Thi-Qar journal for human science

The current research aims at studying academic procrastination and its relationship to social alienation among university students, researchers have adopted the scale (Abdullah, 2012) to measure academic procrastination and the scale (Mubarak, 2007) to measure social alienation. The scale has been applied on a sample amounted to (224) respondents (males and females).Researchers have reached the following results:
1- There is academic procrastination among university students.
2- There are statistically significant differences according to the gender variable.
3- There is social alienation among university students.
4- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of alienation according to the gender variable.
5- There is a correlation between academic procrastination and social alienation among university students.

The United States used American goods, especially consumer them to promote the culture and values of capitalism, and to achieve political goals , especially in the period of the Cold War has used those goods for the Americanization of peoples to stand a barrier to the spread of the tide Communist , was not France outside this framework, it was a model worthy of study in order to stand on the mechanisms followed by the U.S. policy to achieve its goals , and maintain their interests, have taken advantage of the United States need France for economic assistance to facilitate the entry of goods the U.S. under the guise of freedom of trade and investment , and although some sectors of the French people tried to stand against these policies because they weaken industries French similar However, this objection French did not represent a trend popular and politically powerful are able to stand against the implementation of the agreements between the parties , with the exception of some rare cases, has contributed to this fact constantly U.S. policy and the success of achieving its goals, and this issue despite its vitality and importance , but he remained a few handling of researchers was this motivation to write this research with Raja that fills the gap of knowledge gaps in our library .

Although we received the interpretation of Ahmed Ben Mohammed Ben Saaed Ibn Auqdah Al-Koufi as stories written in interpretation and talks books but that never prevent us from recovered some of his works in the interpretation of great God book that’s shows in tow important items:
First: interpretation methods and tools in texts documentation, backing forms, and multi sources.
Second: general subjects of interpretation like downing reasons, religions, Quran's readings, and preferences. And the search have been encourages with Quranic and interpretational witness came from his interpretation.

The research aims to know the most prominent frameworks that have been employed and used in dealing with the crisis of the Iranian nuclear file in the sites of international Arab newspapers, represented by (the Saudi Asharq Al-Awsat site, the Egyptian Al-Ahram, and the Iraqi Al-Zaman). And revealing the actors influencing the crisis, as well as identifying and monitoring the designations that were mentioned for the Iranian nuclear file crisis in the study sample sites and their descriptions. The research also aims to know the causes of the crisis as reflected in the international Arab newspapers' websites in dealing with the crisis. The research belongs to the descriptive studies, and in order to reach the objectives that the study seeks to achieve, the researcher used the analytical survey method, and in the context of the survey method, he relied on the content analysis method . journalistic arts published by the three sites, the research sample, which was selected using a comprehensive inventory method for the period from 4/6/2021 to 3/15/2022. . The study reached a set of results, most notably: The multiplicity of frameworks used by the sites of the study sample in dealing with the crisis of the Iranian nuclear file is consistent with the assumptions of the media framework analysis theory, through which news sites present their vision of events, as the results of the analysis of the treatment of international Arab newspaper sites revealed that they did not adopt or rely on one framework, but rather used A number of different frameworks that took turns appearing during the study period. The study sample websites differed in diagnosing the causes of the crisis, as Al-Ahram website highlighted the cause of the crisis to (absence of trust between Iran and the West), while Al-Sharq Al-Awsat website believes that (Iranian steps to accelerate its nuclear program) are the most important causes of the crisis, while Al-Zaman website attributes the cause of the crisis to (withdrawal the US withdrawal from the 2015 nuclear deal and the reimposition of sanctions on Iran).

Sufi poetry gained the attention of the scholars and was a material for their researches on many topics because of its presence in the literary arena and one of the characteristics of Sufi poetry was the evoking the alienation feature in the poems of the poets and it varied between spiritual alienation and the material alienation . The Sufis soared in the sky of divine love , and the Lord Almighty bestowed upon them His divine gift , which made them seek a lofty place other than to their owns , so that they have worked hard to prove their own identity that distinguishes them from others , whether at the level of thoughts or behavior . they have presented the sacrifices for their identities , yet the rejection of the other and the cruelty of power only made them more insistent .In this research we tried to elucidate the confusion of the identity among the Sufi poets through what they presented in their poem of alienation , abandonment , loneliness and restfulness .

The allusive strategy is one of the most important techniques the author pictures using to achieve his communicative and influential goals. Consequently, the current research (the allusive strategy in the poem "What Zarqa al-Yamama Did Not Say: Practical Approach") sought to reveal the allusive positions in one of the contemporary era's blogs, specifically the poem What Zarqa al-Yamama Did Not Say. This is one of the finest poems in the Diwan of the Elegy of the First Fire. Because of the semantic alteration from the poem's title to its final line, therefore, the researcher chose this poem for an applied study. The present research is an analytical and deliberative examination of two separate investigations. The first step is to theorize the concept of deliberation and its significance, followed by a discussion of the strategy's limits and the insinuating strategy, followed by an explanation of the strategy's justifications. The second subject concerned applied research.

Iraq suffers from the exacerbation of the causes that greatly contribute to the commission of drug crimes, as the political, security, social, economic, religious and psychological reasons and the media have contributed to the exacerbation of these crimes, due to the weakness of the state’s control over managing and monitoring the aspects of life, and thus the commission of this type of crime has increased. Which necessitates the state to introduce political reforms, develop the work of the security services, preserve the Iraqi social fabric, choose a well-defined economic doctrine, and then provide job opportunities, and help the religious institution of different religions to develop its work in order to keep pace with modern problems, and provide a psychological environment for individuals, and monitor the work of Media institutions and means of technology, these steps will work to tighten the screws on the sponsors of drug crimes and then eliminate their causes.

This study is based on an investigation of the nature questioning sentence in the poetry of the second Abbasid era,According to a technical analytical approach where the researcher is based on the most important sources of Arabic literature from the books of rhetoric, Criticism and linguistic. This study came divided into three chapters preceded by a preface dealing with the definition in terms of language and terminology in concept of (Nature and Interrogation) and then what is the relationship between human and nature around him.
The first chapter came under the title of interrogating the sound nature, and it includes the animals that nature imposed on the poet which it's familiar and unfamiliar so he pronounces it and talks to it according to what the emotional state dictates.
As for the second chapter, it is under the title of interrogating the silent nature, It represented time, place, weather conditions and the resulting causes of life such as water, plants, and winds.
As for the third chapter, It is an inquiry into the structural, musical, and semantic structures.
And I ended this effort with the results of its series under the title Conclusion attached to an English language summary of this study.

The Chronicle of (Theophanes Confessor) is a great Byzantine historical source, containing many historical accounts. This source is considered one of the papyri sources, and it is now in the John Rylands Library in Manchester. This source came as a continuation of what It was done by George Synkellos, whose history began from the beginning of creation to the beginning of the era of Diocletian 248 AD.
As for the History of Antiochus Strategos, this history (manuscript in the Greek language) was published, attributed to the Byzantine historian Antiochus Strategos, who lived in the monastery of Father Saba, Professor N. N. Marr, from the University of Petersburg in 1909 AD, entitled (The Fall of Jerusalem at the Hands of the Persians in 614 AD).
The research deals with my book (Annals of Theophanes, History of Antiochus Strategos), to show the picture of the Sassanid extension in these two sources, and how the two writers dealt with this event.
The research consists of an introduction and two chapters, the first topic is the Sassanid extension to Palestine and Egypt, the Annals of Theophanes, and the second is the Sassanid extension to Palestine and Egypt in the book of the history of Antiochus Strategos, and ends with the conclusion, without a list of sources that we will only mention their complete information in the first mention in the margin.

In this research, we wanted to talk about a literary phenomenon that characterized the modern Arabic poem, which is the ambiguity in poetry, and if the scholars agree on the presence of ambiguity in poetry within the structural, lexical, or displacement (codematic) level, we do not deny its existence in these textual levels, except We add to it a new level that appears in the bibliography of the poetic text, which is manifested in the visual formation of the creative text and the importance of addressing as a localized phenomenon that reveals the ambiguity of its meanings about what the text contains, so that the characteristics of the ambiguity of poetic discourse become clear to us, so the text becomes a carnival party as Bakhtin sees it directed from a path to a reader The truth is that scholars rarely raised the phenomenon of ambiguity without accessing the syntactic, lexical, and rhetorical levels, and directed the energy of ambiguity within these levels, without employing the geography of the text. What the modern poetic text witnessed from an experimental act identified with other literary and artistic genres, and we believe that raising the problem of ambiguity at the level of text formation is at the heart of the research in poetry issues, especially the prose poem, because the modern poetic text is based mainly on poetic experimentation, and in this context the bibliography of the modern poetic text moves In a poetic language, formation, textual linens, and addressing linked to the creative text, to rise from the rubble of memory and the chaos of things in a world in crisis, to establish its very entity and specificity that stems from the specificity of its constructive formation and its intertwined connections. A special space of creativity and expression that astonishes the reader and goes with the reasonableness of things to establish its own expression amidst new connotations.

The current research aims to explore:
1. Transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University.
2. transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University according to gender variable (male - female).
3. transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University according to specialization (pure science - humanities).
The current research is limited by the heads and coordinators of the scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar State University, depending on gender variable (male - female) and specialization variable (pure science - humanities).
The final sampling is composed of 120 participants of heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, proportionately chosen according to the stratified random sampling. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher elected to measure transcendence needs by relying on Fromm's theory, consisting of 21 items, distributed over four areas: (responsibility, art appreciation, productive love, and creativity). Having completed the application, the researcher appropriately analyzed the statistically-collected date using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research sresults showed the following:
1. The heads and coordinators of the scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University are characterized by transcendence needs.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in the transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, depending on the gender variable (male-female).
3. There are no statistically significant differences in the transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, depending on specialization variable (pure science - humanities).

The use of religion as a tool of government is a smart policy used by rulers, because religion has a method of persuasion that does not accept discussion for the ruled on the basis that its source is divine. Therefore, the rulers portrayed religion and turned it into a tool of political oppression in order to subjugate the people to their authoritarian desires.
Among the factors that helped the rulers to turn religion into a tool of political oppression, is the historical events that forced the Prophet, at the end of his honorable life, to leave them the book(Quran) in which the broad lines of rulings that needed interpretation and clarification were drawn because they contain the total and the absolute, And he does not know its truth except with an explanatory statement, just as he left the Sunnah while it was in the issuance of the memorizers who dispersed in the country. However, the apostasy wars devoured a group of them, and the situation continued in this manner until it was forbidden to write, write down, and speak of hadith, and there is no doubt that the ban was not for legal motives, but rather for political motives, and as a result of that, the Muslim community suffered a great loss. One of its results was the development of laws and rulings that they attributed to the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, to justify their policy, including the killing of the apostate in order to quell the opponents and silence them under the pretext of applying Sharia during the Rashidun era, and other rulings to glorify the ruler even if he robbed money and lives in the Umayyad and Abbasid eras. And this is what the events and goals of the research tackles, which are on two topics, the first is: the impact of the historical novel and its impact on changing the structure of the Arab mind, While the second topic was dealing with : sayings about killing and distorting facts by the act of sacred novelist.

Specialized media for the child plays an important role in building the child’s personality and raising him socially, morally and religiously, and the way the child deals with his surroundings at home and school and his relationship with his friends. It is an essential factor in developing and building the child’s personality in a proper way that contributes to the formation of his inclinations, attitudes, knowledge and awareness of what is going on in his surroundings. The media contents directed in the satellite channels vary, including productive programs that include positive cultural, moral, educational and religious contents, and some of them pose a real danger to the child that is negatively reflected on his building and development. his character The study methodology, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method of the media phenomenonStudy tools, references, primary and secondary sources, observation and interview were relied upon, reliance on communication theories related to media psychology and violence in children, and the use of content analysis form for the most important programs and films that are shown in satellite channels dedicated to children and identification of categories and units of analysis for the most important media contents that focus Satellite channels negatively and positively and their impact on the building and development of personalitySamples: Spacetoon satellite channel and Cartoon Network channel The study revealed the intended results, including the existence of content and content for the programs presented, including positive, negative and moderate characteristics that form a double-edged sword that has a major role in influencing the child’s personality. The results of the study also revealed the relationship of the child’s exposure to the programs. According to the type of influence, and one of the important findings of the study is that most of the foreign animated programs and films, except for a few of them, have negative media content and content, as a result of the difference in foreign culture compared to Arab and Islamic culture, which contains scenes of violence and
symbols that violate the traditions

1- The current study aimed to identify:
2- Psychological stability of educational counselors
3- the statical Differences for the concept of psychological stability depending on the gender(male, female) .
4- As for the psychological stability criterion, the researcher prepared the criterion according to Maslow’s theory (1962) and then reviewed the literature and previous studies. According to the concept, the researcher prepared (48) items in their initial form distributed over the five fields, and then exposed to experts with specialization in the field of educational and psychological sciences (5) items were deleted.
5- The criterion became final (43) items . The persistence coefficient (0.85) and in the internal consistency method was Alpha Cronbach (0.87). For the purpose of ascertaining the research procedures and results, the researcher used statistical means by statistical bag The following results are shown:
6- Educational counselors have psychological stability.
7- There are no statical differences for the concept of psychological stability dependeng on gender (male, female)

The Zionist movement was born and its ideas crystallized with religious influences and beliefs, and it lived a confused reality and was subjected to persecution and violence from the European society. Its impact has been linked to the Middle East and a reality imposed on our Arab homeland, forcing us to deal with it, deducting a penalty from our homeland and working to weaken the rest of its countries. And the sympathy of the European countries and the United States of America and took advantage of this to achieve their goals by obtaining an official permit from the British government to establish a national home in Palestine, and knowing the rules and foundations of that policy and the ways it follows gives an idea of its future aspirations and how it can be dealt with.

The research is an attempt to demonstrate the importance of the purposes of Sharia in the process of ijtihad in general Contemporary medical calamities in particular . And how to invest the legitimate purposes in the development of science in various new medical fields . The issue of artificial insemination is one of the social problems Which appeared in jurisprudence issues in the era of scientific development With the multiplicity of means and changing methods . IVF is a modern scientific revolution, representing a modern revolution against social customs and traditions .
The fuqaha’ differed regarding the ruling on artificial insemination from a jurisprudential point of view, and they agreed on it from a maqasid point of view . Artificial insemination has an acceptable interest and benefit in the evidence of the legislation and its necessary purposes. Artificial insemination is not considered a transgression against the divine will and the divine will, nor is it a claim to create a human being ؛Because of the strength of what the jurists used as evidence ؛And because this process does not depart from the power of Allah Almighty and does not conflict with His will .

The study aims to analyze the seasonal averages of maximum temperatures during the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, and to determine their spatial variation using modern geographic techniques, as well as to establish a digital geographic database for average maximum temperatures in Thi Qar Governorate located in southern Iraq between two latitudes (331" 33" 30") °) and (37" 00' 32°) N, arc longitudes (12" 38' 45°) and (38" 10' 47°) E. The study relied on climatic cycle data (33) years divided into three periods, and in processing and analyzing it adopted the inductive method and the technical method (GIS) in analyzing climate data. Al-Khartiyya has five thermal regions that have undergone shifting, as thermal regions recede and others increase in the study area. In general, it became clear that temperatures increase (shift) in every season of the year in the direction from the south of the study area to its north.

The research aims to study the cinematic shots in the poetry of the book Al-Ihtat fi Akhbar Granada, as cinematic poetry was not limited to a specific literary era. The Arabic language presents the scenic idea, which can be considered a visual style that embodies the imagination of the poet in his poetic texts, and transforms it into a visual embodiment standing before

Spatial Analysis of Industrial Concentration and its Demographic and Economic Impacts in the Governorates of Najaf and Babylon for the Year 2018 Industrial activity appears when the population wants to establish its place, but this concentration of industries in their appropriate locations does not appear unless certain ingredients are available to them, as well as the desire of the population to choose the locations of
its industries. This study sought to show the most important factors of industrial concentration and the impact of this focus on the demographic and economic characteristics of the study area, based on the analytical descriptive approach and based on quantitative methods. The study reached a set of results, including:
1-The study area enjoys a large geographical location that helps to develop the existing industries, as well as the presence of various economic materials such as mineral and vegetable materials, both of them (plant and animal( Y. Availability of skilled manpower needed by the industry and for its
various specializations in the study area. Concentrating the industrial importance in the province of Babylon and for all sizes of industry, despite the large area enjoyed by the province of Najaf. It turned out that there is a clear influence in the study area for industrial concentration in the process of population distribution, as the province of Babylon ranked first in that, followed by the province of Najaf

The study aimed to show what Iraq witnessed during the Abbasid era from the religions of Persia, Manichaeism, heresy and Zoroastrianism, the emergence of extremism movements in religion, showing that the religions that appeared were against Islamic thought.
It is certain that these movements and their emergence sided with the ancient Persian religions and their return to the revival of those religions and the participation of Arabs and non-Arabs to respond to populism and heresy.

This research seeks to introduce a new term that has become prevalent in comparative literary studies without a clear definition or framework. We refer to it as "Critique of Comparative Criticism," which involves a critical examination of theoretical or applied comparative readings. It aims to identify the underlying concepts and address the issues of application. This approach attempts to adjust the paths that have deviated from both theoretical and applied readings, guided by specific criteria and standards embraced by the "Critique of Comparative Criticism" reading, extending into the realms of comparative criticism.
This research sheds light on the comparative efforts of a scholar from the foundational era, represented by the work of the comparative researcher Abdul Muttalib Saleh. He aimed to identify a significant phenomenon that emerged in comparative studies during that era and beyond, particularly concerning the critique of works categorized in the field of comparative literature.

On October 1, 1985, a group of Zionism aircraft carried out an air raid on the Hammam Al-Shatt area, located in the southern suburbs of Tunis, targeting the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
As for that, Tunisia called on the UN Security Council to work on taking the necessary measures to prevent aggression, and that they Yasser Arafat, the American intelligence, and the sixth week provided facilities for Zionism planes, which led to a political crisis in Tunisian-American relations, because of the United States’ pledge to Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba to protect Tunisia. .
The UN Security Council condemned the Hammam Al-Shatt massacre, with the exception of the United States of America, which abstained from voting. It appears from the result of the vote that there is an American continuation in the Zionism raid, as the United States of America was between two fires, Zionism, the strategic ally, and friendly Tunisia.

This research sheds light on an important part of the Arabic poem, which is the poetic initiation. Therefore, the poets took great care of it in the pre-Islamic era and reached the Umayyad era, and we chose al-Akhtal and al-Kuwait to represent this era because of their abundant literary production and their convergence in some respects, and their intersection in others.

The objective of the current research is to identify the relationship between adaptive flexibility and serious creativity among educational counselors. The researcher used two tools: the measure of adaptive flexibility and serious creativity. The serious creativity of the study of Muhammad (2020), where the researcher created indicators of validity and reliability for the two scales. The researcher used the spss statistical bag, and the results indicated that educational counselors enjoy a statistically significant level of adaptive flexibility and serious creativity, and there is a positive, direct and statistically significant correlation between the two variables) in favor of males

The Bashadim Valley Basin is located in Dohuk Governorate, Zakho District, in northeastern Iraq, within the unstable zone (Sulaymaniyah-Zakho Belt). The sea, the basin consists of six secondary basins. Morphometric analysis showed that they are different in terms of spatial and morphological characteristics, as the third and fifth basins first approach the circular shape, while the fourth basins and the main basin are closer to elongation, and the characteristics of the river network, which consists of five ranks, and prevails in the basin Dendritic, perpendicular and parallel drainage pattern.

Islamic jurisprudence relies on a sober scientific approach in how it deals with religious texts in order to discover and know the legal ruling and to know everything related to the actions of the taxpayers, and because jurisprudence is mostly related to people’s lives. The jurisprudence followed by Sayyid Muhammad Reza al-Sistani in his book “Industrial Procreation Methods” and showing the comprehensiveness, accuracy and generality of his jurisprudential methodology.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Mental Open-mindedness among university students
2- Open-mindedness depending on the variables
A- Gender: (male-female)
B- Specialization: (Humanitarian - Scientific)
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built the Open-mindedness scale based on Jason Baehr, 2011 in his theory of open-mindedness' The Structure of Open-mindedness' It consists of (39) paragraphs divided into four components (cognitive transcendence, transgression, epistemological separation, and governance model)
The researcher conducted a sample of (400) male and female students from all faculties at the University of Dhi Qar distributed according to gender (153) males with a rate of (38%), and (247) females with a rate of (62%), and according to specialization and the number of students In the scientific specialization, there are (268) male and female students, with a rate of (68%),As for the number of students in the human specialization (132) male and female students, with a rate of (33%), the sample (400) male and female students was selected using the simple stratified random method from the University of Dhi Qar, then the paragraphs of the scale were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory ability, and their validity coefficients, and they were verified. The researcher of apparent validity, indicators of constructive validity of scales, Calculation of the stability of the two measures by (Alpha Crow Nabach _ re-test), and for the purpose of ascertaining the research procedures and results, the researcher used the following statistical methods: the t-test for one sample - the t-test for two independent samples - Pearson's correlation coefficient - simple regression analysis of variance percentage.

The research aimed to investigate the levels of perceived intellectual security and the differences in it based on gender and academic specialization, as well as to explore future orientations and the differences in them based on gender and academic specialization. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the relationship between the level of perceived intellectual security and future orientations, and the differences in this relationship in general, as well as based on gender and academic specialization among Preparatory stage Students. The researcher developed two instruments: one to measure the level of perceived intellectual security and another to assess future orientations. The research sample consisted of 400 male and female Preparatory stage Students selected randomly from the target population. After ensuring tools validity, the collected data was analyzed using statistical methods. The results indicated that the overall level of perceived intellectual security was low and not influenced by gender but affected by academic specialization. Moreover, the research sample exhibited rational future orientations, which were not influenced by gender or academic specialization. Furthermore, a relationship was found between the level of intellectual security and future orientations, which was not affected by gender or academic specialization among the research sample of students.

This research includes the issue of childhood and the impact of visual culture on our children which is enforced on them by mysterious manner. This kind of culture enters homes without permission, and we have to filter it as parents, so we are required to closely monitor what children see at home, for the child is unable to differentiate between what he sees or between good and bad and right and wrong so obviously, For this reason, we have to stand on such issue quite long so that we know how to confront it in a clear scientific way without affecting the psyche of our children. Therefore, the researcher suggested following up the interests of children in cartoon films and conducting a personal interview with a sample of them to find out their reactions from what they watch. The researcher chose a sample of cartoon show called “Peter Pan”. This character is loved by great era of children in the world ,and he prepared questions ,the children answer and recorded in the attached CD.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate Test Design and Assessment Curriculum at Thiqar University from the perspective of Iraqi 4th Year College Students. This study highlights the perception of 4th year college students on an evaluation of English language textbook.. A sample of (150) male and female 4th year college students has been chosen in order to accomplish this purpose. To evaluate the current curriculum , the researcher used a 51-item questionnaire. To assess the questionnaire\'s reliability, the alpha formula was utilized. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Goals, content, learning and teaching methods, teaching aids, activities, and measurement and evaluation were the six main domains covered by the questionnaire. The major conclusions indicate that the present curriculum falls short of its stated goals.

While most trauma studies highlight the horrible repercussions of wars and atrocious institutions like slavery and colonialism, this study centres on female characters who endure attachment trauma, the abandonment of a secure base and the aftermath of detachment, leading to attachment anxiety. These individuals are victimized by their family members, who are supposed to give them attention and protection. Psychological anxieties have resulted from the Traumatic experiences of these characters at the hands of their close relations. The present study uses hermeneutic and interpretative research methods to analyze Toni Morrison’s novel “Sula” from the perspective of Jon G. Allen’s Attachment Trauma Theory. It also examines the influential role of John Bowlby’s psychiatric concept of a secure base in developing a child’s familiarity. This paper examines the female characters who have endured physical violations and extensive emotional and psychological trauma. The study evaluates the loss of a secure base and its destructive effects on the individual's behaviour from childhood to adulthood. The examination of these unspoken heartbreaking experiences in this novel not only expresses the social significance of Morrison’s novel but also contributes highly to addressing the problem of attachment trauma in real society, as literature mirrors life and society.

The expatriate poet Ezra Pound is unequivocally one of the most influential poets of the twentieth century. In this paper, I argue that Ezra Pound throughout his poetry developed the theme of exile on different levels. Not only throughout the nostalgic reminiscence of such epics, what we observe in poems such as The Seafarer, The Canto I, Cino and Piere Vidal Old is their insistent inclusion of a series of events confronted by his protagonists and Odysseus starting with doubts, self-reluctance, retrospective life, and touches of brooding melancholy, but ending with self-realisation, triumph over such hard circumstances and new-found settlement. This allows such poems to explore a temporal relationship between embracing, yet half-remembered, history and alienated individual consciousness in the modern world. Therefore, Pound through the selected poems attempts to broaden the "exile" usage on such levels; physical; as in The Seafarer, intellectual; as in The Canto I, political; as in Cino and emotional and psychological; as in Piere Vidal Old. Hence, Pound makes powerful poetry out of his reading and out of his own experience of 'exile', combining such different elements contributing to expanding the usage of "exile" which demonstrates his literary learning, as well the range of his fascination with human complexity.