Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The researchers touched on the importance of using the mind mapping strategy to teach students tennis skills, and it is an opportunity to increase the students’ comprehension and understanding. When a student or teacher starts making a mind map, several ideas are generated for them. As for the research problem, the researchers found a need to address the weak level of female students in the tennis course by following a teaching strategy based on the correct foundations and sound planning for the process of teaching skills commensurate with the level of learners and their capabilities. The strategy was one of the solutions that would overcome such a problem to develop their learning in a way that is consistent with achieving the objectives of educational lessons and their modern trends. The objectives of the research included preparing educational units and identifying the accuracy of the level of skill performance of the serve and the front and back groundstrokes skills in tennis. The researchers used the experimental method and the research sample represented third-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basrah.

Childhood is one of the stages that an individual goes through and affects his growth and the formation of his personality because he is affected by his surroundings. Therefore, many educators emphasized the necessity of providing an educational environment in which he practices movement and play through recreational programs prepared for children through which creative thinking develops. We aimed to prepare an educational curriculum with (Top Play and Top Sport) cards using recreational games for children to identify its impact on developing creative abilities. We assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the post-tests in the creative abilities of children aged (5-6) years for the two research groups and in favor of the experimental group, and the research population represented the same. Children of the Turkish Ishik Kindergarten in Basra for the academic year (2022-2023). The sample number was (20) children, with (10) children for each of the experimental groups that used cards and recreational games, and the control group that used the established method. We concluded that using cards with recreational games has a positive effect in developing the skills of fluency, originality, and imagination, and we recommended the need to benefit from cards and recreational games in developing the various motor abilities of children.

We are talking about important elements of speed, which are the translational speed of the lower limbs, kinetic speed of the armed arm, the kinetic speed of stabbing, the reaction speed and the speed of response in one performance, or what is called reactive speed. Therefore, the study aimed to prepare special exercises characterized by mixing the types of speed that fencing needs in one performance, and then to know the effect of these exercises in developing some kinetic sentences in the epee weapon. The experimental method was used in a controlled manner (experimental group and control group) with a pre- and post-test to solve the research problem. The main research sample was the female fencing team players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for girls, who numbered (14) players. The researchers concluded: Training reactive speed improved the performance of motor sentences among a sample for experimental research.
Therefore, the two researchers recommended: the necessity of using reactive speed training in fencing in addition to skill performance, and working to find tests for reactive speed in fencing and then working to develop them in special training.

The importance of research lies through the effectiveness of using the self-scheduling strategy (K-W-L) in learning the technical performance of the effectiveness of the long jump for the female students, as well as knowing which is better (the self-scheduling strategy or the followed approach) in the search variables. The researcher used the experimental approach with two control and experimental groups with two pretests And my distance. The research sample was from the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa for the academic year 2021-2022, who numbered 16 students from a community of 48 students, as they were chosen by the simple random method (lottery) and the statistical bag (spss) was used to extract the results, and through Presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, it was found that there is an effect of the self-scheduling strategy in developing the research variables between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group

The research includes an introduction and emphasizes the importance of understanding and improving athletes' experience in sports as one of the main objectives. Despite the importance of physical, skill-related, and tactical aspects of the game, as well as enhancing players' performance during competitions, there are certain psychological characteristics expected to significantly impact players' performance levels in achieving better results. "Experienced athletes usually have the ability to control their physical energies and, at the same time, improve the direction of this energy." The research aims to identify the psychological readiness and aggressive behavior of the fencing national team players, as well as to determine the degree of relationship between psychological readiness and aggressive behavior among the fencing national team players.
Regarding the research methodology, the researchers employed a descriptive approach using the survey method. The research population and sample consisted of 23 fencing players from the southern provinces, and the research instruments were applied to a sample of five players from the research population. The sample underwent psychological tests.

The researcher conducted his research tagged (effective management and its relationship to the efficiency of performance among the members of the Iraqi Central Federation for the game of archery), the aim of the research was to identify the ability of effective management in the union and its relationship to the efficiency of performance among the members of the Central Federation of archery, and the researcher used the descriptive approach of correlations Through the use of questionnaires that measure the two elements of effective management and performance efficiency in the research sample that was deliberately chosen from the research community, After completing the field research procedures by applying the questionnaires to the research sample by distributing them and answering their phrases by the respondents, the questionnaires were collected, their data downloaded, and statistical treatments were performed on them. The researcher drew the following conclusions, including the following: effective
members of the Iraqi Central Federation for Bow and Arrow have a good level of job performance.the researcher recommended the possibility of applying the two standards to the rest of the members of the Iraqi sub-federations for the bow and arrow game. The possibility of applying the standards to members of other Iraqi sports federations.

The research aims to prepare Rondo exercises for youth soccer players aged 18 – 20 years and to identify the impact of Rondo exercises in developing some endurance speed agility and visual vison for football players aged 18 – 20 years The researchers used the experimental method by designing the experimental and control groups The research community includes the players of khak club and kiwan sports club in football and those who officially participated in the Kurdistan Football League , which numbered (24) players The experimental group and the control group , The researchers used some physical tests including a speed endurance test running 5 × 30 meters with 30 seconds rest and an agility test , zigzag running around the barriers , visual vision test , peripheral vision , results were that the Rondo style exercises had a positive effect in the experimental group compared to the control group and testing endurance speed agility and visual vison among the research sample individual led to their development in the pre and post testes , The researchers recommend on the use of physical exercises and visual vision during the training units for age groups , In a way that is appropriate for the age group and the adoption of the study through the use of the training curriculum prepared Rondo method for the research sample 18 – 20 years .

The research had two goals - to design tests to evaluate the technical performance of players participating in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq handball league. Establishing grades and standard levels for the technical performance of players participating in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq handball league.The researchers used the descriptive approach using the analytical method, which is compatible with the nature of the problem to be studied. The research community was formed and included clubs (Erbil, Koya, Sulaymaniyah, Bardarash, Kirkuk, Ala, Soran, Rawanduz), and the research community consisted of (160) players. The nature of the research problem requires the researchers to use a number of means of collecting information in order to Obtaining correct and accurate results and data to implement the research requirements, and the final application of the designed tests was implemented after ensuring the validity of the tests through By finding scientific parameters and the suitability of the tests for the research sample, the researchers, with the help of the assistant work team, conducted the main experiment for the period from 1/7/2022 until 11/21/2022, and we concluded that by following special scientific methods to design the tests, a number of skill tests for handball players were achieved.

Practicing sports activities, especially organized ones, aims to develop the special physiological capabilities required to perform the sports activity practiced by the individual. There is no doubt that practicing these activities leads to the occurrence of many adaptations in the functional systems of the body, and that these biological adaptations that occur in the internal systems of the individual’s body increase the His functional capabilities Hence the importance of our study, which deals with some chemical functional indicators, including (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, lung capacity, lactic acid, hemoglobin, IgG), unit of attention and the extent of their relationship to performance endurance. The research problem is determined by explaining the role of performance endurance and its relationship to some functional indicators, chemical variables, and mental abilities represented by the sharpness of attention among members of the research sample. The research aims to identify the correlations between performance endurance and some functional and chemical indicators and sharpness of attention among competitive wrestlers The researchers adopted the survey method on a sample of wrestling players in the advanced category, numbering (12) wrestlers.

The importance of research be in finding new methods of interfering in training methods, identifying the best and most appropriate of these methods for learners, and providing appropriate and feasible learning opportunities that serve the educational process to develop the level of skill performance among novice volleyball players by using exercises according to the partial and total training methods in learning a skill. Smash with volleyball. As for the research problem, through the researcher’s experience in teaching and his observation of multiple methods of learning, he found that there are some methods that did not achieve the desired benefit in accelerating learning when used individually, so the possibility of inventing new methods is the ideal solution to move away from traditional methods The objectives of the research included preparing exercises according to the partial and total training methods in learning the spike volleyball for beginners. Where the researcher used the experimental method on the research sample represented by specialized school players (beginners) aged (11-14) years in Basra Governorate.

Physical effort in all sporting events, especially in individual games, requires a balanced physical effort, and this effort is linked to other basic aspects, including functional, skill and psychological. Also, tennis players during training and competitions make a high effort in terms of intensity, and the requirements for this work of aerobic and anaerobic capabilities are very high and require high functional efficiency of the player’s body and its various organs to meet these requirements, Then, on the other hand, the topic of hospitalization in modern sports training has become no less important than the training load, and it is the means used by the coach to influence the athlete in order to raise the level of performance and sporting achievements, as high sports results have become closely linked to the implementation of a high load linked to the recovery system at a high degree, not only during training, but during competition and the preparation period as well, The researchers worked on this work by selecting a sample of 20 advanced tennis players in Erbil clubs, A competition-like test was built and applied to the same sample after this exercise, which was based on the approvals of experts and specialists, and after application to the research sample, the researchers concluded that the cold water created a development in the achievement of the special physical abilities of tennis players (vertical jump from stability

the research aim at Designing a test to measure the speed and accuracy of the forehandand backhand offensive strikes of table tennis for players through our knowledge of all that is new in the sport of table tennis, we did not find a study or research or a means to measure the speed and accuracy of the forehand and backhand offensive strikes of table tennis player’s in At one time, for which we did not find a measure of the player’s ability with the training adaptations in terms of the intensity and difficulty of performance and its similarity to the different conditions and situations of the game to ensure its scientific evaluation. Where the descriptive approach was relied upon for the players of the Specialized School in Table Tennis, who numbered (42) players, after the exploratory experiment was conducted and the validity of the test was confirmed and the scientific specifications were available for it. It was applied to the sample, taking into account all legal procedures during the implementation of the final test and after collecting the results. It is discharged and processed statistically, and the researchers concluded:
The test, which was designed and proved its validity to measure the speed and accuracy of the forehand and backhand offensive strikes in table tennis, was reached to set scores and standard levels for the research sample.

The research aimed to: - Build two tools, one of which measures the regulation of personal feelings of physical education teachers in middle schools affiliated with the Babil Governorate Education Directorate from their point of view, and the second measures the sustainability of success of sports lessons in preparatory schools in Babil Governorate from the point of view of its teachers. - Determining the level of sustainability of success of sports lessons in middle schools affiliated with the Babil Governorate Education Directorate from the point of view of physical education teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach in both survey and correlational methods. The research community was limited to physical education teachers in the middle schools affiliated with the Babil Governorate Education Directorate, who numbered (210). (a teacher, and the researcher chose the main research sample from all members of the research community using a comprehensive enumeration method. The exploratory sample included I had (10) teachers, while the construction sample included (120) teachers, and the application sample included (80) teachers. In order to collect data, the researcher built a tool to measure the regulation of personal emotions for physical education teachers, as well as a tool for sustaining success for sports lessons in

The aim of the research is to- Preparing a scale to measure the exemplary leadership practices of secondary school principals affiliated with the Second Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate from the point of view of physical education teachers, and a scale to measure the professional commitment of physical education teachers in secondary schools affiliated with the Second Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate from their point of view.
2- Identify the extent to which secondary school principals affiliated with the Second Karkh Baghdad Education Directorate apply exemplary leadership practices from the point of view of physical education teachers.
The descriptive approach was used, as the research population consisted of physical education teachers in secondary schools affiliated with the Second Karkh Baghdad Education Directorate, numbering (371) teachers, while the main research sample consisted of (239) physical education teachers. The researcher prepared two tools, the first to measure the exemplary leadership of principals. Secondary schools, and the second to measure the professional commitment of teachers, and the researcher concluded: - The effectiveness of the exemplary leadership scale for principals of secondary schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad Al-Karkh II was verified from the point of view of physical education teachers, as well as the effectiveness of the professional commitment scale for physical education teachers there from their point of view. After applying scientific procedures to them in Chapter Two

The study aimed to: identify the differences between before and after physical effort in measuring the physiological indicators under study To identify the differences between before and after the physical effort in the basic skills tests of futsal, the researcher used the descriptive approach and the method of correlation studies, and the researcher identified a community The research included (12) players of the South Refineries Club in futsal football participating in the Iraqi Premier League for the football season 2022-2023. Some players were excluded due to injury and goalkeepers were excluded, so the researcher chose a sample consisting of (7) Players in a deliberate manner and by (58.3%) of the original research community, and the researcher homogenized the sample in order to know the level of its normal distribution in the variables (height, age, weight, training age, pulse rate, pressure, and arterial blood oxygen saturation at rest). The researcher reached a number of conclusions, which is to increase the number of exercises that improve functional efficiency and help maintain the internal balance of the body in a manner that is consistent with the energy system of soccer players The researcher recommends the need to increase the number of exercises that improve functional efficiency and help maintain the internal balance of the body in a way that is consistent with the energy system of soccer players.

The study aimed to identify the effect of an educational program using reciprocal and multi-level methods on learning attacking skills in volleyball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Misan. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a purposive sample of (40) students from the second stage. The researchers used the experimental method with one of its designs, pre-test and post-test, to suit it for the purposes of the research. The study sample was divided into two experimental groups, where the first experimental group learned using the reciprocal method, while the second experimental group learned using the multi-level method. The researchers concluded that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in all the skill variables under investigation and in favor of the post-test among members of the second experimental group (the multi-level method). The researchers recommend several recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using the reciprocal and multi-level methods in learning offensive volleyball skills among students. College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.

The aim of the research is to: - Identify the reality of the school climate in Erbil Governorate schools from the point of view of physical education teachers and identify the level of job performance of physical education teachers in Erbil Governorate schools from the point of view of school principals.The research sample included 15 school principals to determine the job performance of physical education teachers in the same schools. The research sample also included (15) physical education teachers in order to identify the reality of the school climate of the schools to which they belong.For the purpose of measuring the reality of the school climate, the researchers used a scale that consists of five axes: (the relationship between students - the relationship between students and teachers - the relationship between students and school administration - the relationship between teachers and school administration - school problems). The researchers resorted to constructing a measure of job performance consisting of four axes. It is (the teaching performance axis - the scientific research axis - the activity axis in the school - the behavioral axis). After conducting statistical studies, the scale is finally made up of (32 items).