Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Our research examines the role marked by British diplomats and military attaches trading in contraband follow-up activities in the Arabian Gulf (1880-1914) Those activities preoccupied pal government Britons fear their interests deployed in most of the countries of the Arabian Gulf during the period placed research and thus dealt a researcher at the theme of the first activities in this area and the quality of the smuggled goods and the reason for smuggling points of smuggling , while the second theme was the situation in the Brussels conference , which was held in Brussels on April 28, 1908 , which stressed the prevention of arms trade , then their role in the competition between Britain and other countries and the position of the Ottoman Empire , and finally from the activities in it and finally their activities in this jurisdiction in some countries of the Arabian Gu

When good fortune befalls an acquaintance, it is common for others to express positively their ideas and feelings about it. It is considered a sign of jealousy if other person who hears the good news doesn’t show or express his/her pleasure on what has happened to the addressee. In a situation of happy news, speakers mostly try to show their happiness by saying “congratulations”. Failure to do that may pose feelings of resentment and ill will. However, the patterns and expressions they use to express responses may vary in different situations.

One of the most important ways to keep harmony and good relationship among people who live together is congratulating each other in different occasions. These occasions may be wedding parties, having newly- born babies in the family, getting a new degree and so on. This study deals with the responses of the speech act of congratulation in Duhok society, when people meet each other face-to-face in special occasions. The study aims at analyzing the congratulations’ responses strategies made by Kurdish students (males and females, 3rd and 4th stages in English department. It also attempts to show the similarities and differences between males’ and females’ responses. The results have been analyzed in terms of the taxonomy proposed by Elwood (2004), representing the basic verbal strategies used by the Kurds in responding to other’s happy news. Based on the modified version of Browns and Levinson’s model of politeness (1987), the study examined the positive politeness strategies in congratulation speech act. The data gathered have been descriptively analyzed according to the content and frequency of semantic formulas .In order to arrive at statistical results, the percentage of the most frequently used strategies was counted.
Key words: congratulation, responses, speech acts,

In the name of Allah and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family and companions and allies .
And after.
The search is marked "deletions in the Quranic text graphic study" aims to define researchers accurately sense the Quranic through the phenomenon of deletion, this deletion is not only for altruistic for lightness guide and do not even have the statement form of cryptography and mystery, and to show that the statement is not making Ajtalph mind the apparent meaning of the phrase but in the innermost expression of the need to show it hidden into the Transfiguration tastefully printed and a sound system that need to kindness phrase in tracing the effects of meanings, lest we fall in the pitfalls of overlapping concepts in the text of the Quran .
Research that has been required is divided into three sections and pave the finale and then the results, either the first section was to delete the name and the first three demands in the deletion of the actor, and the second in the deletion of the object, and the third in the deletion of the case. The second topic and makes it to delete the verb and the three demands, first delete the past tense, and the second in the deletion of the present tense, and in the third act delete it. And the third section, Fajssth to delete the character and the three demands, in the first and second Alaba Delete to delete the letter waw, and third in the deletion of the character (of). And that the most important findings of the results in the phenomenon of deletion is the expansion and the launch of the meanings as well as uncover secrets of the meanings and clarify fundamentalists and scholars wary of the pitfalls of overlapping concepts, it became clear through the phenomenon of deletions that the loss of taste and of course sound does not understand the mysteries of meanings, and that the deletion showed courage in directing some Koranic readings and establish estimates that maintains the integrity of meaning, and research has proven that the deletion is not finished when called virtue were brief and to the shortcut ,but other graphic signals.

Thene wane objectives that made the French nthoritie to Launch a Campaign to the East some to these objectives were politicos , others were economic because Egypt was a site that links the three continents ; Asia , Africa and Europe H was a commercial path between the East and the west .
The campaign set out to Egypt then to Syria there napoleon was defeated . he couldnot cross Syria . hence the title of this study stems '' Napoleons siege to akka '' .
The people in akka foughtso bravely unber the leabership of ahmed pasa aljaae thatnapoleon was forced to rotvea tbackr to Egypt The study is divided in to fire sections thw first section deals with the stimuli of the csmpain to the east . the secovd section deals with French prpations to fovm agraeat campaign and their mwasures to vid the british fleet.
The third section accounts for how the frensh could invade Egypt , the fection deals with the f rnch campaign against Syria and their preparatiovs for the campaign the last section accounts for the akkans attempts to face the French army
The study depends on important resoures that contribute a lal in enriching it one of these resourcesis al jaberti ( 19000) ; the history of ajaib al – akhbar in fil – tarajim wal akhbar there are other vesources that we made we of some of which are Arabic , others ore foreign other periodicals contributed a lot in thin respect .

The research includes the five-door , as it contains the first door on the definition of research , which includes the introduction of research and its importance , as well as the research problem . The second subject includes theoretical studies and similar to the researchers , as touched on the concept of Albulayomterc Albulayomterc and the effect of exercise , the researchers also looked to the explosive power , the correction handball , handball accuracy correction , as well as similar studies . The third chapter guarantees the research methodology and procedures field as researchers used the experimental method with two Almtkavitin experimental and control groups in solving the problem of the research , and the research sample is composed of 16 players make up the percentage ( 36.36 %) of the original , as well as process the data statistically . And ensure that Part IV view and analyze and discuss the results of tests for research, as well as connectivity relations between the explosive power on one side and the accuracy of the correction term jumping the other hand , has strengthened the researchers Part IV tables . The Title V guarantees the conclusions and recommendations, as researcher concluded that the exercises Albulayomterc a positive impact in the development of explosive power among members of the research sample, has recommended the researchers need to take care exercises power in general, and explosive power , especially , as well as the attention exercises Albulayomterc in the training curriculum for all sporting events in general and Game Handball in particular.

This research aims to reveal the origins of reasoning morphological when modern linguists, and the statement of their curriculum and their tools that will help them out in the field with a display of some of the models Altalilah when modernists and studied in-depth study with reference to what it was when the ancient Abvien The research found that the study audio language Arabic was what OAS reasoning in these recent studies not withstanding the efforts of scientists the first two in this section

The tornado of the quarrel between Al Taayeen is considered as one of the strongest critical battles in the Arabic literature field and its importance sets up in being the basic of the method (the pole of poetry). That quarrel characterized by different critical rules, so sometimes it is standard under objective authority and at times it is away from critical principles and tests to be included with fanaticism and libel without basing on convincing ways. And the last made me to specify the features of fanaticism of the quarrel to stand up on their ways which is away from objective field without taking in consideration the theory of (sacredness) which our modern critics gave to those who were preceded, for example they say that (the judgment of the big critic was fair, or that was right without depending on critical principles and tests). So, this research came under the title of (the figures of fanaticism in the rule between Al Taayeen
I meant to divide the research into two parts; the first part was an introductory study in which I summarized the explanation about the creed of both groups. Therefore, I briefed about the creed of Abi Tamam pointing to the most important artistical features and then I dealt with the creed of Al Buhtry which is printed according to the old poets manner.
In the second part, I discussed the features of fanaticism in the rule of Al Taayeen and especially the ways of judgment on the poetry of Abi Tamam, I also detailed the explanation of how some critics follow their own tastes and liking in judgment on the poetry of Abi Tamam and Al Buhtry which made them give critical decisions without convincing scientific evidences.

After this scientific trip, the time is come to summarize the most important findings as follows:

First: Scientists agreed that standing in the obligatory prayer is duty, but they are differed in who is seat and pray the standing one.
First doctrine: permitted who is seat and pray the standing one.
Second doctrine: don’t permit who is seat and pray the standing one.
The most correct: pray behind unable to do correctly under Rule: from his prayer is valid true prayer; but provided that Imam should be the best one in reading the Holy Quran, preferably, that who led the prayer leave instead him someone else to end that dispute, and God knows best.
Secondly: The scholars differed in the right congregation to pray sitting behind patient Imam, and there are three points:
The first speech: It is not permissible to pray congregation sitting it is able to do behind patient sitting Imam, but praying congregation stood behind the patient sitting Imam.
The second: If the Imam prays with sitting, at this time all the congregation should pray sitting behind him.
The third: it isn’t right the prayer for the Imam to pray behind the patient.
It shows to me that the third opinion is weak; because its evidence is weak, which can not be reciprocated. While the second and the third opinion is stronger than the first.

Novel is made up of some elements including characters, time, place, and incident. What we want to mention here is the character that plays an important role in the artistic structure of any novel.
So the novel losses its strategy without this component.
There fore, character is a major subject in novel and it has captured the critics attention. it seems that the structure of any novel depends on its characters i.e . the lack of character in any novel makes the other element not to play a good role in the artistic structure of the novel. There fore, the novelists have paid lots of attention to show the characters in the novel. They express all their intentions and aims through the exposition of various characters so that the readers will be acquainting with the nature of characters, due to covering a wide area in the novels by characters, we intend to shed light on character in Hussein arifs novel (andeshay mirovek), we have divided this paper into tow chapters.
The first chapter falls into three sections: the first section deals with the term character linguistically and lexically. The second section introduces the definition and concept of character according to some sociologists and psychologists, and in section three, importance of character in the novel has been mentioned.
The second chapter also falls into three sections: the first section is about various types of characters according to function, nature importance and the structure and the structure of characters. The second section introduce the summary of Hussein arifs novel (andeshay mirovek), third section sheds light on the analysis of characters in the novel crilically.

The ame of current research is to identify the level of psychological contamination among the students of the Faculty of Education at the University of Kirkuk, and the knowing of the differences in psychological pollution among students according to the variables of sex and stage of study, the sample consisted of 200 students, (100 male and 100 females), for this purpose the researchers Put measure of psychological contamination consisting of (50) as the final paragraph.

After conducting the validity and reliability of the scale of psychological pollution, It had been applied to measure the research sample, and using statistical methods (samples t-test for one sample, and for two independent samples, and the Pearson correlation coefficient)

They found the following results:
1. The Presence a level of psychological contamination among the students of the Faculty of Education at the University of Kirkuk.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of psychological contamination of the students of college of Education according to the variables of sex, and grade.

In light of these results the authors suggested a number of recommendations and future studies .

The study deals with relative clauses in English and Turkish. It states the formal characteristics and restrictive/non – restrictive relative clauses in these two languages. It aims at showing the similarities and differences at some points in relative clauses between English and Turkish.

It is hypothesized that there are differences in grammatical structures between these two languages in relative clauses. The study has arrived at the following conclusions:

1- In English, all relative clauses are finite while in Turkish most of them are non –finite and some of them are finite.
2- Relative clauses in English are determined by pronouns, whereas in Turkish they are suffixes.
3- In English, personal and non-personal pronouns are used in relative clauses, while in Turkish the same suffixes are used to refer to personal and non-personal.

The study proposes to identify the status of the multilingual academic libraries’ (OPAC) Online Public Access Catalog in Arabian Gulf Countries from the design, subject, effectiveness, and distribution. The study explains the evaluation by using the usability test. The strengths and weaknesses in websites sample of study, as the library interface reflects the library services.

The researcher’s aim, is to explain the students viewpoint to evaluate the academic libraries websites in four central academic libraries, which are United Arab Emiraties University, Sultan Qaboos University, University Of Bahrain, and King Faisal University.

The researcher focuses on some elements of the evaluation. Traditional library serves user face to face, however, library OPAC reflects traditional libraries on the web without librarian's assistance. The researcher concludes that the results of the study will become a model for academic and non-academic sites, and open the doors for the way other sites to redesigned.

nse of the reality of questioning setting to determine the type of activity response in what the cThe paper deals with the question tool "هل" and what rich and beautiful meanings it provides. It is used for questioning but there are more than this meaning behind it. It extends to express more than the meaning of questioning to include different metaphorical purposes that are understood from the context. It expresses more than the meaning of questioning in the Noble Quran to cover negation, denying, informing, realization, command and other minute meanings in a beautiful context reflected by the respoontext sketches to it arriving at the intended meaning and the goal behind this great book.

Despite the compranhensive and continuous development aimed at improving educational outcomes and rias the level of quality.however the meditator to teaching general,and specially mathematic teaching,notes that the learing outcomes in mathematics did not reach and acceptable level pearls.as it is facing many problems,it leads to lower educational way of teaching mathe and lack of motivation towards learing.
The attention of the researcher by collection came to confront the challenges facing the educational development,so this research to know the impact of creative learning strategy in academic achievement for student in sixth grade primary by hypothesis of no difference statistically significant at a level of significance(0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimrntal group was teaching and the average scores control group which was the usual way teaching .using the reseaecher an experimental design in two to groups (experimental and control) the choice of dimensions after that the researcher chose the school of “hawar” to apply the experience in ti. And randomly chose two divisions,one of the division represented the first division (A) as an experimental group about(20)students have been teaching by using creative learing strategy, the second division was represented (B)as a control group about(20) students have been teaching by the normal way,and this the number of members of the sample(40) students.the two groups were equal in terms of (the life time of the students measured in months and the collection of the previons school in mathematics),they studies according to the daily plans in each groups and it was buit the compentence test of multiple choice,the number of test reached(20)numbers and it was confirmation of the sincerity and stability whichreached(0.86) (after the test application andstatistical data processing by using (t.test) the search resulted in the following:
There is a statistical significance difference among the scores of students who have been teaching (by usibg creative leaing strategy) and the control group who have been used with them the normal method in teaching,for the experimental group who have been teaching them by using creative learning strategy.

Praise be to Allah, and enough is enough and peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad Mustafa and his family and his companions, and after: base is: (a lesson general body of expression is not about the cause), which is built on the basis of which a lot of the provisions of the law in various sections of jurisprudence, and was the cause of the different scholars in many of the issues I tried to highlight that rule, a statement in its essence and meaning and apply it and how it was extracted jurisprudence based on them, was a research entitled: (Abra base generality pronunciation and models of applications jurisprudence).

It does not pretend that the subject has not been studied previously, but I can say firmly that it has wrote it, but I tried to be a search in a different way through exclusive wrote applicants from scientists, and to be the order of demands and reasoning according to the order in which they dealt with the majority of fundamentalists this subject in their books, and the transfer of their views in the construction and development of the lesson base generality word is not about reason, He came Search on three demands: first: Definition base (lesson general body of expression, not about the cause), and the second edit dispute and how to build a fundamentalist base (lesson general body of expression), and the third: models for applications doctrinal related base (lesson generality word), then Conclusion In a statement, the results that have been reached through the search.

It remains what I wrote in this research effort humanly modest and subject to the receipt of deficiency and error, what it was properly so it is Allah alone has the praise first and foremost.

Book being aware is the cash book Bacola (T 543 e) as stated in the book of the argument to my father on the Persian (T 377 H), and the meanings of the Qur'an Glass (T 311 H), and the characteristics and injury to the son of reaping (T 392 H

Which dealt with the voice matters, a substitution and slurring, tilt and followers, and saturation, mitigation, and stress and insults

Book of being aware of important books and is in direct readings, as well as to inform the broad Albacola the works of Abu Ali Persian Sibawayh and son taking in the criticism of their words

This study deals with the phenomenon of the relational adjective in Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie’s book (Inspired Pen), and shedding light on the related issues. This book was selected because of its great significance in the field of the nation's life and the thought in the modern era. It also represents Al-Rafe'ie’s effort and his art in the interweaving Arabic Language Systems as well as the book is rich in its material of the morphological application. Al-Rafe'ie used the relational adjective with stressed (ya') and morphological formats. The Arabs amended in some places from relational adjective with stressed (ya') using (faa'l), (fae'l) and (fe'l). Each formula indicates various meanings before determining meaning by evidences. Al-Rafe'ie also dealt with the irregular relational adjective of the morphological principle in some of his articles.

Selection the subject ((the apparentness of European universities in the Middle Ages))formed great importance as the European universities in the Middle Ages have had a prominent role in the evolution of the European Society for later and by vantage to these universities to show elements had a leading role in the leadership of the European society, and achieve quality and quantity skips in all aspects of life reflected in the European reality in duration located between eleventh and thirteenth centuries, as though these universities worked to consolidate the concepts that were prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages to form A historic turning point for the subsequent periods starting from the Renaissance passed the modern era.
The research found a number of conclusions are as follows:
* Denial a lot of Europeans a vantage of the Arab-Islamic civilization in the genesis of European universities in the middle Ages.
* Gradual transformation that was an inevitable result of the evolution of the European Community, as it was this transformation of schools, monasteries and cathedrals to an academic institution.
* Incubation a lot of kings and emperors, princes and popes these universities to serve personal purposes or in order to get a scientific or material gain.

The Orientalist studies and one of the important studies in the present day, because many historians and researchers looked at the Orientalism and Orientalists part of a historical movement that influenced the civilization and culture of Arabic and Islamic as they credited with building bridges of communication and cultural interaction between different civilizations, but these studies are not without vagaries and interpretations that are not based on firm facts or stories documented, with some link them to the forgery intentionally historical phenomena as some of them of the reason for the development of plans and ideas to break up and the occupation of the Muslim world, and this was confirmed by Bernard Lewis said: ((either to put them under the sovereignty or invite them to destroy our civilization and do not mind re-occupation of that mission declared to be training people in the region to democratic life)).
It is worth mentioning that this awareness did not unique to Lewis, but has become a culture can be monitored is interested in history, including the bar and the other so it was the duty of the people of history to get to know these Orientalists and for all what they wrote about the history of positive Islam and highlight the negative their sides whereby they try to demolish Islam and history directly or indirectly yourselfers or non-yourselfers, this came to my book Carl Brockelmann (history of the Islamic peoples) to show the negative aspects of writing with regard to the era of the Ayyubid state in the era of the Crusades.

This Study includes a Chronological Follow up To The Egyptian diplomatic support To The Algerian issue For The period 1954-1962 Via The Afro-Asian conferences, United Nation ,and Arab League .The Egyptian stance Which was supporting The Algerian Revolution was not only restricted to the military and financial support ,it exceeded that to have the diplomatic support that was represented by the Egyptian stance was supporting to the Algerian issue in the Afro-Asian conferences ,meeting of Arab League and United Nation body Egypt initiated its support to the Algerian Revolution from the first days .The Arab Voice Radio in Cairo manifested the revolution and encouraged the Algerian fighters and gathering the global general word opposite France . The supporting Egyptian stance reflected an importing reality which is represented in the influence of Egypt was clear on the Arab conferences or United Nations body and Arab League .the speech of the Egyptian delegation were characterized with violence and talking to France directly .those speeches carried a clear reference represented by joining the diplomatic fight with the Egyptian reality and relying on the legal and historical evidences for giving the Algerian issue the legal and lawful status .The Egyptian support synchronized .the Algerian issue diplomatically during the years of the Algerian revolution 1954-1962.the Algerian issue was one of the significant cases that had been listed on the agenda of the Egyptian delegates domestically and internationally. that led to make this issue accepted and achieved concord among the people of Asia and Africa together .the efforts of Egypt in those conferences were one of the major factors in proceeding the armed fight towards achieving the dependency of Algeria. The diplomatic Egyptian effort had had its clear positive role on The Algerian issue and accelerating the French-Algerian negotiation ,which had led to the gaining of the Algerian people to its Right in Self-Determination and rescuing it totally from the French tutelage.

Scientists say that " ألا " is a notifying tool. It refers to the achievement of what follows it. The beauty of sound that is composed of "ا" then " ل " finally rising with "ا " that gives the feeling of warning from it extension. And how this tool is merged with the Quranic context with the other items to gather the attention of the hearer as a whole and put it in what picture intended to be felt. It will be respondent to its meaning and substance and reconsidering its ends and what it wants to fulfill in a beautiful Quranic structure. This is clear when there is another emphatic structure like"إن"

The Present research aims at investigating the role of a counselor in maintaining the thought security for preparatory school students. Sample consist of (250) male and female counselors in Nineveh Governorate. To fulfill the aim of the research, the researcher prepared an instrument of (41) items. The t-test z-test and Pearson correlation for mule.
Have been used as statistical means to analyze data. The findings show that the role of counselors are active in maintaining the thought security for the students in regards to the view of male and female consulted teachers. The findings also show that female counselors are more active than male counselors in maintaining the thought security according to the view of female consulted teachers. In the Light of the findings above.
The researcher set. Number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current study tries to shed light on the impact of cooperative learning on developing, expanding, and growing the students’ information in learning English as a foreign language. This study aims to investigate the effect of the cooperative method and compare it with traditional methods of teaching English language. The study also tries to reveal the benefits of ‘cooperative learning’ in many aspects.
A sample of 84 students in the first year, Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, has been chosen.
They are divided into two equal groups: 42 students for the control group and 42 students for the experimental group. It is hypothesized that there is no significant difference between the means of the control group and that of the experimental group. After instruction for 6 weeks, a test has been constructed, its validity and reliability have been measured, and then applied on the students. The data have been analyzed, results obtained and finally a number of conclusions and recommendations are given.

The Arabic language is characterized by its adhering to the aesthetic sense through its commitment to the rhythm and its interest in metre which the ear likes even if it does not add to the meaning. Phonetic sequence is evidence in this concern. We Often use in our speech the words that follow other words which are consistent in metre, such as: (rjl hsn bsn), (rjl ja’ na’) and (shytan lytan) asserting and strengthening the speech. Phonetic sequence is one of the norms of the Arabs in their speech. The Arabic language is not the only language that used it, but shared it with other languages. Scientists differ in their attitudes in this subject. They disagree in their perception of Phonetic sequence as a result of differences in its features and restrictions. Some of them stipulate in the follower not to be singled out in the speech or which does not make a sense, or which makes an artificial sense. They also stipulate no to separate the followed and the follower by using the coordinator (and). Al-Rafe'ie benefited from Phonetic sequence which saved it from the heritage and used it in his book. This study has been divided into two sections. The first section deals with Phonetic sequence linguistically and idiomatically, in addition to its meaning, its features, its limitations, and differentiating it from the assertion. The second section deals with models of Phonetic sequence that have been employed in the book (Inspired Pen). The study terminates with conclusion that sums up its findings.

This research which is titled as ‘’ narcissism phenomenon in Nali poems’’, is an attempt to a psychological analysis of some of Nali’s poems. So, here, from a psychological point of view, according to this method, we study the world of Nali’s poems, and we regard the basis of narcissism which colored a group of Nali’s poems. Accordingly, the research and the conclusions drawn, scientifically shed a light on the personality of Nali, some psychological knots, and several mysterious aspects of the poet’s personality which has not been dealt with so far. To achieve these objectives, we conducted our research in the frame of two parts; the first part deals with the concept of narcissism phenomenon at the leaders of the physiological analysis method in general, and ‘Freud’ particularly, in this part we focus on the point of views which will then be a scientific ground to go forward to build the second part of the research. The second part is concerned with ‘narcissism phenomenon with Nali’’ and according to narcissism concept we investigate those texts of Nali which reflected Nali’s narcissism as an artist, and finally, the conclusion o

This study looks for cognitive style characterized by mental obscurantism, and began searching the idea of disclosure of this concept and its components and the extent of the presence of this type of cognitive styles among university students because few Arab studies in this field.
This study aimed to identify the level of isolation mental with students of the Faculty of Science at the University of Kirkuk, and to identify the level of isolation mental with students of the Faculty of Science due to sex and class and place of residence, and researcher prepared for this scale purpose-lock mental consisting of (50), paragraph, and in front of all paragraph three alternatives, and study sample consisted of 200 students, of whom 100)) male students and 100 female students were female, chosen by random stratified way, and using samples t-test for one sample and test samples t for two independent samples .
And found the results to be university students are more inclined to lock mental. The results also showed no statistically significant differences in the level of mental isolation due to gender and grade and place of residence .
The researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions .

The novel of "Shmos Al-Ghajer" for the Syrian novelist (Hayder Hayder) has dealt with crucial problematic issue concerning of Ego and the other, so the novel has made attempts to symbolize this problem through showing the current patterns of relationships between Ego and the other (domestic), then Ego/narrator/female rose her views, ideas, obsessions, and fears, and explained the real cultural, intellectual, and psychological for the domestic other with multi images and forms.

The research aims to detect changes in the characteristics of landforms for the Euphrates Valley within the boundaries of the search area and the factors the causative her to found and atherzlk on population and economic their activities
‎ The sinuosity ratio of the stream was 1.51 in 1990 and increased in to 1.53 in 2010. The number of ‎islands in the area under study was 29 island for both years 1990 and 2010 . In the final year 13 islands were burned opposite 12 islands were merged with banks of Euphrates‎ and one island was disappeared . The area of flood plain increased from 357.8 km ² in 1990 in to 363 km ² in ‎‎2010 . There were three oxbow lakes (Alsarat) in 1990 and ‎the largest was Sarat Alsufia (901154 m²) and then Sarat Albopale (211486 m²), and ‎the least Sarat Alyehoodi an area of (51 605 m ²). In the 2010 the number of oxbow lakes ‎decreased in to two, by disappearance of Sarat Alyehoodi .
These changes in landforms influenced ‎ on human activities ‎including irrigation, agriculture and roads as well as environmental impacts

This research deals with the study of the novel of ( Juma'a ul-Khafary ) as a texture and literary study through a significance approaching spreads in the limits of the poetic language. The explanation that appears as a result of a reading action and leaves an impression expresses the modern of the meanings that reveals through a deep desire of explanation.
This approaching represents a significance opens the novel's text in front the points of views. Controlled by the nature of the text. It includes a signs contacts with the limits of the text that reveals throughout the present. So the effort represents in this research about what the text means and this reveals the construction of the literary text.
Takes from a significance side a centre to read a text and the rules throughout a repetition readings. The final result will be a hypothesis from the literary text. If the significance was in the construction of the literary text, so the significance will make a gracefulness and artistical lights draws to itself an especial sign takes a great place in the poetic text. And not the significance that the readings realized the meaning which limits the desire of the readers. Also agrees with the text between the meaning and the significance.

The importance of the health services for any society reflects the extend of the economic and social development of the country, as one of the basic necessities of the population. Many counties were interested in this aspect, because the development of the health services is the evidence to the country's ability to achieve economic and social development and to the society function efficiently.
This requires evenly special distribution of health services appropriate to the population density in the city sectors
The main objective of this study is to identify the reality of health services in the city Koysanjaq in 2014, through a number of health indicators and their application to see the statement of the degree of efficiency of these services, the study included two important aspects: First; the geographical distribution of health institutions in the city Koysanjaq, while the second aspect considered the assessment of the special and functional efficiency of health institutions based on a number of indicators of domestic and international standards used in this field.
The results f the analysis showed that the health services in the study area suffers from poor distribution and inadequate causing pressure on the service and adversely affect the level of health of the population, the study resulted in a set of conclusions and recommendations.

This research aims to study the impact of the employment of metaphor in Arabic grammar analysis style blending between linguistic studies and originality antique, made the stream of intellectual guidance, making grammarians relying upon heavily to reach the grammatical issues doing revealing minute issues that came in it, which is a guide to those issues
The study of metaphor in this research unrelated side rhetorical, but it is a direct syntactic the structures that emerged from the truth there was not left her only be directed towards the metaphor, but this is looking for signs of aesthetic metaphor and its impact on linguistic structures, it will not find any of them in this research; because employ metaphor in grammatical composition came in the distant analytical scientific aspect to mention metaphorical purposes .
Has research plan and built a prelude was a useful input to understand the issue of research and three sections depending on the extrapolation of scientific material, as eating first topic: the impact of metaphor in the establishment of the term and to identify employment, the fact that the term is the first episode of the grammar lesson rings, eat second topic: the impact of metaphor discrimination in the dissenting opinions of the language system and rules, because the views are complementary institution to a statement of terms and their interpretation, and in the third section has to address the impact of metaphor in guiding structures contrary to the speaker system to be completed by a survey of all the components of metaphor in Arabic grammar.

This research sheds light on the impact of the phenomenon of Psychological meanings, an aspect of the linguistic behavior of the language user. Different psychological aspects of feelings that appears on human beings in so many languages, especially in Arabic, are expressed via changing the music of the utterance that is called "intonation". There are different intonational patterns. These patterns differ due to the attitudinal emotions of the special tone pattern such as for the attitudes of satisfaction, anger, sarcasm, mockery, and admiration. For example the Arabic expression "ya salam" receives different meaning relying on the different intonation patterns in which it is used, in cluding admiration, sarcasm, exaggeration, intimidation, and the like.
Accordingly, this research tries to identify those patterns and the meaning they convey.
In the second part, I discussed the features of fanaticism in the rule of Al Taayeen and especially the ways of judgment on the poetry of Abi Tamam, I also detailed the explanation of how some critics follow their own tastes and liking in judgment on the poetry of Abi Tamam and Al Buhtry which made them give critical decisions without convincing scientific evidences.