Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

Physical education is an educational science that has received increasing attention, which is an important part of the general educational process, especially the special education, and has an advanced place in the lives of nations and peoples, as it is important in the development of physical, motor and mental abilities to improve the social, health, mental and academic aspects of Pupils, as well as to reconcile their physical, mental, moral, psychological and social forces.
The motor games teach the individual respect and commitment to rules and restraint and order and develop the leadership capabilities of the individual and make a person able to undertake responsibilities for the benefit of the group and highlight their motor and physical abilities and motivate to more ability to learn motor skills.
In this context, the significance of research in the selection of motor games targeted and included within the curriculum for the development of some physical and motor abilities and the need of students for education at the age of (12) years for such a method because this stage is the basic stage in motor construction and the widest stage to accommodate motor duty and learning motor skills, as well as the development of the moral and educational aspects and to instill the spirit of self-confidence , love and cooperation in the hearts of students and their motivation for a sound and positive lesson as well as learning the motor skills . The research aims to
1. Select motor games that develop some physical abilities in some sports among special education students.
2. Identify the impact of the curriculum of motor games in the development of some physical abilities of students of special education, primary stage, at the age of (12) years.

The student activity is one of the most important educational means that contribute to the education of the generations in all stages of education such as integrated balanced education, thought, body and mind to be a strong building block in achieving progress and renaissance of society. School is one of the important educational institutions that contribute to the preparation of the individual integrated personality and one’s community, which adheres to religion, customs and traditions, through the curriculum provided by the constructive information as well as activities that contribute to the development of talents and abilities and their refinement. Sport plays an important role in the lives of individuals, helping them to adopt a healthy lifestyle through exercising regularly. sport has been shown to help improve the health of the individual by reducing the chances of many diseases, obesity and aging, and it also gives the body flexibility and good strength. Moreover, it increases the ability of the body to perform the work daily without feeling tired and stressed. As for the psychological sense, sports makes the individual feel comfortable and not stressed mentally, and it activates memory. The research aims to identify the reasons for the unwillingness of students in preparatory school in Babylon province to participate in sports activities.

The research aims to identify the effect of mixed (immovable and movable) exercises on rehabilitating musculoskeletal muscles in terms of electrical activity and muscular energy of the disabled athletes in sitting volleyball. The researchers hypothesized that there are significant differences between the pre and posttest in terms electrical activity , and the muscular energy is in favor of the posttest .The researchers used the experimental approach for its suitability for the research nature . The research sample consisted of 6 injured people. The main experiment was conducted including rehabilitating exercises. The approach has been conducted for 8 weeks by 3 units per week .Through the results , the researchers concluded that the mixed (immovable and movable ) have a positive effect on rehabilitating musculoskeletal muscles, and the need to use the accurate tests to reveal development in rehabilitating the injured muscle such as using (EMG) device for electrical activity .

Through the work and follow-up in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Qadisiyah, the researcher observed that the results of cognitive achievement and the skillful performance of students with Epee does not achieve the appropriate results ,which match the level and aspiration desired by both the student and the teacher. The researcher attributed the reason for these results due to following certain methods other than this, on the one hand, and the adoption of these educational methods without taking into account the cognitive methods of students on the other hand. Therefore, the researcher thought of conducting a practical study to identify the effect of the methods of self-competition and collective competition and educational aids matching their cognitive methods to reach the most appropriate way to deliver the material to be understood by students. The research objective is to prepare exercises to be applied in the self-competition and collective competition among some students of the third stage - Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher hypothesized that there are statistical significant differences between pre and posttests on cognitive and skillful learning by epee in the experimental group due to exercises of self-competition and collective competition. The researcher selected research community represented by the students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Qadisiyah for the academic year (2015-2016) ,totaling (30) students divided into two sections (a-b). The sample, which represents the model that the researcher is working on it, consists of (20) students. After the sample was selected, 10 students were withdrawn by lot for the pilot experiment. The researcher used SPSS to process the data obtained. The researcher concluded that the two methods of self-competition and collective competition are effective methods of cognitive learning and the skillful learning of the skills in question. The researcher recommended that the teacher should use the cognitive methods that the students possess because they are important in achieving better results in cognitive and skill learning.

The influential and efficient teaching is getting difficult as long as the reaching problems increase by using methods of teaching which are not compatible with students’ abilities and inclination. However, when students c are full of desire and work to play with a high motivation for education as a result of using the appropriate method that affects them and enhances their efforts and drives them towards learning. Based on practice of a and the experience of field researchers in teaching, they observed that most learners find it difficult to learn basic skills and apply them during the practice of football, and this may be due to the inappropriate manner in which they are taught, while the appropriate methods are used in teaching and learning .There are appropriate methods that may be used to lead to learning ,developing and mastering motor skills among learners and concentrate on effort that makes the learner desire to attain physical and psychological needs and knowledge , and increase information so as to achieve the objectives. Therefore, the researchers hope to contribute to the educational problems of the learners by giving some educational solutions through the design of an educational curriculum using the mini-teaching strategy that seeks to teach students some basic skills in football on the one hand and the development of their psychological skills, on the other hand, in a manner consistent with the investment of the learners' motivations of feedback and the economy of time and effort in one time . The aim of the research is to:
1. Prepare a teaching curriculum using the strategy of mini-teaching to develop psychological skills and learning some basic skills among students in football.
2. Identify the impact of the curriculum using the strategy of mini-teaching to develop psychological skills and learning some basic skills among students in football.
. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups. The research community consisted of students of the fourth stage of the morning study for the academic year (2017-2018) by 125 students. 32 students were randomly selected from the research community. The research sample was divided into two equal groups (control, experimental) by 16 students per group. The researchers used the following statistical means (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and T test of independent and interrelated samples).
The researcher concluded the following:
1. The strategy of mini - teaching strategy and the method adopted have an effect on developing psychological skills and learning some basic skills among students in football .
The strategy of mini- teaching strategy has the superiority on developing psychological skills and learning some basic skills among students in football

The research included the use of two methods of healing, which is one of the modern means of recovery, which is healing with minerals and relaxation exercises in the method of massage and training exercises lengthening. As it is wrong to rely on training only away from hospitalization and to consider the sport of shooting one of sports that are characterized by physical physiological and energy systems requirements, as well as private training so it was necessary to use means of recovery and other means that help the athlete to get rid of the effects of fatigue and keep away from the risk of injury and Resulting from excessive training load during or after the training unit.
: The research aims to
Prepare two clinical methods using minerals and relaxation exercises 1.
2. Identify the effect of the two methods in the respiratory indicators and reduce
fatigue in the research sample.
3. Identify the effect of the two clinical methods in the development of the achievement in the shooting air pistol shooting in the research sample.
The researchers used the experimental approach with the design of the two sets of pre and posttests. The sample of the research was the national team's gymnasiums with an air pistol whose number was 12, divided into two groups, each group (6) female shooters. Then the researcher applied the hospitalization method using minerals and the second experimental group represented by using as relaxation exercises.

The research objective is to identify the preferred leading method of behavior among trainers of sports at the University of Soran and the difference between these methods of leadership.
To verify this, the researcher hypothesized that there are no significant differences in the methods of sports leadership among sports coaches at the University of Soran.
The research sample consisted of (21) trainers of male athletes only , holders of bachelor's degree ,exclusively employees in the University Sports Unit at the University of Soran and responsible for training the sports teams in the faculties of the University of Soran.
The researcher used the list of the preferred behavior of the sports coach from the point of view of the coach, consisting of (38) items as a research tool. After confirming the validity of the research tool and its stability under the statistical processing of data using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, one-way variance analysis test, LSD).
The researchers concluded the following:
1. The emergence of the training leadership method as the best method of leadership among the trainers of the games at the University of Soran
- 2.Failure and low autocratic method of being the least sports leadership methods used by some sports coaches at the University of Soran.

The research aims at identifying:
1. Psychological stress of Psychological Stress among Displaced Students at college of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Mosul University in Dohuk province.
.Differences in the dimensions of psychological stress in the research sample2
.Differences in psychological stress in the sample of the study according to gender variable.
The research required the use of the following tool:
The psychological stress gauge prepared by Al-Zawawi (1992), which was based on the description of ( beech) for symptoms associated with stress, on Which the researcher conducted scientific processes associated with the tools used ,represented by calculating validity and reliability in accordance with the necessary scientific foundations in this research .In addition , The researcher used the statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, analysis of mono-variance, test, Spearman Brown equation, equation L. S. D; (T) for one sample and two samples, and the least significant difference test ( hypothetical average) .

The research objective was to identify some of the biochemical variables of the Ashtokli movement , a comparative kinetic analysis between the best players of Al-Fatwa Club and Erbil Sports Club of Ashtokli movement on the knobs device among young people ctegory .Through the researcher observation of players of Nineveh province in gymnastics and specifically on the knobs device through their training on this device for t Ashtoklie movement , which consists of large swings and Alwend swing as well as the pre-view on the young players of Gymnastic in province of Erbil, as well as see the users of the aids to master and learn this movement , the researcher observed that there is a difference between the devices used in the club of Erbil for the Al-farwa club , so the researcher decided this study through deliberately selecting the sample , which consisted of the best four young players in the province of Nineveh and Erbil.
Equivlaence was conducted according to mass , biological time , and traing time .The researcher used the descriptive method due to its suitability for the nature of the research in a comparative manner. The data was collected by scientific observation through the use of video imaging. The main experiment was conducted in Nineveh and Erbil. The appropriate statistical methods and the methodology of the independent sample were used. Presentation and discussion of the results according to the calculated statistical parameters were conducted .
After analyzing and discussing the results ,the researcher concluded the emergence of significant differences for the benefit of the players of the Al-Fatawa club in the height of the shoulder joint from the backing base and after the hip of from backing base in case of setting on the right or left arm. The emergence of differences in the arithmetic means and for Al-Fatawa players at the angle of the shoulder and tilt angle of the shoulder strap and hip angle in case of leaning on the right or left arm . The performance of Al-Fatwa club players is better in performance than the players of Erbil Club because of the aid equipment used in the development of the technical performance among Al-Fatwa club players , which is represented by predicat mushroom device manufactured according to international standards

The research aimed to construct a skilled - compounded test in handball among second-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science for the academic year 2017-2018.
- The research community represented the students of the second year of the college of physical education and sports sciences, the University of Mosul, (82) students and for the academic year (2017), and the test was carried out on a sample of this community . The sample consisted of (75) Questionnaire, testing and content analysis as a tool for data collection. The researcher used statistical methods (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variance, torsion coefficient, independent test-t)
The researcher concluded:
1. Accessing to constructing a skilled - compounded test in handball among second-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science
.The raw grade scale and the standard grades for the test were established2
The researcher recommended to:
1. Use the test that was reached to help teachers assess the level of students in these skills and objective assessment and away from self-assessment.
. Use tables for grades and standard levels for the purpose of evaluation.2
Add other tests of skills, which are not covered in the research.

1. Identify the reality of supervision by the members of the faculty in terms of guidance, which focuses on them in the supervision of students of the Faculty and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Mosul University.
2. Identify the practices performed by the supervisor before the classroom visits, and during, and after.
3. Identify how to evaluate supervisors for their students in terms of the basis on which this calendar is constructed.
4. Identify the extent to which the supervisors benefited from the calendar card prepared in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
5. Identify the goals that the supervisors see the need to focus on them to achieve the goals of physical education.
To achieve the objective of the research, the researcher used the questionnaire of the reality of supervising the students of physical education prepared by (Mustafa and Abu Saleh, 2006) and verified the validity and stability, and in the treatment of data, the percentage, alpha parameter, square Kai and relative weight was used. statistical program SPSS for data analysis was used .

Physical education and its various levels and purposes are part of the requirements and needs of human beings and have a significant role on refining ones personality and shaping lifestyle, as it instills personal traits and virtues. Among the things that contributed to the development of the teaching process in physical education is the test and measurement, which contributed effectively in raising the level of physical education lesson in all aspects, and without testing and experimentation the extent of the development of the process of teaching or training cannot be predicted . "Measurement and research is the cornerstone for human development, which spur our steps towards progress in all fields. In order to continue our efforts in this field, we must start using modern research methods that are compatible with the requirements of the rapid developments, which is currently taking place in the world. The selection of good and appropriate measurements to measure each objective, condition, status or other matters, taking into account the requirements of good tests and measurements .The research problem was reflected through the difficulties faced by female students in the field of handball games at Karbala University, including difficulties in practical application of the material, difficulties in the subject matter, difficulties in possibilities, and other difficulties. This was confirmed by many of the teachers through the questionnaire and interviews conducted by the researcher.

The research object was to prepare the specific exercises for some of the basic skills of basketball among the Handicapped players (the youth category ,) ,and to identify the effect of the special exercises on the development of the technical performance of some basic skills basketball among the Handicapped players . The researcher conducted the pre- test on the research sample in the complex technical tests, applied the exercises of the compound offensive technique, and then conducted the post-test on the same tests. The researcher concluded that the compound offensive exercises worked to develop the accuracy and speed of performance of the basic skills of basketball better than the training curriculum prepared by the researcher

The researchers observed most of the football lessons as they are teachers of football. The psychological variables have a direct impact on the student's situation and the extent of adaptation to the practical lesson, and they observed that the negative communication among students leads to increased psychological pressure, and the formation of negative attitudes of students towards each other, and loss of social cohesion. Many students expressed that the negative social cohesion among students is one of the important sources of increasing psychological pressure, and then the occurrence of combustion, which leads the loss of the student`s desire to play games or a sudden decline of their level or less self-confidence, and this of course will affect their personal level, and the level of performance in general, which causes real problems facing the teacher.
The research aims to identify the social cohesion of the motor and the psychological combustion of students in football as well as identifying the relationship between social cohesion and mobility of psychological football among students, and relying on the descriptive approach of the methods of survey and interrelationship. The research community was selected from students of the fourth stage of the academic year (2017 - 2018) and it was a random sample of (20) students out of (56) students representing the research community and their proportion (35%) of the community of origin

Management of crises is considered to be difficult. When unexpected event happens, we ask how to face situation of events, which we haven’t planned for. We can say that it can be run in a good test except in the situation of crises. In the middle of sixties, the administrative ideology is directed to the clarification of the concept of crises, its characteristics, types, its reasons, the associated feelings, trails arranged on it, and how to run it in an attempt to reach theories and ideas, which might contribute to treat the situation, which imposes conditions and changes of life today. The research problem is to identify the appropriate methods to take decisions in managing the sports crisis. The most important research objective was to identify the methods of taking a decision in managing the sport crisis from the point of view of administrative heads of Iraqi clubs in middle Euphrates region. The researchers used the descriptive approach of the methods of survey. The research community consisted of heads of administrative sports clubs in middle Euphrates, totaling (58) administrative heads. The researchers concluded the heads of administrative bodies use experience largely and they use five methods for arrangements : ( method of experience , opinions and suggestions , crowd and committees, experiment and error , traditional policy ). The researcher recommended investigating all concerned with managing crises, including method of taking the appropriate decisions for suitability of sports crisis as well as paying mutual visits among new and old heads of sports bodies to identify the different method followed in managing the sports crises