Journal of the College of Languages

Praise be to Allah , the Lord of Heavens , Who revealed His Scripture in plain Arabic, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of all creatures and the chosen one , Muhammad (PBUH).
Pushkin was known as a poet in Russia, the sun of its poetry that set, the father of the Russian literature and the founder of its literary language. When he published his poems, trying to express his inner poetic feelings and creative visions, he presented them with creativity and special touch.
The reason behind the selection of Pushkin as the subject of this study is that he was affected by Islam and Arabs. For the purpose of this study, the dissertation has been divided into introduction and three chapters; each chapter includes two topics. In the introduction, the history of Russian literature is presented up to the Pushkin period with reference to his role in the Russian literature.
Pushkin tried, through the influence of the Holy Qur’an, to introduce himself to the universality of literature, make his poetic voice be heard, and go beyond the limits of Russia and Europe through his expression of some of the ideals people share without being restricted to one culture rather than another; the Holy Qur’an has this ideal universal outlet to achieve such a goal.
Each nation has a national heritage which represents an inspiration to Pushkin, notably, the heritage of the Islamic nation that he integrated into his national heritage to represent an enrichment to his poetic experience which later became an example for other poets to follow suit.
Pushkin found that the Holy Qur’an meets an intellectual and artistic need through the Artist’s delicate sense to form new experience guided by the Holy Qur’an.
The deep meanings of the Holy Qur’an exercised their effects on Pushkin who, without neglecting at the same time, believes that the Holy Qur’an is based on certain linguistic form and base depending on the translated text that he accessed

Presupposition, which indicates a prior assumption, is a vital notion in both semantic and pragmatic disciplines. It refers to assumptions implicitly made by interlocutors, which are necessary for the correct interpretation of an utterance. Although there is a general agreement that presupposition is a universal property of Language, there are various propositions concerning its nature. However, this research work proposes that presupposition is a contextual term, thus, is more pragmatic than semantic in its nature.
Although Semantics and Pragmatics are two distinct disciplines, they are interrelated and complementary to each other, since meaning proper involves both, and since there is no clear borderline between the two disciplines. However, due to the limitations of the research paper, presupposition is dealt with as a contextual notion, thus pragmatically.

فوزي هادي الهنداوي

is a term used to refer to a classical rhetoric phenomenon that substitutes part for whole, genus for species or vice versa. It appears in different pictures that vary from a scholar to another ranging from a trope to a semantic mechanism. Some scholars identify synecdoche as a separate trope, others see it as a special form of metonymy and some expand it to be a

The identification of the thought and philosophy of the textual configuration in the modern German criticism leads us directly to contemplate the concept and identity of the text and the critical theory for the poles of Frankfort criticism school and its pioneers. This school (according to my assessment is the leading basis of the text theory of the ideological modern German criticism) has become the backbone of many critical theories, trends and writings of the post-modernism, particularly philosophy, sociology, psychology, anthropology, literature, criticism, criticism of criticism, fine arts, and music.
Therefore, this paper investigates and follow-up the formation of the modern German criticism theory which includes a complex concept of the text the features of which have been shown by the intelligentsia which touches the critical configuration according to modern philosophical and cultural background. The paper investigates the sources of the theory; the concept of the text, the development overlapping courses and set before the receiver a clear vision its own understanding of the creative text, including all its philosophical, thought and socio-cultural appearances as well. The paper will try to clarify the complex relations of its early pioneers, especially their relations to the Hegel and Marx philosophies and to the putative ones on the one hand and to the youth and student movement which burst up in the mid 1960s on the other hand. The paper opens before the professional reader a procedural brief of the critical theory which has established the identity of the creative and artistic text which appears in its thought, philosophical and social dimensions, its effect on the development of the social thinking, the social, cultural and political movements in the west which distinguishes it from the other philosophical and social theories. The paper tackles the most important problems it faces during its long march, how the concept of the text configured within the frames of the modern critical and philosophical theories. In spite of the fact that the majority of its senior figures died, its philosophical and critical social thoughts are still alive. This indicates its vitality, zeal, and effect are valid. They represent an extraordinary generation whose time passed distinctively and extraordinary as well.

We intend to make this work a brief tour of what some grammarians have said conditional constructions, paired point out the criteria they establish and continue to differentiate between different types of conditional structures or between the buildings that they understand or considered such and not, fundamentally to two criteria: formal and semantic-pragmatic. The present work aims at the classification and description of conditional constructs, demonstrating that not all conditionals are hypothetical, not all hypothetical are conditional.

Keywords: conditional constructions, tenses, semantics, pragmatics, discourse markers.

Ancient Greek and Arabs have left an enormous eloquence legacy characterized by comprehension and cohesion in general. Eloquence had been a cause for proud for both Arabs and Greeks. During the earl beginnings of the modern and contemporary age modern studies appeared in the linguistic and literary field. Among the most prominent such sciences are semiology, discourse analysis and linguistics. Eloquence, which had been termed during the beginnings of the twentieth century as "ancients' stylistics" which performed its role in a certain period, had been noticed to withdraw. Voices, later on, rose to call to the importance of not to minimize the role of eloquence, to resurrect it in a new garment which responds to the requirements of science. What is known as "new eloquence" has been reformed. Within this topic, particularly, some ancient studies draw our attention, and how it may work in the fields of semiology and discourse analysis. The research takes two samples which draw the attention of modern Arab linguists, namely, "metaphor" within semiology, and "harmony theory" within discourse analysis. The problem of: how ancient eloquence works within semiology and discourse analysis? How semiology has been understood by the semiologists? To which extent the harmony theory" by Al-Jirjani may be made use in understanding the mechanism of discourse work? Ancient references in Arabic and contemplations of modern Arab linguists have been made use of. The aim is to support the eloquence topics which had been, and is still, a source of proud by the Arab civilization.

Learning a foreign language is a highly interactive process, and a belief that communicative activities foster a great amount of linguistic production provides language practice and opportunities for negotiation of meaning during communicative exchanges. Thus, this study examines what benefits learner-centered classroom setting offers compared with that of teacher–centered classroom, and how less proficient learners accomplish their tasks and activities with scaffolded help during interaction with the help of proficient classmates and under the guidance of a skilful person, i.e., the teacher. The subjects participating in this study are 30 Iraqi 4th year college students in the Department of English, College of Arts , University of Baghdad for the academic year 2012-2013. The students were working with groups of two or three. Their task was to make up different conversations and after each conversation, the teacher asked some questions to the group.

The " linguistic concordance " between languages and one of the important issues that have sought to recent studies testing in the fields of learning and linguistic knowledge , especially in facilitating student learning other languages besides the mother tongue . The juxtaposition of linguistic research has achieved many positive results , was to solve problems and simplify the difficulties faced by learners in learning the new language , so when the student depends on the scientific description of the language studied as compared to the similar language learner mother . , And this research is to try to seek through which the researcher to develop an initial introduction to the scientific description of some of the Arab issues , includes the derivation of the names , and a description of the first time in the Arabic language and the wholesale system .

Qara Joz Art is considered as one of the most distinguished popular, folkloric, traditional Turkish arts. The Egyptians and some Arabs pronounce Qara Joz as (Aragoz), the Iraqi people call it Qara Qoz, which is one of the oldest popular drama arts for children in the history of the Turkish culture. Irrespective of the continued disagreement as regards the origin and springhead of this classic popular art, the question is: has this art come from Egypt at the hands of Sultan Saleem 1 in a campaign in the East as this art did exist in the Mamluke era in Egypt. Saleem saw this art and then took one of the actors with him to Istanbul for the purpose of amusing his son who later on became a Sultan after him and was known as Sultan Saleem, the Great, or has this art originated from the Turkish Anadol or did it come from Middle Asia to Turkey. Researchers agree unanimously on the fact that the Shadow Puppetry originated from the Far East and then came to many countries in the world.
It seems difficult to determine the country where this art originated. Some studies indicate that this art originated in China, but there is another citation that the term "Shadow Puppetry" was mentioned in an old Indian text and a third citation states that the "Shadow Puppetry" probably came to us from Al-Magool country and then passed on to the neighboring countries, especially Japan and Java islands. It is likely that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on to the Arab countries from Java and was transferred by Islamic merchants.
Some studies indicate that the "Shadow Puppetry" passed on from the Chinese to the Magool and from them to the Turk. Turks of the middle Asia used to name this kind of art as (Qaroojak) as it largely depends on puppets that move by using the hand and strings that are tied to the puppets behind a white curtain lightened from behind. Turkmens in Iraq still name the puppet as Qaroojak and historians confirm that the Shadow Puppetry was in every region where the Turks came to through their successive immigrations. The thing that is confirmed is that the popular art in Turkey goes back to the Middle Ages and is believed that it started in the 16th century (AD) at the time of Sultan Sulaiman 11 who was entitled as Alqanoy. This art that spread in the Ottoman State in the middle ages began first at the palaces of rulers and aristocratic class the purpose of which was to amuse and please the rich. This art was called in olden times as the Shadow Puppetry because it is an art that depends on the shadow arising from the movement of the figures and allegories of the tale and emerge as a result of a light shed on a white curtain background. This humorous art is widely and equally accepted today by young and old people. It represents one of the branches of the child theatre. It is also regarded as one of the folkloric and beautiful traditions that is shown to the people on religious and social occasions, especially during the blessed month of Ramadhan.
Qara Joz is the absolute naming of a historical, humorous, sarcastic black-eyed Turkish personality who expresses the person who had been exposed to punishment by one of the Sultans, namely Sultan Orkhan as a result of his failure to accomplish the building of a mosque in the Turkish city of Bursa in time in the 14th century (AD). He was an illiterate man who used to use the popular dialect and did not understand any of the foreign words and expressions. He also used to pretend that he did not understand any of the common expressions and this made him give synonymous expressions that signal other meanings to arouse laughter.
The name of Haji Wat which is usually connected with Qara Joz in the child theatre art and popular humorous culture is a person who was quite different from his companion Qara Joz. He was an educated person who had simple knowledge in mathematics, economics and grammar in addition to literature.
He was an opportunist who used to safeguard his personal interest first and behaved according to situations and circumstances. He was the companion of Qara Joz in the above-mentioned historical event concerning their failure to comply with the date of finishing the building of a mosque as there had been a sarcastic dialogue between workers who had been building a mosque in Bursa city which was the capital of the Ottoman state at that time. Sultan Orkhan cut off the heads of Qara Joz and Haji Wat because of the delay in the execution of building the mosque and because they spent their time pelting one another with jokes.
As to how this event has taken its way to become a sarcastic dramatic art, historians say that a man by the name of Sheikh Koshteri is the one who reported the workers' tale to the people. He also photographed the event in the presence of the Ottoman Sultan. We can see that the two form bilateral companions that can never be separated in the different situations between joking and crying (melodrama). This is the reason that has made it up-to-date a precious and abundant matter from which popular tales can be prepared and displayed to the children on occasions, in schools, in charity endowment houses and cultural centers for the purpose of guiding the children towards discipline and obedience in school and at home as well as respecting older people. It is also regarded as one of the branches of the popular Turkish literature.

I studied in this research " simile tools " in Semitic Languages and the way to use it and what it′s common divisors .
This research divided two chapters the first was a brief about simile in Semitic languages especially . Arabic , Hebrew and Syriac languages and the way of use it in each of this languages .
At last we reach to conclusion in the end of this research
About this common divisors and it has same origin but the environmental and social conditions changed part from this divisors .

This research deals with punctuation and its importance in understanding the meaning of the phrase inferential in the context of the text . Each tag has a certain pause which refers to the relationship of the sentences to each other . This grammatical relationship determine the general meaning of the phrase in context of the speech, which should be semantic and integrated grammatical construction .
Research also indicates to some Russian linguists views then to some important conclusions.

The novel Al-Maaber is considered one of the important literature achievements for the Iraqi Jewish novelist since it's considered his first novel which he start and began his career with.At the beginning this novel was written in Arabic then it was translated to Hebrew by him.
The uniqueness of this novel falls into its characters which the writer mentioned them among its pages which they tell a part of his life after migrating to Israel.
the magnificent way of telling and visualizing the difficult and harsh life which he and many migrants suffered from among those is his family, those heroes and many characters helped building and creating the events which occurred in one of the crossings (temporary camps) which were made to receive the Iraqi Jewish migrants.
They had a very humanitarian relation with each other and the great social efforts and their compatible mentality, all these factors shows from time to time a glimpse of hope and cozy loving feelings among each other, despite of the hard life and brutality of nature and the bad health conditions.
the writer was to able to display these emotions throw this novel and he was able to express what was in his mind, his emotions, feelings and dreams, which he might had them or lived the rest of his life looking and trying to figure out how to reach them, all of what is said the pages of this novel will reveal them and shows many characters lost everything except their memories when they live in Iraq.

The twentieth century French novel had undergo a significant change that took the form of a radical move from the traditional son who follows his father to one who no way prevalent in the classical French novel. The new son in the 2Oth century novel finds himself emotionally attached which both became a new trend and approach in novel writing.
Marcel Proust's novel which can be considered a source of inspiration for most of 2Oth century novelists is a good example of the mother supremacy which is crystal clear from the first page through its parts and chapters till the last page. In fact, Proust had written a completely different novel from the Balzacian conventions. Unlike the latter's novels, Proust's are characterized by the omnipresent of mother and the absence of the father.Hence,Proust's novel can be considered a turning point in the novel writing. More over, the supremacy of the mother and the enhancement of its authority resulted in supremacy of the interior dialogue as a narrative technique.
The presence of the mother in the son's consciousness contributes to the deeping of his feeling of his self-attachment. As long as the sense of guilt is strong, the return to the innermost of one's being where he can invoke his childhood and mother will be strong.
The presence of the mother in the novel created an inner realm for the son who keeps resorting to his mother's memory even after her absence during his journey into the corridors of the self. When Marcel loves a girl called Albertin,he becomes prey to his deep feeling of guilt. He was afraid that his noble love so as to make the mother eternal in the hero's consciousness.
Marcel has discovered the value of the past from his close relationship to his mother and childhood which represent a new direction of life for him. He can create out of it beautiful works if he only knows how to invest time.Hence,the hero in Proust's novel is able to regain the sense of security from the retrospective past due to the presence of the eternal mother who memory become a shine made of paper to which thousands of readers make a pilgrimage.

* The poetic image, especially the representation ones had got the attention of critics and learner in the West and the East; it became a cornerstone of poetry. This study concluded many of results, for example:-

* The poetic image is the mainstay of the poetic text, and its technical transfer to the experience which Poet lived in, because he can portray by it all his emotions, inner feelings, and colorful sensations which are cleaning in the poetic text, through language formations, which provide us with beautiful and sensitive images. And it makes the reader of the poem ask his self, if he reading a poem, or watching theorist, views of existence?

* The critical Viewes differed in the division of the image, depending on the sight which according to a researcher, writer, and scholars of literary, which is taken from, and influenced by, and perhaps the issue is still in the process of crystallization and diligence, because the topic and study about it is still new to the scholars and researchers critics.

* The westerner critics meant about studying the patterns of the poem through the implications of various of the term, and the most important is the significance of mind , and the rhetorical and symbolic , affected by the curriculum , which relied on the application of the implications of the term and the concept. As well as a link to the image on the basis of rhetorical giveS indications of the different types of highly correlated ; due to the nature of these patterns pictorial autobiography, in view of modern rhetoric in particular.

* Arab critics reported the studies that have been in the West for pictures of poem, and classified them, according to the efforts of the nature , utilize the curriculum of modern scientific disparate. So it has settled its opinion that the division patterns of the image in our critique of modern depends - affected by exchange-west - the remodeled according to the conventional implications.

* I compaired the studies which have addressed the issue of patterns and I found that Dr. (Bushra), and Dr (Zaid al-Juhani) studies were closest to the accuracy of the study, as well as their awareness of the nature of the poetic image.

The research addresses one of the important vital topics in contemporary Russian language, which was and still raises a lot of discussion among ranks of Russians grammarians, it is the subject of what the grammatical functions of the source noun clause at the present time and in the past tense, despite the fact that this subject has raised interest around in the works of many Arab scholars and researchers in the field of the Russian language, but so far it has not been covered by all its aspects, where it not given the exact description of the source noun clause and its grammatical functions, there is still a lot of ambiguity and inability' surrounding the understanding and realization of the Arab researcher of the Russian grammatical within this framework, so we decided in this research to remove dust and clarify all outstanding issues in the minds of students of Russian language and determine the latest theories that study sentences in its two types (unilateral or bilateral construction) and set it apart from the others, addressing the most important studies and research and related theoretical propositions on the subject of research.
The importance of theoretical work, summed up being by the first thesis work devoted entirely to the study of the unilateral construction sentences, also the work is characterized by showing the essential nature of these sentences in terms of synthetic, grammatical and functional properties being a part of the Russian sentence, and determine its relationship with the other sentences, relying on several sources, the most important are the works of SHAKHMATOV, VINOGRADOV, ZOLOTOVA, RASPUPAV and finally the work of ANATOLY MIKHELVIJ LOMOV, which is distinguished from the others by the boldness of his presentations and his ideas on topics of contemporary Russian language, especially Russian sentence.

This research is about some Hebrew short stories, selected from the book (Horizon), which is presented to Arabic schools in Israel to teach Hebrew Literature. The stories are written by
Two Hebrew story writers. They are Gershon Shofman (1880-1972), and Isaac Leib Perez (1852-1915). The stories are reviewed and analyzed in a way reveals the literary tendency of the two writers.

This research is about some Hebrew short stories, selected from the book (Horizon), which is presented to Arabic schools in Israel to teach Hebrew Literature. The stories are written by
Two Hebrew story writers. They are Gershon Shofman (1880-1972), and Isaac Leib Perez (1852-1915). The stories are reviewed and analyzed in a way reveals the literary tendency of the two writers.

The literature in general, such as the spanish literature as british literature presence lot of literary figures giant that managed its continuing work that leaves lasting impression and clear in all fields of literary world throughout history, among these writers giants can remind great writer spanish (Miguel de Cervantes) and the great british writer (William Shakespeare), this study is about them.
We can say that there are a lot of studies , works and gossip , whether literary or non- literary show how the close relationship that bound both Cervantes and William Shakespeare, although they did not meet personally never, it was not able to critics that the sweep of the differences and similarities that was between the two, because of the intelligence and the genius in various forms of everyday life has made a great affinity between them in relation to a literary work accurately and innovation of its take it out of the public the best of its quality and impact those around him and the depth of its originality. It is a spiritual relationship rather than a relationship or mock formality inspired by their actions that they have a timeless writing over their lives , such as ( Don Quijote writer Cervantes ) and ( writer Shakespeare's Hamlet ). However, it is a big mistake if we set this relationship literary or framed a certain framework, they are an eternal and great expression of a there idealism literary and interdependent and their relationship with all that is human.

Writing his own biography is like making his
confession in front of the altar of the truth. In The words,
Sartre writes his own child life from the view of a
philosopher-thinker. He presents his days spent just
like a series of images carrying advices and experiences
to whole the world. The words shows the life of a small
orphan who met early with death when he lost his father.
Then death becomes as his shadow that goes with him on
day and night until the end. The mother of the little Poulou
seems like the mirror that reflects the sadness and the
melancholy of the dark and gloomy days. The small
Poulou becomes his only consolation in misery. The little
Jean -Paul lives completely in a literary atmosphere .
Because his grandfather Karl Schweitzer sanctifies the
literature and men of letters who have left their fingerprints
in the heart of human consciousness. Reading in The
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words like seeing the experiences of others to benefit
from it in the future. Writing is like choosing the road
in life without intervention of celeste or terrestrial

ideologies. That is to say, Man must write his own destiny.
Because Sartre believes that Man is the master of the
world and the existence despite the idea of death that
destroys the dream of human being to be immortal.

The concept of fate has been dealt with widely in literature. Almost all people believe in fate and consider it an important factor that determines their conditions and the consequences of their actions. Many nations and in almost all religions, fate is considered as the crucial element that controls people's lives. At times, fate could stand pro or against people's preplanned decisions and thus would change the course of their intentions. Literaturewise, many writers have written about the concept of fate and its effect and impact upon the characters.

The team of this investigation deals with phraseology and the importance of its organized use in the media of communication, especially in the daily newspaper which is used by different society classes.
So, the journalist and news editors have to give a special importance for the phrasing, so as to, bring the attention of the readers. And expressing it with intelligence and accuracy, not only to give a special care for the decoration of phrases. So that news editors have to give importance for the using of linguistic connectors and correct use of punctuation marks, because of its influence in the right comprehension of phrases.

The Bilbao Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) is the author of at least twelve plays. His habit of mixing genres, without clearly distinguishing the drama of the novel in dialogue led him to prefer the theater read. Hence their releases were frequently much later than the printed editions.
Writer tirelessly newspaper articles, essays, short stories, novels, dramas, poems thousands of interesting, and again the same themes are repeated, either in tragic tone as nothing less than a real man (1920), in tone metaphysical burlesque and Fog (1913, probably the best novel of its generation) or the anguished meditations of his poetry. In their fields will see all things simple and brief (about the events or characters).
Participated in politics and writes about it from radical liberal positions. In exile during the dictatorship, Europe becomes a symbol of the fight republican. And sharpens its conflict between the "I" we are or think we are and the "I" that we are to others.

This thesis tackles the impact of Antoine de Saint-Exupery's story The Little Prince. The story belongs to children's literature, which is characterized by a fluent language, easy grammatical structures, in addition to the simplicity of dictions and their closeness to the mentioned audience's mentality. This story is one of the most significant literary productions of the twentieth century that unequally spreads in different countries of the world since it is published in 1943.
To translate this uniqueness, The Little Prince has been particular in the sense that it is translated into all the world's language. It is translated into 260 languages and dialects. The Arabic language has witnessed (16) Arabic Translations, in addition to the different Arabic dialects.
Those translations are expressed according to the special literary translation theories of the text, in addition to the dependence on Vinay and Derbelnet models of comparing translated text. The manner of showing the translations in this thesis differs of what is familiar in other ones, for it tackles the hypothesis thematically not linguistically. It attempts to clarify the ability of delivering intended themes into Arabic to express the translator's success in this aspect. It is not a translation of a linguistics subject or a basic

This study tries to explore what kinds of questions are asked and answered in police interrogations and what are their functions.This is a type of interaction which is composed mainly of questions and answers – each of which are used routinely as vehicles for other actions such as blaming/accusing and denials/defending. Police interrogation provides an ideal setting in which to study these phenomena; that is how ‘questions’ are constructed, and how ‘questions are designed to perform (and hence be vehicles for) other actions. The study proves that the different types and functions of questions require different types of information from the suspect to complete their project; therefore, police detectives have to be trained on how and when to use such types of questions.

Each language has its own grammatical rules. Certain structural similarities among languages are just possible; a whole coincidence between two languages is impossible. Grammatical structure of Arabic differs, in the best part of it, from that of Spanish, particularly regarding tenses, aspects and morphological structures.

The current study tackles one of the morphological structures used in Spanish, the verb non-personal forms, i. e., the infinitive, active participle and passive participle which are non-personal and have no tense, i. e., they do not denote any reference to person or tense.

The main aim of this study is to show how these forms may be accurately and correctly translated into Arabic. These forms have functions and importance in the Spanish sentence, hence, this importance ought to be known in order to be translated correctly into Arabic.

The Bilbao Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) is the author of at least twelve plays. His habit of mixing genres, without clearly distinguishing the drama of the novel in dialogue led him to prefer the theater read. Hence their releases were frequently much later than the printed editions.
Writer tirelessly newspaper articles, essays, short stories, novels, dramas, poems thousands of interesting, and again the same themes are repeated, either in tragic tone as nothing less than a real man (1920), in tone metaphysical burlesque and Fog (1913, probably the best novel of its generation) or the anguished meditations of his poetry. In their fields will see all things simple and brief (about the events or characters).
Participated in politics and writes about it from radical liberal positions. In exile during the dictatorship, Europe becomes a symbol of the fight republican. And sharpens its conflict between the "I" we are or think we are and the "I" that we are to others.

The argumentation find its origins in some conceptions laid by Aristote. A speaker always intends to influence his hearers to change their beliefs. Therefore, this study deals with texts of the political speech of the French presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande in the treatment of argumentative strategies.

This article presents the lexical availability as a practical tool, this research can be exploited didactically in the teaching of vocabulary as a foreign languages LE.

All alive languages had passed linguistic changes that made the mother language not recognized by its present speakers. Some of these changes are: syntactical, semantical, orthographical, phonetical and lexical.
During the period of changes which extends over centuries, there had been a lof of written texts, such as literately texts, biographies, personal memories and manuscripts which are conserved until now as a literatel, historic and linguistic testimonies.
Spanish is one of these languages that had been changed, so, the poem of the Cid (1145) was written in a Spanish which differs from the Spanish in which Cervantes wrote the Don Quixote in (1605/1615) and the Spanish of both of them differs from the Spanish of Francisco Ayala and Azorin, novelists form the twentieth Century.

Writing as a female playwright in theatre gives a deeper depiction of woman’s real- self. Beth Henley has succeeded in providing a new realist vision of women’s abilities to face their inevitable tragic fates and how to conquer their despair. In Crimes of the Heart, the playwright uses certain method to present the development of the heroines’ characters through blending the tragic events with a comic frame. In fact, Henley focuses on the simple humorous activities more that the importance of the tragic event to present her vision of how to survive and face the crisis of life.
Crimes of the Heart is a play that is concerned about three sisters whose lives are headed in distinctly different directions; however, they are struggling to get on their lives.