Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

Contemporary theater witnessed a great development in the design of the theatrical scene, which is the most important part of the theatrical performance today. The goal of scenography is to create an expressive assortment image that translates the text into a tangible reality on the stage, that is, the fusion of all its elements to pour into the image of the image. In the scenography of the children's theater performances, the image precedes the word through the subjection of the elements of the scenography in all its aspects to creative and aesthetic measurements based on the dramatic content that it seeks to convey to the recipient. This requires that it be appropriate with the needs of the recipient (the child) to achieve the highest degree of fascination and suspense, given the specificity of this small recipient and his psychological and emotional needs.

The most important characteristic of the open theater is its reliance on the actor’s physical and vocal mechanisms, which were distinctive signs and of great significance in the emergence of the theater since its religious beginnings, which were in the courtyards of the temples and then moved to the streets and public squares. It is an intimate relationship with the recipient. The workers in the theater found that there is a relationship between employing the actor's vocal and physical on one hand and mechanisms and the open theater on the other hand. Considering that the box theater somewhat limits the capabilities of the actor. Therefore, this research was to solve this problem. The research included four chapters, the first chapter of which was the theoretical framework, and it included the research problem, the importance of the research, the research objectives, the limits of the research, and the most important terms contained in the research. The second chapter (theoretical framework) included two topics. As for the second topic (represented in the open space), the chapter concluded with the most important indicators of the theoretical framework. Speaking of the third chapter, the researcher included the research procedures as well as the research community, research samples, research methodology and research tool, while the fourth chapter embraced the most important results and conclusions, and then a list of sources and references.

The criteria of the western theater and the modern Islamic theater differed in terms of content. This is because the western theater derives its principles and origins from the pagan religion, while the modern Islamic theater came with contents derived from the Glorious Qur'an and the Islamic doctrine. Besides, the Islamic theater did not reject the contents of western theater that are compatible with the principles Of our true religion. In other words, it took what matches our faith and rejected what goes against it.

The current study aims to introduce the following points:
• Measuring modernity among teachers.
• Measuring the quality of life of teachers.
• Identifying the correlation between (modernity and quality of life) among teachers.
The current research is limited to male and female teachers in primary schools in the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad (first Rusafa - second Karkh) for the academic year (2021-2022). The researcher selected (100Male teachers) and (100 female teachers) from the research community, and the researcher built the measure of modernity according to the steps of building the objective scale followed, and adopted the scale of the quality of life of the researcher (Zarkani 2018), and the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods to extract the results and the most important findings of the research:
1-The current research sample (teachers) have modernity and keep up with it.
2- The teachers enjoy a quality of life.
3- There is a correlation between modernity and quality of life among teachers.

The current research aims to identify:
1- The professional identity of preparatory school teachers 2- Academic achievement motivation among preparatory school teachers 3- The relationship between professional identity and academic achievement motivation among preparatory school teachers. 4- The difference in the relationship between professional identity and academic achievement motivation according to the variable: a- gender (male-female) b- years of service (long “10 years or more” – short “less than 10 years”), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted a scale (Al-Dhahabi, 2020) for the professional identity based on the theory (Caspi & Roberts 2001) consisting of (28) items. As for the academic achievement motivation scale, the researcher built the scale based on the definition and theory (1953, McClelland) It consists of (35) items, and the psychometric characteristics were extracted from excellence, validity and stability, as the items of the two scales were applied to a sample consisting of (300) preparatory school teachers for the academic year (2021-2022), and the following results were reached:
1- Preparatory school teachers have a professional identity. 2- Preparatory school teachers have academic achievement motivation. 3- There is a relationship between professional identity and academic achievement motivation. 4- There are no statistically significant differences between professional identity and academic achievement motivation according to the gender variable. B- There are no Statistically significant differences between professional identity and academic achievement motivation according to long years of service (“10 years or more” – short “less than 10 years”).

The study aims to identify the roles and tasks carried out by information specialists in university branch libraries that he plays in a developed and changing world from other workers in the information sector and demonstrates his skill. The process of objective analysis of information sources is one of the basic works of his work, and the statement of the effects and repercussions of the absence of his role. The study used the analytical descriptive approach as it is more appropriate in reaching the results with reliance on the questionnaire in the process of data collection by distributing the questionnaire form to the workers in the university branch libraries of the Al-Iraqia University with their different scientific levels, amounting to (27) employees. The study used the statistical analysis method in extracting Results

Transportation is a vital topic in order to access health care, especially in the urban and rural areas of Baquba city, where the travel distances between health centers and residents (accessibility). There is significant evidence that healthcare utilization is lower in rural areas than in urban areas. There are a number of possible explanations for these differences. In terms of that comparison, the proportion of population density, travel distances and the number of transportation options available in rural areas can be an important factor. Distances to regional health-care centers in rural areas can often be significant. The problem is compounded when a growing portion of the population in rural areas is elderly who require health care services and who have limited transportation options. This prompted an increasing number of elderly people who live in rural areas and who prefer to live in the workplace to move to city centers to improve their access to health care. This study deals with the effect of population density, types of transportation routes and their area on the distribution of health centers in the areas of Baquba city. These centers in the study areas suffer from problems caused by the difference in the distribution of population density and the connection of these health centers to transportation methods in relation to the city center and the countryside. This model was determined based on the formulation of two theories based on mathematical foundations and functions. The first theory explains the relationship between the population density of each region and the type of transportation network (street type and area) for the city of Baquba. While the second theory determines the distribution of health centers depending on the population density ratio extracted depending on the type and area of the street. According to the available data and through mathematical calculations, new results were obtained that determined the appropriate number of health centers needs for each of the study regions, depending on the population density and the nature of the road, which is an important factor in establishing health facilities.

The study aims to identify the flood risks and the resulting effects of a section of the Tigris River between the Shirqat district and the mouth of the lower Zab using (HEC.RAS) due to the exposure of the study area to the floods of the Tigris River from time to time, which pose a great danger to the natural and human phenomena within the study area. On the data of water releases and their evaluation through hydrological data, and the analysis of the results of the (HEC.RAS) program for each cross-section and the study of natural characteristics, and the statement of the role of natural characteristics and their impact on the distribution of the amount of water running in the river spatially and temporally, and the amount of sediment carried in the river varies according to the variation of these factors From one site to another, analyzing the discharge patterns of the river channel, extracting flooding areas by digital modeling using the Hydrologic Engineering Center program, which is one of the most important river analysis programs and their applications, analyzing and modeling rivers and surface runoff, finding flooding maps and extracting the flood hydrograph in the river. As well as evaluating the river flow and the extent of the effect of high or low discharges in the river channel, studying the course changes for different periods of years (2010-2020) and analyzing the flood waves. It is clear through the flow hydrograph to determine the highest values for the inflow and outflow and for the duration of the flood wave, as the highest percentage of the inflow was (6875) m3 / sec. Critical areas have been identified such as areas of changing inclinations, changing the roughness coefficient and areas of expansion.

Land uses within the city, including residential use, are characterized by a competitive dynamic on the built and unbuilt area unit in the residential neighborhoods, due to the presence of the forces of attraction and expulsion, especially in the central areas and their edges, and this leads in turn to the phenomenon of substitution (transformation and change) functional and urban.
And since the residential job is weak in competition with the commercial and industrial job, so the area it occupies will decrease whenever the size of the city increases or swells due to population growth, so it will soon give up part of its space for other commercial or industrial uses.
And because the dwelling changes in form and function according to the environmental, economic and social changes taking place in society as a result of technological development and natural population increase, so the research explains the relationship between population growth in the study area located in the city of Baghdad, which is the locality 817 in Al-Tamim neighborhood (Al-Bayaa), and between the change in the function The size and area of residential use, housing units and their suitability for housing standards, and the amount of net and total residential density.

The roots and details of geographical blogging date back to early periods in the life of mankind, through the material and moral heritage left to us by human civilizations with their various differences in various fields related to geographical works and travel literature. Oman has had a great number of geographical blogs that were made by travellers, merchants and adventurous sailors or those that have been written down and copied by historians, geographers, politicians and religious scholars throughout history.
The books and sources of geographical blogging were the result of successive experiences of successive generations, which had a clear passion in this field and in discovering the hidden aspects of Oman and other regions and areas. This geographical heritage, through its various historical periods, is a cultural extension of previous experiences that researchers and those interested in this field relied on to support their studies and research reports.
We may not be able to elaborate on this matter, but we firmly believe in the role of geographical blogging in proving many of the historical and geographical facts of Oman and other regions, strengthening and consolidating loyalty and belonging to all the legacies and gains of this Arab-Muslim region, and to establish the foundations of its existence and its political, economic and social role at the level of The Persian Gulf region and Persia and at the international level as well.

The study of population growth and housing reality is very important as it is one of the urban studies that gives information to the responsible authorities capable of making decisions to address these problems. The study was represented by the study of the Ghazaliya area, which is located west of the capital Baghdad, which is one of the newly established areas that witnessed rapid population growth, which caused numerous problems for the residential function after relying on some of its planning indicators. The population growth and urban land uses in the study area have been studied, as well as indicators for the housing unit not to mention some criteria for those housing units. The study showed that there are multiple housing problems faced by the region due to the rapid and continuous population growth .

The research deals with the study of the interrelationship between economic activities and land transportation methods in the Tarmiyah district with geographical description and analysis. It is of two main parts, they are as follows: the first one dealt with the mutual impact between transportation methods and agricultural activity in the Tarmiyah district, while the other dealt with the mutual relationship between transportation methods and industrial activity in the study area. The study reached several results, the most prominent of which is that there is a positive relationship between transport projects represented in the construction and development of the road network and economic activities, which helped in the emergence and development of rural and urban areas.

This study analyzed and revealed the change of land cover patterns, especially agricultural lands, in the Musayyib region for the period (2000-2020) by applying the analytical approach, and processing four visualizations (Landsat ETM) and (Landsat OLI) with a spatial resolution of (30) meters, and two visualizations per year for the spring and autumn seasons. A numerical classification was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Hybrid Classification, and environmental degradation indicators for land cover patterns (NDVI, IPVI, SAVI, BSI, WI, NDBI, TCG, TCW) were extracted.
The aim is to reveal the role of natural and human factors for the occurrence of changing patterns of land cover and its uses using ERDAS 2014 programs, ARC GIS 10.7).
The results revealed that the patterns of land cover have changed their uses, as the urban cover and barren lands expanded and increased on agricultural lands. Its area increased (26.53) km2 to 70.72 km2, and water witnessed an increase in the area.

This research dealt with the geomorphic of the estuary of the Diyala River in the Tigris using modern techniques, as the study showed the analysis and comparison of the changes in the estuary of the Diyala River for three time periods (1990-2005-2021) to highlight the geomorphic changes and their analysis, it showed that there were changes in the area of the flood plain as it changed during the study periods amounting to Its area is (11.9 km²) in 1990 and (12.2 km²) in 2005 and this situation has stabilized until 2021. (3) torsions in 2005 and settled on (3) torsions in 2021, as they varied in their morphometric and morphological characteristics in terms of meander ratio, length of range, wavelength inflection, length and width of the stream in torsion and bend, and the study revealed a change in the number, dimensions, characteristics and area of the river islands during The duration of the study, the number of river islands reached (3) islands in 1990, then the number decreased to one island in 2005 after two islands merged with the floodplain, and in 2021 (3) islands, two of which are modern.

Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is defined as process of rendering multimodal product from the source language SL into the target language (TL). In other words, the AVT translator works on transferring the meaning of every mode (aural, visual and written) in the body of the (movie, interview, documentary reports, interview, cartoon, etc.) from one language into another. Besides, both researchers chose abbreviation forms found in the body of the American movie (Angels and Demons) to be analyzed into Arabic. They pinpointed three available fansubbing products of the movie in question online. It is hypothesized that amateur subtitlers whose translations selected for the analysis might produce inaccurate translation of the abbreviation forms because subtitling from English into Arabic not only depends on the process of conveying the meaning of the forms but also on the successful employment of the technical aspects associated with the process of fansubbing from English into Arabic such as (number of character per line, number of line and duration of product presentation on the screen). The analysis of the movie has verified the abovementioned hypothesis.

The difference in the types of soil in the study area is caused by the difference in the quality of rocks and the effect of the natural factors that contributed to the formation of the soil, as these factors resulted in different chemical and physical properties of the soil, and one of these factors is the climate factor with its various factors, which is the main factor in soil formation. Soil samples were taken and analyzed to identify the chemical and physical properties of the soil of the study area, through which and in consultation with the specialists, the soil of the study area were classified into five types of soils that differ in their chemical properties from the interaction of the soil (acidic and basic), electrical conductivity and the proportion of calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and sodium. Also, the physical properties of the soil texture and its types and the volume of sediments consisting of sand, clay and silt.

Abstract
The present paper deals with the translation assessment of some Arabic official documents translated into English at the lexical and syntactic levels. Official documents are the documents that an institution issues and which has the original data which support the summarized information on the document. D`ocuments and data which are sent via secure electronic transmission can be deemed official documents. Official copies of documents are required for admission and evaluation toward degree progress, and all such documents must be signed and sealed by authorized officials of the originating institution.
The present study is aimed at carrying out a translation assessment of Arabic official documents at the lexical and syntactic levels. To achieve the aim of the study, it is hypothesized that the translators of Arabic legal texts into English may not achieve legal effect in the TL as a result of their poor competence in translating such a type of texts. It is also hypothesized that the adoption of functional equivalence by translators can play an important role in achieving the legal effect and the intention of the SL writer.
In order to test the validity of those hypotheses, selected official documents and their translations, which will be subject to translation assessment, are taken from the book "Translation of Official Documents" by Ibrahim et al. (2016). If the translators fail to give the suitable translation of Arabic official documents, the researcher will give his suggested translation

This study was carried out to investigate the preferences of Iraqi college students studying English as Foreign Language (EFL) with respect to written Corrective Feedback (CF) in their writing classrooms. The present study seeks to fill the gap in research concerning written CF in Iraqi college EFL writing classrooms since the preferences of Iraqi college EFL students regarding written CF have not explored yet. It aims to examine the amount of written CF a sample of Iraqi college EFL students considers useful. It also aims to examine the types of written CF this sample of Iraqi college EFL students thinks most valuable, and their reasons for preferring certain kinds of corrective strategies. In addition, this research aims to find out the types of errors this sample of Iraqi college EFL students regard useful to be corrected, and why they prefer certain types of errors. To do this the current study employed a questionnaire for collecting data. A sample of 80 Iraqi college EFL female students of the department of English language of College of Education for women of Al Iraqyia university in Baghdad volunteered to fill the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative data from the questionnaire. The findings indicated that the participants in this study differed in their preferences concerning the amounts of errors to be corrected, since many of them preferred their instructor to correct all errors but not the minor ones. Other participants liked their instructor to correct all errors. It was also found that most of the participants in the present study preferred receiving written CF on repeated errors. Concerning written CF, the participants also differed in their preferable choices. For example, many of the participants in this research highly favoured the technique of written CF that was correction with comments. Over half of the participants liked the technique of teacher correction. Furthermore, some students preferred the technique of written CF which was clues or directions on how fix an error.

Abstrait
J'ai mis en évidence la pierre angulaire de la philosophie islamique, qui est la réforme au XIXème siècle entre ces deux cheikhs, car durant cette période nous vivions des transformations radicales dans le monde islamique, comme l'état d'honneur mental, social et politique au XVIIIème siècle a atteint son apogée dans le retard et le déclin des illusions et des superstitions, et des hérésies perverses à cause de l'ignorance, et l'Orient islamique gémissait sous l'oppression, l'ignorance et la tyrannie. Et après la découverte de l'Amérique et l'ouverture de la route des Indes, l'Europe a commencé à suivre la voie du progrès. Et si nous regardons l'histoire islamique, nous la trouvons pleine d'efforts de réforme et de renouvellement, et c'était la chose importante présentée par Al-Ghazali, Ibn Tamimah, Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani, Muhammad Abda et Abdul-Hamid Ibn Badis. Et que la réalité du monde islamique à l'époque de l'avènement du cheikh Jamal al-Din et de Muhammad Abduh au XIXe siècle était compatible avec une connaissance imparfaite, plus dangereuse que la simple ignorance. retard:
Retard intellectuel: arguments verbaux qui n'enrichissent pas et informations formelles sur la religion, et seule l'arithmétique simple est connue de la science moderne, et une petite citation de l'astronomie ancienne qui travaille pour déterminer les heures de culte, et l'éducation à Al-Azhar n'était que bourrer d'informations sans critique, réflexion et déduction. La rigueur de l'ecclésiastique : La porte de l'ijtihad est fermée, et tout ijtihad est une hérésie. Quant à la religion, elle est devenue plus des rituels apparents qui ne touchent pas le cœur et ne ravivent pas l'âme... Dans ce cas, les deux cheikhs se sont révoltés pour une réforme globale, mais ils ont ensuite divergé et chacun a choisi son propre chemin. Par conséquent, Cheikh Jamal Al-Din n'était pas un grand auteur, mais avec beaucoup de mots, préparant les esprits et éduquant les âmes, son approche était quelque peu similaire à celle de Socrate. Quant au cheikh Muhammad Abduh, c'était un grand écrivain qui a en quelque sorte négligé de parler aux masses...La pensée de Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, comme celle de Muhammad Abduh, a commencé par la question du déclin du monde islamique et de son besoin d'auto-résurrection, il savait donc que la raison de la faiblesse des pays islamiques est : l'ignorance, la pauvreté, l'arriération et la domination coloniale, et que l'Orient doit apprendre les arts et les sciences utiles de l'Europe, non par imitation aveugle, mais avec diligence, car Al-Afghani croyait que les victoires de l'Europe n'étaient obtenues que grâce à son intérêt pour la science et ses applications exactes, et que la maladie de l'Orient réside dans le triple ennemi, qui est l'ignorance, la pauvreté et la tyrannie des rois. Il croyait que la victoire était liée à la voie de la réforme politique et religieuse, tandis que Muhammad voyait Abduh que chaque d'eux est isolé de l'autre, et que l'esprit humain a ses limites, tandis qu'Al-Afghani exalte l'esprit en implantant la confiance dans les âmes et que ce que l'esprit considère comme impossible avec ses limites sera vrai après sa libération.
En bref, Al-Afghani avait un côté révolutionnaire, tandis que Muhammad Abda était un réformateur, la pensée d'Al-Afghani se caractérise par une profonde nature philosophique et c'est vraiment un penseur brillant et brillant, tandis que Muhammad Abda se développe dans un cadre religieux et dans un environnement spécifique, Al-Afghani a une expérience de la politique internationale et des coutumes des nations, tandis que Muhammad Abda est un érudit. Dans le domaine de la religion islamique, à notre avis, il semble que la réforme ne peut être réalisée qu'en mélangeant le spirituel et le matériel. visages. Et la connaissance et la conscience, et quant à l'avenir du monde islamique, à notre avis, il est lié à la réconciliation entre l'original et le nouveau, sans exagération ni négligence....

Abstract
Cette recherche nous met face aux enjeux ainsi qu'aux défauts de la société humaine. Elle nous présente les normes qui privent l'homme d'avoir uneexistenceprospère et de vivre en paix. Elle dénude l'homme de sa créativité et de sa liberté spirituelle.
A côté de cette image, nous avons aussi celle de mariage. Nous allons préciser la manière que les deux écrivains utilisent pour faire arriver ce thème à ses lecteurs.
De plus, nous allons voir quel type de mariage apparaît dans les deux corpus: s'agit-il d'un mariage traditionnel ou bien d'un mariage consacré parfaitement à l'intérêt personnel.