~9 MJ of energy. A prototype was successfully fabricated and tested with attention to the structural, thermal, and electrical design aspects. Experiments showed that the foundry was capable of melting 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~11 MJ of energy, which was close to the theoretical calculations. The normalized energy usage of the foundry was ~6.9 MJ per kg of pure aluminum produced, which compares well with benchmarked aluminum recycling foundries.

In this research, COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation program was used to calculate the drag coefficients and lift (Cd & CL) for two-dimensional model and the glide ratio (GR) or so-called CL/Cd ratio for five airfoils (namely: NACA 2412, NACA 2415, NACA 2418, NACA 4412, and NACA 4415) with two criteria (Reynolds\'s No. 1 × 105 and 2 × 105). We obtained multiple data from the parameters above by changing the angle of attack (α) each time from 0° to 10°. After that, a comparison was made among all date to obtain the highest glide ratio of all airfoils. Moreover, we obtained the highest stability in angle adjustment during operation. The results drawn as diagrams to understand the relationships. The results give us a hint of which airfoil is preferable to use due to wind velocity whether it is high or low and thus can be related to weather conditions in Iraq. Moreover, we can decide which airfoil is the optimum due to the angle of attack adjustment when the angle reaches its optimum value of glide ratio.

Kiln dust material is collected during the manufacturing process of cement industry. It is considered as a waste material and poses environmental pollution. The properties of Kiln dust material depend on the kind of raw materials and fuel used. It is considered as a waste material This study focuses on the utilization the waste materials for ceramic products (bricks and tiles). The efficiency parameters (percentage of raw materials, additives, and firing temperature) during manufacture of the samples. Different amount of Kiln dust materials (20, 30 and 40) % were mixed with red kaolin clay and 10% (Na2CO3) is added to reduce firing temperature as a catalyst to prepare glassy phase. The samples were prepared by semi-dry press at a pressure 250 Kg/cm2 in two molds, cylinder (3.5 × 10 cm2) and square (5 × 5 cm2) for brick and tile respectively. Theses samples were dried at room temperature for 48 h. and at 110 °C for 24 hr. then, fired in muffle furnace at different firing temperatures (1050, 1100 and 1150 °C). The properties of ceramic materials after firing are produced a new material modifying in properties, and it is desirable stability of the product during the manufacture, as well as, firing temperature of the samples are very influential parameter on the physical and mechanical properties. Using kiln dust material with red kaolin clay, needs to high firing temperature up to 1150 °C, but the presence Na2CaCO3 in sample aid to decrease firing temperature to 1100 °C, with maintain requirement [1, 2, 3], fixing the addition of kiln dust material should not exceed 30%.

This study investigates the feasibility of installing a waste heat recovery system (WHR) in a cement factory in Iraq using the organic thermal Rankine cycle (ORC). Heat losses in the cement industries represent high energy consumption percentages of the total energy inputs. The production of clinker is a sub-process in the cement manufacturing plant and consumes three quarters of the total energy used as heat from combustion. The main sources of waste heat in the cement plant are identified, from these sources of waste heat from the kiln surface to the air, hot air coming out of the clinker cooler, and preheating exhaust gases. It is possible to obtain the total waste heat from these sources in the range of 35-40% of the total heat input. This waste heat energy can be exploited by installing a waste heat recovery system in these plants to generate electricity. It is possible to generate electrical energy by 5.9 MW. When using an organic system to recycle hot gases in plants whose daily production is up to 6000 tons, the installation of such a system could lead to saving 82.5 tons of fuel oil consumption per day, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 99.12 tons per day.

In this study, mechanical tests were performed on a Chinese car bumper of the Chery model, which was chosen for examination due to its widespread use in Iraqi streets. It was also compared to the best specimens obtained in these study stages. Glass fiber mats and nanoparticles have been mixed with the unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) in two stages. In the first stage, the fibers have been mixed with a volume fraction of 14% and the mechanical properties have been calculated. In the second stage, different weight fractions of nanoparticles of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) were added to the mixture, and the mechanical tests were recalculated. The experimental test\'s results illustrated that the tensile strength, fracture toughness, and damping ratio of the composite material were enhanced when mixing 14% vf of glass fiber mats with unsaturated polyester resin by about (285.85%, 207.56%, and 100%) respectively, compared to the car bumper, while the ratio of impact resistance decreased by about (-24.55%). The same tests were repeated after adding different weight fractions (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%) of (ZrO2) and it was observed that adding the nanoparticles had a significant effect on the mechanical properties since at first, it improved them until the nanoparticles ratio reached 2.5 wt.%, but any higher addition than this ratio caused a decrease in the enhancement of the mechanical properties. Thus, it was found that adding 2.5 wt.% nanoparticles gave us the best improvement in the tensile strength, impact resistance, fracture toughness, and damping ratio by about (436.32%, 47.28%, 438.66%, and 52.3%) respectively, compared to the car bumper properties.

Ceratophyllum plant covers most waterways, including lined channels and trenches. This plant causes a loss in the amount of runoff, velocity of water in the channels, and reduces the drainage rates. This research aims to design and manufacture a machine to clean the water intake outlet for the filtering station of Karbala drinking water by removing plankton, Ceratophyllum plant and algae, and throw these impurities out by means of adding catchers to the machine. As a result of gathering of these floating plants during runoff, it around water surrounding channels intake that were went to suction pumps, so that the channels are blocked. That is why, the workers would be frequently getting down to the river for cleaning after shutdown of the pumps. After studying the topic and coming up with an idea, according to which the design and technology drawings of the machine and determining the location where the device will be tested after implementation at different speeds (30, 60, and 100 m/min.). Three types of catchers (holders) of Ceratophyllum Plant and other Plankton were used. It was obtained that the cross-sectional area of the flow of the machine is greater than that of the suction pipe of the water purification station. The best linear speed for this machine was 30 m/min, which removes impurities by 2.2m3.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as a filler in the mixture for plastic pipes to improve the mechanical properties of the product, this research dealt with the study of the effect of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the properties of the produced pipe through a factory application by preparation of five mixture of polyvinyl chloride with different proportions of calcium carbonate (3, 5, 8, 10, and 15)% with some additional materials for the manufacture of the plastic pipes by using the extrusion method to produce polyvinyl chloride pipes (110mm × 10bar × 6m) for transportation of drinking water,a series of tests were carried out on the raw materials: (bulk density, free flow and sieve analysis) and also on the final product: (dimensions, heat reversion, tensile strength, impact strength, resistance to external blows and strength characteristics determined by long-term hydrostatic strength (rupture), the results of the tests showed a decrease in the tensile strength by increasing the percentage of calcium carbonate addition and by a small amount up to 8% and the decrease became more clear when the percentage of calcium carbonate addition was more than 8%, the results obtained at the level of factory application have proved the possibility of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate in the mixture of raw materials used in the manufacture of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U.P.V.C) pipes (from 3 to 8 %) and the results of the tests on the final product conformed to the certified specification for the proportion of 3, 5, and 8% and did not conform to the certified specification for proportions 10 and 15%.

The world is evolving toward a circular economy, which focuses on decreasing waste and extending the life of commodities. This work suggests using waste of glass to prepare composite. Epoxy was reinforced 50% by weight using waste glass. At room temperature were prepared samples reinforced and unreinforced and immersed in five solutions (HCl, Water, NaOH, Kerosene and Benzene) for four weeks, to find out the resistance of the epoxy after reinforcing. It is found that reinforced samples have resistance of increased after immersion in corrosive media comparison pure epoxy and it was obvious that the hardness were modified by 57% and remain constant during the immersion period in solutions. After immersing specimens in HCl the weight of the specimens decreases by 3.6%, unlike other solutions the weight of the specimens’ increase. Indicating that epoxy gains resistance after being reinforced with glass waste, allowing it to be used in a variety of applications.

The aim of this work is remove the textile factories’ wastewater such as dyes via the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) that on using the nano titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation. The degradation of C. I. Reactive black 45 (RB 45) in aqueous medium by the photocatalysis process has been studied. The effects of several parameters such as pH, the concentration of TiO2, irradiation time, and dye concentration have been examined. The optimal parameters were found to be [TiO2] = 0.75 g/L, irradiation time 480 min and pH=3.0. The results shown that the photocatalytic degradation could be enhanced by adding hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or potassium persulfate K2S2O8, for example, the efficiency increased from 68.9% to 88.7% and 95.4% when added 0.027 M or 1.5 g/L of H2O2 and K2S2O8 respectively. Also, the effects of inorganic salts Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaCl on the degradation efficiency of the photocatalysis process were investigated.

Many countries are interested in waste management technologies and their use, where these technologies contribute to ‎the disposal of pollutants that affect the environment. As a significant fraction of municipal solid waste, waste ‎paper is a potential source for producing bioethanol. Bioethanol production is a widely studied process for ‎biofuel production, as waste disposal through incineration emits dangerous greenhouse gases (which cause global ‎warming). The current work uses cardboard waste as a raw material for bioethanol synthesis through the physical, ‎chemical, and enzymatic treatments to improve glucose synthesis from cardboard waste by two-stage saccharomyces ‎and fermentation stage, using yeast extract. We relied on Trichoderma is a genus of fungi found in all soils, being the most widely cultured fungi; this fungus is ‎a producer of the cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose into fermented sugar and relies on three different media ‎with a carbon source and a vegetable source. (CMC) carboxymethyl cellulose agar the medium was chosen for the growth of enzyme-dissolving ‎fungi, and then the enzymatic filtrate was taken, which contains a high percentage of sugars about (12 mg/l) in the ‎optimum‏ ‏conditions pH (5.5-6) and temperature 28 °C. The purpose of the research exploitation of cellulose in cardboard and production of ethanol by fermentation process for a period ‎of 5-8 days, satisfactory results have been obtained, consumption of 5g cardboard waste produces 1%, which is equivalent to 20ml ethanol yield.

This study is an emphasis on the metal halide perovskite solar cells that are susceptible to factors that influence their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have been shown to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to a number of various factors. As they reached a power conversion efficiency of 25%, solar cells based on metal halide perovskite were a game-changer in the quest for photovoltaic performance. A flurry of activity in the fields of structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics has helped the solid-state perovskite solar cell to become a leading contender for the next generation of solar energy harvesters in the world today. This follows up on the ground-breaking development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012. This cell has a higher efficiency compared to commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells, as well as a lower cost of materials and processes. However, it has the disadvantage that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites, which increases the cost of the cell. As a result of this fact, a new study area on lead-free metal halide perovskites was established, and it is now exhibiting a remarkable degree of vibrancy. This provided us with the impetus to review this burgeoning area of research and discuss possible alternative elements according to current theoretical and practical investigations that might be utilized to replace lead in metal halide perovskites as well as the features of the perovskite materials that correspond to these elements.

Paper or cardboard with porous surfaces have been transformed into oil- and water-resistant surfaces by coating them with nano-PET to fill the pores and increase their ability to absorb oil while keeping the fibers from swelling. Experimental results show that using PET nanoparticle solution as coating for cartoon have a strong effect on its mechanical properties especially as confining properties. Cartoon coated show high resistance against water absorption for cartoon with three layers of paint (two sides) where the ratio reach to 41.7% as compare with 16.4% for cartoon without coating also show high confining properties against two kinds of oils (cooking and machine), where the experimental result for the cartoon with two layers of paint lowest absorption for cooking oil about 0.018 g compared with carton without coating with 0.122g while for machine oil carton with three-layer paint (two side) show the difference in weight about 0.012g and without coating its about 0.026g. Furthermore, high binding energy between the PET nanoparticle solution with the cardboard molecules, which refers that the compatibility between the surface of the treated carton and the PET polymer has occurred, providing a good adhesion between carton and coating solution.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was prepared and the photo-stabilization of polymer films was studied using ultraviolet (UV) light. The efficiency of the synthesized polymer complex of ibuprofen-tin which is the photo-stabilizer in this study afterward of 300 hours of irradiation were evaluated by calculate the constant of PVC degradation rate. The outcome of this research has shown that the additives (ibuprofen-tin complexes) effect significantly on the decreased degradation constant compare to blank PVC, without additives the rate of degradation constant of PVC is greater than when the additives are added. The surface morphologies of the irradiated polymer film with additives were researches utilizing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It can be seen that the polymer film with added additives is less roughness than the irradiated PVC (blank). The organotin complexes behave in this study as a photostabilizer to maintain the PVC from any decomposition by absorbing the incident light and convert it over the time as a heat to the polymeric chain.

Propionibacteria have mainly been found in dairy products and on the skin of humans and animals. This genus classified as non-producing PHA but in this study we show that Propionibacterium sp. can produce PHA. A member of the genus Propionibacterium was isolated from soil. The isolate was identified based on its gram positive pleomorphic rods. Cells occur short chains, singly or in pairs, in V or Y configurations. On mineral salt agar colonies are semi-opaque, convex, glittering and often pigmented in orange in color, biochemical tests and 16SrDNA also done. The 16SrDNA analysis confirmed 85% identity to Propionibacterium (accession number NR 074675.1). The presence of 3HB was identified, based on the analysis of NMR. 13C and 1H NMR analysis confirmed that Propionibacterium sp was able to produce PHA.polymer. These confirm the results of GC. The isolate was then grown on media with waste glycerol (WG), palm oil, different concentration of glucose and one stage and two stages of cultivation. This lead to the conclusion that Propionibacterium is able to grow utilizing waste glycerol, palm oil and different concentration of glucose as the sole carbon source under limited conditions. The PHA content 3 (wt%) and the composition (mol%) and (86% 3HB) when used glucose 2% at frist stage cultivation. while the PHA content 13 (wt %) when used palm oil and 5 (wt%) when utilized (WG), as sole carbon source.

The study aimed to examine plant extract prepared from three species including Leucaena seeds, Conocarpus leaves and Moringa seeds, those compared alum as natural coagulants for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) of domestic sewage water. Pure clay material was added gradually to the sewage water then mixed continually to obtain a final form of turbid sewage water. The experiment\'s work was carried out using a jar test device, each plant extract was used to reduce COD in sewage water which comprised five doses (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100) ppm with five levels of pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Results revealed that there was the highest decrease of COD percentages through the experiment process using three plant extracts compared alum which was (65, 66, 64, and 55)% at concentrations of (50, 50, 75 and 25) ppm for three natural coagulants and alum respectively, at Ph 9, also indicated acceptable changing pH and EC using natural coagulant application.

Corona viruses are a family of viruses that can cause diseases such as the common cold and acute respiratory infection and in 2019, a new type of corona virus was discovered that caused an outbreak of a disease that originated in China. The virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease is called emerging corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the corona virus (COVID-19) to be a global pandemic. In this research, a diagnostic kit was prepared that is used in the laboratory to detect infection with Acquired Corona Virus (COVID19) by the method of the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Conjugated secondary antibodies tagged with HRP which gives a color signal with the substrate added to it, its intensity depends on the amount of antibodies present in the pathological sample. We used a microtiter plate coated with the virus core and ns antigen and a conjugate product from Imbian Company, while the other of the kit components (reagents and buffers) were prepared in Al-Razi laboratories to be suitable for use. Tests were conducted on the prepared kit for 96 samples, including 55 samples for positive cases and 41 samples for negative cases, which were obtained from the specialized laboratories and patients. The tests showed conformity in the results compared to foreign kit used for this purpose and using the ELISA washer and reader devices available in Al-Razi center\'s laboratories. And by installing the method of preparation by fixing the method of preparation and obtaining identical results, Al-Razi center can produce pioneering batches and provide the laboratories of Ministry of Health of this type of diagnostic kits.

Oral ulcers are common occurrences in animals for many reasons, including accidental injuries that occur during the consumption of feed or food, and may be bacterial and fungal or viral causes such as foot-and-mouth disease, which is usually accompanied by ulcers in the mouth, udder and foot (FMD), which leads to the animal\'s abstinence from food and then death so to find ways that solve this problem a pharmaceutical formula had been prepared from extract oils mint, thyme and cloves called it (mint vet). The oils were extracted by water evaporation then examined by GC-MS and attended many formulations until reaching the until reaching the perfect consistency and stability where the pharmaceutical form was white emulsion kept inside a spray bottle given in the form of a mouthwash. The biological test stability was conducted on the product for six months at two temperatures one of them cold degree 4°C and the other is room temperature 25°C to determine the expiration date and the best storage conditions, it has been compare with stander Gentamicin and Nystatin the inhibition zone of formula was higher than stander inhibition zone, high temperature was avoided because the product contains essential oil, the expiry date was calculated two years and store at less 15°C. The formula has been tasted in veterinary hospitals in Al-Rashedia and Baghdad, the report had proved the efficiency of the mouth wash and there are significant responses, when it’s used to treat Foot and Mouth Disease FMD without any side effect.

First Iraqi attempt to study drug used for prostate cancer treatment (Abiraterone) that hypothetically reacted with known chemicals classified as Anticancer drug: Tirapazamine (T) and 5-Fluorouracil (F), food additive and preservative: Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (B) and Ethoxyquin (E), and sweeteners: P-4000 (P), Sodium Cyclamate (CS), Alitame (AT), and Saccharin (SA). The second step in this work was computational study of all reactants and the formed products having newly ether, amine, and carboxylic acid ester, and sulphonate bonds by online websites. Taste, toxicity, and ADMET were calculated by three online websites related to Charite University of Medicine, Institute for Physiology, Germany and University of Melbourne, Australia. SMILES of the reactants were obtained from National Library of Medicine/ National Center for Biotechnology Information websites while products were drawn by the molecular editor CS ChemDraw Ultra and rechecked by MarvinSketch program. This in Silico study showed various results of the formed products compared to Abiraterone (A) that predicated it as sour chemical belongs to Class 4 as a harmful substance if swallowed. Abiraterone (A) toxicity on liver organ was 61% probability percentage as hepatotoxicity while carcinogenicity, Immunotoxicity, Mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, AhR, AR, Aromatase, ER, HSE, and p53 were more than 70 % to bind Progesterone or Androgen. Also, Abiraterone (A) has a poor water solubility leading to high intestinal absorption, moderate total clearance, and giving inhibition reaction to Cytochrome P450 type CYP2C19, hERG II, and Ames test. These results confirmed that Abiraterone is structurally less harmful acute class with highly chance to interact with cell components resulting lethal response. All Abiraterone hypothetical products had a harmful reaction if swelled (Class 4), sour taste. All toxicological characters may be highly affected by its water solubility and intestinal absorption towards CNS, BBB, and CaCO2 permeability, skin sensation, and Ames test issues. For example, this in Silico- QSAR foundations about Abiraterone – Saccharin (A-SA) suggest that A-SA is structurally safe and there are several possibilities of becoming an active–multiple toxicological compound.

Diabetes and depression are highly prevalent conditions and have significant impact on health outcomes. We aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes and depression among patients. Methods: 200 patients diagnosed with diabetes attending diabetes clinics were invited to participate in this study. Results: In this study most of the participants belong to the age group of 61- 70 years, 140 participants are female. Study results indicated that 64 (32%) participants have 6 to 10 years of illness, 49 (24.5%) participants are on treatment for 6 to 10 years of duration, 199 (99.5%) participants are taking oral drugs twice a day, 97 (48.5%) participants have hypertension, 137 (68.5%) participants had no family history of diabetes mellitus and 179 (89.5%) participants do not have any complication currently In this study, 137(68.5%) participants did not forget to take medication,177 (88.5%) participants did not stop medication when symptoms are under control,163(81.5%) participants felt convenient to take medication and 172 (86%) participants did not feel difficulty in remembering to take medication. 96 (48%) patients with diabetes mellitus had high adherence, 74 (37%) participants had moderate adherence and 30 (15%) participants had low adherence. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates slight correlation between depression and diabetes particularly complications.

In this study, two types of local plants were chosen, the first is the plant golden pothos Epipremnum aureum and the second is the Iraqi Sheikh\'s chin plant Tribulus terrestris L, for the purpose of making a comparison between them in terms of their possession of chemical groups with antioxidant activity in order to use them as a natural alternative to using antioxidants Industrial that cause negative effects on human health, the samples were prepared using the method of water and alcohol extraction (ethanol 70%) for both plants. It revealed the presence of a number of chemical groups (tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids) for both plants, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Coumarins are only found in the sheikh\'s chin plant, while steroids are only found in the pothos plant. It was found that the alcoholic extract of the Sheikh\'s chin plant was best than aqueous extract in terms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, as the concentration of 20 mg / ml achieved an effectiveness of 91.2, which is close to control (BHT) 92.3, while the opposite was recorded in the pothos plant as the aqueous extract was better than the alcoholic extract. As the concentration of 20 mg / ml recorded an activity of 89.22, while the alcoholic extract had a significant difference of 65.9, with a significant difference on the level of probability P˂0.01, and for the purpose of demonstrating the efficiency of the process of capturing free radicals of plant extracts, the effective concentration was determined (EC50) and found that the best concentration was achieved to capture 50% of The DPPH complex had an aqueous extract of pothos at 0.5 mg / mL which is very close to the EC50 value for control (vitamin C) followed by the alcoholic extract at 7.75 mg / mL. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to find the total content of phenols, it was found that the aqueous extract of the pothos plant had the highest content of phenols as it recorded the highest concentration of 49.33 compared to the alcohol extract 38.05. In contrast to the result of the Sheikh\' chin plant, the alcoholic extract recorded the most phenol content at a concentration of 65.11 compared to the aqueous extract which recorded a concentration of 42.15.

The purpose of this study is to prepare a new formulation of Mebendazole suspension for veterinary therapeutic and antiparasitic use at a concentration of 5% of the poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using suspending agents, dispersing agents such as tween 80, polypropylene glycol, preservatives, and other salts to titrate the PH of the resulting mixtures. Information about all the materials used in the preparation of the formula was collected from pharmacopeia, while materials were provided by Samarra Company. and prepared about three formulae, from which the final one prepared. A study was conducted on the stability of the new formula in different temperature conditions (40, 50, and 60) °C by comparing any change in physicochemical properties concerning form, viscosity, and pH in different storage rooms and other temperatures for 18 months. showed that The results of the new drug proved its stability, both quantitative and qualitative results for suspension 5% formula as well as its physicochemical properties and viscosity tested and also conducted clinically therapy in the central veterinary hospital the findings demonstrate that Mebendazol is a promising new formulation of it for treatment of hydatid diseases without showing significantly liver toxicity.