LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY , LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

This research, entitled (The experimentation prospect in aimra'at alghayib novel , by Mahdi Issa Al-Saqr), deals with the techniques of experimentation in this novel, to demonstrate the power of modernization narrative fiction, and to confirm that it does not settle in one state, from its first inception until now.
However, the instability - which took various forms, including experimentation - was not negative, it constantly put the novel on the way of development and renewal, and helped it to get rid of old forms, and regenerate from the ashes of tradition and stereotyping.
The research shed light on experimentation in the novel from various aspects: parallel story, waiting for the absent, symbolization, fantasy, textual overlap, and the author’s presence in the beginning and endings. The research concluded that these experimental techniques provided the novel with a wide modern space, and demonstrated it in a new artistic form that avoids stereotyping and imitation.

The research consists of three sections: the first addresses semantic analysis, focusing on the linguistic meanings of words and structures as well as phonetic significance. This section also considers various Quranic readings. The second section involves a textual study, highlighting the role of pronoun references and linguistic connectors in the cohesion of the text. The third section includes a pragmatic study in two aspects: presupposition and speech acts. This surah is notably directed at the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), although he is not explicitly mentioned; external references indicate him. The surah is metrically balanced and rhythmically impactful, consisting of three structures, each of which constitutes a speech act.

The Quranic discourse often presents information indirectly, incorporating implicatures within its context. This implicature requires interpretation and clarification by exegetes, corresponding today to linguistic studies of implicature, which include presupposition and implied statements. This research focuses on examining Quranic verses that contain such implied meanings not explicitly stated in the text, aiming to analyze and study these sacred texts within the framework of discourse analysis.

The research aims to study the efforts of philosophers of language in analyzing the language which used it by the philosopher, the scientist, and the common man, while clarifying its uses. Philosophers of logical positivism distinguished between its two main functions and believed that the descriptive function is the typical function worthy of philosophical research. Stevenson, one of the analytical philosophers of language, started from the language of everyday life, as he found in it the meanings it contains. He found some meanings in it, and these meanings are considered an accomplishment of an action simply by saying it, who referred to there are different uses of language, in addition to the descriptive language emphasized by some analytical and positivist philosophers. There is emotive language that includes all sentences such as commands, prohibitions, wishes, etc., and he considered it to be of great importance, because it constitutes the greatest part of the daily use of the language .

Poets of the pre-Islamic era, especially those who composed the Mu'allaqat, placed great emphasis on music and taste, considering it an inherent natural talent. This led them to measure their poetry through song, elevating it to high levels of musical melody, impactful and stirring for the listeners. These poems were constructed by arranging letters within words, words within sentences, and sentences within the composition, ensuring cohesion and harmony with the rhyme and meter. The pre-Islamic poet focused on words, making music an influential and authentic verbal expression.

Morpheme is one of the most prominent terms reached by modern linguists, although this term has not received attention and comprehension from contemporary scholars. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the restricted morpheme, which is a part of morphemes, and compare it with what it represents according to ancient linguists. The research also addresses an applied study on some verses of Surah Ar-Rahman. The purpose of writing this research is to contribute to facilitating the learning of morphemes in general and restricted morphemes in particular, and to make it a means to understand Arabic linguistic lessons in general and morphology in particular. The methodology followed in my study is the analytical investigative approach, relying on important ancient and modern sources.

This research aims to direct those concerned and specialists’ attention in Arabic language to the reality of our language in its environment and among its people. The Kingdom of Morocco is chosen to be the subject of this research. Arabic language faces perilous foreign conspiracies, and disregard and negligence from the Arab side, which led to Arabic language being considered a secondary language, eliminate from its surroundings. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing an accurate and strict linguistic policy based on effective, objective and scientific linguistic planning capable of tackling linguistic problems and difficulties facing the language by using appropriate procedures that would restore Arabic language to the position it merits in use at both Arab and global levels.

What modern discourse analysis methods have presented Contributed significant contribution to modernizing cognitive tools For those working in discourse analysis to reread heritage in a new way Explore many of its secrets, By focusing on the components of the discourse, She paid great attention to the speaker and his intentions, Until knowledge of the speaker’s personality and familiarity with everything that surrounds him became a major and influential factor in knowing the meaning of the speech and its goals, The recipient's share and knowledge of his interpretive competence were no less fortunate than the speaker's, Rather, it made the recipient the main focus around which the speech revolves, The center of gravity of the entire communicative process, as well as great attention to the circumstances surrounding the speech, Which cannot be separated or neglected in the analysis of any discourse, Therefore, this study came to reread one of the most important discourses in Arab heritage, It is a speech by the descendant of the Prophet’s House, Imam Hussein, Which is distinguished by the multiplicity of its recipients And their different orientations, In addition to the different circumstances surrounding it, Because of the acceleration of events that accompanied that blessed exodus, This study attempts to differentiate between two types of speech by noting their purpose, which is the speech that was created to persuade and influence its recipients, Without neglecting the factors that gave him that achievement power that made him that level of influence, A speech whose purpose was merely to present an argument to the opponent.

This study aims to trace the binary of center and margin in a contemporary Kuwaiti novel, "Impact That Made No Sound" by Bothayna AlEssa, which explores several binaries including center/margin and self/other, represented by the clash between Western and Arab civilizations. The protagonist of the novel is a Kuwaiti student studying in Sweden, who encounters clashes with customs, traditions, and a different cultural advancement from what exists in her country. On one hand, the novel addresses an important issue in Kuwait, which is identity, and the marginalization suffered by the "stateless" community, who are excluded by the center by depriving them of their original identity

The grammatical rulings issued by Abu Ali Al-Farisi emphasized the functional aspect of the language, as he did not limit his rulings to the formal aspect of grammatical structures, but rather he was able to balance form and function. To clarify the main mission of language in the realm of human communication, he rejected many of the rulings, terms, and boundaries, relying on what each section of speech performs within the grammatical system to achieve the linguistic function. This function is not achieved by learning rigid grammatical laws, but rather is achieved by mastering the language system and its methods of expression .

This research dealt with the poetry of Al-Harith bin Abbad in the field of war, and shed light on the change that occurred in his personality, and warned him against retiring and not entering into the Basus war, as (Francisco) said:
"He does not have camel in that war as the arabs said and Then his opinion changed from rejecting the war that the leaders and the knights of his tribe(Bakr) invited to it .,"
Among the poetic texts we noticed that Al-Harith was a man who rejected the war and invited to the peace in pre-Islamic times, He was the most famous preacher at a time when the one calling for peace was considered a coward and a traitor, but when the war came, it was forced upon him and he was forced to fight and enter it due to the recklessness of the knights of his tribe Bakr .
The poet referred to his insult after the killing of his son (Bajir), as Al-Harith considered the killing of his son a betrayal, treachery, and a great insult to him when he heard Al-Zeer Salem say, “Oh Pasha. “Kulaib’s slippers” Killing him in this way became a direct reason for Al-Harith bin Abbad to enter the Al-Basus War and participate in it. It also indicates that Al-Harith was one of the pioneers of pre-Islamic times, and this is what Islam established at the hands of its noble Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. We believe that the waiting of the poet Al-Harith bin Abbad Al-Bakri is one of the landmarks of Islam before its light appeared in the Arabian Peninsula.

The research deals with the crisis of fear that arose with the heralds of promised democratic openness, but the Iraqi novelist quickly became preoccupied with putting The reason for fear, despite the different reasons, was at the forefront of the presentation, then the practical applications of this crisis varied, as it was represented by incapacity, then it became widespread. Innate readiness and then anxiety, represented by the character of Saeed forgets The hero of the novel is that he will live a life of helplessness and anxiety about his life. During the novel, the novelist was able to illustrate the Iraqi pain represented by sentences A variety of pains, whether it was displacement or killing based on identity, then one of the reasons that sharpened Saeed Yansin’s fear was the fact that He is an orphan with a broken father who has never seen happiness for a day. in his life.

This study includes the impact and importance of language in understanding texts from the Quran, How to develop legal provisions for doctrinal issues, and how to infer the fuqaha ' and scholars interpret the language to prove their argument to support and to strengthen their views .
The verse of ablution in the Holy Quran was studied in the form of this study and clarification of this issue, Where we presented in the first topic the issue of the entry of facilities in washing hands when wudoo and the entry of the two men as well, In the first study, the study showed the difference of scholars in the meaning of (to) in the verse (to the facilities) and the Almighty said (to the ankles), The view of the fuqaha 'on entering the facilities and the two men in ghusl during wudoo' And their reliance on language in guiding evidence on which they relied to support their views on controversial issues.
The second section includes the required amount of wiping from the head in wudoo 'by the fuqaha' by means of their dedicating them in the language to determine the meaning of the meaning of the meaning in the verse (and wash your head).
The third topic dealt with the guidance of reading (your feet) in the verse (wash your faces and hands to the facilities and sweep your head and legs to the ankles) (Surat Al-Maida, verse 6).
The research included the impact of this guidance in the issuance of the legitimate ruling on the two men Is it that they should be washed or satisfied with their survey only, It was the result of the study that language and jurisprudence cooperate together in the clarification and clarification of the provisions of legitimacy, And that the jurisprudence will not dispense with the language when issuing the Islamic ruling, but is one of the basic pillars on which the scholars rely on issues and issues of legitimacy and jurisprudence and in the interpretation of the Quranic verses.

This paper attempts to explore Approaching the features of institutional violence in Rasmiah Muhibis novel "Kahinat Maebad 'Uwr", and highlighting the violations practiced by social, political and cultural institutions in order to achieve their demands and desires and impose authority by force, exclusion and marginalization, and this is what novel texts after (2003) have always approached, as they worked to expose reality and denounce the crimes committed against individuals at all political, social and cultural levels.

This study aims to elucidate the terminology of gemstones used by Arabs. Titled "Gemstones in Arabic Lexicons," the study clarifies the most significant gemstones found in lexicons and writings of linguists, both ancient and contemporary. It delves into the meaning of gemstones and beads among Arabs, categorizing their types, forms, and uses. Additionally, it addresses the various opinions among scholars regarding their identification and classification. The study also considers the valuable insights provided by trusted linguists and references to poetic verses and prose, which enrich the Arabic language. Undoubtedly, these sources have significantly enhanced the strength and precision of the research.

This research highlights the impact of paronomasia (both perfect and imperfect) on textual cohesion. It explores how this rhetorical device enhances the aesthetic appeal and musical rhythm of a text, linking sound and meaning. Through the arrangement of letters, paronomasia vividly conveys the speaker's or writer's emotions and creativity, capturing the audience's attention. Esteemed by many Arabic scholars, paronomasia is considered a significant aesthetic feature in both verbal and conceptual expression. This study examines its application in Ghassan Kanafani's novel "The Land of Sad Oranges," highlighting the key aspects of connection, cohesion, and beauty achieved through both perfect and imperfect paronomasia.

The Books of the Exaltation of the Prophets are a rich heritage of mature linguistic thought that is suitable to be applied examples for contemporary studies, especially textual studies. Hence this research (features of textual referral in the books of the Exaltation of the Prophets until the end of the seventh century AH) and we focused on the referral because of its clear impact on Explaining the coherence of the Quranic text and restricting us to the seventh century so that the applied field does not take us

This research sheds light on the of real and virtual sentences proximity in demonstrative sentences and discusses the role of demonstrative pronouns (this, these, those) in expressing proximity to the referred entities in the text. It also examines how these pronouns contribute to connecting coherent parts of the text, enhancing and reinforcing the meaning conveyed by preceding and succeeding words, phrases, and linguistic elements. These demonstrative pronouns serve to emphasize the primary purpose of conveying praise, magnification, care, and attention towards the referred entities, while implicitly conveying a sense of criticism, belittlement, humiliation, and disdain towards other entities in eloquent texts, such as the sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha.

The research deals with the study of sad psychological states in which images collide and the poet struggles with them to create harmony between two worlds, the first of which is his psychological (inner) world, and the second is reality (the external world), according to an urgent need that drives him to do so. The feeling remains ambiguous in the soul and cannot be reached. Only after it is formed into images that follow one another, to become expressive of his thoughts and feelings, and the embodiment of the poetic experience. Accordingly, the association of the image becomes the basis on which the poem is based, and its artistic essence. The poet looks at the images that represent his thoughts and feelings, in response to the mutual interaction between ideas, in their experimental dimension, and vision in its sensory and visual meaning and the combination of the mental and emotional responses, as it is based on verbal use and the connotations of the images. The pictorial association was embodied in the most prominent themes of the pre-Islamic poem that refers to Sadness in our research is like the collapse of the image of ruins, the collapse of the image of gray hair, and the collapse of the image of death

In this research, I discussed the types of morphological defects according to Ibn al-Sayyid al-Batalyusi. Ibn al-Sayyid al-Batalyusi is indeed considered one of the prominent scholars in Arabic and literature, and his works are a rich source for a deep understanding of linguistic and literary sciences. He made great contributions to clarifying morphological errors and correcting linguistic errors, and he had a major impact on the development of the Arabic language in that era. The researcher analyzed the different types of morphological errors and their role in interpreting and understanding texts. The focus was on the types of errors that appeared in the books of Ibn al-Sayyid al-Batalyusi, which varied. Between grammar, morphology and language. The research included the definition of the cause linguistically and terminologically. It talked about the most important types of causes and addressed the role of educational causes and the causes that require assimilation and alleviation. An example of each type of illness has been provided and explained in detail, relying on the original texts. Emphasis was placed on the extent to which these causes affect the understanding of texts, formulas, and morphological issue.

Reference in pronouns is one of the most important relationships used in local elements of interpretation. It offers many possibilities for the pronoun's reference to be either proximate or remote, depending on the absence of evidence directing it otherwise. In this research, we aim to elucidate the significance of reference in demonstrative pronouns in the Book "Nahj al-Balagha".

The significant development in communication technology played an effective role in changing numerous concepts, roles, and social relationships. They have interconnected the world into one community, promote closeness, acquaintance, exchange opinions, desires and information. Consequently, social media platforms have become a tools for individuals to fulfill their desires through their virtual spaces. However, despite their positive impacts, there are health, social, and psychological effects on individuals, particularly on Iraqi families, caused by excessive use of social media. Furthermore, these platforms lead to the isolation of individuals and subjects them to psychological disorders, affecting their mental and physical health, especially spouses. Moreover, these virtual platforms contribute to weak the parental control over children, which lead to family disintegration and other adverse effects. Numerous sociological and psychological studies have indicated that excessive electronic addiction to social media platforms reduce individual freedom and isolate them from their family reality. In addition, it may lead to lose of emotional and sexual responsibility towards the partner, potentially resulting in familial disputes and conflicts, ultimately culminating in divorce.
In this research, we seek to understand the adverse effects of social media on Iraqi families, especially spouses, which sometimes lead to separation and ultimately divorce.
Therefore, in this study, we will address the following:
1. The Terminologies of the Research (Problem, Importance, and Objective).
2. Social Media Platforms and Their Negative Impact on Marital Relationships.
3. Social Media Platforms and Their Negative Impact on Family and Society

The world today is often called the global village due to the shrinking distances and crossing of boundaries resulting from the cognitive explosion and enormous development witnessed in various fields, especially in communications and transportation technology. This significant advancement has contributed to enhancing communication and interaction between different cultures, giving rise to the phenomenon of globalization. Globalization has taken on various forms such as cultural, economic, and political globalization, all characterized by embracing openness, exchange, and fusion. Cultural globalization and cultural change are phenomena strongly supported by the political and economic influence exerted by the stronger parties on the international stage. It is essential to understand the clear picture of how cultural globalization affects developing countries, as its impacts can be detrimental due to poor economic and social conditions in these nations. There is a significant impact of globalization on cultural change among university students, as it facilitates the sharing and exchange of cultures and ideas among youth from different countries. This exchange can lead to changes in values, beliefs, and habits among university students, potentially resulting in the development of new cultures or modifications to existing ones. Furthermore, globalization can influence the overall considerations of university students in areas such as fashion, music, movies, food, and social behaviors, leading to an interplay of various cultural elements that shape young people's perceptions, preferences, and lifestyles. Additionally, globalization can broaden university students' thinking and expand their worldview by exposing them to diverse ideas and opinions through modern communication channels and social media. This exposure can contribute to expanding their horizons, increasing their tolerance, and acceptance of cultural and intellectual diversity. Ultimately, engaging with other cultures can impact the cultural identity formation of university students, enhancing their awareness of the importance of coexistence and mutual understanding among cultures. In conclusion, globalization provides university students with an opportunity for growth and development through interactions with the external world, acquiring new skills, and gaining a deeper understanding of the world around them.

This study is a study of knowing the roots of terrorism through small periods, as well as knowing the causes that lead to terrorism and its impact on society, also knowing the most important common ways between them and the root of the word justice and equality and not differentiating between one person and another on flimsy grounds, and respecting the privacy of individuals and their freedoms.

The problem of the study is defined in the main question: What is the role of television news bulletins in enhancing political socialization among viewers? The research attempts to track the spread of television news bulletins and study their impact on political awareness. There are subsidiary questions as follows:
1. What is the actual role of television news bulletins in affecting viewers' political awareness?
2. What kind of knowledge and content do television news bulletins provide in the field of political socialization which viewers follow?
3. What are the factors that influence the increase in viewership of television news bulletins?
The study aims to achieve the following:
1. To identify the role of television news bulletins in the process of formulating and shaping awareness of individual and societal political issues.
2. To find out the most important materials and subjects that viewers are keen to watch and the nature of these materials and subjects contained in television news bulletins.
3. To reveal the extent of the role of television news bulletins in influencing values, behavior, standards, and political socialization among viewers.
4.The researcher used the survey methodology aimed at monitoring a phenomenon or a specific topic to understand its content. This method was followed to understand and uncover the role of television news bulletins in enhancing political socialization among viewers.
The researcher reached the most important results:
1. It was revealed that the government-owned Al-Iraqiya channel took the largest proportion of viewership, reaching a rate of (33.09%).
2. Television news bulletins contributed to increasing information and political culture among the study sample.
3. It was found that most of the study participants leaned to some extent towards the importance given by bulletins to these issues and topics.
4. Television news bulletins to some extent meet all the political interests of the researched according to the percentage demonstrated by the study, as (55.38%) of the researched went to the extent that they satisfy to some extent all their political interests.

The interest in the subject of social and cultural transformations is due to the fact that they affect the lives of individuals in general and students and their relationship, behaviors, attitudes and tendencies in particular and the importance of this group in society as they represent the human wealth that will take upon itself the construction and development of society in the future, and that this group is the most affected and responsive to social and cultural transformations due to the age stage they are going through, so our study started from the main question, which is(What is the reflection of social and cultural transformations on the attitudes and tendencies of students studying in secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education representation in Erbil?)

Acquiring historical concepts has an important role, as it clarifies the objectives of the curriculum and the educational means necessary for the student’s teaching, learning, and evaluation. It also helps history specialists organize experiences in the historical subject. It also helps students interpret new situations and events, and reduces the complexity and ambiguity of historical facts through... Its role is interpretation and employment. As for the psychology of learning and communication between the student and the teacher, conditions must be met, including motivation and maturity.

The research talks about the critical approach of the Egyptian historian Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH), in his book (Anbaa Al-Ghamr fi Anbaa Al-Omar), which is considered one of the important historical biographies of men of the eighth and mid-ninth centuries AH, in addition to the great importance that the historian Ibn Hajar represents in that he He is considered one of the great historians in the Egyptian and Levantine history school in the ninth century AH, and because the subject of historical criticism of the historical novel is considered an important approach in modern studies of the curriculum in general and historical curricula in particular, we have taken it to be the title of this research of ours, which we called (Historical Criticism in the Book of News of Immersion in News of Life) ) to shed light on Ibn Hajar’s critical approach in his book for the purpose of identifying the contributions of this great historian in the field of historical criticism.

Learning any new language means acquiring a new culture; however, cultural duality is not necessarily inherent in bilingualism. Culture reflects all aspects of life within any group of people, expressing their behaviors, beliefs, values, customs, and traditions. Due to the blending element in cultural duality, certain behaviors, attitudes, and feelings may not fully adapt to a particular situation, making this form of cultural overlap a distinguishing factor between bilingualism and cultural duality. When the Zionist entity declared the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, it engaged in an open conflict with the Arabs of Palestine, known as the Arabs of 1948, who currently constitute 20% of Israel's population. This involved efforts to eliminate their Arabic language and impose Hebrew and its associated culture upon them.

The study explores cross culturally the aesthetic stylistic features and values in two famous English and Arabic national anthems, namely the British and the Egyptian national anthems which represent two distinct ruling systems i.e. royal and republican ruling systems. The quali-quanti analytical framework involves (Verdonk, 2002), as a tool for stylistic analysis, as well as (Risager, 2005) conception of languaculture. The former provides tools such as the lexico-grammatical and intertextual sources central to stylistic analysis while the latter relates to how language is a socio-culturally bound concept. Assuming that the two anthems exhibit various interesting features, the study found that there are interesting differences and similarities between the two anthems especially with respect to the cultural resonance and poetic images, the issue which projects how to famous nations reflect their pride i.e. in the British national anthem, the concepts of monarchy, social structure and reverence for the monarchy is emphasized, whereas in the Egyptian national anthem, Egypt's, glory, resilience, cultural heritage as well as aspirations for a better future are strongly highlighted.

Translation in general is considered a means of revealing the other, whether it is a general translation or a specialized translation such as translating literary works. Israel has paid great attention to Arabic literature, seeking to reveal the nature of this society. Despite the conflict between Israel and the Arab countries, translators who are interested in translating Arabic works, whether Jewish or Arab, must be neutral without bias and spreading lies to the reader interested in literature translated from Arabic, in order to eliminate racist tendencies and reduce conflict, as these indicate the existence of... A kind of hatred, in addition to the low translation skill that the translator must possess, as many Jewish translators, whether old or modern, fell into the same mistakes, whether mistakes related to language or that reflect racist tendencies and hatred of Arabs. The study aims to identify the most important fundamental and formal errors that Jewish translators made while translating Arabic literary works.
The study addressed two requirements. The first requirement was a theoretical study of translation from Arabic to Hebrew and its most important problems, by identifying the political and social situation in Israel and its relationship to the Arabic language, the development of Arabic translations in Israel, and the classification of translators from Arabic to Hebrew. The study aims to reveal the most important problems facing translators of Arabic to Hebrew. The second topic dealt with the Iraqi contribution to Hebrew translations by examining some Iraqi Jewish writers whose productions were in the Arabic language and then changed after their immigration to Israel to write in the Hebrew language and translate Arabic works into the Hebrew language, including Shimon Ballas and Shalom Darwish. The study relied on the critical approach. The study ended with conclusions and recommendations based on a number of Arab and foreign sources and references.

Along with the communicative functions of language, there is always a social function to show the role played by language in the society. This function can be seen in the field of sociolinguistics through code-switching. The current study aims to investigate the motivations behind code-switching between Arabic and English by Arab young people in their daily conversations from a sociolinguistic perspective. The researcher employed a qualitative analytical approach to obtain the results. Thus, this research paper focuses on analyzing and discussing semi-structured interviews with Arab young people to gain information on code-switching in their daily conversations. Data was collected through conducting the interviews and transcribing them for analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there are five motivations behind Arabic-English code switching among Arab young people; excluding group members, showing social status, expressing literacy, expressing belonging to a certain group and finally affirming their identity. The current study is meant to contribute to the development of the sociolinguistic field when it comes to the Arabic-English language pair.

Plato is considered the first philosopher to write about politics. We do not find any of his dialogues devoid of this aspect, which are represented by the dialogues (The Republic,Politics, Laws), in which he tried to clarify political action, its nature, and how to exploit it in the service of society. These dialogues are primarily intended to reach a political goal, which Is to build A virtuous or ideal state. He referred to this in his dialogue (The Republic) to the Idea of the philosopher-ruler, as the ruler must be educated, have extensive knowledge, and be familiar with philosophy in order to lead society wisely. He was Interested in the issue of power in the context of his political philosophy, and the social situation In which the Greek citizen lives under authoritarian regimes. As a result, power must be in the hands of the wise and rational.

Man was busy searching for things and developing them (understanding them - interpreting them - changing them), but he forgot himself or was transformed from his humanity. Therefore, philosophers and social scientists set out to search for the truth of man or his essence in collecting his various products, which are the result of what he looked at and applied to develop himself, and this is reflected in Based on what Turin has now investigated, the active self is the result of this knowledge. Between the fusion or destruction of the self in modernity, and the construction of the self-anew, we find a debate of contention between subjectivity and rationalization, even if they complement each other. Turin is trying to find the self or work to build it. This requires liberation from all domination (the domination of the commodity and power) together and listening to the voice of the self for the sake of freedom in the space in which he has mastered the work, which is the space of modernity, (modernity) which entrusted the mind with the task of discovering the laws of the world, and to... Awareness brings out the self in its human capacity to establish what he called (the active self). The self, which is the will of the individual and the group to be the creators of life, influencing it and not being subjugated, and this can only happen through the actor, self and philosophy

The topic of genetic engineering, human cloning, euthanasia, and the technology revolution are contemporary topics, which have raised many question, whether they are moral. Intellectual, or philosophical values, certainly, there has been along discussion about them in the Islamic and Arab worlds. these questions represent the fears of human society as a whol regarding regarding the application of the application of such technology, as long as humanity well as in the if human is on the verge of serious changes in the systems of tradition, customs, and moral values.

After the translation of Aristotle's logical books into Arabic, Muslim philosophers reacted to them to a great extent, yet, despite their many statements, they did not stand at their borders and did not make them an invincible dam without their pursuit and diligence. They breakfasted, criticized and worked hard. Among the investigations that Muslim philosophers inherited from the Aristotle logic, the case-searcher, and the owners of the truth in it. New terms emerged that were not defined by aristocracy, such as the mental issue, the real issue, and other logical terms that contributed significantly to the interpretation of many mysterious cognitive phenomena. Given the accuracy and difficulty of these terms, the words of the flag were not obscured in their identification, but touched some of the terms from the vague symbols, as the same term, and the search was aimed at tracking the genesis of some of these terms with a statement of their meaning and meaning

Illusion: Linguistically, it is corrupt suspicion, sensory deception, and everything that does not correspond to reality.
It is known in the book of definitions that it is the perception of the partial meaning related to the tangible meaning, and that it is a physical power of the human being located at the end of the middle cavity of the brain, which is capable of understanding the partial meanings related to the tangible things, such as Zaid’s courage and generosity, and this power is the one by which the sheep decides that the wolf has escaped from him, and that the boy is plucked. Accordingly, this force rules over all the physical faculties, using them as the mind uses all the mental faculties. As for the imagined imaginary, it is the image that the imaginary invents by using the illusion of it, such as the image of a fang or claw in a death similar to a seven. As for imaginary matters, they are false propositions by which the illusion rules in matters that are not perceptible. Such as the ruling that what is beyond the world is an infinite space, and the analogy composed of it is called sophistry (Al-Jurjani, Al-Sharif Ali bin Muhammad, 1306, Chapter Al-Waw).
In the most correct expression, we find that the first to invent the concept of illusion was among the Muslim philosophers Al-Farabi, who defined it by saying, “One of the inner powers is a power called illusion, which is what perceives from the senses what is not sensed, like the power that is in a sheep. If the image of a wolf appears in the sheep’s sense, its enmity and badness appear in it.” “Since the senses do not perceive it,” Ibn Sina also defined it by saying, “A power that perceives the partial meanings found in tangible objects” (Najati, 1980, p. 181).
As for Bacon, he uses the word “idola” in the literal meaning that the Greeks used for the corresponding Greek word (eidolon), which refers to a kind of illusion or false appearance, and not in the sense of an idol or idol that is worshiped. (Bacon, 2013, p. 28)
From this standpoint, we studied illusion among philosophers through selected models in particular, starting with Greek philosophy represented by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, passing through Islamic philosophy represented by Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, and modern philosophy represented by its philosophers Francis Bacon, and we will work to follow the inductive and comparative approach in studying this research.

This study sheds light on how Augustine's ideas in language and meaning were assimilated by the philosopher Wittgenstein. Augustine's writings on language were so important that they were studied by the philosopher of language Wittgenstein and several other philosophers who addressed them in their studies, whether they praised them or were scientifically criticized. Weingenstein is considered one of the philosophers who revolutionized the idea of meaning, after he presented a theory critical of previous theories that say the stability of meaning, and in this context of criticism, he is a critic of the medieval philosopher in the theory of language and meaning, so the context of the difference in the use of language and what it refers to, and this is what Research will answer it.

Sufis believe that the arts are an expression of the beauty of creation and the greatness of the Creator, based on a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace): “God is beautiful and loves beauty.” The influence of Sufism on the Islamic arts is clear, and this appears in architecture, decoration, calligraphy, poetry, and music. The artist has moved away from The direct transfer of nature and objects, in his decorative works. He stripped them of their natural form so as not to suggest annihilation. In the decorations, lines, and geometric shapes, we sense the values of Sufism represented in humility, simplicity, and self-denial. So decoration is considered one of the finest abstractions that have reached its peak in Islamic art, and the impact of Sufism in Islamic decoration. As Claude Kahn says, “The art of Islamic decoration confirms the intersection of the Sufi taste and the taste for beauty, and that repetition in decoration confirms the presence manifested in the universe.”
Music has also been linked to Sufism due to its nature of influencing hearts. The Sufis made it an accompaniment to their remembrances and dancing to bring the recipient to spiritual ecstasy, and to make the heart of its listener overflow with joy that elevates it and motivates him to submit to humility and draw closer to God Almighty through remembrance and worship

The research deals with a philosophical reading of the concepts (truth, truth and illusion), philosophy in general and philosophy of religion in particular. Where the concepts of truth and truth are among the basic concepts of the philosophy of religion, in order to search for the existence and proof of the divine, so the research shows how philosophy in ancient and current times reads those concepts, and how the contemporary American philosopher (Walter Stiss), where Stis presented a critique of a number of previous philosophies about those philosophical concepts, before that your new perceptions, where he in turn emphasizes that truth is a goal sought by man, while illusion is an obstacle that prevents the realization of the truth. He also points out that the illusion may be caused by external influences or misperceptions, and stresses the importance of seeking and verifying the truth before adopting it. It expresses its opinions, ideas, and perceptions, and constructs new conceptions of truth that may be different from those of previous philosophies through which man can infer the true existence of God.

The term biopolitics appeared in Foucault’s works, by which he means that everything that concerns humans is subject to authority, by which he means the method used to rationalize issues raised in governmental practice related to the phenomena of living things and what relates to them. Politics is concerned with population and the health that accompanies them, the birth rate and longevity, and these issues in a way were considered topics of political and economic bet until today. Biopolitics was concerned with the human being as a whole, not as an individual or a specific person, to direct the human being towards life and investing in it, not towards death. In contrast to the ancient past, politics in the name of the ruler was practiced to bring death and to kill people in the name of the law. Biopolitics replaced the old policy of surveying the individual and managing his life.

Interest in Nietzsche’s thought, whether critically or in an eminent way, is not limited to the effort of reading Ali Harb, but there are other works on the Nietzschean text. Nietzsche’s influence is constantly increasing in the Arab intellectual arena, and through his strong influence on the intellectual revolutions and philosophical currents that erupted and took shape in the second half of this century. Hence the ambiguous position that Nietzsche occupies, which makes it difficult to classify him among the philosophers who deal with philosophy with a traditional fundamentalist mentality. Nietzsche understood philosophy and practiced it in a way that violated established traditions and deviated from the established principles, as this is evident in other aspects of his thought and production.

The concept of practical intellect is considered one of the important concepts in Islamic philosophy, upon which Islamic thought in general and philosophical thought in particular are based. The general concept of practical intellect is found in theology, jurisprudence, and other disciplines. Its importance in Islamic philosophy is evident through its themes, which include: firstly, household management; secondly, ethics; thirdly, politics. In household management, it encompasses topics such as self-management, financial management, family management (spouse), children management, and service management. Therefore, its significance was considerable to Ibn Sina, who attempted to elucidate and address its themes. His topics were of great importance to the chief scholar, as the practical intellect holds a pivotal role in Islamic philosophy, being a cornerstone of Arabic and Islamic philosophy

Gathering is necessary for individuals and is to meet their needs, the individual is unable to provide the necessary needs for himself, so it required to find a state that provides him with those needs.the emergence of the state in Plato was for material need above all, the state was a means to meet the needs of the furs, while Hegel rejected that thing and promised the state an end, not a means. He rejected all the theories that argued that the basis of the state is human aggregation and promised that these societies are brutal societies and have not yet entered history. It has not reached the cultural and political consciousness. The existence of the state is only through the work of people, that is, from the work of the mind. The state.

The philosophers of the Frankfurt Critical School worked to criticize objectification and liberate man from the objectification practiced on man by capitalist societies, under which man was transformed into inanimate objects that could be traded. Man became like commodities and consumer goods, as man became bound by the restrictions of technology and the instrumental mind that controlled man’s consciousness and life. everyday life and make it more like a machine, as the Frankfurt philosophers, including Horkheimer, tried to liberate the human mind from reification, which made everything in nature capable of reproduction and consumption. Therefore, this research came to show the Frankfurt School’s criticism of reification in light of the dominance of commodities and the falsification of human consciousness, and to present Horkheimer’s critical theory, which tried In which man is liberated through enlightenment reason.

This research aims to study an important phenomenon in the Arabic language, which is the phenomenon of phonetic repetition in the poetry of Badawi al-Jabal. The significance of sound in Arabic is well-known, as language is essentially "sounds through which people express their purposes." Repetition is a distinctive stylistic feature in poetry, carrying semantic value and intensifying powers that complete the imagery and perform their suggestive function in harmony with the overall purpose intended by the speaker. It is also considered one of the most prominent stylistic phenomena for understanding literary texts. Its aesthetic appeal is highlighted in artistic texts through the alternation and repetition of words in the context of poetic expression, creating a musical rhythm intended by the poet in his verse or prose. Repetition sheds light on an important matter for the poet, revealed through its recurrence, and it is one of the tools that enhance the beauty and elegance of the text.This study elucidates the meaning of phonetic repetition linguistically and terminologically, presenting the views of both classical and modern Arabic scholars on it and its most important benefits in poetic texts—specifically in the collection of Badawi al-Jabal. These benefits include emphasis, increased alertness, and the repetition of related elements to negate negligence, among others. The study also highlights the main levels of repetition, namely repetition at the level of the letter, the word, the sentence, and the segment.

The American Dream has long been a symbol of hope and opportunity for individuals seeking a better life in the United States. This dream encompasses the belief that anyone, regardless of their background or social status, can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination. It is a driving force behind the founding principles of the nation and has inspired generations of immigrants and citizens alike. Through The Dream of America anyone can achieve their goals and create a better future for themselves and their loved ones.