Thi-Qar journal for human science

This paper is a critical study of a collection of stories for the Egyptian writer, critic and poet and academic Dr. Kamilia Abdulfatah. In this study, I tried to uncover the presence of the poetic, critical and feminine ego in this collection of stories. I have come to a number of conclusions. I have proved with evidence the presence of the three egos in her writing. In addition to that, and despite the presence of these three egos, this collection of stories were smooth in reading, the artistic and scientific devices used do not overload and deviate the stories from their literariness. The writer has highly succeeded in using the poetic, critical and feminine devices and she has preserved the narrative structure and privacy at the same time

This research sought to know the level of investigative analysis skills among fifth-grade students in science in Iraq, and for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive approach to it.
After defining his research community and his family, the researcher prepared a test to measure the level of grammatical analysis skills for the students of the research sample based on the final list of grammatical analysis skills that the researcher designed in advance. Forty-first) a sub-skill, which takes the researcher from his sincerity and stability, and extracts the passing forces of its paragraphs, its difficulty coefficient, and the effectiveness of its incorrect alternatives.
After applying the selection, the researcher analyzed the data obtained by using the second test for one sample; For the purpose of knowing the significance of the difference between the two averages, and then it was found that there is a difference in favor of the hypothetical average, which is an indicator of the weakness of the students of the research attic in the skills of meta-analysis.
In light of this research result, the researcher presented a set of explanations, and logical and scientific reasons for them. He also drew a set of conclusions, and recommended a number of recommendations. The researcher also suggested conducting subsequent studies as an extension of it. To enrich this field, which still needs more studies and research.

The current research aims to identify the mental flexibility of university students. Significance of the difference in mental flexibility according to the gender variable (male, female). The significance of the difference in mental flexibility according to the scientific specialization variable. The two researchers prepared a scale of mental resilience, as it determined the theoretical definition based on the definition of Spiro 1996, as the prepared scale consists of two domains and each domain consists of (10) items, and developed five alternatives for the answer: it applies to me completely, it applies to me often, it applies to me sometimes, it does not apply Ali, it does not apply to me completely), as a random sample of (400) male and female students was drawn, and this size represents the sample from the community, with (152) males and (248) females according to the gender variable, and (273) male and female students from the scientific specialization And (127) male and female students from the human specialization, then the paragraphs of the scale were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory ability and their validity coefficients. Statistical means, he took advantage of the statistical bag for social sciences (spss) the following statistical methods: the second choice for one sample, the choice of (ka) chi-square, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the t-choice for two independent samples, the binary analysis of variance, the alpha Cro-Nabach equation, the regression variance analysis, the beta coefficient Bata) pre-selection, and the results revealed: The research sample has mental flexibility and there are no differences in mental flexibility according to gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific – human).

Attribution format of transmission is considered an interconnected system of sequential oral communication, in addition to being one of the important ways to reach to the truth and its appearance. We can say certainty that the attribution of transmission is the only way to prove the authenticity of the hadith, news, stories, or ancient hadiths and the authenticity of their affiliation to their original author. The attribute of transmission is a chain of men. Women pass on the hadith or news until it reaches its narrator, or the original hadith of the one who conveyed the news, who is the one who said the news, and it comes in this form that we see at the beginning of any occurrence of the news, whether it is an honorable prophetic hadith, or another saying.

research in the novel (Voices from There) by Naeem Al Musafir is based on an important pivot, which is that the place went beyond mere containment to interaction and independence until it became a character in itself, having an effective role in humanizing its living beings, and emitting a semantic voice and an influential echo, melting into the event. Or it undulates in time so that the sounds of reality mix with illusion, belief, and myth in the trilogy (the village, the hill, the place), while presenting the idea of: magic, and the archaeology of the place

The research seeks to monitor the character in Jamil Buthaina’s poetry within the narrative structure that is formed in the poet’s poetry, and to illuminate its patterns, which are represented by the main and secondary, and the character is an animal. So that we can later identify the artistic impact that the character plays in the poet’s poetic fabric, and try to highlight it in the poetic field by examining the artistic differences between its presence in poetry and narrative, and this monitoring is done through examining the poetic work of Jamil Buthaina in his collections.

The Research has Shed Light on The Attitude of The American Minister of Foreign Affairs Jamis Bernis Towards The Greek Issue During The Period From 1945 to January 1947, Jamis Bernis Efforts in The Field of Treatment The Administrative Conditions Have Been Discussed so as to Create Political Regime to be Far Away From The Communist Influence And be in The With The Democratic Basses That Were Drawn by The American Administration to The Peoples of The World at That Time in a Way That Achieves its Special Interests, The Research Has Also Tackled Jamis Bernis Efforts in Establishing The Greek Economy Putting Into Consideration The Importance of The Sound Economy in Enhancing The Internal Stability And Avoiding The Internal Disorders in A Way The Greek Government to Achieve Reform, The Policy of Bernis Was Not Confined to The Internal Sides, But it Dealt With The Organizing The Country Relationship With its Neighbours That is Why The Problem of The Greek Boarders has Been Discussed in Addition to its Possible Solutions.

The spread of the phenomenon of drug crimes in the world and in Iraq in particular was not absurd. Rather, there are entities, organizations and countries behind it that work to sponsor and protect these crimes, aiming to achieve economic dimensions, by spreading financial and administrative corruption, striking the Iraqi labor force, and stopping investment opportunities within The state, in addition to dismantling society and making it live in a state of continuous conflict, which makes the state weak in front of regional and international power projects that work to implement its geopolitical agenda and projects in Iraq, which requires the state and specialized institutions to develop appropriate solutions for it by adopting a clear economic doctrine Landmarks, providing a safe environment for the purpose of investment, and then providing job opportunities, as well as caring for society by building bridges of cooperation with multiple societal systems.

Dystopia is one of the modern concepts that have been associated with literary genres, and the Iraqi novel has expressed it recently, especially after the events of the political change in 2003, as the novelists portrayed through their novels the reflection of the ruling regimes and society, so they embodied the images of the corrupt city in all its meanings, in a way that affects the reality in which they live. In it is the creator, and since the personality is a vision of imagination and an honest mirror of human reality and the modern conditions in which society lives; Therefore, the character in the dystopian novel bears the hue of the society in which she lives, and carries the message of the novelist who wishes to convey it to the recipient, with her ideas and political, social and cultural influences.

The current research aims to explore:
1. Transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University.
2. transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University according to gender variable (male - female).
3. transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University according to specialization (pure science - humanities).
The current research is limited by the heads and coordinators of the scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar State University, depending on gender variable (male - female) and specialization variable (pure science - humanities).
The final sampling is composed of 120 participants of heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, proportionately chosen according to the stratified random sampling. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher elected to measure transcendence needs by relying on Fromm's theory, consisting of 21 items, distributed over four areas: (responsibility, art appreciation, productive love, and creativity). Having completed the application, the researcher appropriately analyzed the statistically-collected date using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research results showed the following:
1. The heads and coordinators of the scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University are characterized by transcendence needs.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in the transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, depending on the gender variable (male-female).
3. There are no statistically significant differences in the transcendence needs among the heads and coordinators of scientific departments in the colleges of Thi-Qar University, depending on specialization variable (pure science - humanities).

Modern technologies in the science of geography represented by remote sensing technologies and geographic information systems can address a real problem، which is the pollution of the ground water and the salinization of the soil of agricultural lands، as it affects the fish lakes that are established after digging a part of the agricultural land at a depth of two to three meters and then flooding it with water in the provinces Agricultural crops (Karzia-Kasiba-Bawi) in the center of Al-Madaen district، south of Baghdad governorate، on the ground water levels after the water leaked from it into the soil، which works to raise its levels، which affects its qualitative characteristics، environmentally and economically، which leads to groundwater pollution and salinization of the soil of agricultural lands.
The problem of the research is the rise in the ground water level due to the leakage of water from fish lakes، which leads to a change in its physical and chemical properties that work on the salinization of the soil of agricultural lands by the action of capillary action، and how the change of agricultural land cover to industrial fish lakes affected soil salinization، and what are the topographical characteristics of the surface of the unit area How does it affect the variation in ground water levels and its physical and chemical properties، and then pollutes the soil? Does both surface and groundwater suffer from problems? What are the best practical ways to save groundwater and soil from changing its physical and chemical properties?
The spatial analysis approach will be adopted and the mathematical quantitative approach based on the extrapolation and analysis of geographical data will be adopted، as well as the use of the descriptive approach and the cartographic approach based on the analysis of land cover and the extent of its change through the detection of the water cover change index (NDWI) and the vegetation change index (NDVI).
The study aims to use modern technologies to reveal the effect of changing the land cover represented by fish lakes that replaced agricultural lands on groundwater pollution and soil salinization through the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil and surface and groundwater.
In order to achieve this goal، a field survey will be postponed to detect sites that suffer from groundwater pollution and soil salinization by viewing and observing the area and building a digital elevation model using the monitored ground control system using the accurate global positioning system (GPS-GR3-TOPCON) with an accuracy of (mm) to determine levels Land and water elevations to determine the topography of the area to know the effect of change in levels and identify areas exposed to pollution، as well as obtaining samples of surface water represented by the Tigris River، the Unity Water Project and some wells، the number of which was (9 samples)، in addition to obtaining (20 samples) of soil taken From the shoulder area of the Tigris River and the soils of the lakes after being abandoned and dried، and the soils of agricultural lands that suffer from salinity to reveal their physical and chemical properties.
It is expected that several results will be achieved from this study، the most important of which is drawing the underground hydrological map and modeling the chemical and physical properties of soil and water in the study area، and then determining the damage left by fish lakes on ground water pollution and then salinization of agricultural soils، in order to develop laws and strategies to protect groundwater and soil from pollution.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Preparatory school students’ attitudes towards e-learning:
2- Differences in students’ attitudes towards e-learning according to the gender variable (males - females)
3- Differences in students’ attitudes towards e-learning according to the specialization variable (scientific-literary)
The current research is limited to middle school students in Qalaat Sukkar district of both genders (male-female) and specializations (scientific-literary) for the academic year 2018-2019.
The current research was limited to a statistical analysis sample of (400) male and female students, which is the same as the final application sample. They were selected by a stratified random method in a proportional distribution method. To achieve the purposes of the current research, the researchers prepared a measure of students’ attitudes towards e-learning, which consists of (29) items. The scale was presented to a group of arbitrators to extract its apparent validity and its psychometric properties were extracted. The reliability coefficient of the scale by the Cronbach alpha method reached (0.91) and re-testing (0.87). After ensuring the validity of the scale, it was applied to the sample and after completion, the researchers used it. Appropriate statistical methods for analyzing data using the social sciences statistical package. The research results showed the following:
1- The attitudes of middle school students towards e-learning were positive.
2- There is no difference in the attitudes towards e-learning among middle school students according to gender between males and females.
3- There is no difference in the attitudes towards e-learning among middle school students according to specialization between scientific and literary.
In light of the research results, the researchers presented a number of recommendations, including:
1- Directing training and continuing education centers to develop curricula to keep pace with technical progress.
2- Holding courses and workshops in order to develop students’ knowledge about e-learning.
They proposed a number of proposals, including:
1- Studying the attitudes of students at other stages, such as university and middle school students.
2- Studying the trends of teaching staff, whether at the university or schools.

When we examined the events in the miraculous story, we discovered a set of narrative mechanisms that alter the events that take place within the techniques and forms of narration. Additionally, when we examined folktales, whose events are based on the strange and the fantastical, it became evident to us that the storyteller's literary skill lies in the ability to weave the story between reality and imagination. This leads us to the implications of amazement and surprise, which provide the piece of art's climax, origin, or resolution through the narrator's portrayal of each mechanism or method by which the event is being conveyed.
The three mechanisms—transformation, voyage, and trick—that were selected from Ahmad Ziyad Muhabbak's book Folk Tales are the subjects of this study following an overview of the event and its marvels. The main significant findings of the study are then presented, along with a list of references and sources.

The researcher dealt with a study entitled (Willpower and its relationship to behavior among university students) on a sample of (400) male and female students from Dhi Qar University and from the scientific and humanities colleges. The aim of the study is to identify:
- Willpower among students at Dhi Qar University
- behavior among students at Dhi Qar University
- The correlation between willpower and behavior
Differences in the correlation between willpower and behavior according to the variables A. sex b. Academic specialization: scientific/humanitarian
The researcher prepared a willpower scale according to Kobaza theory, divided into three dimensions: (control, challenge, commitment) and consisting of (48) items that were distributed to students at Dhi Qar University. Then the items of the scale were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory ability and validity coefficients. The researcher verified the The apparent validity and construct validity indicators of the two scales, and calculating the reliability of the willpower test using statistical methods, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the results resulted in the following:
. Students have a low level of willpower and an average level of behavior
There is a direct correlation between willpower and behavior
3.There is a statistically significant relationship to identify differences according to gender and in favor of males
4.There are differences in the relationship depending on the specialization variable and in favor of the humanitarian specialization
There is a relative contribution of willpower on behavior, as the T-value calculated for the regression analysis of variance was (35.90), which is higher than the international value of (3.84). We conclude from this:
The study showed positive results in the presence of behavior among students and their enjoyment of willpower in favor of males and in favor of the humanitarian specialization. However, there is a weakness in willpower among university students in general and the presence of a moderate level of behavior. This means that students at Dhi Qar University lack high ambition and lack of desire. In excellence and success, the reason for this can be attributed to the conditions that the country is going through, the low economic level, and the interest of young students in working more than studying, since the state’s philosophy does not encourage education and the lack of access to job opportunities after graduation. The researcher was led to hold training courses and introductory seminars on the importance of willpower. Its role, as well as behavior, suggests applying a similar study to different samples, such as middle school students and postgraduate students. The researcher proposes to link these variables with other variables such as willpower and its relationship to psychological pressures, and willpower and its relationship to parental treatment methods.

The current study deals with the adopting parentage phenomenon by the legitimists’ sayings whereby they believe that it is taboo among Islamic doctrines. However، they consider that the relation among the family members is essential part by the physical (blood) unity. That’s why the Islamic legislation ignored every relation out of real and logical relation of the family. Thus، the Islamic legislation insists that the case is a sort of big sins commitment and that facing it is a sort keeping society in the safe side. This study explains the rules of adopting parentage ، its reasons and its consequences. The study also refers to the Iraqi situation against such phenomenon.

Guizot was a French historian, orator, and statesman, a dominant figure in French politics, whose historical interpretations generally reflected his political engagement.
Through his writings, he sought to try to penetrate the essence of Christianity as it is the most appropriate solution to all natural problems, because it fills the void left by the rest of the systems or left in the human soul, because it brought God and man closer together.
Guizot saw that no philosophical system could do for man what Christianity did. Because it is important in giving a person the energy and love of goodness that he needs, because without religion and without God,s help, a person can never succeed, Or to achieve the holiness and purity that it should have, emphasizing the importance of Christianity in condemning slavery and achieving religious tolerance that the nation has lost for many years.

This research seeks to introduce a new term that has become prevalent in comparative literary studies without a clear definition or framework. We refer to it as "Critique of Comparative Criticism," which involves a critical examination of theoretical or applied comparative readings. It aims to identify the underlying concepts and address the issues of application. This approach attempts to adjust the paths that have deviated from both theoretical and applied readings, guided by specific criteria and standards embraced by the "Critique of Comparative Criticism" reading, extending into the realms of comparative criticism.
This research sheds light on the comparative efforts of a scholar from the foundational era, represented by the work of the comparative researcher Abdul Muttalib Saleh. He aimed to identify a significant phenomenon that emerged in comparative studies during that era and beyond, particularly concerning the critique of works categorized in the field of comparative literature.

The grain milling industry is one of the important industries, as it provides a basic food item for the individual that cannot be dispensed with, represented by bread, pasta, and other products. The grain milling industry emerged greatly during the nineties of the last century when flour was included in the ration card items during the period of the economic blockade on Iraq, and accordingly there is In Dhi Qar Governorate, there are 14 grain mills distributed unevenly throughout the governorate. The population density factor plays a role in the presence of this industry, and the citizen obtains flour through ration card agents, numbering 598 agents, and these in turn receive flour ready for distribution through the ration centers spread throughout Dhi Qar Governorate has twenty-eight centers, most of which are located in the Nasiriyah district due to its heavy population.

The research aims to verify the psychometric properties of the Social Use of Language Scale for children with autism spectrum disorder. To achieve this goal, a random sample of children with autism spectrum disorder was selected, consisting of (80) boys and girls from the city of Erbil, Iraq. The scale includes six dimensions, namely (method). And speech patterns - consistency of the rules of speech functions - linguistic knowledge of aspects of conversation - cognitive patterns - and the use of language, non-verbal linguistic behaviors - use of language for communication). The implications of the internal consistency indicators of the scale were calculated by calculating the correlation coefficients between the scores of each phrase of the scale and the total score. The correlation coefficients were high (0.417-0.687) and statistically significant at the level of (0.01), and the validity implications of the interpretations of the scores were calculated through confirmatory factor analysis. The saturations of the scale dimensions extended from (2.00 ) to (2.418), and the significances of the scale’s reliability indicators were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha (0.919), the Gutman coefficient (λ2 (0.922), the Gutman coefficient (λ6) (0.969), and the McDonald (0.919), and the results concluded that psychometric properties were available. The measure of the social use of language has a good degree, and validity for application to this group. In addition, indications of the stability and validity of the interpretations of the scores were calculated through confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the study indicated that the measure of the social use of language among children with autism spectrum disorder has a high degree of validity and stability and is therefore suitable for use. With a high degree of confidence.

This research is exclusively concerned with the verses of women poets that have become popular among generations. Because of their artistic value in terms of the quality of casting, and their moral value in terms of the human and moral values they contain, these verses were unique and self-sufficient. In the poem or piece, they are like the means of knots that are distinguished from among the other jewels. This is what made it a set of proverbs, and the selection of the research sample was limited to what was mentioned in the books of Al-Hamsa of their verses, such as: Hamasa Abu Tammam, Al-Buhturi, Al-Hamsa Al-Shajari, Al-Maghribi, Al-Basriyya...etc. It came in three sections. In the first, we focused on (the continuous verse as a reading of terminology) through a presentation and analysis of the most prominent sayings of ancient critics regarding the meaning of the continuous verse and its other terminology. In the second, we focused on: Multiply the continuous verse or its types (the modified verse, the ghārī, the modified verse, and the muddāḥah). , and Al-Majjil), then in the third we moved to a study: the foundations of the verse moving along two axes (words and meanings), then followed by the conclusion, which included a summary of the research results, then the footnotes of the research, its sources, and references.

This research sheds light on an important part of the Arabic poem, which is the poetic initiation. Therefore, the poets took great care of it in the pre-Islamic era and reached the Umayyad era, and we chose al-Akhtal and al-Kuwait to represent this era because of their abundant literary production and their convergence in some respects, and their intersection in others.

The research works on an approach that relies on the variables of format in forming the poetic image in the poetic text of Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab, trying to apply the semiotic level in the approach that begins in the poem of Jamila Bouhired to a formal space that takes its range from the semiotics of communication to the semiotics of semantics through the formal reference composed according to the duality of earth and sky. Then the watery and rocky worlds, arriving at the dialectic of death and life in a pattern of confusion and turmoil.

The current research aims to know:
1- Measuring the readiness optimism of male and female teachers
2- Significance of differences in predispositional optimism according to the gender variable (males-females).
3- Significance of differences in readiness optimism according to the variable of specialization (scientific - human).
4- Significance of differences in predispositional optimism according to the service variable (more than 10 years - less than 10 years).
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers prepared a measure of dispositional optimism. And that is based on the theory of (Shire & Carver, Shire & Garver, 2010), which consists of (36) items in its initial form distributed over (4) domains, with (9) items for the first domain directed behavior, and (9) items for the second domain positive expectations. And (9) paragraphs for the third domain, hope in achieving results, and (9) paragraphs for the fourth domain, perseverance. The research was conducted on a sample of (400) male and female teachers from Dhi Qar Governorate, Shatrah Education Department, distributed according to gender (207) males (52%) and (193) females (48%). The sample was selected as a teacher and School in a simple stratified random method, then the paragraphs of the scale were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory power, and their validity coefficients. To verify the research procedures and its results, the two researchers used the following statistical methods: the t-test for one sample _ the t-test for two independent samples _ Pearson's correlation coefficient _ and the test of significance for the independent correlation coefficients, and the results resulted in the following:
1. The preparedness optimism of male and female teachers is at a high level.
2. There is a statistically significant difference in predispositional optimism according to the gender variable and in favor of males.
3. There is no statistically significant difference in preparatory optimism, according to the variable of specialization.
4. That there is no statistically significant difference in the relationship of predispositional optimism according to the service variable.

Undoubtedly, the art of rhetoric is one of the important tools in poetry and literature, because it helps to express meanings and thoughts in an innovative and beautiful way. Rhetoric arts greatly affect the perception, because it makes the reader or listener enjoy the text and be affected by it emotionally and mentally. This research is about the concept of "Iltifat" in the poems of "Amina Adwan"; Iltifat is known as one of the innovative topics in language and literature. From the point of view of lexicographers, the concept of deviation is as follows: "Transition from one style to another or deviation is based on having the condition of transgression and deviation"; Usually, this method is interpreted in literature with the aim of expressing the characteristics of a work with inspiring energy based on a style different from the language style. In this research, the researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach; in the end, he reached some findings, such as: It became clear that the technique of "Iltifat" was extended to classical Arabic poetry and many classical poets used it in the Jahili, Umayyad, and Abbasid periods. And this Iltifat is often done from absence to address or vice versa from address to absence. In contemporary poetry, poets widened the circle of this technique and added to its concepts and cases or transferred it to poetry. Therefore, other blessings were added to what was in the past. Also like: transferring from the theologian to the absent, or from the absent to the theologian, or from the address to the theologian or from the theologian to the addressee, "Amina Adwan" used this method; and expanded the circle of rotations. Because he is considered a modernist poet. One of the habits of modern or post-modern poets is playing with words or forms of speech. Fan alfatat is one of the effects of playing with speech formats. Amina Adwan increased the beauty of her poetry by changing and transforming speech formulas, and the beauty of her poetry is closely related to meaning and content. As a result, he was able to increase the level of his poetry by manipulating speech formulas. This work has led to more and more improvement of the aesthetic and moral level of his poetry.

The research paper entitled : (Thematic patterns in oriental memoirs) deals with André Mikel's memoirs: The evening meal. It is a study on the patterns of Thematic discourse of the central embedded ideas.After its introduction, the study established the concept of thematic patterns; the definitions of oriental memoirs, and then specifying the perceptions about the sample represented by (evening meal) with an eye to to describe the content and determine the structures on which the memoirs are based .
As for the study approach, it has three axes:
1- . Human patterns, which include both the human and confessional patterns
2- Thematic patterns: dealing with the Uyghur style and the fatalistic style.
3- Fantasy patterns which include: the imagination / magic east style, and the arrogance style ...
The research ended with confirming the most important results of the study.

The aim of this research is to identify, demonstrate, and investigate the use of Semantic Relational Structuring in some excerpts of the speeches delivered by the Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, on the current Russian-Ukrainian war. This study adopts the model proposed by Winifred Crombie (1985) as a model of analysis to explore and explicate the forms of attitudes, views, feelings, and meanings towards certain topics and/or issues on the current war/conflict between Russia and Ukraine. These topics are investigated through certain dominant mechanisms/forms such as associative relations, logico-deductive relations, and tempero-contigual relations. The study concludes that there are certain semantic relational forms and expressions that help to structure the interpretation of such excerpts and show the relations between them in a logical connected way.

The present study concerns the Iraqi EFL postgraduate students' academic writing on the level of syntax (sentence level). On this level, specific topics, including concord and adverbs, are investigated as indicators of an accurate writing for academic purposes. So it tries to answer the following questions: 1) In which syntactic feature (concord or adverbs) do Iraqi EFL postgraduate students commit more errors in their academic writing? 2) What is the most dominant category of each syntactic feature in terms of occurrence? 3) What is the most dominant category of each syntactic feature in terms of errors? This study also aims at: identifying the frequencies of correct and incorrect uses of the specified syntactic features in Iraqi EFL postgraduate students' academic writing; investigating the most dominant category of each syntactic feature in terms of occurrence in their academic writing, and finally investigating the most dominant category of each syntactic feature in terms of errors. What this study hypothesizes is: 1) Those students commit more errors in concord than in adverbs. 2) Subject-verb concord is the most dominant category among the other categories of concord in terms of occurrence. 3) Subject-verb concord is also the most dominant category among the other categories of concord in terms of errors. 4) The connective adverb type is the most dominant among the other types of adverbs in terms of occurrence. 5) The adverb of manner is the most dominant type among the other types of adverbs in terms of errors. The data are master's theses selected from Thi Qar University, College of Education for the Human Sciences, Department of English. For analyzing the selected data, an eclectic model was adopted.

Language is used to express real or imagined social contexts, as in the dialogues of novels. According to Semi (1988, p.36), the novel is a literary work based on narration and occupies events and reactions between the characters according to their different behaviours that are expressed by their use of language. The current paper discusses the effect of Gender on transitivity of William Golding's novel "The Inheritors". It is hypothesized that : there are certain types of transitivity that are most dominant , and there are certain differences in the use of mental and existential processes according to gender. The empirical analysis enhances the prior hypotheses pointing out that females use mental transitivity more than existential transitivity while males use existential transitivity more than females.

This research argues that the modern literary techniques enormously used in the modern literary Arts, are apparently substituted among each other. Montage, the cinematic technique, has this multiple usage in variable fields, especially modern literature. This technique turns to be a literary device used in modern novel, in particular where the writer attempts to put different parts of unrelated settings of a certain text together to furnish a kind of a collage meant to shorten time and details of a certain purpose of the writer.
The research tackles the background, the use of this technique in literature and in modern novel, in particular. Then, the sample used, in here, is for Sinan Antoon entitled The Book of Collateral Damage (2019). The text consumes the catastrophic effect done by the invasion on Iraq in 2003, not only on people, but rather on objects and how do these objects feel and react towards such a damage as if they were human beings.
The research concludes that montage in modern novel helps making a kind of a harmonized abbreviation of detailed plots in a short evocative passage or paragraph to convey a definite intent or idea. It is a technique that makes the readers picture a general concept of different yet unified short scenes or events. It, effectively, forms a panoramic view like scene.

The current research aims to identify:
Assertive behavior among fourth grade preparatory school students. Assertive behavior according to gender variable (males and females). Assertive behavior according to the variable of specialization (scientific and literary).
To achieve the abjectives of the research, the researchers adopted the scale (Al- Jizani, 2019) consisting of (20) items distributed on three alternatives, and a final application was conducted on his sample of (363) by (214) males ( 149) females, from the fourth grade of preparatory school were randomly selected from the schools of the center of Thi-Qar Governorate. Then, the items of the scales were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory ability and credibility coefficients. The researcher verified the apparent honesty and indicators of the validity of the construction of the two scales, and the calculation of the stability of the scales in the manner of the alpha-Cronbach equation (internal consistency), and the method of re- testing (external consistency), and for the purpose of ensuring the research procedures and results used the following statistical means: the T-test for one sample – and the T- test for the two independent samples – and the Pearson correlation coefficient).
The results lead to the following:
That the research sample have affirmative behavior, there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) for the scale of affirmative behavior among the study sample according to gender (males – females) and in favor of females.