Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The current study included analysis the brain tissue structure after exposure to experimentally infection with Candida glabrata in BALB male mice which isolated from patients attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital suffering from Candimia (38 male, 25 female) aged (82-15 years). The results indicated different histopathological changes in the brains immunosuppressed studied mice, the results represented congestion of blood vessels of the five cerebral cortex layers, as well as the foamy appearance of the matrix of molecular layer of the cerebral cortex. In contrast the non-immunosuppressed mice group included histological changes represented with rupture of the pia matter, as well as shrinking or shrinkage of the six-layer cells of the adjoining cortex of the pia matter and the emergence of vacuoles around cells and nerve fibers on a large scale. The group of mice immunosuppressed show pathological changes represented with atrophy of pyramidal cells and glial cells in all layers of the cerebral cortex, as well as the spongy-like appearance of the brain medulla, compared with the control group.

This study was designed to evaluate the role of Phitofert® in the improvement of testes function and attenuating DNA fragmentation in vasectomized and healthy adult mice. Twenty four adult male breed such Albino mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4). Mice were treated for 35days as follows: the G1 mice were non-vasectomized and given DW and served as controls, mice in G2 were non-vasectomized and given Phitofert® daily with a dose of 0.035mg/kg BW, mice in G3 were vasectomized without treatment while the mice in G4 were vasectomized and given same dose of Phitofert®. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for measuring LH and FSH hormones concentrations and section from testes were taken tomeasure the number of Leydig cells and diameter of semniferous tubules. The results of current data showed significant increase of serum LH and FSH concentrations in G2 healthy treated group as compared with control and other groups. Also, the treatment of G4 vasectomized mice with Phitofert® caused significant increase in serum concentration of the above hormones as compared with G3 vasectomized non-treated. The study showed that DNA fragmentation that resulted from the G2 healthy treated mice were lower than that obtained from the control group and other vasectomized mice (G3, G4). The diameters of the seminiferous tubules and the numbers of Leydig cells showed significant increase in healthy and vasectomized treated group (G1, G4) as compared with G3 vasectomized non-treated group. It was concluded that healthy and vasectomized treated of adult male mice with Phitofert® lead to clear improvement of level of reproductive hormones.

The study were undertaken on 16 Iraqi Awassi ewes, presented in the farm of college of veterinary medicine, Al- Fallujah University/ Fallujah, during the end of February to the half of the march, 2018. The age of the animals ranged between 2 to 4 years. All the ewes were examined by ultrasonography by specialist in order to be sure that the animals not pregnant with B- mode system. All the animals has been synchronized with vaginal sponges impregnated in 40 mg flurogestone acetate (intervet, B.V. Boxemeer, Holland). The animals were put in a standing position clipping and shaving of the left flank area then the site washed with antiseptic and disinfected with tincture iodine. The animals anesthetized locally using 2% xylocaine hydrochloride using 10 ml subcutaneously and intra muscular. left flank sharp dissection about 10-12 cm were made through the skin, muscle and peritoneum. Exteriorization of the uterus and ovaries were done to detect the pregnancy through a symmetry of uterine horns and the enlargement of pregnant horn or to detect the numbers of follicles and corpora lutea after that the peritoneum and the muscles were sutured with catgut no.1 with lock stich pattern. The skin was sutured with silk no.1 using horizontal mattress interrupted pattern. Systemic long acting tetracycline were applied I.M (200 mg/ ml: 100mg/kg B.W) for one day and another for 3 injection. Local antibiotic spray was applied to treat the surgical wounds for 7 days. The suture materials of the skin were removed after 7 days of the operation. The animals were examined daily for general health condition (temperature, heart rate, pulse rate, appetite). The wound also examined for presence of swelling, hematoma, pus or infection or hernia Positive results were considered when the animal in a good general health condition and the wound showed normal healing without presence of swelling, hematoma, pus or infection or hernia. This technique is simple, easily done, save time and cost as well as reduce the surgical trauma with few suture materials. The study was the first of its kind all over the world in exteriorization of genital organs in standing position in ewes.

A huskydog puppy their age about one month suffering from a soft and swollen mass at the umbilical region was brought to the teaching hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Following a careful clinical examination, the disorder was diagnosed as an umbilical hernia. A decision was made to be treated by surgical intervention. The animal was anesthetized with a mixture of Xylazine 2%, and Ketamine hydrochloride 5%at 3\10 mg Kg Bwt, respectively which provides an optimum time to complete the operation without any adverse complications. The open surgical technique was followed to correct the hernia using Mayo mattress suture. Postoperatively, the animal was kept under an intensive care and monitoring until recovery. Two weeks later, the operation site demonstrated an excellent healing feature without any evidence of swelling. The animal looked alert, physically active with a good appetite. Two months later, a complete recovery was revealed with no recurrence of the hernia.

This study was carried out at the Abu Ghraib sheep and goat breeding station to study the effect of adding different levels of zinc (0, 15, 20 and 25 mg/kg. DM) which type of radians: concentrate diets 25% or alfalfa hay 75% in the performance of local goat females and some carcass characteristics of goat females. The animals were divided into four groups (T1) fed free of additives and T2 fed 15 mg zinc/kg.DM and T3 and T4 groups fed 20 and 25 mg/kg.DM of zinc. The results showed no significant effect of adding zinc to the diet on the total feed intake for all nutrients except the dry matter intake (g/ kg) that were increasing significant (P˂0.01) For all groups of adding zinc, Also the results showed that there were increase significant (P˂0.01) in some of the studied traits (total and daily weight and feed conversion ratio as well as the final weight of local goat females). The results also showed increase significant (P˂0.01) in some of the carcass characteristics (slaughter weight, empty body weight, warm carcass weight and the percentage of conversion based on body weight) compared with the T1 group.

The study was conducted on 14 clinical cases of congenital anomalies in Iraqi ewes out of 474 Iraqi ewes suffering from dystocia cases presented to the clinic of department of obstetrics\ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Fallujah and Private Clinic) during the period from 1995 to 2017. The Prevalence of anomalies was 2.95% in Iraqi ewes recorded at Fallujah. High prevalence of anomalies were observed in male in this study 9/14 (64.28%) than in female 5/14 (35.72%). Different types of congenital anomalies that leads to dystocia were arthrogryposis (4/14-28.57%), brachygnathia (4/14-28.57%), hydrocephalus (3/14-21.42%) and ascites (3/14-21-42%). Prenatal losses was noticed in all cases. The methods of treatment used to relief these cases were C.S and fetotomy.

The current study was conducted to detect the pathological conditions of the congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes of cows slaughtered at the abattoir in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The pathological conditions were subjected to a macroscopic and microscopic examination of 404 samples of female genitalia collected from slaughtered non-pregnant cows, during the period from February to September 2014 from the Qaragol slaughterhouse twice a week. The organs were observed macroscopically for pathological abnormalities and stained tissues with Haematoxylin and eosin. They were examined under microscope for determination of the type of lesion present in the organ. Among the 404 genitalia samples collected from the non-pregnant animals, 206 (51%) were found without gross pathological abnormalities and (with cyclic activity) and the 30 (7.43%) samples were found with gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes. Detected lesions in the ovaries and uterine tubes included paraovarian cysts 3.21%, ovarian hypoplasia 1.98%, ovarian agenesis 0.50%, aplasia of uterine tube 0.99%, segmental aplasia of uterine tube 0.50% and accessory of uterine tube 0.25%. The histopathological sections of paraovarian cyst showed a single layer of tubal-type ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells resting on a thin layer of fibrous tissue, the section of ovarian hypoplasia showed lack of ovarian follicles and oocytes, which instead are replaced by bands fibrovascular stroma. The partial duplication of uterine tube was observed, which was about 6 cm from the uterotubal junction and extended distally for a distance of 4 cm that was found in right side of tracts. It was concluded that the paraovarian cysts were the most common congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows.

This study was conducted on 11 districts in Mosul city (Badosh, Hawi Al-Kanesa, Al-Salamia, Al-Abasia, Al-Rahmania, Bab-Shamis, Al-Shalalat, Telkef, Namrod, Al-Quba, Al-Kabat) for examination of 18 local buffaloes flocks aged from 6 months to 4 years. Twenty two skin scrapings were taken from animals show skin lesions for the detection of microfilaria. Results showed infestation with skin microfilaria with a total percentage of 13.2%. In all positive Buffaloes the non-sheeted genus Onchocerca was detected, with a highest percentage 25% was registered in Al-Quba district.

This study was conducted to investigate the existence and intensity of coccidial species in Breeder farms in Al-Hamdania region. Thirty six samples from the intestinal content were collected. They were obtained from 6 farms located within Al-Hamdania region including the following suburban regions: (Karakosh, Manara, Bazgertan, Karkasha, Kaberly, Karamles) by obtaining 6 birds from each farms. The results revealed the prescience of four of Eimeria species in broilers these species were: Eimeria tenella; E.necatrix; E.mivati; E.mitis;. The total percentage of coccidiosis was 63.8% being the highest during February and March, 83.8%, the lowest during October and November 55.5%. Among the Eimerial species detected in our study, Eimeria tenella had the highest percentage of isolation in layers 61.97%, while the lowest were E.necatrix 7.04%.

A total of 141 milk samples were tested belong to 27 cows infected with clinical mastitis and 114 cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis after detected their milk samples by California Mastitis and Whiteside tests, samples were collected from different areas of Mosul city. After the first isolation, the biochemical tests were carried out on all isolation. The samples showed 33 (23.40%) isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (C-NS). S. chromogenes & S. epidermidis were predominant in clinical mastitis, while in the sub-clinical cases the S. haemolyticus was most frequently in isolation. The sensitivity test was carried out on isolated bacteria. The test results showed that there was absolute resistance to ampicillin and 90.9% for Penicillin-G, while the lowest resistance and highest sensitivity of Chloramphenicol was 27.27%, 57.57%, respectively, as well as, isolated give varying sensitivity and resistance to other antibiotics. The use of antibiotics at random and the non-completion of treatment the animal by the owner lead to produce a normal flora resistant to most common veterinary antibiotics used, which can become a pathogen when conditions are available, this shown by the results of the current study

The aim of this study was to extract the chitin and chitosan from carp fish, The percentage of extraction of chitin and chitosan extracted from carp fish peels were 55.75% chitin and 3.55% chitosan depending on dry weight of carp fish peels. The study of chitosan characteristics showed that degree of deacetylation for control sample and extracted chitosan were 82.84%, 81.32% respectively. The result of FTIR for two type of chitosan showed absorption spectrum matching (IR) on 1220, 1020 (cm-1) bands for amide group between 1150, 1020 (cm-1) bands, FTIR result were used for calculation degree of deactylation depending on linear equation by using the band 1320, the molecular weight of extracted chitosan was 77142.57 (Dalton) while the control chitosan was 1000027 (Dalton), and it was from high molecular weight. As for the estimated moisture percentage for extracted chitosan and control were 15.50%, 14.65% respectively, and the Solubility for extracted chitosan and control was 94.18% and 96.85% respectively. The pH for extracted chitosan and control was 8.2 and 8.5 respectively.

Antibiotic sensitivity testing of E.coli isolates, showed that most isolates were sensitive 100% to colistin sulphate and kanamycin/cephlaxine in the first degree, also gave different results to other antibiotics. On the other hand, the isolates showed complete resistance 100% for Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Pencillin G, Tetracycline and Tylosin, in addition to appearance of 11 multiple resistance pattern. The results of determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli showed the presence of variable minimal inhibitory concentration in relation to the serotypes of E.coli when used different antibiotics

The results of this investigation had demonstrated the production of aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus and study effects on humoral immune by measuring the concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and measurement of concentrations of the complements C3, C4 in mice with treated of Aflatoxin B1. The results of qualities analysis HPLC showed the ability of isolation of Aspergillus flavus from chips, macroni, red sun flower, shamia, hazelnut, corn and peanut and isolate from fish to produce aflatoxin with different rate. The isolation of Aspergillus flavus which isolated from peanuts recoded the highest rate of production of aflatoxin B1 which it reached to (213760.28) ppm. 40 male mice were used experimentation they divided into eight groups. Three groups of mice were gave aflatoxin B1 56.3 ppm and after 2 hours treated by ethanolic extracts crude phenol and alkaloid in 250 mg/ ml while the fourth group was given aflatoxin B1 only, while the fifth, sixth and seventh groups were treated with ethanolic extracts only and the eight group was given control groups PBS. The results of study showed a significant increase in concentrations immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM in the mice that dosage of extracts crude after gave aflatoxin B1 56.3 ppm it reached the highest concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM (139. 06, 3223.80, 339.66) mg/ 100 ml respectively compared with positive control that gave aflatoxin only it reached IgA, IgG, IgM (20. 23, 108.66, 25.30) mg/ 100 ml respectively. The results of the study also recoded a significant increase in the IgE concentration of 22 IU in mice that gave the crude extract after giving aflatoxin B1 with concentrations of 56.3 ppm compared to positive control of 2.83 IU. The results of the study showed a significant increase in concentration of complements C3, C4 in mice that dosage ethanolic extracts crude phenols and alkaloid after two hours gave aflatoxin B1. The highest concentration of C3, C4 (279.33, 132.20) mg/ 100 ml respectively in mice that gave crude extract after given aflatoxin B1 in compared with positive control that gave aflatoxin B1 only it reached concentrations C3, C4 (12, 17.50) mg/ 100 ml respectively. We concluded of that caper plant has immune stimulatory effects in mice