The Arab Gulf

Abstract:
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or what is known internationally as ISIS, is a group with a violent ideology that claimed religious authority over all Muslims and based on its radical views on the basis of previous theory that consumed its violent vision of them with the increasing areas of its spread and many factors are prepared to help them emerge more and in a new style until they depend on their existence in a way. The reverse of the weakness and strength of governments, local, regional, and global states, is an attempt to establish a state of delusion with extremist terrorist leaders.

Abstract:
The Iraqi-Saudi relations witnessed differences between the two countries during the formation of the two countries at the beginning of their establishment until the end of the Baathist regime. The research dealt with these differences from the era of Nuri al-Said until 2003, the end of Saddam Hussein's regime, and also dealt with the course of these differences, which sometimes reached the rupture between the two countries. The course of relations between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
The study also dealt with the events that took place in the region, which influenced the course of Iraqi-Saudi relations, including the events of Kuwait in 1962 and the Second Gulf War in 1991, which led to the rupture between the two countries. The last years of the Baathist regime witnessed some positive developments in the relationship with Saudi Arabia, The resumption of diplomatic relations between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:
There is no doubt that cities that are distinguished by their commercial activity must establish houses in which travelers and merchants meet, providing them with everything they need and their animals to eat, drink and rest, these houses have been called many names, the most important of which are the khans, and because the city of Kirkuk is one of the commercial cities since the antiquity included many commercial caravanserais, especially in the late Ottoman era, and these khans were among the reasons for its commercial and agricultural renaissance, as well as an architectural façade, they were not just places to sleep, but also commercial centers where commercial deals were concluded, and at nights a scene of meeting merchants coming from distant countries They are talking about the social and cultural status of their countries. The number of Kirkuk khans amounted to about 21 khans, some of which have disappeared, and the other part has remained distinct to this day characterized by an architectural facade that indicates the history of the city and its cultural heritage.

Abstract:
The caliphate constituted a unique human model, in recognition of the human rights of the motto and the application at all levels, from the caliph who is the head of state to the smallest member of that state, because Adherence to it was not obligatory since that the human does not need to protest, revolutions or coups in order to obtain his right in their era. This is because the Rightly Guided Caliphs and based on their belief and commitment to the rulings of Islam, they were giving everyone his right without claim or dispute, so the human rights in their era dressed up its most beautiful suit.

Abstract:
Following the Houthi takeover of power in Yemen in 2014, Saudi Arabia led a military coalition in March 2015 in order to restore the legitimate Yemeni government to power, and ending the Houthi control on the areas they acquired. With the beginning of the military operations against Yemen, Washington announced its intelligence and logistical support for allied forces. However, the war continued increased civilian casualties, as well as outbreaks of disease, epidemics and hunger. This pushed the Obama administration to attempting to end the crisis with peaceful solutions, and reduced its support for the coalition. But, with the arrival of the US president Donald Trump came to power in 2017, Washington has increased its support for the coalition in general and Saudi Arabia in particular, which is reflected on the deterioration of the general conditions in Yemen, and the crisis intensified, at time there was no indications to achieve a decisive victory for one of the parties to the conflict.

Abstract:
The paper dealt with the Sultanate of Oman’s position on the Egyptian-Israeli rapprochement between 1977-1979, which was represented by President Mohamed Anwar Sadat's visit to Tel Aviv in 1977 and the resulting signing of the Camp David and Egyptian-Israeli peace agreements 1978-1979, this led most of the Arab countries to boycott the Cairo government. But Oman was one of the few Arab countries that rejected the boycott decision, and that Omani position contributed to the development of relations between the governments of Cairo and Muscat and reaching advanced stages.

Abstract:
The ideas of the Wahhabi mission and its extremist beliefs based on the doctrine of "Takfier" atonement formed the source of inspiration, direct or indirect for most of the jihadist Salafi movements which were witnessed by the Islamic world in its contemporary history which was taken from the Wahhabi doctrine of Takfier and permitting the blood of those who violate it. Due to the widening danger of militant ideas and Takfier in our days that was adopted by those Salafi movements, this paper came out to review the early intellectual efforts by the scholars of Najd and Hijaz who some of them lived closely to the founder of the Wahhabi Da'wa Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab and saw the stages of his intellectual formation down to announcing his Da'wa (missionary). Those scholars had confronted him with irrefutable scientific arguments which focused on undermining the ideological foundations on which the Wahhabi Da’wa were based on. Those scholars proved that Wahabi da'wa does not have Islamic legitimacy by stating its invalidity and contravention for the noble foundations of Islamic law. Their arguments started with highlighting the incompetence of its sheikh, Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab and his lack of the academic qualifications necessary for fatwas, as well as judging the health of Islam all sons of the Islamic nation. So Wahhabism has sought with what it has material and intellectual capabilities to obliterate those great intellectual efforts for the scholars of Najd and Hijaz because their efforts, in short, revealed a lot of the defects and decadence of Wahhabi thought and its departure from the teachings of Islamic law.

Abstract:
This research attempted to discuss the problem of attributing the book known as "Al-Hawadith" to its author With the study of the history of the Jews and Christians of Baghdad in the seventh century AH / thirteenth century AD, Since this book was first published, it is erroneously attributed to the historian Ibn al-Fouti, who died in 723 AH/1323AD After the researcher tried to express his opinion on this subject, he followed the author's narratives about the Jews and Christians of Baghdad, and the study showed several results regarding their religious institutions and the position of the Abbasid and Mughal authorities as well as the general population in Baghdad towards them.

Abstract:
This study shed light on the factors behind the establishment of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its exceptional circumstances that required the Gulf governments to take urgent and deliberate steps to establish a Gulf Union, despite the fact that those governments kept their peoples away from political neutrality in an ideologically and militarily raging region. The study examined the most important determinants of the Iranian position regarding the establishment of the Gulf Cooperation Council in 1981, which aims to prevent any change in the political geography in the region. It also showed Iran's view of its loss of its regional role as a result of the establishment of the Gulf Cooperation Council after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 and the Iraq-Iran war in 1980, as well as showing of the Iranian political perspective and its justifications towards the establishment of the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Abstract:
Social life is mixed with political and economic life in Transoxiana since ancient age and Islamic ages as well.
It was extremely difficult to supinate these aspects as all of them got mixed, interacted and affected each other. Undoubtedly, the internal policy is one of the most key factors affecting the life of societies earlier and lately.
Besides, security and stability establishment had led rulers and governments to carry out social reforms, take care of public services and pay attention to people’s affluence economically and protect them from dangers. Further, if state is interested in economy development lit certainly leads, in return, to revitalize social life.

Abstract:
In this study the researcher dealt with standards of behavior for five values included in the system of Arab values prevailing in the pre-Islamic social milieu, and these values are the value of affluence, the value of chastity, the value of altruism, the value of salvation, and the value of dreams. These values, and the research was divided into five axes, each axis is concerned with showing the standards of behavior for each of these five values.

Abstract:

Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Khaled Al – Barqi considers an eminent personalities among Shia narrators in the third century AH, his birth in the city of Qom in Iran, But he is descended from the Iraqi origins of Kufa, where his grandfather emigrated from it where he settled in Barq, a suburb of Qom, in Iran.
The talk about the weakness of Ahmed al-Barqi does not mean that he is unverified person because he was narrated only unverified Islamic sayings. It has proved that just rely on the unverified ones do not mean the lack of confidence of the narrator himself, So Al-Ash'ari returned to Qom after he expelled him and apologized to him, and when Al-Barqi died, Al-Ash'ari walked barefoot in Al-Barqi’s funeral.
There was an argument about date of his death, but it is expected between 274 and 280 AH.
He has many works, most notably the book "AL Mahasen", which is one of the most important encyclopedias of jurisprudence and of the early Hadiths.
Book of "AL Mahasen" consists of multiple volumes of 100 ones, but most of them had lost but only 13 volumes from his book are available nowadays. The most common version of his book contains eleven books.

Abstract:
The saying about time in collection of poems of Derjah Hamiemyah (= intimate degree) by the contemporary Emirati poet Dhabia Khamis. It revealed about functions through private scenes about self-concerns and her awareness of the ego, the other and the universe, by mentioning it contiguous with appearances encompass his tracks. It includes experiences and secrets the female ego and its through, and reveals her wishes and sorrows, through expressions such as: "The day" and its linguistic manifestations that emerged in: dawn, morning, noon, morn, day, and night. Also, it appeared in vocabularies related to the "Time" in words as: season, winter, spring, summer, the moment, the moment, the hour, now, years, decade, and history.
The past and future times was revealed by mentioning the following vocabulary: past, future, tomorrow, and forever.

Abstract:
This research dealt with past and present migration issue in the shadows of the Qur’an. It is through this paper, the researcher set foundational rules to be of help to those who wish to expand the search. The researcher has relied on the Holy Quran, and the hadiths of the Prophet (peace upon him and his household) as well as sayings of his pure household peace upon them). In reaching the main milestones for what God Almighty wanted from emigration and immigration, with the benefit of other evidence and studies in addition to the researcher's own personal experience from past years that he has spent abroad for three decades.

Abstract:
All researchers almost collect through their study of affective poets or Romanians on the presence of an element of emotion or affection as in poems of Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh, and his successor Al-Wakyan, Ghazi Al Qasabi, Muhammad Al Khalifa, Fahd Al-Askar, Ahmed Al-Adwani and others those who took this romantic approach. This repetition of emotions were taken in most of their poems and are based on adhere to the traditions of the environment that the poet lives in it and the component breaking out of these traditions.
As well as they linked their experiences with the element of nature, its components and phenomena such as mountains, animals’ deserts, sun, planets, stars, fire and darkness.

Abstract :
The research aimed to identify the role of the educational guide in dealing with the school crises. The sample of the study was the educational guides in the primary and secondary schools in the province of Basrah (center) for the academic year (2018-2019) of (64) mentors and guides, The previous studies and literature consisted of (20) paragraphs and was presented to the experts in the competence of psychological counseling (8) experts to find the apparent honesty of the scale and then carried out the validity of the construction and honesty of the discriminatory paragraphs at the level of significance (0,05) (0.91) which is very high stability, and the results showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the sample members. The educational advisor has an effective role in primary and middle schools in dealing with school crises.

Abstract:
The present research aimed at building a suggested counseling programme by using the shaping style so as to reduce the dependency behavior at the secondary stage students. To attain that aim, the researcher useed the scale of dependent behavior. The scales psychometric features, its validity and accuracy have been tested by applying it to a sample of (300) students. The students have been chosen randomly from many secondary schools in the center of Basra. The guiding programme has been constructed according to the resulted obtaining from the dependent behavior scale. Each group item represents a problem that needs a guiding session. The items are transmitted throughout the sessions and to find out the appropriate solutions with related special activities.

Abstract:
Role-playing is one of the most important methods used by art education teachers in implementing the lesson in the classroom through educational applications. The training climate for art education teachers is motivated by performance among teachers of art education, and one of the most important skills (cognitive - dynamic - social - self). Cognitive skill depends on (active learning and brainstorming) and motor skill (movements, gestures, and signals depend by communicating and communicating information from Through symbolic performance and interactivity), and social skill teaches cooperative work with one team spirit within the classroom, and self-skill enhances teachers of artistic education through self-empowerment. The educational classes enter a mediator between art education teachers and students, because the process Usurious depends on three elements (the teacher - the curriculum - the student). One of the most important educational classes (representative games - inspirational games - automatic games - recreational and sports games - cultural games - pantomime silent representation - shadow imagination - puppet theater and (puppets). These educational varieties enter Among the teaching skills, because the skills differ from one teacher to another, and according to lesson planning through (planning - implementation - evaluation), each teacher has a special method and method in implementing the lesson plan through a role-playing strategy that is more general and comprehensive than the method

Abstract:
The duality of the sacred and the profane is one of the concepts that have accompanied mankind since the inception of creation and had an effect on the nature of his thinking and behavior, as it entered into the details of his life as well in the aesthetics of arts and literature. The dialectic between the sacred and the profane that the view point of looking at them differ from one place to another, which led to a permanent conflict between them, in which one of them seeks to occupy the center and marginalize the other. At the level of theater literature, the writer Ali Abdul Nabi Al-Zaidi sought in his play (Oh Lord) to employ this conflict between them in the dramatic construction of his theatrical text to express the depth of this problem and to show it in an aesthetic form appropriate to the work of art. The first chapter of this paper contains the methodological framework. The second chapter includes two topics First, the sacred and the profane between origin and roots. Second, the sacred and the profane in the theatrical text. The researcher reached the most important results and conclusions, including:
1. The sacred and the profane is an integrated socio-cultural system with boundaries that are preserved by taboos and prevented by prohibitions.
2. The essence of the dialectic between the sacred and the profane is the corrupting encroachment between the boundaries of each on the other.
3. The dialectic between the sacred and the profane in this theatrical text had a great contribution to the development of events through the difference and conflict that aroused between the two parties.

Abstract:
After 2003, Basra Governorate witnessed a political and economic transformation that aims to open the doors to foreign investment and allow investors to use non-Iraqi employment and work in economic activities, so the research aims to identify the reasons for relying on the foreign workforce and diagnosing the effects (economic, political, social) Health, and the risks left by increased reliance on them.

Abstract:
Cities in all countries of the world face a number of the health problems that affect their residents ,here comes the role of health institutions in facilitating and providing curative and preventive services ,these services are provided through hospitals and primary health care centers as well as they must contain comprehensive services . whether with high medical equipment and devices or with integrated human resources, the provision of health services is better and approaches the achievement of the health goals set for it.
Health service are the axis on which all the activities of the society are based .therefore ,there have been established criteria and foundations for the existence of that service in order to find weaknesses for the advancement and inclusion of all members of society ,the research comes from this aspect through assessing the efficiency of these health institutions in Faw district through the effectiveness of the existing health institution in the geographical space of the health service through the number of health institutions, the type of that institutions and the nature of the dimensions of the service through Accessibility to it, as well as knowledge of the sufficiency of human resources for the medical and health professions and the statement of deficit and health deprivation therein, the research found that the efficiency of the health service in Faw district lacks effectiveness and human resources of others sufficient ,it was found that there is a variation in the efficiency of the service at the district level ,which requires the specialists to address deficiency and health deprivation in the health services provided.

Abstract:
The research aimed to study the geographical distribution of widowed women in the Zubair district for the years (1997 and 2019), as the phenomenon of widowhood has become a major problem for the population of the judiciary, and the numerical and relative distribution of widows varied between administrative units of the judiciary, and the environmental distribution of widowed women varied for the years (1997 and 2019), and the relationship between population size and rates widowhood is a direct relationship, the greater the population, the greater the rates of widowhood women .

Abstract:
The transportation of oil derivatives by pipelines is one of the most important modes of transportation in Basra Governorate, in addition to the other modes due to its economic and technical advantages that make it distinct from other modes of transportation in the governorate in general and in Basra Governorate in particular.
The research proved that the services provided by pipelines transporting oil derivatives are very large in Basra Governorate due to the convergence of a set of geographical and economic influences in addition to the oil industrial activities. When the lengths of these pipelines that serve the transportation of oil derivatives between warehouses and pumping stations within the governorate only was 280.5 km, the total quantities transported by pipelines from oil derivatives amounted to 140275035 m3, a quantity of which was transported within the Basra province amounting to 121980518 m 3 for existing warehouses and pumping stations In it only, while a quantity was transferred outside the governorate of Basra, warehouses and pumping stations to the governorate, which amounted to 18294517 m3.

Abstract:
The present paper aims at tracing the sides of development of Gharraf and its districts. It also pinpoints the city geographical dimensions and suggests a suitable alternative for its space enlargement. The historical method is applied in the paper to achieve the above-mentioned requirements. A field study is applied too here. 140 questionnaire forms were delivered to families living at the target area of Gharraf future space enlargement. Cartographic procedures are used by applying ARC GIS v10. The researcher finds out that Gharraf is an ever evolving city which may need an extra area of 270 154 hectares to accommodate its dwellers from 2030-2040. Services needs an extra space too. The expected housing shortage in 2040 is estimated to cover 11818 housing units. Then the city will need an extra area of 135 hectares to accommodate the growing population rates there.

Abstract:

The study adopted the use of spectral indicators to infer some of the morphomelic aspects in Wasit governorate a bunch of ideas by using modern geographic technologies to build a simulation model for morphomaclimatic ground features in Wasit Governorate By using a combination of geographic information systems software, Remote sensing, as well as counting on Satellite data (Land Sat) and for the OLI (2018), in view of the complexity and diversity of land features in the governorate according to its constituent process by relying on remote sensing technology and its various means as effective and accurate tools in observing these aspects, including the river valleys, composts, canyons and streaks, sand dunes .......... etc. To achieve the goal of the study, a range of guides and indicators have been employed for inference of (morpho-climatic) terrestrial features (NDVI, VI, SAVI, MSAVI, IPVI, NDSDI,) because its outputs are a means for the help of land use planners from an understanding of quantitative and qualitative characteristics nd the resulting effects. Familiarity with these indicators is vital since it makes it easier for the investor to take a clear picture of the nature of the area for which studies are intended. This, in turn, contributes to proper planning of development projects in the region.

Abstract:
The urbanite directions is the principal tool in planning , evaluation and continuation on the development planning level. So it becomes substitute method in the world to start in civilization which take city in whole sectors like complete analysis unit in order to know the range of the progress or the fall in the type of life with all humanity , economic , construction , population and environmental contents.
The research interested in studying the urbanite and futuristic reality in Al- Majar Al-kabeer town (The center of Al- Majar Al-kabeer district) which is a part of Maysan governorate and its importance in accomplishment urbanite development which depends on the Planning criteria from the Iraqi Ministry of planning .
The search explained the size of humanity possibilities which are found in the city , which come in the second degree after Al-O'Mara city where as the number of population beside of economic , social and cultural possibilities . These possibilities helped to develop urbanite phenomenon in a fast way and appearance of random dwelling environment and rivalry in services beside the degenerate in all levels , which threaten the general urbanite system in the city .
The research included three axes : The first interested in studying the development of urbanite line to the city , the second axis was about urbanite reality to the city, while the third one addressed future of development .
The study ended up with the number of suggestions and recommendations that aimed to accomplishment of urbanite development in exhaustive way by finding planning and amide politics to the country, and preparatory to the communities and people to carryout , because the development is the social process that should be participating from the whole groups and sectors in a harmonious shape .

Abstract:
This research conducted in the context of showing the impact of climate change in the number of days of permanence the air heights, with their shallow and deep classes, over Iraq that are represented by the Siberian high, the European high and the semi-tropical high, whether in the case of deep extensions, secondary centers or shallow extensions for the two sessions (1961-1950) (2005-2016) within the pressure level (1000,850 mb) of the daytime observation ((GMT1200) for analyzing weather maps, while a comparative picture of the number of days that these heights remained over Iraq was drawn from the stations (Mosul, Baghdad, Basra). The highlands have a clear impact on the weather and climate of Iraq, as they often work on reducing temperatures, clarity and air, and a decrease in the activity of the rising air currents as a result of the fall of air currents and that the increasing in the number of days of permanence of the heights is a result of climate change, which has become clear on the increasing in the rate of desertification, dust storms and the lack of green areas due to the low rates of precipitation of all kinds and other climatic conditions upon its control over Iraq. It is noticeable in the climate cycle (1961-1950) that the number of days of permanence for secondary centers with shallow extensions increased in exchange for a decrease in the number of days of permanence of deep extensions for atmospheric heights such as the Siberian high, the European high and the subtropical high, while in the climate cycle (2005-2016) there was an increasing in the number of days of permanence for deep extensions against a decreasing in the number of days of permanence for secondary centers and shallow stretches.

Abstract:
This paper aims at determining the role that social media plays nowadays in learning English grammatical topics among Iraqi College undergraduates. Exactly forty students of the First Year in the Department of Translation, Basra University were randomly selected to be the participants of this study. To measure participants’ attitudes toward the use of social media as a tool to expedite and enhance the learning of English Grammar, the study participants are given a 10-question questionnaire to tick one out of five boxes that corresponds their attitudes toward social media. Results disclosed that majority of the participants use social media platforms to expedite and upgrade acquisition of English grammatical topics on daily basis. Besides, results stemmed from the questionnaire indicated that participants trust and believe in the power of the social media platforms in enhancing learners’ self-confidence, motivation and collaboration in learning English grammatical topics.