Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Abstract:

This study sheds light on the significance of a location or geographic area in drawing planning and regional development processes. It can be seen through the capabilities of that location in terms of the environmental, human, or economic components, whether integrated or part of them, and how the planner deals with them in order to achieve complete regional development. The geographer will be consulted for this work with economists, geologists, and planners because he is the best at illustrating these routes due to the scientific knowledge he has of the local peculiarities. The research ideas are developed in a theoretical and practical form based on the inventive abilities of the successful geographer who makes the abandoned region a source of life in a prosperous manner. In this regard, it covers consumer costs and the export of surplus outside of its borders, all in accordance with an objective geographical vision whose ideas resulted from the accumulated experiences of researchers in the field of planning and regional development.

Summary
The study deals with studying the crime of theft as a social phenomenon and identifying the most important social and economic causes that affect the spatial variation of the crime in order to find a set of proposals that contribute to addressing this social phenomenon.
The research included three themes as the first theme addressed the causes of crime while the second theme addressed the spatial distribution of theft crime cases in Dhi Qar Governorate. The study concluded with the third theme, which is the effects, results and solutions to the crime of robbery.
The most important findings of the research were that the Nasiriyah district ranked first with (50) crimes, that is, (56%) of the total crimes registered in the governorate for the year 2020. And that more than three quarters of of the robbery crimes recorded in Dhi Qar Governorate are among illiterate and semi-literate (illiterate - primary school graduates) groups with a rate of (22.9%, 62.2%), respectively, while the rest of the registered crimes were distributed among other groups, high school graduates with a rate of (11.4%) and high school graduates (3.1%).

Abstract :
It is no secret to all those interested in the sustainable development of natural resources in Iraq, specifically the (oil) resource that it is mainly related to ways of being able and rationally benefiting from this resource, as well as preserving the right of subsequent generations from it, with scientific and practical procedures sober, based on the approved principles of development. Without the intended and unintended waste and depletion of this resource, especially if it exceeds its reasonable limits disproportionate to the actual need, or not reflected by its returns on the ground in terms of construction, reconstruction and investment.
The basics of sustainable development are based on the production and investment of this important resource, which began production since 1927 from the Kirkuk field in northern Iraq, and its production continues in other fields, in addition to its production in the southern (Basra and Maysan) and northern (Nineveh), Salah al-Din, and other fields. . Until its production reached about four and a half million barrels per day. Iraq sets its sights on reaching production of seven and a half million barrels per day, by 2025. These basics are the realization of the indicators (economic, social, environmental, and institutional), and that they be based on taking the necessary steps to overcome the most prominent obstacles facing oil production, most notably (OPEC control over production quantities, weak investments, weak diversification of economic sources, and limited benefit from high Oil prices.) In addition to its most prominent features, facing strategic challenges, the most important of which are (the high population growth rate, the rentier nature of the economy, political instability, and weak institutional performance), as well as an understanding of the current general economic and political situation in Iraq.
Abstract :
It is no secret to all those interested in the sustainable development of natural resources in Iraq, specifically the (oil) resource that it is mainly related to ways of being able and rationally benefiting from this resource, as well as preserving the right of subsequent generations from it, with scientific and practical procedures sober, based on the approved principles of development. Without the intended and unintended waste and depletion of this resource, especially if it exceeds its reasonable limits disproportionate to the actual need, or not reflected by its returns on the ground in terms of construction, reconstruction and investment.
The basics of sustainable development are based on the production and investment of this important resource, which began production since 1927 from the Kirkuk field in northern Iraq, and its production continues in other fields, in addition to its production in the southern (Basra and Maysan) and northern (Nineveh), Salah al-Din, and other fields. . Until its production reached about four and a half million barrels per day. Iraq sets its sights on reaching production of seven and a half million barrels per day, by 2025. These basics are the realization of the indicators (economic, social, environmental, and institutional), and that they be based on taking the necessary steps to overcome the most prominent obstacles facing oil production, most notably (OPEC control over production quantities, weak investments, weak diversification of economic sources, and limited benefit from high Oil prices.) In addition to its most prominent features, facing strategic challenges, the most important of which are (the high population growth rate, the rentier nature of the economy, political instability, and weak institutional performance), as well as an understanding of the current general economic and political situation in Iraq.

Political geography is one of the sciences concerned with the spatial interaction between geographical phenomena and politics and the human aspect and its social, economic and political growth, and the impact of geographical factors on the behavior of the individual in terms of geographical location, natural resources and population in terms of ethnographic, religious and sectarian composition, and the extent of their impact on political stability as a geographical assessment of political reality In Iraq and its repercussions, to learn about the geopolitical influence of the location of neighboring countries on the situation of Iraq, which led to an increase in the possibilities of regional interventions by neighboring powers in Iraqi internal affairs, and each of these forces seeks to create a sphere of influence through its ethnic and racial extensions in Iraq, which constitutes A threat to its national security by supporting terrorist groups, and thus increasing the national, sectarian and sectarian divisions in it

Abstract
The issue of renewable energy, an alternative to energy resulting from fossil fuels, is one of the most important topics that researchers have been interested in in recent years, due to its importance in reducing the effects of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution they cause, as well as being one of the important methods that reduce the depletion of large quantities of oil and gas in generating electrical energy from it. The generation of alternative electric energy depends on a number of natural elements that are naturally available, permanent, and renewable, such as solar radiation energy, wind energy, as well as water energy and bioenergy resulting from the use of animal remains and the remains of various human uses. We will focus here in this research on wind energy as one of the most important energies used in the generation of clean, environmentally friendly electric power because of its characteristic of not leaving any environmental pollutants during its generation, as well as its other advantages. The generation of electric power from the wind needs to choose the optimal areas for generating it in a way that guarantees its continuity, and generating it in economic quantities that contribute to meeting the increasing needs of electricity in various human activities. Therefore, the study of winds and knowledge of their characteristics, speed and directions are among the most important things concerned by those interested in climate affairs to ensure the continuity of their generation, whose speed should not be less than 3.6 m3 / second during the months of the year. And when choosing any area to generate electric power from wind and installing wind turbines in it, several important criteria must be available that must be available in the chosen area to ensure the success of the project of the stations built on it and ensure its continuity and in economic quantities, so we will focus in our research on those environmental and spatial criteria that must be available in choosing Areas of installation of electric power plants from wind, and we will take the western plateau region in Najaf province as a model for this study.

Abstract
The issue of renewable energy, an alternative to energy resulting from fossil fuels, is one of the most important topics that researchers have been interested in in recent years, due to its importance in reducing the effects of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution they cause, as well as being one of the important methods that reduce the depletion of large quantities of oil and gas in generating electrical energy from it. The generation of alternative electric energy depends on a number of natural elements that are naturally available, permanent, and renewable, such as solar radiation energy, wind energy, as well as water energy and bioenergy resulting from the use of animal remains and the remains of various human uses. We will focus here in this research on wind energy as one of the most important energies used in the generation of clean, environmentally friendly electric power because of its characteristic of not leaving any environmental pollutants during its generation, as well as its other advantages. The generation of electric power from the wind needs to choose the optimal areas for generating it in a way that guarantees its continuity, and generating it in economic quantities that contribute to meeting the increasing needs of electricity in various human activities. Therefore, the study of winds and knowledge of their characteristics, speed and directions are among the most important things concerned by those interested in climate affairs to ensure the continuity of their generation, whose speed should not be less than 3.6 m3 / second during the months of the year. And when choosing any area to generate electric power from wind and installing wind turbines in it, several important criteria must be available that must be available in the chosen area to ensure the success of the project of the stations built on it and ensure its continuity and in economic quantities, so we will focus in our research on those environmental and spatial criteria that must be available in choosing Areas of installation of electric power plants from wind, and we will take the western plateau region in Najaf province as a model for this study.

Summary
Agricultural marketing is considered a link between both the producer and the consumer in order to achieve formal, spatial and temporal benefits through its various marketing functions. There is no value for the produced commodity if it does not find a way to the consumer. This process is considered complementary to the production process, as the study dealt with agricultural marketing of the wheat crop in addition to the reality of the centers. Marketing and quantities marketed in the governorate for the year 2021 and highlighting the spatial variation of agricultural marketing centers.
In order to reach the goal of the study, the researcher relied on the quantitative statistical analysis approach to analyze the statistical data that was obtained from government departments as well as through field studies and personal interviews. The study also concluded that there is a statistical relationship between the marketed quantities and some of the independent variables represented by (production costs, Marketing costs, vehicle preparation, road lengths).
Keywords: marketing centers, marketing efficiency, agricultural marketing evaluation, spatial variation, spatial relationship.

Summary
Agricultural marketing is considered a link between both the producer and the consumer in order to achieve formal, spatial and temporal benefits through its various marketing functions. There is no value for the produced commodity if it does not find a way to the consumer. This process is considered complementary to the production process, as the study dealt with agricultural marketing of the wheat crop in addition to the reality of the centers. Marketing and quantities marketed in the governorate for the year 2021 and highlighting the spatial variation of agricultural marketing centers.
In order to reach the goal of the study, the researcher relied on the quantitative statistical analysis approach to analyze the statistical data that was obtained from government departments as well as through field studies and personal interviews. The study also concluded that there is a statistical relationship between the marketed quantities and some of the independent variables represented by (production costs, Marketing costs, vehicle preparation, road lengths).
Keywords: marketing centers, marketing efficiency, agricultural marketing evaluation, spatial variation, spatial relationship.

Most of those concerned in the affairs of urban planning emphasize the idea of rehabilitation and development of the old areas of cities, especially those parts that have lost a large part of their urban function and have great historical and heritage value for the sake of continuous cultural communication between the past and the present and work to improve and develop large areas of the old undeveloped parts of The city, and in the city of Kirkuk, an ancient archaeological area is located in its center and is called the Citadel, which is the mother city and the oldest ancient archaeological settler. Its establishment dates back to the middle of the fifth or fourth millennium BC nearly in (4500-3500) BC, and it consisted as layers of successive historical civilizations And they piled on top of each other with time, and now only a number of deteriorating urban houses remain with a number of heritage buildings of high architectural and historical value such as Masjids, churches, cemeteries, religious, commercial and residential shrines, which suffer from neglect and deterioration since 1991 after the forced displacement of its residents and the removal of more than 70 % of its existing buildings. Since that date, the castle has been in its current deteriorating condition, and it has not been included in the governorate’s projects for reconstruction and construction, which prompted us to study it and think of several strategies for its development and development by seeking the opinion of its real owners (the Iraqi community from different residential areas).
Where the results of the questionnaire indicate that (28.2%) of the study population prefer the development and development of the castle according to the alternative that calls for including the castle in the World Heritage List, while (27.2%) calls for tourism investment in the castle by rebuilding its urban coefficient in the same old style followed with restoration And the maintenance of existing cultural monuments with the introduction of new urban functions that increase their tourism value, while a percentage of (17.8%) calls for the return of the original inhabitants of the castle to it and for them to bear the costs of building its infrastructure services. As for (15%) of the study population, they call for converting the castle into a museum of human civilizations, through conducting new excavations to discover the secrets of the castle buried thousands of years ago. And that (8.9%) of the field study sample prefer to develop a new master plan for the castle, as is the case for the rest of the city, to develop plans and programs for its development.

Most of those concerned in the affairs of urban planning emphasize the idea of rehabilitation and development of the old areas of cities, especially those parts that have lost a large part of their urban function and have great historical and heritage value for the sake of continuous cultural communication between the past and the present and work to improve and develop large areas of the old undeveloped parts of The city, and in the city of Kirkuk, an ancient archaeological area is located in its center and is called the Citadel, which is the mother city and the oldest ancient archaeological settler. Its establishment dates back to the middle of the fifth or fourth millennium BC nearly in (4500-3500) BC, and it consisted as layers of successive historical civilizations And they piled on top of each other with time, and now only a number of deteriorating urban houses remain with a number of heritage buildings of high architectural and historical value such as Masjids, churches, cemeteries, religious, commercial and residential shrines, which suffer from neglect and deterioration since 1991 after the forced displacement of its residents and the removal of more than 70 % of its existing buildings. Since that date, the castle has been in its current deteriorating condition, and it has not been included in the governorate’s projects for reconstruction and construction, which prompted us to study it and think of several strategies for its development and development by seeking the opinion of its real owners (the Iraqi community from different residential areas).
Where the results of the questionnaire indicate that (28.2%) of the study population prefer the development and development of the castle according to the alternative that calls for including the castle in the World Heritage List, while (27.2%) calls for tourism investment in the castle by rebuilding its urban coefficient in the same old style followed with restoration And the maintenance of existing cultural monuments with the introduction of new urban functions that increase their tourism value, while a percentage of (17.8%) calls for the return of the original inhabitants of the castle to it and for them to bear the costs of building its infrastructure services. As for (15%) of the study population, they call for converting the castle into a museum of human civilizations, through conducting new excavations to discover the secrets of the castle buried thousands of years ago. And that (8.9%) of the field study sample prefer to develop a new master plan for the castle, as is the case for the rest of the city, to develop plans and programs for its development.

Abstract :
The study of accessibility is an essential component of transport geography in particular and geography in general. Where it can be described as a direct expression of the mobility of the mobility, whether in terms of the movement of people, goods or information, as it is an analysis of regional relations between urban settle ments and their dependencies.
The researchers examined the characteristics of the land road network in Anbar governorate according to measures of accessibility in order to reveal the central degree of the urban contract in the governorate and its dependencies, so that it can diagnose regional problems that affect the functional role of service centers. Therefore, the research centered around the question of how the urban contract is hierarchically organized in terms of ease of access to the road network in the governorate, and what urban contract is centralized by measuring the degree of its centralization, which represented the research problem. The research was based on the hypothesis that the degree of centralization between the urban nodes showed different patterns according to the measurement indicators as a result of the influence of natural and human factors.
The researchers used some quantitative methods through which accessibility was measured in order to discover the most important contract in its contact with other urban nodes within the urban system of Anbar Governorate.

This study contributes to laying the planning foundations for the development and development of recreational services in the city of Bald, located in the south of Salah al-Din Governorate. It needs a lot of work to develop and equip neighborhoods that suffer from a lack of services in accordance with local planning standards and to find solutions that require re-signing the spatial services On ways to study the future need for recreational services, which were recorded through future estimates (82) services for the year 2021, and the estimates for the year 2023 came with the need for (89) recreational services distributed over residential neighborhoods, while the estimates for the year 2025 came with a higher number than the two years that preceded it with (95) services Recreational, offset by an increase in population numbers to cover the supply and demand for recreational services in the city of Bald.

he research aims to study the morphology of unplanned (traditional) rural settlements in the Mosul district by addressing the main settlement elements represented by the rural settlement plan, then studying the components of the rural dwelling, which are a reflection of the activity of the rural population, and ending with the land uses in those settlements. The study showed that the street system is often a random system and is not subject to the planning process, and that the area of housing units throughout the study area ranged between (175-480 square meters), as the areas vary between housing units depending on the size of the family and its economic level. The materials used in the construction of rural housing units are different, and they reveal the availability of the raw materials used in each region. The largest percentage of the housing units used block material by (44%), and the lowest percentage was the housing units that used mixed materials of block and stone, with a percentage of (4.6%), and that (86.6%) of these units are single-storey and result from the capacity of rural lands. The number of family members and their economic activity are among the most important factors that have a significant impact on the components of the rural dwelling. As for land uses, the largest share was for residential use, which amounted to (75.9%), followed by service use and other uses.

Abstract :
The study of accessibility is an essential component of transport geography in particular and geography in general. Where it can be described as a direct expression of the mobility of the mobility, whether in terms of the movement of people, goods or information, as it is an analysis of regional relations between urban settle ments and their dependencies.
The researchers examined the characteristics of the land road network in Anbar governorate according to measures of accessibility in order to reveal the central degree of the urban contract in the governorate and its dependencies, so that it can diagnose regional problems that affect the functional role of service centers. Therefore, the research centered around the question of how the urban contract is hierarchically organized in terms of ease of access to the road network in the governorate, and what urban contract is centralized by measuring the degree of its centralization, which represented the research problem. The research was based on the hypothesis that the degree of centralization between the urban nodes showed different patterns according to the measurement indicators as a result of the influence of natural and human factors.
The researchers used some quantitative methods through which accessibility was measured in order to discover the most important contract in its contact with other urban nodes within the urban system of Anbar Governorate.

Abstract
This study contributes to laying the planning foundations for the development and development of recreational services in the city of Bald, located in the south of Salah al-Din Governorate. It needs a lot of work to develop and equip neighborhoods that suffer from a lack of services in accordance with local planning standards and to find solutions that require re-signing the spatial services On ways to study the future need for recreational services, which were recorded through future estimates (82) services for the year 2021, and the estimates for the year 2023 came with the need for (89) recreational services distributed over residential neighborhoods, while the estimates for the year 2025 came with a higher number than the two years that preceded it with (95) services Recreational, offset by an increase in population numbers to cover the supply and demand for recreational services in the city of Bald.