Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

Corruption have different types is a danger diseases which necrosis in economic infrastructure in advanced countries and underdeveloped countries therefore to require work in earnest uncovering the Corruption to assume getting rid of it and punishment the corrupted.Already the study contain definition the Corruption and types and reason of the Corruption and effect it on the Iraq economic and the means more important to assume getting rid of the Corruption.
The study finished at many of conclusions and recommendations.

The research dealt with the possibility of employing technique of Six sigma to improve the quality of training teams work , and that by identifying problems that may face the process of training teams at all stages , the sample have included (5) teams comprised of (28) members of the staff in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital , the checklist has adopted to explore the views of respondents to the questions asked , as the researchers fill the list in light of the research stipulates \" the Six sigma technique contributes to improving the quality of training teams \" the appropriate number of statistical methods has been used to data analysis . the most important outcome of the research show that the use of it Six sigma can help improve the training teams work , and therefore find recommended to take advantage of the importance of Six sigma technique in improving training teams in the organization surveyed.

This Paper reviewing some of estimation methods of Rayleigh distribution parameters which are: Maximum Likelihood, Moments, Least Square Method, Ridge Regression Method, Modified Ridge Method, Jackknife Method, Simulation experiments have been used with different parameter imposed values and for different sample sizes. Efficiency of the estimators has been measured by Mean Square Error (MSE) and (IMSE) .

This study included tacit & explicit knowledge and and their impact in determining the strategic choice, it offer display a theoretical framework for some of writers and thinkers on the variables of this field , and offered a practical framework analysis of the opinions of designated selected, especially as the independent variable of knowledge has received wide attention in the past few years, although its roots Historically, while variable, such as the approved strategic choice, which is of great importance to the business organizations, and still contentious among theorists.
The study attempted to answer some questions which it expressed the problem of the study, and most notably the question of which states: "What is knowledge management focus for the advancement of knowledge and reality that can contribute effectively to the success of the adoption of appropriate strategic choice."
The researchers tested the correlation between the effect and the independent variable "types of knowledge" and the variable-based "strategic choice" in the medical field, specifically in the City of Medicine "a sample of doctors." Have been reached through this study to several conclusions of the theory and practical was the most important: that there is a correlation between legal entities and the impact of knowledge management and strategic choice.
The study concluded a number of conclusions that the most important institution examined, with attention to explicit knowledge, and the positive relationship between this type of knowledge and stages of strategic choice and occupied the first rank of this type in terms of the strength of the correlation. Found through analysis that the Foundation has given the importance of the second type of knowledge that is tacit knowledge, but less of the type of knowledge and explicit turns out that there is a correlation strong and significant effect of knowledge (tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge), and the stages of strategic selection (identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, choosing suitable alternative).
In light of these conclusions have been reached some of the recommendations put forward in this regard as a result it was found during the study period and through the completion of the study itself and the findings and conclusions resulting the reform.

The policies of economic reforms and structuring Adjustment are considered one of the most controversial issues with respect its goals, procedures, applied mechanisms and results.
Because many international economic organization have adopted such policies (i.e., IMF and IB) Egypt is regarded as one of the countries that adopts these policies in designing local and economic reforms programmers. That is why the researcher tries to evaluate Egypt’s trial and experiment in its following these policies and then the researcher tries to diagnose the points of strength and weakness in fulfilled results ( negatively or positively ) embodying in (( falling back the balance sheet deficit declining unemployment rates , together with the external indebtedness. The stability of rate exchange of the Egyptian pound, increasing the foreign currency reserve growth of gross national product and stability of price rates)),
Increasing the deficiency in Foreign Trade balance sleet, aggregation of unemployment crisis, increasing the Taxation burden, capital Flight to other states, excess of poverty. Besides, it discusses the main remaining challenges in the way of Arab states. Chief of them is Egypt. the main conclusions of this research is to reject such policies and to demand Egypt to adopt policies and programmers including developmental , economic , social and National , considering all objective circum stances so that it will not be within these dependent states which carryout all conditions and restrictions of international organizations including international monetary fund and International Bank .

This study aims to identify the impact of the global financial crisis on the Jordanian economy, the role of the Jordanian banking system to ease their repercussions on the economy, from the perspective of employees in commercial banks in Jordan.
The study population consists of employees in the departments of banking facilities and branch managers in commercial banks of Jordan, who estimated about (253) employees, were selected by stratified random sample (44.2%) of the study and who numbered (112) employees.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of this research; a questionnaires was designed, consisting of (25) paragraph measure the perceptions of employees in the banking sector about the role of the Jordanian banking system to ease the global financial crisis on the Jordanian economy.
Theoretical framework was developed for the study by reviewing the literature of research in the field of the global financial crisis, in addition to previous studies on this subject and after collecting the initial data for the study of the questionnaires, and statistical analysis, this research is to find a set of findings and recommendations. One of the main results of the Jordanian banks resorted to the activation of preventive control, and activates the credit risk management, and reduces operational expenses, to counter the global crisis and its repercussions, and increased non-debt ratios have
The most important recommendations: continuation of the Central Bank of Jordan in the effective and significant role in banking supervision on banks, and to emphasize the application of corporate governance. As well as the continuation of commercial banks to take responsibility to stimulate and activate the direction and development of the Jordanian economy, as well as to assume its social responsibility the direction of its employees, and the direction of the Jordanian society within which they operate.
The Key words: The Global Financial Crisis, The Jordanian Banking System

This research try to focus on the subject of professional convenient and its significance according to individual workers in organization and willing to towards filling their needs and wishes and achieving professional convenient until reaching to achieve basic goals to organization , where , choosing technical institute of Babylon to apply the practical side to this research , and depending on questionnaire as a style to commutate the date . I test the research assumptions and earning find results by using computer program me ( spss ) and reached to group of conclusions .

Aims of this Research to identify the role of Corporate Governance in limiting the effects of Creative Accounting Methods and through a field study of a sample of Iraqi Companies, and to achieve this goal researcher followed the style of Statistical Analysis using Questionnaire as a tool to collect data from individual sample consisting of Internal and External Auditors , The Staff of the Company and Analysts Financial, and research sample consists of (40) individual for the purpose of data analysis and Hypothesis testing was to depend on Statistical Program (SPSS).
The research has come to a role for the Application of Corporate Governance Statistically significant at the level (5%) to reduce the effects of Creative Accounting Methods, as it showed the results of research that there is strong correlation between Corporate governance and Creative Accounting of (0.978) as well as a correlation slope between Governance Companies, Creative Accounting, amounting to ( = 1.085) , as well as The total coefficient of determination(R2) the amount of (0.956) This means that Corporate Governance is able to explain what percentage for (95.6%) of the changes in The Independent Variable (Creative Accounting), While the percentage the remaining (4.4%) is attributable to the contribution of other variables not included in the scope of this research.
The research has come to a set of Conclusions including:
The Corporate Governance role of large and effective in eliminating Administrative and Financial Practices misunderstandings and prevent any acts no Ethical and thus reduce the effects of Creative Accounting methods of manipulating the accounting numbers, and other cases of fraud and deception and the exploitation of legal loopholes and the multiplicity of accounting alternatives. .
The most important Recommendations of the Search:
The need for tough legislation to prevent the occurrence of fraud and corruption and all acts Professional non-moral in the reports and financial statements, as well as offer Education Programs and establish Seminars for users of Accounting Information and work to develop A Culture of Authority of Governance (Corporate Governance) through the establishment of Scientific Symposia and Workshops.

As a result of developments in the business and because of global competition , many business organizations trying to find modern . inventors and thinkers in the field of marketing began thinking to find means to exploit this development by planning new strategies to take advantage to reach the goal , the lowest possible cost , both in the long term or short term .in the this context , large expenditures on promotional campaigns therefore it requires the best use of ICT and its innovative applications ;therefore many international organizations use modern strategy ,such as strategy of viral marketing, which is one of the modern concepts in the field of studies and marketing research based on the concept of the spoken word in the implementation of marketing activities by relying on the internet, by trying to deliver its advertising to the largest number of people, transferring the message content in authenticity ,credibility . Its role in the brand . this concept by studying the most important topics that form the basic conceptual and philosophical framework ,and conduct a survey through the design of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of Internet users of Karbala university students . finally it has been reached to a set of conclusions . The most important it is considered viral marketing a key of success for many organizations ,especially the electronic one ,without this strategy the business organizations cannot work and distribute its products ,ideas ,working in internet market and distinct and superiority in business compared with traditional communication means. a set of recommendation are provided , like application tools for viral marketing concept in environment ,in addition to that making the viral marketing strategy one of the strategic directions for business organizations and consider it one of strategic options for brand advertising .

Poverty is one of the threats of the true stability of the economic, social and security levels and is as old as the human and life styles through the ages and the phenomenon of various development aspects due to several reasons, including economic, administrative and policy in the province of Basra, so the aim of the research is to examine the conceptual framework of poverty and identify reasons caused it and consider its negative effects on visual poor families with them trying to put measures to reduce it.

The role of creativity in improving the performance of marketing staff
The study aimed to determine the role of creative marketing to improve the performance of employees and the study was conducted on a sample of workers in the company of the fabric soft in Hilla was the sample (25) factor and represent the study population have been using some statistical tools to test hypotheses of the study The results of the study, no differences morale among employees about the dimensions of creative marketing due to reasons such as culture and the type of activity practiced by the company and found the study to determine the relative importance of each of the dimensions of creative marketing and indicators of the exceptional performance of staff and concluded the study recommendations of the most important, the need to strengthen training and continue it and develop it, and also to strengthen after efficiency as long as was the importance primarily relative to this dimension.