TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN

Abstract
Given the important role played by financial markets in supporting economic growth in a way that strengthens the economies of countries, supports employment and productivity, and raises the level of average income, The study came to analyze and explain the impact mechanisms through which the policies of financial and commercial openness can play their role in developing financial markets and improving their performance, Which framed her theoretical propositions and empirical studies that interested her. As well as building several quantitative models that can diagnose and clarify the nature and impact of these policies on the development of financial markets in a group of Arab countries. (Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, and Oman) And for the period 2004-2019, which was based on balanced panel data, whose views amounted to 112 views, By adopting standard approaches that are compatible with those data represented by the aggregate regression model (PRM), the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM). The study found a significant effect on the policies of financial and trade openness in the development of financial markets in the sample countries, With some

Abstract
The current research seeks to determine the role of marketing ethics in enhancing customer satisfaction, an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of restaurant-goers in the city of Mosul. In this research, an integrated concept of marketing ethics was reached, which is represented by a set of standards and principles that determine what is good and acceptable or what is bad and unacceptable in marketing practices. in marketing practices. And the extent of the impact of its dimensions (product ethics, price ethics, promotion ethics, distribution ethics) on customer satisfaction, and accordingly many questions were raised about the research problem, including (Is there a significant impact of marketing ethics on customer satisfaction). The choice was made for a sample of (60) individuals, and the questionnaire was adopted to obtain the data, several statistical methods were used to analyze the data and extract the results using the statistical program (SPSS). The research reached conclusions, including the existence of a significant correlation between marketing ethics and customer satisfaction.

from the main and important role played by the banking sector in the process of economic development, as one of the most important direct channels for activating the work of monetary and financing policy and implementing its objectives by achieving consistency and harmony between the macro and micro economy, by mobilizing savings from the financial surplus units and redirecting them to the fiscal deficit units in the form which ensures optimal allocation of resources, the study sought to attempt to reach a diagnosis the mechanism of the impact exchange rate fluctuations on the banking sector development, as well as building a quantitative model capable of estimating and interpreting the nature of the effects that exchange rate fluctuations can exert in the banking sector development in the Arab countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman) for the period 1996-2019, adopted the methodology of what is known as pooled regression model (PRM), the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM) based on the Balanced Panel Data, the study found a difference in the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the four models that express the dimensions of banking sector development, represented by banking depth (BD), expressed by the liquid liabilities index relative to GDP, and banking stability (BS) represented by Z-score index, and access to Banking services (BA), represented by the banking concentration index (the proportion of banking assets held by the top five banks), and banking efficiency (BE), expressed in the interest rate margin index.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the availability of dynamic capabilities in their dimensions (sensing capabilities, learning capabilities, integration capabilities, coordination capabilities, reconfiguration capabilities) in the surveyed organizations, The statistical software package (SPSS) was adopted to analyze data related to the field under study, (100) questionnaires were distributed to an intentional sample of administrative leaders at the University of Mosul and the Northern Technical University, while (85) questionnaire forms were retrieved. Based on the statistical results, a set of conclusions were reached, the most important (the respondents’ answers were in agreement with a very good percentage about the availability of dynamic capabilities in the surveyed organizations, and this explains to us that the investigated organizations are constantly reviewing their external environment to reconfigure their resources according to their sensing of the changes taking place in them on time). The study also presented several recommendations consistent with these conclusions.

Abstract
Given that the quality of financial decisions made by individuals depends on their financial knowledge, abilities and attitudes, it can be said that the individual's well-being depends on the extent of their financial literacy, in this context, that the individual's possession of financial literacy helps him in making decisive or correct decisions, and that one of the main causes of crises Finance that a large segment lacks financial knowledge and the main idea is to focus on the future generation, which must have a sufficient level of financial knowledge that also helps in overcoming the financial crises in the country, and measuring the levels of financial literacy for graduate students at the College of Administration and Economics / University of Mosul, In addition to identifying weaknesses in relation to the gender of the sample, and the methods used in the research were Google Classrooms program with three hypotheses, including the gender hypothesis, which talks about that males have a higher level of financial literacy than females, or the academic achievement hypothesis, which states that the higher the academic achievement, the more The level of financial literacy is great, and finally, the confidence hypothesis talks about the number of correct answers and its relationship with the respondents’ confidence. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important and There is a weakness in the levels of financial literacy of females more than males, in addition to the fact that scientific levels or educational attainment had a significant impact on the respondent's answers, and some proposals were formulated, perhaps the most important of which is to study the gap indicated by the test results in terms of females’ weaknesses compared to males in the answers.

Abstract
The current research aims to study the extent to which servant leadership contributes to achieving entrepreneurship for a group of employees at Zain Iraq Telecom Company. To face these challenges, this problem motivated us in the current study to shed light on a positive leadership style, in addition to the importance of the current study from the field and practical side, as the sample of the individuals surveyed was selected from (employees, unit managers, division managers, and department managers), numbering 1478 Individuals, and the current study sample is a stratified random sample of (315) individuals, as 12 questionnaire forms that are not valid for analysis were excluded, so that the number of forms valid for analysis became (303), which is a representative sample of its community, as the attitudes of the respondents were measured through the questionnaire form, and then Data analysis using a set of statistical means (frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis using AMOS V.24 program).
The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is that servant leadership encourages and urges followers to invest in opportunities, and the leadership theory that is valid to be applied in a particular organization may not be applied in another organization, so the theory of servant leadership has emerged in its positive form, which focuses on the human side of followers.
The current research presented several recommendations, the most important of which is the need for Zain Iraq / Telecom to enhance the dimensions of servant leadership. The study also recommended strengthening the direction of the company’s senior management towards entrepreneurship based on consolidating the practice of social responsibility that will have a positive impact on the company’s reputation, which supports an opportunity Her success in entrepreneurship

Abstract
The research aims to analyze the indicators of financial depth and financial inclusion in the Arab countries represented in (Iraq and Egypt) and to measure the correlation between the research variables using the program (Eviews V.10), as well as using the multiple linear regression model for the period (2004-2019), To measure the impact of financial depth on financial inclusion in the Arab countries, the research sample. The research concluded that there is a significant impact of financial depth on financial inclusion in (Iraq and Egypt), and that financial depth has a significant role in achieving the objectives of financial inclusion in the Arab countries, the research sample. This entails the need to encourage competition between financial institutions and diversify financial services at low cost and high quality to attract the largest possible number of customers and encourage individuals to save and invest in the best way through preparing programs directed to various segments of society to enhance the culture of saving and investment, and developing the infrastructure of the banking sector and markets Capital, which contributes to the greater financial depth and financial inclusion.

Abstract
One of the recent teaching approaches is blended learning that many universities have adopted. The first versions of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been utilized to recognize the Acceptance of blended Learning among the accounting lecturers in teaching the accounting courses using two internal beliefs namely perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and to predict accounting lecturers’ attitudes towards blended learning, and the effect of their attitudes on their behavior intensions to use blended learning.
The sample of this study was (74) lecturers of (6) public and private university at Duhok governorate / Kurdistan region of Iraq that are already implementing blended learning system. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires online to accounting lecturers on their respective universities.
The originality of this study stems from the scarcity of studies dealing with the assessing of the acceptance of blended Learning Among faculty members in the context of Kurdistan region of Iraq. The results of the study provides fresh insights to the context of the benefits of blended learning in are valuable to accounting lecturer, accounting students, and universities.
The results showed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitudes towards using are key determinants of behavior intentions towards using blended learning in teaching accounting courses. Based on the results, In light of the study conclusions, the researchers recommend that the university’s administrative leaders must solve the problems and reduce the obstacles and difficulties facing the lecturers and students, especially those related to the provision of effective internet, computers and modern software. The implications, limitations, are discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.

Abstract
The research relied on a descriptive and analytical presentation of the subject of Lean Manufacturing and its role in achieving green marketing in the researched company (the Mosul Dairy Factory) to achieve a competitive advantage by seizing opportunities and avoiding threats represented in its competitive environment. Business and choosing the company under study as an applied field for the practical framework. As the research sought to highlight the problem that most of our companies suffer from today, including the company in question, in reaching a green marketing strategy that enables it to distinguish itself in the market and outperform its competitors by eliminating or reducing waste while providing green products at an acceptable price and costs in a way that reduces the burden or environmental damage to the least extent. Possible, and the problem was presented through several questions represented in the extent of cognitive perceptions of the researched company with the two topics of the research, and the possibility of adopting the Lean Manufacturing approach to provide a realistic contribution to dealing with green marketing for the company in question. The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample by (40 respondents) out of (45) from different administrative levels with a response rate of (88.8%), with the use of the statistical program SPSS.v.24 to analyze the data by adopting the correlation coefficient and linear and multiple regression. The research concluded that there are significant moral relationships to achieve the correlation and effect of the research variables to justify the acceptance of its hypotheses, and presented a set of necessary proposals for the organization in question, including always trying to maintain the safety of its workers and provide a suitable environment to complete the work without injuries, and to rely on special maintenance programs that aim to Maximizing the use of equipment and optimal use of human resources, and striving to achieve a competitive advantage by following a competitive price for its green products within the competitive environment, and considering the environmental orientation as a strategic outlet that can take it to another type of competition.

Abstract
The study aimed to clarify the impact of the organizational climate in managing the organizational conflict in the General Company for Iraqi Grain Trade / Salah al-Din Branch, and what are the problems or obstacles that face the provision of an appropriate climate through which to reduce conflict within the company, which can be understood from the point of view of managers and employees Or for frequent customers in the Iraqi General Company for Grain Trade, and the study problem was represented by: Is there an impact of the organizational climate represented by (administrative leaders, organizational structure, reward) on the organizational conflict in the General Company for Iraqi Grain Trade, the study community is represented by the General Company for Grain Trade, Salah Branch Debt, where the number of employees in the company reached 200 (employees) and the study included a random sample of different administrative levels equal to 132). The study concluded that there is an impact of the organizational climate represented by (administrative leaders, organizational structure, and reward) on the organizational conflict in the General Company for Trade Iraqi grain, the study recommended the need to strengthen teamwork and encourage cooperation as well as the involvement of workers in the development of plans and programs to confront the conflict.

Abstract
The current research seeks to present a perception of the role of high performance work systems in achieving the relationship between the reconfigurable manufacturing system and the philosophy of lean manufacturing, and on this basis a hypothetical scheme was built that reflects the nature of the relationship between the research variables, The independent variable is represented by the reconfigurable manufacturing system, The dependent variable is represented by the Lean Manufacturing philosophy, while the interactive variable is represented by the high performance work systems, The research included a theoretical framework for its variables in light of a group of Arab and foreign sources related to its subject, The research also adopted a field framework to measure the nature of the relationship and the impact between the research variables, based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, The researchers chose the General Company for the Automotive Industry and Equipment / Babylon Battery Factory as a field for the current research, As for the research sample, it was represented by a sample of them that included (220) individuals from its administrative leadership and specialized technicians holding a bachelor’s degree, In light of the answers provided by the respondents, which were analyzed using the statistical software (SPSS V23), (AMOS 24), it was confirmed that there are direct and indirect correlations and effects between the research variable, On the basis of this, the research reached a set of conclusions indicating the presence of direct and indirect effects of the reconfigurable manufacturing system and high performance work systems in the Lean Manufacturing philosophy, A set of proposals was presented indicating the need for the manufacturing system in the factory to all the characteristics of the reconfigurable manufacturing system.

Abstract
The exchange rate is one of the economic foreign currencies used in economic policies. Since exchange rate fluctuations affect most monetary, financial, and real variables, The purpose of this study is to examine the distributional impacts of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate over time (1990-2020).To achieve this goal, the research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach that depends on time series data, and the use of a system of simultaneous equations using the two-stage least squares model (2SLS). To show the mutual effects of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate, GDP, investment spending, and consumer spending, Finally, the study came to several conclusions, including that there is a positive relationship between the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar and GDP, that is, economic growth, Furthermore, there is a negative relationship between the Iraqi dinar exchange rate and consumer spending (poverty ratio) and investment spending. These findings are consistent with the reality of the Iraqi economy, which is reliant on oil exports (in dollars) to fund various imports (in dollars). According to the study, one of the most important means of achieving stability in the exchange rate exchange and strengthening the relationship between the exchange rate and economic variables is economic diversification policy.

strategic information systems planning process (SISP) has become increasingly important for public organizations to achieve strategic alignment, SISP is overwhelmed with problems that hinder organizations from reaping its benefits of it. Environmental hostility is the most prominent. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of environmental hostility as a moderator variable in the relationship between the strategic information systems planning process (assessed SISP in terms of strategic awareness, situation analysis, strategy conception, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation planning phases) and strategic alignment in public originations in Thi-Qar province. The survey questionnaire was designed based on a comprehensive literature review. A panel of both academic scholars was used to review the questionnaire items. Based on responses from 61 public organizations, our empirical investigation provided the following results, eight out of ten hypotheses tested were supported. To analyze the data, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The findings of the research demonstrate that strategic awareness, situation analysis, and strategy conception strongly effects strategic alignment, and environmental hostility as a moderator variable influences the relationship between these processes and strategic alignment. The implications and recommendations of this study are also discussed.

such as (Facebook, Instagram, personal blogs, YouTube...etc, and how it is used as a marketing tool for the brands of international companies, and to attract consumers. And how do influencers engage today, whether they are real people or bots in these programs and become promoters of the brand, and their influence on the purchase decisions of the consumer, through their millions of followers on their pages, so the question here lies in the duty of companies to engage in the field of employing these influencers to promote the brand and eliminate chaos with advertisements and focus in the field of e-marketing? Media is a way to communicate and interact with individuals each other daily. The most important thing is that this platform plays a key role in facilitating a greater impact through the feature of following up on influencers and how their information about brands changes the attitudes and perceptions of individual consumers and convinces them of the intention to buy. Do companies realize that because technological platforms are the most widely used today? This study aims to recognize the growing importance of digital influencers (Haqqi who or robots), and how they contribute to the paid marketing of companies by sharing positive messages about their brand of products on social networks. This process has been observed to cause a snowball effect when influencers reach a large number of consumers - following their posts and eventually continuing to share some information with them. In this way, the message is disseminated and the company becomes widely visible. The study will intensify the theoretical presentation of this phenomenon to clarify its dimensions. The results it reached lie in the importance of digital influencers and the need for them for creative freedom, originality, and credibility. It documents all stages of the influencer marketing process, as well as focuses on The factors of success in the influencer campaign. Attracting attention and participation for their impact on changing consumer behavior and buying intention. The study concluded the need to create awareness of the brand and leave a good impression, achieve the desired goals at every stage of consumer purchasing behavior, and finally choose influencers with a good reputation and content. It invites interaction with the brand, by watching the influencer's beauty and style to promote it.

research sought to measure the level of stability of the Palestinian economy and its impact on the level of fragility of Palestinian society. To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive approach. Where 80 specialists from the government sector and academics from Palestinian universities and research centers were targeted to assess the level of economic stability and the level of fragility through a special questionnaire. A time series of statistical data from official institutions were also used. To compare the data of Palestine with some Arab countries, the database of the Fund for Peace institution was used. The research came out with the result that the level of fragility in Palestinian society is classified as a warning, and its level is between Jordan and Lebanon. The level of economic stability in Palestine is described as an alarming reality. The level of elasticity of the Palestinian per capita GDP value is weak, reflecting the reality of the weak stability of the Palestinian economy. As for the correlation between the level of Palestinian economic stability and its level of fragility, it was a strong direct correlation