Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

Our research deals with referral and its purposes in a high-level text of the Arabic language, which is the Holy Qur’an. From this text we chose Surat al-Tawbah, and we limited the referential elements to three elements: pronouns, demonstrative nouns, and relative nouns. These referential elements had an important impact. In textual coherence (textual consistency), this includes the role of the pronoun and its reference in clarifying the meaning of texts, and among the purposes that demonstrative nouns have benefited are: increasing distinction and clarification, and among the purposes that have been stated by the relative are: alertness, inclusion, and association, and other purposes that have been mentioned during the research.

This research deals with the study of (The Abstaining Structures of ibn Jinni in his Book Luminous in Al-Arabic). Hearing, and the grammatical rules that scholars showed before, and the scholars' opinions and sayings in the grammatical chapters.

This research attempts to analyze an important experience in the field of the very short story of the distinguished Iraqi storyteller in this field "Jamal Nuri". The researcher based in her analysis on his newly published collection of stories entitled "Chapter Four" which includes a large group of very short stories, varying in their topics, methods, and literary and social purposes. The research seeks to analyze the poetics of this type of storytelling through three sections. The first looks at the basic characteristics and components of this type of story by analyzing selected stories from the collection. While the second tackles the topic of "paradox" which is a basic and fundamental topic in the very short story by choosing examples for analysis. The third section deals with the subject of "the narrative space of this story through a group of stories chosen for analysis as well. The paper relies on finding a picture of compatibility between the theoretical premises and analytical applications of the stories in order to achieve the basic goal of this research.

The poet Abdul Qadir Al-Hosni is almost the modern poet most connected to nature, and the most mixed with its charming manifestations and joys. Rather, nature has become humanized in his poetry. It cries, rejoices, feels, speaks, and is embodied with human physical manifestations, to perform a poetic and semantic function that the poet wanted to express, and all the tragic accumulations and torments that Its encounter with humanity. The human nature in Al-Husseini’s poetry is shaped in poetic images scattered throughout his poems to express a specific meaning. In that poetic depiction, the poet relies on a specific artistic language that expresses a unique creative imagination.

This study sought to highlight a specific and distinctive stage in the life of the writer Sayyid Qutb, and focused its attention in this regard on the issues that the poet dealt with in his collection, especially the issue of women, which was an essential axis of the most important and broad axes that the poet dealt with, portraying his feelings towards her, and his attitudes towards her, and suffering with it.
The study also monitored the gradual trend in the decline of the poet's attachment to women according to the intellectual changes he was going through, until he bid farewell to that world and turned away from it to the stage of no return, after he closed from his travel back from America.
The personality that the researcher deals with in this brief study is the personality of Sayyid Qutb in the stage that preceded the intellectual transformation and the methodological revolution in which he changed and turned into another human being completely different from the previous one, as he became an Islamic reference figure, looking at the Islamic situation, after he was critical and A poet and writer, busy with literary battles at times, and romantic writing at other times.

This research deals with (Chapters Ta’ and Tha’) from the linguistic dictionary called (Muhkam al-Ahkam and Manhal al-Ahkam) by Ahmad bin Jumah al-Bujayrimi (D: 1197 AH) through study and investigation. The research methodology required that it be divided into two parts: one for study, and the other for the verified text, followed by a conclusion. Included the most important results.

This research bears a specific title, which is: (Spatial Polarities in The Novel of Basra Orchards). This research is based on the nature of building The Novel of Basra Orchards. Historical and immediate place. These dichotomies or polarities are preceded by an introduction in which we show the importance of the place and its impact on the novel and its development. The research ends with a conclusion and a mention of the most important research sources and references.

The research aims to identify the concept of Maqamat, explain its importance and role in preserving many of the meanings of the Arabic language, and introduce the author of Maqamat, which is (Abu Muhammad al-Qasim bin Ali al-Hariri al-Basri, who died in the year 516 AH), and explain its role and scientific effects, and then mention the most important explanations that explained Maqamat. Among these explanations (the explanation of Mahmoud bin Tahir bin Al-Muzaffar Al-Sijzi, who died after the year 600 AH), then the introduction to the commentator (his name, lineage, surname, belief, and doctrine), and after all of that comes the realization of the thirty-fourth maqamat, by grading what it contains of Qur’anic readings, hadiths, poems, and proverbs. Rulings, notables, positions, and places. In his study and investigation, the researcher relied on a group of sources that varied according to the nature of the material presented by the author in his explanation of this maqama.
Among the results of the research: The explanation of (Al-Sijzi) is considered one of the important, clear and concise explanations among the many explanations of the Maqamat, and it is one of the oldest explanations of the Maqamat that have reached us, with a simplified explanation. He was not one of those who elaborated on the explanation nor was he one of those who criticized it, as he took a middle school of thought and did not elaborate on it nor summarize it. In his explanation and detail. Among the research recommendations: the necessity of directing science students in the postgraduate stage to verify manuscripts that have not yet been completed, and which are feared to be damaged and extinct with the passage of time, as this leads to the loss of valuable scientific treasures, and the competent authorities in this field must undertake the printing and publishing of the verified theses and dissertations. In order for its scientific benefit to spread to all, and so that university theses do not remain on the shelves of libraries.

This study attempts to trace the roots of the opposite dualities that create the experience of the contemporary Iraqi poet Adib Kamal al-Din from the aspect of the duality (alienation / belonging), which is one of the most prominent dialectics on which modern and contemporary Arabic poetry is based, in that it represents the real living reality that the majority of modern and contemporary poets suffer through. Their abandonment of those homelands that represented the motive for demolition and destruction for these poets after it had initially been the pillar of building for them.

The research sheds light on the study of the Alawite sect, which is one of the important social components in Syria. This study comes within the framework of identifying historical facts and their objectivity without prejudice to any component of Syrian society. This study came to answer several questions, including: Who are the Alawites? What is their origin and beliefs? Their social and economic conditions before the Egyptian presence in the Levant, their social and economic conditions under the Egyptian presence in the Levant from 1831 to 1840, and their social and economic conditions after the departure of the Egyptian forces from the Levant, that is, after 1841, in addition to their conditions before the First World War.

This is a research entitled (a study on the semantic meaning of state verbs and action verbs, in the Akkadian language) in this study we tried to stand on the meanings and , semantics of state verbs and action verbs in the Akkadian language, the important of this study lies in the fact that it combines two sciences semantics and grammar, in our study we followed the descriptive approach, and we have tried to show the most important meanings of state verbs and action verbs and we organize tables for that.

The research was divided into three axes. The first axis dealt with the Turkish position on the revolution of 17 February 2011 and subsequent developments until 2014, while the second axis touched on the internal Libyan division, the Turkish position on it, and Turkey’s role in trying to end that worsening conflict. The third axis referred to the Libyan memorandum agreement. Turkey in 2019 and the Turkish role in changing the balance of conflict in favor of the Government of National Accord.

Since the beginning of the era of the Message, Muslims paid attention to their relations with their external surroundings, and this interest graduated according to the changes that the Arab Islamic state went through. During the development stage, there was an urgent need for someone to protect Muslims from the Quraysh’s mistreatment of them. Therefore, we can look at the migration of the first companions to Abyssinia as a type of external communication aimed at providing a safe environment for oppressed people. The Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, found in Negus, King of Abyssinia, the man capable of providing that protection due to the justice, integrity, and rejection of injustice he knew about him.
Interest in foreign relations and how to manage them continued to ensure that Muslims spread the message of Islam as commanded by God Almighty and His Noble Messenger. This included the letters of the Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, to kings and sultans in which he called them to Islam. Foreign policy and how it was managed cannot be reduced to the early period of Islam, as it diversified. It expanded and took on several political, military and other directions as the conditions and circumstances of the time required. One of the results of the Islamic conquests, since its first launch at the beginning of the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate, and its expansion and continuity throughout the era of the Umayyad Caliphate, was that it opened the door to communication with many of the global powers prevailing at that time. Therefore, this research will address this administrative field at the level of the foreign policy of the Arab Islamic state and how Muslims dealt with the regions and powers surrounding them for the period extending from the era of the message to the end of the Umayyad era 132 AH / 750 AD.

The research deals with the political position of the State of Qatar towards Somalia, as Qatar has been more open to the Horn of Africa than the Arab and Gulf countries, especially Somalia, as the relationship between Qatar and Somalia is based on strategic interests.
The diplomatic tension between Qatar and its Arab and Gulf surroundings helped it strengthen its relations with the countries of the Horn of Africa, especially Somalia. As it represents the new outlet for Qatari politics after the blockade imposed on Qatar by its Gulf neighbors in 2017.
There is no doubt that Qatar’s foreign policy in Somalia has enjoyed a degree that was not achieved by its opponents from the blockading countries (Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt). Which has adopted a new form in its foreign policy, which is an alliance with its Arab and African surroundings. As for Somalia, the Qatari role takes different dimensions, as the State of Qatar has presented itself over the past two decades as a major player in it. This comes from providing political support to Somalia, in addition to development and humanitarian projects through its charitable and humanitarian institutions.

In a short period of time, the United Arab Emirates became an example in the Arab Gulf region in terms of its economic and social development. Perhaps the main credit for this is due to the nature out its leadership and its political ruler, who was able, by taking advantage of his advisers, to transfer it to a new framework for a modern state, The economic aspect plays a key role in the political development of any country, and if we take the example of the United Arab Emirates, it represents the best representation of its impact on the political aspect:
1. The advertisements are important in drawing the respondents' attention to the services announced by Zain Lalla - the respondents sometimes seek to get acquainted with the advertising contents of the Zain company.
2. The extent of satisfaction given by the respondents to the services of Zain Telecom Company was somewhat the headliner in their answers, Etisalat.
3. That a category sometimes took a greater place in the interests of the respondents who are thinking of moving to another network.

Infographics are one of the types of press images that can convey a complex message in a concise, simple manner without any complexity. The problem of the study is summarized in the following main question: What is the classification of the Iraqi crises in the Yaqeen News Agency infographic? The researcher followed the survey method; This is with the aim of knowing the contents of the Iraqi crises that were covered in the Yaqeen News Agency infographic during the years 2019 and 2020. The researcher relied on the content analysis tool; It is the most appropriate tool for knowing the contents of these crises.
The researcher reached a number of results, including Yaqeen News Agency’s interest in the crises associated with corruption in Iraq in its various forms, whether that corruption is (administrative, financial, or political), and explained through infographics that corruption was a reason for creating other crises, the most important of which are: (Social and security crises, crises related to services, and economic and political crises), and also the agency’s interest in (crises related to the reality of childhood) is very weak. Despite the necessity of addressing and discussing this topic in the press, the aforementioned agency did not address it through infographics in a comprehensive manner. Sufficient in proportion to its importance.

The research dealt with traditional and electronic information services and the possibility of providing information services through the social networking site Facebook. The aim of the research was to identify the social networking site Facebook and the information services that can be provided through it, to identify the library of the Administrative Technical College / Mosul and the information services provided therein, and to submit a proposal to provide its services from Through the social networking site Facebook, the research followed the descriptive approach in studying the research topic and the case study approach in studying the reality of the library of the Administrative Technical College / Mosul.
The research came out with a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1. The possibility of providing electronic information services through the social networking site (Facebook), such as the reference service, the ongoing briefing service, and selective broadcast of information.
2. The possibility of introducing the library, its activities, and the information services it provides through the library’s page on the social networking site Facebook.
The most important recommendations are:
1. Exploiting social networking sites and Facebook, especially its technical capabilities and direct interaction, in providing modern information services and raising the level of library performance.
2. Study the community of beneficiaries that the library serves through social networking sites and their areas of interest, find out what they need, and provide interactive services.

The nature of Spinoza's approach is noticed by a balanced presence in various aspects of his rational philosophy. His message culminated in the reformation of the mind with a grand project in the modern era. His project invoked a strong conviction in two fundamental principles, the first one that all contemplations of metaphysical philosophy and any ideas that the human mind can conceive ontologically have no ultimate purpose other than guiding humans in their lives toward a noble goal, which is happiness. the second one, there must be a fundamental change in the traditional philosophical view of ethics by rejecting the distinction between the realm of pure theoretical knowledge (metaphysics) and the realm of practical knowledge (ethics). Thus, despite the principle of nature applying to humans, the philosopher sought, through practical moral character, to achieve mastery over will, emotions, and passions. Through the realm of ethical freedom, the wise person can transition from fields of knowledge to general principles of virtue. Spinoza reaffirms that our practical lives are based on our mental lives.

This research is devoted to discussing an important rule of Islamic jurisprudence, which is: (interpretations, if they acquire the form of comments, they are necessary). This rule is the contracts and actions that accept commentary, and this rule has applications among the jurists of other schools of thought in many branches, and none of the jurists of the other schools of jurisprudence has criticized or rejected this rule.
Which makes it one of the agreed-upon jurisprudential issues, albeit silently, and that the strength and obligation of the rule came from the condition and its answer.

The current study aims to find out the effectiveness of an educational program based on the (Kegen) strategy for developing religious cognitive skills among female Islamic secondary students in the district of Tikrit. Salah al-Din Governorate, the city center, Tikrit district, the research sample (experimental and control), fifth grade / first semester / for the academic year 2022-2023. It includes religious cognitive skills with mental, personal, social and cultural dimensions. The researcher used statistical methods (T-Test) for two independent samples and the T-Test for two interrelated samples, chi-square (Ka2) for parity of academic achievement for parents of the two research groups, alpha equation - Cronbach to extract stability, Pearson's correlation coefficient for calculating test items, Spearman-Brown equation to correct correlation coefficient. The results of the current research showed that there is a statistically significant difference, the superiority of the experimental group that studied the subject of jurisprudence and its principles over the control group, which studied the same subject according to the usual method, and the existence of a post-test difference in the scale of religious cognitive skills at the level of significance (0.05) on the same group as the test scale Tribal, and the summary of the research at the end of the experiment, the researcher recommended a number of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals, and among those prominent recommendations are:
1. Preparing training programs by the specialized committees of educators and supervisors specialized in the subject of Islamic education in the Ministry of Education, Preparation and Training Division, by setting up knowledge courses and lessons for students in the preparatory stages of the Sunni Endowment Office, so that they learn how to practice life and live it properly, i.e., moderation in all matters of life. From perceptions, approaches and attitudes to a sound intellectual approach and a valid moral and behavioral stance.
2. Building the personality of the Muslim student in order for him to acquire religious knowledge skills that help him reach knowledge of the meaning of the correct life under this true religion.

The positive call of Buddha Siddhartha Gautama is that it is based on philosophical theories and a moral system. It calls for austerity and tolerance. However, some of his monk followers deviated in a different way. They committed the most horrific crimes in the modern era against Muslims in Burma, with inaction and neglect by international organizations and human rights organizations. human beings about these violations. The research aims to study the philosophy and teachings of Buddha, Buddhist sects, study the role of monks in violations against Burmese Muslims, study the position of international resolutions and humanitarian organizations towards them, and study the best means to address the problems. The study used the inductive and analytical method. The study concluded that Buddha's philosophy does not acknowledge the existence of God, and was based on moral issues and spiritual experience, and that monks have a major role in the violations against Muslims in Burma that contradict Buddha's call, and that the position of international resolutions and humanitarian organizations in this direction is weak, and that the best solutions are not reached.

The current research seeks to identify self-fragmentation and its relationship to cognitive distortion among middle school students. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher relied on the descriptive correlational approach by defining the research community represented by middle school students in the directorates of education in Baghdad. The necessary data and information, the researcher adopted the current research tools (self-fragmentation, cognitive distortion), and the appropriate psychometric characteristics of validity and stability were extracted, and after applying the research tool to the sample, the study reached the following results:
1. There is no level of self-fragmentation among fifth grade literary students.
2. There is no level of cognitive distortion among fifth grade literary students.
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between self-fragmentation and cognitive distortion among fifth grade literary students.

The objective of the current research is to identify the level of cyberbullying among university students, as well as to identify the statistically significant differences in the level of cyberbullying according to the gender variable (male, female), as well as to identify the statistically significant differences in the level of cyberbullying according to the variable of specialization (scientific, Humanitarian). The research sample included (100) male and female students from the University of Tikrit. The first stage.
To collect the raw data, the researcher used the cyber bullying scale prepared by (Al-Makaneen et al., 2018) and to analyze the raw data, the chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, the T-Test for one sample, the T-Test for two independent samples were used using the statistical bag for social sciences SPSS, and the researcher concluded that students The first stage of both sexes (males and females) and the specialists (scientific, human) have an average level of cyberbullying, in addition to the presence of statistically significant differences between males and females in the level of cyberbullying and in favor of males. I also found that there are statistically significant differences between the two specialists (scientific Humanitarian) in the level of electronic bullying and in favor of human competence, and to complete the benefit of the current research, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including educating the educational and teaching staff and parents of the importance of students learning methods that enable them to achieve their goals and enable them to solve their life problems without heading towards bullying, as well as the researcher's suggestion Building an educational program aimed at reducing cyberbullying for individuals who have high levels of cyberbullying.

The research seeks to reveal the cultural dimensions of empowering Iraqi women in education and its impact on their role in sustainable development.
Cultural dimensions are the main driver of civilizational development in society, and since women are half of society, their empowerment in education must open horizons of social awareness in a transforming society that is going through complex social and economic crises, which makes their education a qualitative leap towards developing their capabilities in sustainable development in the country in accordance with sustainable development indicators. The United Nations until 2030. The importance of the research stems from the fact that it provides an anthropological vision and highlights the cultural dimensions of women’s participation in sustainable development in the country.
Treating a topic according to the deconstruction and integration approach, as an approach that has taken up a large part in modern anthropological studies, as well as employing the inductive and analytical approach in this.

The research aims to: identify the impact of the plan strategy on the achievement of first grade intermediate students in science.
In order to verify the aim of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in the achievement of science subject between the mean scores of the first intermediate grade students of the experimental group that study according to the Plan strategy, and the average scores of the students of the control group that study according to the traditional method at the level of significance (0.05).
The (PLAN) strategy is one of the meta-knowledge strategies as it enables students to possess the appropriate tools to deal with the educational situation, and it has a prominent role in developing their mental skills. Including them in different life situations.
The experimental approach was adopted because it is the appropriate approach for the research procedures and contexts, so the researcher used the experimental design with partial control (for two groups) experimental and control; As the research community consisted of all students of the first intermediate grade (boys) present within the schools of the Dujail district of the Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din for the academic year (2022-2023), it was chosen (Arab Youth High School), as the experimental groups concluded with (26) students for each group equally after excluding Number of students due to absence and statistical procedures.
The two groups were rewarded with different variables, and after applying the achievement test with multiple answers, the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups at the level of significance (0.05) in favor of the experimental group. In light of that, the researcher reached the following:
1. The PLAN strategy had a significant impact on the achievement of first grade intermediate students in science.
2. The PLAN strategy helped in the emergence of desirable behaviors among students, including observation and attention during the lesson, and students' interest in lessons actively and effectively.
3. The PLAN strategy is an evaluation tool, as it identifies the students' weaknesses and works to address them. On the other hand, it identifies the students' strengths and how to enhance them.
The research concluded by mentioning a number of recommendations and proposals necessary to complete the requirements of the study.

Evidence of proving the Creator and the existence of the world is one of the priorities of rational and logical research among all rational people before the common people, which necessitated the minds that faced this task before Islam and in Islam to prove to humanity that the world and its apparent forms, its changing symptoms and its presentable essences, and its occurrence are only within the realm of possibilities. As for that which is unique in itself and is distinguished by its essence from anything else, it is the Creator alone, God Almighty. Therefore, the conclusion of these opinions was dependent on the first three opinions: Greek scholars and philosophers, including Plato and Aristotle. The necessary existence in Greek thought is mind and perception, so its intellects and perceives, and the subject of its intellect and its perception is the soul. It does not transcend itself to anything else.

In Arabic, vocalization, also known as tashkil and diacritization, refers to signs that represent the vowels and some other phonetic and phonemic entities, which are placed above, below, or within the letters. As stated in literature, Arabic sentences can be read and written without diacritics, but their intended syntactic and semantic structures may not be easily understood. This is because diacritics can change the form, function and meaning of sentence elements. This in turn leads to changing the type of sentence and its significance. Thus, diacritics are important as they play a great role in identifying the intended syntactic and semantic structures of Arabic sentences. However, in case of translation, the absence of vocalization or diacritization causes problems in determining the sentence form, type of pronouns used in the sentence, as well as its meaning. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the effect of vocalization or diacritics on providing the appropriate translation for Arabic sentences. In this concern, a descriptive analytic method was used to analyze the data of study. The study sample consisted of (6) Arabic sentences of different structures (diacritic and non-diacritic) distributed to (5) subjects to translate them into English. Hence, pre- and post-tests were applied to compare the effect of vocalization on the translation. In pre-test, the sentences were not vocalized; whereas in post-test, they were vocalized. The results revealed the significant role played by vocalization on determining the intended syntactic and semantic structures and then providing the appropriate translation for these structures.

The present study deals with the problem that some university students find difficulties in teaching novel, because this material needs elaboration in presenting many details and the students have no ability to elaborate in this material. Media are tools that used for teaching novels in English Foreign Language. The instructor pays great attention to convey the idea that novel has the interesting details that claims to the whole class.
Using media in teaching novel is a valuable topic and its importance is appeared through assisting the university students in elaborating of the details that they have. Any language is appeared as a means of communication and using media in teaching novel inside classroom proves the using of efficient teaching tool which leads to the students' development in comprehending the course concepts.
This study aims at:
1. Finding the students' perspectives of using Media in teaching novel at the university level and assess its statistical significance.
2. Find out the differences between male and female students in getting benefits from learning novel through using media.
This study is limited to all the third-year students in English department / College of Education / at Samarra university. This study is conducted through the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023 and the sample is (150) male and female students that are chosen randomly for achieving this study.
The population of this study is all the third-year students in English department /College of Education/at Samarra university through the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023. The study deals with a questionnaire that contains (20) items for finding the students' perspectives of using Media in teaching novel at the university level. Thirty minutes are allotted for the students' response of the questionnaire items, by using the third code: always, sometimes, never.
The validity has been achieved by using Spearman-Brown coefficient, while reliability is achieved by applying Cronbach Alpha Formula and Spearman-Brown Coefficient.