Kirkuk Journal of Science

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept called supra ‒ connectedness in
supra topological spaces and study some of the properties".

In this work, solar cells were simulated single, mechanically and monolithically stacked
based on the CZTS (Se) 4 absorption layer, both layers of tandem solar cell were simulated
using by AFORS-HET software (one-dimensional ). Electrical properties of the monolithical
tandem cell, it's determined after the current matching to the top and bottom sub-cell. The
short circuit current density Jsc is about 23.9 mA. cm-2 when the top cell thickness is 384 nm
in conjunction with the 1000 nm bottom cell thickness. The maximum efficiency obtained is
approximately 23.1% with an open circuit voltage Voc ~ 1146.9 mv. The efficiency of the
mechanical tandem cell with series connection was 23.76 % at open circuit voltage Voc ~
1166.9 mv and the efficiency about 26.62 % at open circuit voltage Voc ~ 475.2 mv for
mechanical tandem cell with parallel connection when the both cells had the same
thickness(1000nm).

Groundwater is one of the main sources for human consumption, and irrigation in arid and
semi-arid rejoins in the world. Local peoples in the agricultural areas of Iraq generally
consume shallow groundwater from farm wells. This study aims to evaluate health risk due to
heavy metals contamination such as (Fe, Co, Zn, Ni, Mn, As, Cu, Cr, Mo and Pb) in
groundwater from Qara-hanjeer sub-basin (NE Kirkuk-Iraq). The quantification of
contamination index based on heavy metals; Cd, HPI and MI showed that anthropogenic
activities have not modified the groundwater chemistry at least in a large scale. Health risk
assessment model revealed that Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both (HQing), (HQdrm) and
HI for the heavy elements within water samples for dry and wet seasons were all significantly
lower than (1) for the child and adults, suggesting no potential non-carcinogenic health risks
via dermal exposure. However accessible concentrations of (Zn), (Mo) and (Pb) in some wells
in the southern area of the study indicates that it is possible that over time and with increasing
in concentrations of these elements in groundwater as a result of seepage of wastewater or
sewage to the well, we have the environmental problems in the mentioned area.

In this study some new derivatives of thiazole compounds were successfully prepared in
two steps with high yields. The first step included a synthesis of a new series of pyrazoline
(1a-1i) using a one-pot three components reaction. The reaction between (acetophenone\4-
nitroacetophenone), different substituted benzaldehyde compounds and thiosemicarbazide in
absolute ethanol as a solvent with heating at reflux provided the new series of pyrazoline
derivatives in a short reaction times. In the second step, the pyrazoline compounds (1a-1i)
refluxed with 4-bromophenacyl bromide in absolute ethanol to produce thiazole compounds
(2a-2i) in high yields. The Infra-red technique (FT-IR) was used to identify the synthesised
compounds and the proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique (
1H-NMR) was used to
identify som of them.

Hypericum triquetrifolium is an herbaceous perennial plant, numerous of the bioactive
compound are present in it that is responsible for several biological functions. Aim of this
research the protective effect of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium on some
biochemical parameters and histopathological study in hyperlipidemic male rats. Thirty-six
male albino rats were divided into six groups, control group (fed with standard pellet),
hyperlipidemia group , three ,four and five groups hyperlipidemic rats treated with aqueous
extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium in different dosage (1000,2000,3000) mg/kg body
weight, respectively, and last group hyperlipidemic rats treated with rosuvastatin drug 10
mg/kg for 60 days . The results showed that the body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride,
low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein
ratio, and hepatic enzymes increased significantly (p˂0.05) in hyperlipidemia group when
compared with control group, but Hypericum triquetrifolium have ability to reduction the
level of body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very lowdensity lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, as well as the low dose of H.
triquetrifolium nonsignificantly (p>0.05), prevent to increase liver enzymes, conversely the
level of liver enzymes in rosuvastatin group treatment increased when compared with other
treated and untreated groups. Noticeable damage of histology in testis showed degeneration in
the germinal layer and fat change in liver of hyperlipidemia and rosuvastatin group, the low
dose of H. triquetrifolium has beneficial effect on sperm parameters and histology of testis
and liver. The quantity of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium and antioxidant
power of this plant have an essential role in their activity.

The results indicated that (5) isolates only of yeasts of them have proved their ability for
IAA production with different concentrations. Best yeast isolates where chosen for IAA
production the yeast; K. ohmeri –AR1and Rh.mucilaginosa –AR the best isolates to produced
109 and 107 g/ml for each of them respectively, when grown on YPG media at 28℃ for 5
days. Spectrophotometer were used for this purpose. The highest production of IAA were
noticed when incubated for 7 days and reached 222.2 and 217.6 g/ml respectively. Results
also declared that glucose was the best carbon source the production of IAA for K.ohmeri –
AR1and manitol for Rh.mucilaginosa –AR and reached 119.4 and 58.3 g/ml respectively.
While trypton was the better source of nitrogen and gave 149.0 g/ml for K.ohmeri –AR1and
pepton for Rh.mucilaginosa –AR with 68.4 g/ml. Result also showed that pH level played an
important role on the production of IAA where the high output was discovered at pH 6 for the
growth of K.ohmeri –AR1gave 267.9 and pH 7 produced 246.5 g/ml for Rh.mucilaginosa-AR . The highest concentration of IAA production was noticed when tryptophan was used at
0.3% for growing of Rh.mucilaginosa –AR and 0.4% for K.ohmeri –AR1 where hormone
production was about 191.3 and 202.8 g/ml for each of them respectively. The estimation of
IAA was also done by HPLC which gave 96 g/ml of IAA for K.ohmeri –AR1and 44 g/ml
for Rh.mucilaginosa-AR .AR . The highest concentration of IAA production was noticed when tryptophan was used at
0.3% for growing of Rh.mucilaginosa –AR and 0.4% for K.ohmeri –AR1 where hormone
production was about 191.3 and 202.8 g/ml for each of them respectively. The estimation of
IAA was also done by HPLC which gave 96 g/ml of IAA for K.ohmeri –AR1and 44 g/ml
for Rh.mucilaginosa-AR .

Nanoparticles of zinc oxide are prepared by three different chemical methods. The first
one includes mixing of zinc nitrate (hexa – H2O) with solution of sodium hydroxide (0.4N) at
a ratio of (2:1) (sampleN1). In the second method, ammonium bicarbonate solution mixed
with zinc sulfate (0.2M) at a ratio of (1:2) (sampleN2). The third method includes mixing of
zinc nitrate (hexa – H2O) with sodium hydroxide (0.6N) at a ratio of (2:1) (sampleN3), were
solution of starch added as fixing agent for nanoparticles. The nanoparticles examined by X–
ray diffraction technique. in addition to transmission electronic microscope to determine the
volume of nanoparticles. Composites are prepared by mixing nanoparticles of zinc oxide with
epoxy resin. Mechanical properties measurement showed that the hardness value of the
sample (EP+N3) was (103.38) due to Shore is better than the values of the other prepared
samples (EP, EP+N2, EP+N1). Also, the composite (EP+N3) showed good compressive
strength which was (163.71 MPa). The value of thermal conductivity of the mentioned
composite was (6.41W m
-1 0K
-1
) which indicates good thermal properties. However, the
study showed that the Epoxy resin has a good response to form important composites with
zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Preparation blend Epoxy, Polyester (EP95% , UPE 5%) reinforced by nano silica (SiO2)
of grain sizes (30nm), Nano Alumina (Al2O3) of grain sizes (30nm) and short carbon fiber
(C.F) With volume fraction 15%, for all prepared samples. Mechanical test (such as Tensile ,
Brinel hardness) was done in order to determine Tensile strength, young modulus, Tensile
Fracture and physical test such as thermal and electrical (dielectric constant) in order to
determine thermal conductivity and dielectric constant. The result shows that the addition of
SiO2, Al2O3 and C.F to the blend (EP+ UPE) enchanted the mechanical properties at normal
condition, the young modulus (E) is 36.1 MPa, and Tensile strength (T.S) is 7.80 MPa for
blend (UPE5% EP95%). But these values changed with reinforcing to become 114.5 MPa,
16.61 MPa for sample A1, 601 MPa, 34.95 MPa for sample A2 and 394 MPa, 36.93 MPa for
sample A3 respectivitly. the results showed that the high values hardness was for sample A1,
A2, A3 than blend A. and the high values hardness value was for sample A3. About the
physical properties, It was found that the reinforcing with SiO2, Al2O3 powder and short
carbon fiber Lead to increased thermal conductivity (K)from0.282 W/m.oC for A to(0.321,
0.368, 0.518) W/m.oC for A1, A2, A3 respectivitly and while the dielectric constant (Ɛr)
decreased and with changed from 1.5 to (1.49 , 0.95 , 0.94) for A1, A2, A3 respectively.

The research included the study of some Geotechnical properties of selected Locations
from the Sikanian region, which is Miocene – Pliocene and quaternary deposits. The study
area located in the northeastern part of kirkuk governorate. The samples were collected from
four sites. Moisture content, dry density, porosity, sciemic wave velocity, and uniaxial
compressive strength tests were conducted of the rock samples in the laboratory. The results
of petrophysical tests showed that the Dry Density ranged between (1.38-2.58) gm.cm-3
and
Porosity between (13.22- 24.5)%. The uniaxail compresive strength results ranged between
(6.71-52.45) Mpa The seismic velocity of the sandstone was higher than the seismic velocity
of the claystone and showed a good positive correlation between Dynamic and Mechanic
properties, This relation can be used to find and extract Uniaxial compressive strength values
for sandstone and claystone of Sikanian region in the case of absence of standard sample.

The hydrodynamic bearings are important components of most of the rotary parts in
different applications. The current study examines the performance of the traditional type,
which is the most common because they are easy to the manufactured, relatively low cost, but
they have low stability compared with other type because they have large values for the cross
coupling stiffness coefficients, which are responsible for the whirl phenomenon. The
mathematical model was constructed and the equations of the thickness change oil film were
presented. In addition to the mathematical formula of Reynolds equation, the numerical
solution was adopted to solve it using a (five-nodes) scheme method and it is solved using the
(MATLAB) software. The oil film and the foundation were considered as springs that were
connected to each other in series and the equivalent stiffness coefficient are calculated. The
results showed that taking the foundation effect into account reduces the overall values of the
stiffness coefficient. The results showed that the use of different materials in the covering
leads to a decrease in the equivalent stiffness coefficient value depending on the layer
thickness of the covering. The method of partial covering caused an important of some of
stiffness coefficient and decrease.

The study was carried out in Agricultural Research station of College of Agriculture/
Tikrit University at 17/11/2016, the population of second filial were planted for half diallel
crosses by 45 crosses with its ten parents: (PO6-OO1FB/FL, PO6-OO2FB/FL, PO6-
OO3FB/FL, PO6-OO5FB/FL, PO6-OO9FB/FL, PO6-OO11FB/FL, PO6-OO13FB/FL, PO6-
OO14FB/FL, Syrian Local large and Aguadolce) of Faba Bean crop (Vicia faba L.) by using
Randomise Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) by three replicates, the evaluation of the
genotypes was showed surpassing of the parent (2) for five traits: (number of the days for
50% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of the seeds in the pod and single plant yield)
the parent (5) was surpassed in two traits: (number of the branches, and biological yield) the
parent (8) in two traits: (seed yield and harvest index), the parent (9) was surpassed in yield
efficiency and the parent (7) in the number of the pod and the parent (3) in seed weight trait
the crosses (1×5), (1×6), (1×10), (2×9), (3×5), (5×9), (6×7), (7×9), (3×10) and (8×10) in the
traits: (number of the days for 50% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of the branches,
number of the pods, number of the seeds in the pod, weight of the seed, single plant yield,
seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and yield efficiency). The combining ability effect
results the parent (2) had significant effect for general combining ability to desired direction,
and the excessing for all the traits except the traits: (number of the pods, weight of seeds,
seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and yield efficiency) also the parent (8) gave
significant effect for general combining ability to desired direction for the traits: (number of the days for 50% flowering, weight of seed, yield of the seeds, biological yield and harvest
index) the parent (9) for the traits: (number of the branches, number of the seeds in the pod,
weight of the seed, single plant yield and yield efficiency) therefor it may useful to use these
parents and entered them in the crosses program in the future The more crosses which
surpassed in the effects of specific combining ability were: (2×7) and (4×6) for nine traits,
(5×9) for eight traits, (5×6), (8×9) and (8×10) for seven traits, (1×10), (1×3) and (5×10) for
six traits, (1×2), (1×8), (2×9), (3×6), (3×7), (3×8), (4×7) and (9×10) for five traits, (1×4),
(1×5), (1×7), (3×4). (3×10), (4×10), (5×8), (6×7) and (6×8) for four traits and nine crosses for
three traits. The best parents which transport its performance in the traits for its generations
regularly were: the parent (1) for the days to 50% flowering, the parent (2) for plant height,
leaf area, biological yield and single plant yield, the parent (3) and (5) for number of the pods,
the parent (6) for harvest index, the parent (9) for number of the branches, number of the
seeds and yield efficiency, the parent(8) for seed weight and seed yield, so it can use these
parents and its crosses for the aim of transporting the genes and selection for desired traits.

In this paper, the preparation of nickel catalyst supported on gamma alumina with high
surface area was done; nickel sulphate was used as a source of nickel. Impregnation method was
used in the preparation with two-stage, as it is known cannot use this method to prepare catalysts
with a high content of metal Despite the ease and simplicity of it, so the solution is fragmented
into two parts and download each part separately. Nickel content was measured in solution by
atomic absorption device as well as the comparison was made between the prepared catalyst and
commercial catalyst by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray deflection (XRD).

Suspension of two yeast types one of them isolated from soil and the other from yellow
apple, Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa –AR were used to determine
their ability to enhance the growth of seelding wheat plant and improve it's growth characters.
Results showed that plants inoculated with each type of the yeasts and planted on water agar
medium caused significant root elongation with 9.1 and 8.6 cm respectively as compared to
non-inoculated plants which was 6.6 cm. Seeds treated with yeast suspension and planted on
peatmoss encouraged plant growth and improve growth characters of the plant and gave
seedling hight and radical length equall to 22.7, 22.1 cm and 14.0, 12.9 cm as compared to un
inoculated control plants with 19.0 and 8.2 cm respectively. Also increased the dry weight of shoot and root system by 0.030, 0.028, 0.035, 0.032 g/ plant-1
comparing with the un
inoculated controls by 0.020 and 0.023 g / plant-1
for each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa -AR
and Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1respectively. Moreover increased the number of lateral roots and
leaf area signitfcautly by 6.3, 6.1 and 6.3, 6.0 cm2 whereas for control plants it reached 4.6
and 4.8 cm2
respectively. Inoculated wheat seeldings with each of two type yeast suspension
enhanced all test growth parameters high seeldings، length root، soft weight of vegetable
total، soft weight of root total, dry weight of vegetable total, dry weight of root total, number
of lateral root, paper area as well as chlorophyll content of the plants as compared with
controls.

An easy, rapid and sensitive novel spectrophotometric method for estimation of trace
amounts of Promethazine-HCl in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on
using the oxidative coupling reaction of Promethazine-HCl with m-amino benzoic acid
reagent at pH1.2 in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide to produce an intense green color,
water soluble, product which exhibit maximum absorbance at 592 nm. Beer's law is obeyed
over concentration range of (2-26 µg/ml), with a Ԑ 9.754
l/mol.cm, Coefficient
determination (R2
=0.9999 . a i . 9
, the average recovery is
100.396 %, RSD does not exceed 0.3996 %, LOD of 0.1949 µg/m1 and LOQ of 0.5905
µg/m1. The proposed method was applied successfully for determination of PMZH in its
pharmaceutical formulations