Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

Abstract The effect of the adsorption and substituted groups was studied on the ionization constant and electric conductance of three mono carboxylic acids contains alcoholic group (OH) at α – position at different concentration by using activated charcoal prepared by chemical treatment , the results refers to the effect of adsorption , aromatic ring and hydrogen bonding on the ionization constants and electrical conductance for these acids.

Abstract 4-Methyl-2-hydroxy quioline (carbostyril) (8) was prepared via cyclization of acetoacetanilide in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The ester (9) was synthesized from the reaction of (8) with ethyl bromo acetate The hydrizide (10) was prepared from the reaction of ester (9) with hydrazine hydrate. 1- Formal hydrazine (11) was prepared from the reaction of hydrized with formic acid 98%. Cyclization of (11) with P2o5 give 1, 3, 4-substituted oxadiazole (12).The hydrazide (10) was used also for the preparation of thiosemicarbazide derivatives (13-15) , some substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (16-18)synthesized from cyclization of thiosemicarbazides using mercuric oxide, the hydrazide was used also in the preparation of substituted 1,3,4- oxadiazole (19-24) through its reaction with various carboxylic and in the presence of phosphoric acid. Also oxadiazole-5- one compound (25) was synthesized from the reaction of hydrized with phosgene dissolved in toluene. The hydrazide (10) was reacted with carbon disulfide in alcoholic base medium to produce the 1,3,4- oxadiazole- 5- thiole(26) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole -5- methylthio (27 ) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (26 ) with methyl iodide in presence of sodium acetate. To complete the plan of study, 2, 5-disbstituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (28) were synthesized from the reaction of ester (9) with hydrazide (10) in the presence of phosphoric acid.

Abstract Cellulose acetate has been prepared by using (frond midrib) as local substitutes via chemical treatment by 3% conc . NaOH solution ,to reduce percentages of pentosans , hexosans and hemicellulose , by extension this will increase cellulose percentage . After that acetylation done by using mixture of(acetic anhydride , glacial acetic acid , conc H2SO4 as Catalyst) . Prepared material characterized by FT-IR melting point , solubility and combustion of produced material.

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to study the biochemical change in calcium, inorganic phosphate, albumin and alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood in pregnant and lactating women during normal pregnancy and lactation in Mosul City ,This study done on (66)specimens of blood of pregnant women and (44) specimens of blood of lactating women and (43) specimens of healthy non pregnant non lactating women as control group ,Results showed that there is gradual significant decrease in level of calcium, inorganic phosphate, albumin of pregnant women and gradual significant increase in their blood levels in lactating women compared with control group ,While the results showed that there is a high significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in all groups (pregnant and lactating women) compared with control group.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on lipid level and blood sugar.The study was performed on 46 healthy adult volunteers and was carried out in month of Ramadan (November2007) in Babylon city .Each volunteer has observed fasting for an average 12 hours a day .Blood samples were obtained from them on the month 1st and 4th week of Ramadan and were analyzed for total Cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), very- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL- C), high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C ), Triglyceride (TG) and blood sugar. The LDLC was significantly reduced at the end of fasting (p< 0.005) reducing in the average TC value was observed at the end fasting but the difference was not significant (p<0.16). There was anon significant rise in the HDL- C, TG ,VLDL- C, and blood sugar value at the end of fasting(p>0.05).While the HDL/ LDL ratio was shown a significant value (p< 0.005).

Abstract The pollutants organophosphorus pesticides : fenchlorphos, crufomate and nogos in water are concentrated on a column of a macro reticular amberlite XAD-2 resin adsorbent and recovered by elution with acetonitrile, methanol and chloroform. The distribution coefficient, Kd for chromatographic separation ( adsorption and desorption }has been calculated for each pesticide with each solvent. This resin proved to be rapid and efficient for adsorption of these pesticides from water samples and acetonitrile or methanol are the best solvent for pesticides desorption due to powerful polarity of solvent as well as dielectric constant compared with chloroform . We suggest simple relationship between the column void volume and volume of organic solvent needed to elute each pesticides quantitatively ; it has found that the best desorption obtained with optimal volume of acetonitrile or methanol equals to three to four times that of the adsorption column void volume, when the elution solvent allow to stand for one hour at a flow rate 1 ml./ min. . The 30% Breakthrough capacity was calculated to check elute recovery for fenchlorphos, crufomate and nogos and found to be equals to 3330, 7030 and 19100 µg pesticides/ ml XAD-2 resin 3.45, 7.52 and 20.4 µg (pesticides) /mg XAD-2 resin respectively, which are inversely proportional to the molecular weight of these pesticides. Concentration Factor ( CF ) is calculated and found to ranging from 1500 to 3000 which proved the accuracy of this method for being present at trace concentration of these pesticides in water samples.

Abstract A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of p-aminophenol is described. The method based on the oxidative coupling reaction of p-aminophenol with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylendiamine (N-NED) using potassium iodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a water soluble product, that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 520 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in a concentration range 10 to 160 µg p-aminophenol / 25 ml with a molar absorptivity of 0.6002×104 L.mol-1.cm-1, a relative error of –0.59 to +4.92% and a relative standard deviation of ± 0.89 to ± 4.49% depending on the concentration of p-aminophenol. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical preparations after acidic hydrolysis to p-aminophenol.

AbstractA new spectrophotometric method for individual and simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and cephalexin depending on the first and second derivative mode techniques. The first and second derivative spectra of these compounds permitted individual and simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and cephalexin in concentration interval of (10 – 60μg.ml-1) by measuring the amplitude of peak-to-base line, zero cross at certain wavelengths and the area under peak at selected spectrum intervals. The methods showed reasonable precisionand accuracy and have been applied to determine amoxicillin and cephalexin in four different pharmaceutical preparations.

Construction and buildup a semi-automated flow injection conductimetric system

Mesomorphic properties of a new homologous series of ortho hydroxyl-functionalized Schiff bases .

Abstract This research involves the preparation Complex of Sn(II) with alanine in general formula [Sn(Ala-H)2] were (Alanine = Ala = C3H7NO2 ) , the complex have been characterized by spectroscopic method [FT-IR , UV –Vis , Atomic absorption]along with molar conductivity measurements , chloride content , melting points and determination of the expected structures for complex , soon the mole ratio (L:M)by continues variation method (Job's method), stability constant(Kf)and Gibes free energy(ΔG).The proposed molecular structures of the complex drown according to computed program Chem. office 2003.

Abstract Artificial neural networks are used for evaluating the corrosion inhibitor efficiency of some aromatic hydrazides and schiff bases compounds. The nodes of neural network input layer represent the quantum parameters, total negative charge (TNC) on molecule, energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (E Homo), energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E Lomo), dipole moment(μ), total energy (TE), molecular volume(V), dipolar-polarizability factor(Π) and inhibitor concentration (C). The neural network output is the corrosion inhibitor efficiency (E) for the mentioned compounds. The training and testing of the developed network are based on a database of 31 published experimental tests obtained by weight loss. The neural network predictions for corrosion inhibitor efficiency are more reliable than prediction using other conventional theoretical methods such as AM1, PM3, Mindo, and Mindo-3.

AbstractIn this research a new series of 3-(substituted) isobenzohuran-1(3H)-one(B,D) and O-benzoyl benzamide derivatives (C,E) were studied successfully . The synthesis of these compounds has been described in the scheme 1. These products were screened for antifungal, antibacterial and enotoxic effect. It was found that all tested compounds have antifungal activity. Compound A1,A2,B2 and C3 were found to be active against Escherichia coli ,Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .Genotoxic effects using Ames test showed chart compound A1 and A2 have a weak base-pair substitution mutagenicity while a clear base- pair substitution mutagenic activity was shown by B4. Using TA100-strain of salmonella typhimurium compound D showed a framshift mutagenicity while a weak oxidative mutagenic action was revealed by compound E no change on the mutagenicty of the tested chemicals was observed after using the S9 metabolic action system.

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus is a common disease caused by either a deficiency in the secretion of insulin from β-cells or abnormal insulin receptor will lead to physiological and biochemical changes in different part of the body including the blood, there fore this study was included 22 rabbits induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in which injuction the alloxan under skin. Isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MM-CK, BB-CK and MB-CK) were separated by column of DEAE-cellules gel on serum of 22 normal rabbits and the same number with induced DM.The aim of this project is seperation Isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MM-CK, BB-CK and MB-CK) from serum and (WBCs) and determination the effected level influenced by oxidative stress rabbits induced (DM),and we showed that the activity of MM-CK and MB-CK were influenced with DM. The BB-CK was resistance the changes in concentrations with the control group.Before starting the evaluation, it was prepared the (WBCs) from the rabbits (22 control and 22 patients).In isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MM-CK, BB-CK and MB-CK) results showed that the diabetes mellitus as more effective on MM-CK and MB-CK(14±74.6)and,(1.2±6.3) ,respectively, than on the BB-CK (0.5±2.6).The results of the study showed that there are significantly decreased in level of activity of creatine kinase in patients (for serum 80.622±) IU/L compared with controls(105.538± )IU/L in both serum and, (WBCs) . Finally, this study was illustrating that there were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the levels of serum and (WBCs) in each groups for the parameters studied (isoenzyme creatine kinase )

AbstractSingle measurement of the two-biochemical tumor markers (CA 15-3) and CEA were carried out in serum samples obtained from 40 healthy donors, 22 breast benign patients and 122 breast cancer patients. Mean values of these tumor markers in breast cancer patients were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that found in healthy normal or patients with benign breast tumors.CA15-3 shows the best sensitivity (54%) for detecting preoperative breast cancer patients, than CEA, which gave (44%) sensitivity. Also, CA15-3 gave the highest specificity (100%) for discriminating non-malignant patients while CEA had specificity of (77%).The cytosolic CEA concentration was determined in the tumor, benign and normal tissue of breast cancer patients. Significant differences between values from the tumor and normal specimens were found. There was no correlation between the preoperative levels of serum CEA and cytosol level of CEA in the patients with carcinoma. Also, CEA in cytosols did not correlate with either stage or histology. It was concluded that the test might provide calculable information for the evaluation and planning of treatment.

Abstract A procedure has been described for the purification of the CEA of the human mammary carcinoma. Tumor tissue extraction in (0.6) M perchloric acid followed by Ion exchange and column chromatography on Sepharose CL–6B column resulted in highly purified CEA preparation as determined by both immunological and physico-chemical criteria. Such as, immunoelectrophoresis, stocks radius, isoelectric point, M.wt., stability and carbohydrate content. The collected data suggest that CEAs of mammary adenocarcinoma tissues with stocks radius (53 A°), pI (4) and the M.wt. have been found to be 175 KD.Finally purified CEA preparation gave rise to single band by disc SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single preciptin arc against corresponding monoclonal anti–CEA on immunoelectrophoresis. The purified CEA contained approximately 40% carbohydrate through determination by phenol – sulfuric acid method.

AbstractMetabolic changes of lipids & proteins which occurs during aging of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) cuttings were studied. The decline in rooting response was coincided with the decline of lipid & protein contents and verified by increasing the activity of lipoxygenase & protease respectively. The data revealed the followings:-1.A decline in rooting response of aged cuttings (held in distilled water for 3 days) compared to fresh cuttings.2.A significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content by (88%), activity of lipoxygenase by (277.2%) and activity of protease by (212.1%). Whereas the proteins & antioxidants content (e.g. glutathione & ascorbate) were declined in aged cuttings compared to fresh cuttings.3.For controlling aging phenomenon, the cuttings were kept in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seeds extract (1%), cinnamic acid (10-3M) & solutions of volatile oils, which led to stop the processes that occurs during aging in terms of rooting response by stopping the increase in MDA content, lipoxygenase activity & protease activity, and maintaining protein & lipid contents as well as glutathione & ascorbate contents.The discussion was focused on enzymes that associated with lipid peroxidation & the free radicals that produced by this process has increased during aging in terms of its final product (MDA). In addition the role of ascorbic acid and glutathione as antioxidants that involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms in terms of adventitious root formation in cuttings were assayed.

AbstractAn aqueous solutions of methyl orange were investigated in an open vessel equipped with sun light using three weights of TiO2 as catalyst to select the best.The effect of initial concentration for Methyl orange dye was studied for three concentrations 9.17 ×10-5 M , 9.17 ×10-7 M and 9.17 ×10-8 M and the results showed that the photodegradation percentages and the rate constants of low concentration was more than high concentration of same dye and the solution becomes colorless , and the mechanism of this process was proposed. The kinetic were studied at different intervals for four hours also the percentages of degradation were studied also. The determination of maximum wave length was done. The work was done on the roof of the laboratory building and the time of irradiation was between 10.00 am - 3.00 pm .The date of experiments was in November and the mean of temperature was 20C0

AbstractA sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining mefenamic acid in pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reaction of mefenamic acid with potassium iodate and potassium iodide to liberate iodine , which is immediately converted to triiodid ion complex in presence of an excess of potassium iodide solution to form yellow dye ,which exhibits maximum absorption at 347 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range 10 to g of mefenamic acid in final volume 25 ml, i.e.,0.4- 48 ppm with a molar absorptivity of 0.904×104l. mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index of g.cm-2, a relative error of -0.625 to 1.470 % and a relative standard deviation of ±0.336 to ±1.764 % depending on the concentration level . The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract The organic reagent, 2- [(2- carboxy -4- iodophenyl) azo] -4,5- diphenyl imidazole (CAPAI), was found to be sensitive and selective reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of palladium and silver. Pd(II) and Ag (I) react with CAPAI in basic medium to form green and orange complexes in molar ratio of 1:2 and 1:1 for palladium and silver ions respectively. The maximum absorbance of the complexes are at 594 & 518 nm with molar absorptivity of 43294.2 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 32425.7 L.mol-1 . cm-1 for Pd and Ag respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentrations range 0.01-0.9µg. ml-1 for Pd(II), and (0.02-1) µg. ml-1 Ag(I), with detection limit (S/N = 3) 0.004 ppm for Pd(II) and 0.007 ppm for Ag(I). The most important interferences were due to Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, were studied, and suitable masking agents were used. The method was successfully applied to the determination of palladium and silver in analytical samples.