Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The research dealt with school sports in the primary stage, which is one of the branches of physical education. It is the main axis that surrounds the educational process because it is the cornerstone of the school activity, including the sports activities that constitute the personality of the individual and raise his physical and motor potential and develop his mental, psychological and social preparations as well as it represents the cornerstone in High levels sports. The research significance is to build and implement a tool to identify the reality of school sports in the primary stage in the schools of education of Diwaniyah from the point of view of the teachers of physical education. The research problem is to identify the reality of school sports in primary schools and study this problem to develop solutions and proposals that would contribute In the development of school sports and ways to improve their reality.

The research introduction highlighted the importance of the current study by trying to shed light on the role of the use of educational technology in the development of the educational process and activate the core themes of the teacher and student. The study problem emerged through the researchers' sense of the importance of introducing modern educational techniques in the educational process. The objectives of the research were to identify the preference of the method used in education, by using the technology of education in the traditional method of education. The researchers used the experimental approach as well as the field research procedures. The results were presented, analyzed and discussed, as it proved that the use of modern methods and techniques have a positive effect in the process of Learning.

The study included identifying the importance of physical measurements and physical abilities affecting badminton players under (10) years and their contribution in selecting this category to contribute to set standards to choose this category in order to reach the higher levels and attain achievements in an economic way and reduce the time and effort of the trainers and specialists of the game.
The study aimed to:
- Identify the most important physical measurements and physical abilities of badminton players under (10) years.
- Identify the percentage of the contribution of physical measurements and physical abilities in the selection of badminton players under (10) years.
The research sample was chosen from the players of the specialized center in the Middle Euphrates region (Babylon - Karbala - Qadisiyah - Wasit).
The descriptive approach was conducted by means of its survey methods and correlative relationships, as well as a description of the sample of the research, tools and devices used, with the identification of the most important indicators of physical measurements and the physical abilities to select this category. The appropriate tests and the required research procedures and the statistical processing suitable for the research were initiated through the statistical file (spss).
The results were extracted and tabulated in the tables to be addressed and discussed and the research results obtained, in light of which the researcher's conclusions and recommendations will be built.

The player achievement of accuracy in the performance of skill in volleyball depends on many variables, including the audio and biomechanical variables, and the exercise methods used ,which are appropriate to the type of skill, and the skill of service can get a point directly, and the formation of difficulty on the future team to pass the ball correctly makes it difficult to implement the offensive plans of the future team, so the trainers have to find appropriate audio training and using all appropriate training aids. The study aimed to develop weight exercises using the optical device to develop the audio response and the accuracy and speed of the service skill of the volleyball players, and to identify the effect of weight training using the optical device to develop the audio response and the accuracy and speed of the smash service skill of volleyball players. The study hypothesis is that there is a positive effect of weight exercises using the optical device in the development of the audio response and the accuracy and speed of the smash service skill of the volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental approach with the design of one set of pre and posttests, (12) players and the player was excluded to become the total number of sample (10) players. The results showed a positive development in the speed of motor response to the sound and speed of smash service skill of the research sample due to the use of special weight exercises using the optical device to develop the audio response. The researchers recommended the use of instruments and tools in exercise because they have a significant impact on the development of the accuracy and speed of the auditory motor response of the smash , stressing on the use of weight training using the optical device to develop the auditory response to other technical skills, and the need to conduct audio tests in the selection of volleyball players according to specialization, the need for the attention of trainers in audio training because of their significant role in the development of technical and basic skills in volleyball, and Conducting a similar study of the auditory motor response and all other skills.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of stretches and manual massage with the therapeutic exercises in the rehabilitation of the back thigh muscle with partial rupture among football players in Hadramout province and the improvement in the parameters of the degree of pain, the strength of the extensor muscles and the capture of the knee joint, the kinetic range of the knee joint and the degree of balance of the injured leg. The researcher used the experimental method on one group of nine patients with partial rupture of the back thigh muscle. The researcher used data collection tools, the geometer, the dynamometer, the optical symmetry meter, Test of standing on the instep to measure the constant balance .The most important results of the study that were that the effect of the use of stretches and manual massage with therapeutic exercises in the rehabilitation of the back thigh muscle with partial rupture of football players in Hadaramout province, reducing the pain resulting from injury in the muscle of the back thigh, and improvement in the range of motor and muscle strength of the muscles working on the joint, in addition to a clear improvement in the balance the sample research. The researcher recommended to implement the rehabilitation program proposed in the centers of physical therapy and physical rehabilitation centers.

The research aims to:
1 - Detect the significance of statistical differences between the pre and posttests of the experimental group in a number of physical and skill variables.
2 – Detect the significance of statistical differences between the pre and posttests of the control group in a number of physical and skill variables.
3 - Detect the significance of statistical differences between the experimental and control groups of post-test for a number of physical and skill variables.
The experimental approach was used due to its suitability for the research problem and nature .The research sample was chosen by the deliberate method consisting of (18 players), divided into two groups, one experimental and the other control and the reality of (9 players) in each group, Parity between the two groups was achieved in variables (age, height, weight, number of physical and skill variables).
The main research steps were the codification of a number of exercises and interview with some specialists to determine the best exercises suitable for the research sample, and then the development of the approach and presented to some specialists to make the necessary adjustments to it. Three exploratory experiments were conducted, the first experiment was to see the possibility of implementation Physical and technical tests and avoid difficulties. The second experiment aimed to identify the possibility of conducting the selected exercises and to ensure the times of rest between repetitions and totals, while the third experiment aimed to identify the possibility of implementing a complete training unit. The pre physical skills were carried out in one day. The training approach was then carried out for two intermediate courses with a 3: 1 movement, with eight small courses. Each small course included three training units. Accordingly, 24 training units were implemented .SPSS was used for the following treatments: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T test for associated and independent samples), and percentage.

The research aimed to:
- Explore the impact of the strategy of the aquarium in the development of the skillful performance of some basic volleyball skills of second-grade students.
- Compare the impact of the strategy of the aquarium and the study of traditional sports education in the development of the skillful performance of some of the basic skills of volleyball in the second grade students.
The researcher used the experimental approach for its suitability for the research nature. The research community included female students at the Al-Qosh secondary school for girls in the Qosh district of Nineveh Governorate registered for the academic year (2017-2018) of the ages (14-15) years, (14) students, (12) students to conduct exploratory experiments, (2) absentee students, and thus the sample of the study (40) female students, were divided into two groups of equal number . The experimental group exercised the strategy of the aquarium while the control group exercised Studied Physical Education. The duration of the experiment was four weeks with 12 educational units per group and three units per week. The researcher prepared a set of educational units for the experimental group and the control group for some basic skills in volleyball (the skill of the service facing down, the skill of reception from the bottom, Skill of scrolling from front to head forward. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the data were statistically processed using statistical means (arithmetical mean, standard deviation, multiple correlation coefficient, T test for the two associated equal numbers, T test for the two Non-equal numbers sample). SPSS was used to process data statistically. The results were reviewed after the statistical analysis of the research data as well as the discussion.

The development that took place at the high levels in the field of training, and the advanced sports achievements in the world championships recently came thanks to the scientific progress witnessed by the world in various fields, including sports. These achievements vary according to the specificity of each sports activity. Mental abilities are one of the essential components that basketball players need. They help to develop motor skills and develop planning skills. There are games that require great physical effort and others that need mental effort or the psychological fear is the cuff preponderant in achievement of victory, and is reflected in describing clearly the collective games as they need to meet the requirements of mental and physical, physical, functional, skill, planning and psychological of high sufficiency.
The researchers concluded the following:
- There were significant differences among Sirwan Club players and advanced category players of Peshmerga club, and for the benefit of Peshmerga players in concentration of attention variable, but the test of awareness of the jump distance was in favor of the Sirwan Sports club.
- There were no significant differences in physical tests which included
(The long jump and the transition speed of the sample.
- There were no significant differences in the functional indicators in the research sample.
- There were no significant differences in the skill tests in the research sample.

The research aims to identify the effect of the use of the technique of self-examination in learning the skill of service in tennis. The research community consists of students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science - Anbar University (68) students divided into two sections (A - B) .The sample of experimental research was chosen by the simple random way (lot) to be the section (A) and experimental sample and section (B) is the control one by (20) students per group. The researcher used the experimental method to solve the research problem conducting the main experiment from 9/10/2017 to 5/11/2017, for a period of approximately one month and as determined in the college program and by a unit. The results showed significant differences in both control groups that used the empirical and experimental method that used the self-examination technique. However, the superiority of the experimental group was in learning the skill of service by tennis. The researcher recommended the use of the self-examination technique in learning the skills of tennis and various sports activities.

To concentrate the handball player's upper appendage injuries and investigate potential reasons for injuries as it identifies with the handball players. A review of the handball players is portrayed as far as its capability to bring about the as often as possible noted injuries. Most injuries happen at effect when the handball players play sport. This paper presumes that more research into handball player's upper appendage injuries is required to build up an intensive comprehension of how injuries happen. Sorts of research incorporate the study of disease transmission considers, kinematic swing examination and electromyographic investigations of the upper appendage amid handball. By directing such research, precaution measures perhaps created to decrease handball related injuries.

The entry of modern devices contributes to the accurate detection of injuries of all kinds, which helps to develop appropriate solutions to those injuries. The Osteosys, which measures for the first time density and osteoporosis in specific areas of the body (the area of wrist joint - the area below back -The area of the hip joint in the pelvis - the area of the ankle joint foot) where the measurement of density and osteoporosis was based on some mineral elements of the body as a whole, which gives a general picture and not specific in a particular area. The research significance is in the precise detection of the fragile area and identifying the importance of the exercise of sports activity and its futuristic impact, as well as identifying the relationship between patients with osteoporosis in the lumbar vertebra of practices and non-practices
The research problem is a question of whether there is an effect on the level of density and osteoporosis in women with lumbar vertebrae (1-5). What is this effect? The objectives of the research were to identify the area affected by osteoporosis between practices and other practices of lumbar vertebrae (Osteosys) and identifying the differences in the research sample between the practices and non-practices by the Osteosys device as well as identifying the effect of sports activity at the level of osteoporosis in the practices of sports activity. The hypotheses had a positive effect on the exercise of physical activity at the level of osteoporosis a (1-5). There is a decrease in the level of osteoporosis in practices and there are significant differences between practices and non-practices and practices. The conclusion was that the regular exercise of physical activity sports leads to a reduction in the degree of injury in osteoporosis and the lack of regular exercise of physical activity sports increases the incidence of lumbar paragraphs.

The research aims to identify the effect of using a training approach using the added weights in the development of some special physical abilities and offensive skills of football among young players. The researcher hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and posttests and for the benefit of the post ones as well as there are statistically significant differences between pre and posttest and in favor of Intensive training approach using weighting exercises according to "the relative weight of the body parts in the development of some special physical abilities and offensive skills of football. The most important conclusions and recommendations of the researcher are:
- The approach prepared has a positive effect in the development of some special physical abilities and offensive football skills among young players.
- weighting exercises according to "the relative weight of body parts has clearly helped to develop the special physical abilities and offensive skills of football among young players.
- Depending on the training approach for weights added in the training of special physical abilities and some basic skills among football young players.

Physical education is linked to the development of the level of physical and professional performance through the analysis and interpretation of all motor phenomena that can be measured on the basis of how to build the motor program according to the muscular nervous system and control the work of muscle groups during the learning period.
The association of motor performance with the mental aspect during the learning process plays a key role in understanding and interpreting motor duty through the reception, understanding and storage of information in the form of consensual systems. The processes of information input and output are related to short and distant motor memory, so one or more mental or psychological disorders in children will make it difficult to acquire language and knowing skills in normal teaching methods. Although these children are mentally retarded and have no visual or auditory disabilities that prevent them from acquiring language and learning, these behavioral difficulties or learning are linked to deviation in the functions of the nervous system and these deviations reflect themselves through the various combinations of forms of cognitive impairment and in the formation of concepts in language and memory and concentration of attention and motor functions, which is called motor learning difficulties.

Through the presence of the researcher in the field of sports and follow-up field, he observed a problem of weakness in the level of physical abilities during the continuous performance in the competition , which leads to the early decline suffered due to fatigue to meet the player's rival .The researcher studied the problem to develop the basic physical abilities and accuracy of smash skill through designing a clasp with weights added to the body as well as the addition of weighing weights of the parts of the arms ,which will contribute well to the level required, so this work is a modest contribution to address some of the constraints of the training process and optimize the competition on standardized, scientific and objective bases .The research objective is to identify the effect of maximum physical exertion exercises using added weights to develop some physical abilities and accuracy of front smash among badminton young players, and to prepare maximum physical exertion exercises using added weights to develop some physical abilities and accuracy of smash. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the two equal groups with pre and posttest, due to its suitability for the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community consists of the players of Al-Mahaweel Sports Club in Babil Governorate. They are (14) players at the age of (17-18) years. The research sample represented all research community individuals, and this means the use of comprehensive inventory method for community individuals. Then, the random sample was divided into two groups one is experimental and the second one is control. The special exercises were carried out on the experimental group for 8 weeks and three training units per week. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS).

The aim of the research is to identify the availability of creative abilities of the students' activities and their relation to their performance. The research was based on the descriptive approach in the survey method. The research society was based on the officials of the students' activities in the faculties of the southern universities. A questionnaire was designed for the study as a means of collecting the necessary data. The sample was distributed SPSS to access valuable indicators and indicators that support the search objective.
The researcher concluded the availability of the distinctive abilities of the creative personality to a medium degree. Of the elements of good performance (professional skill, technical and managerial knowledge, general background of job requirements and related areas) are available to managers. Performance of managers is governed by controls that represent performance quality standards. Assessing job performance in universities is routinely done without any real benefit to serve the employees and the ministry together.
The researcher recommends that the management be an incubator for creativity and creators and develop a strategy based on accurate standards to detect the creators and talented. And to work on decentralization and delegation of authority and the participation of subordinates in decision-making activation of the incentive system on the basis of professional standards include excellence and creativity in performance and reward creators and review the evaluation system to include criteria for an objective evaluation.