Journal of University of Babylon

This research aims to apply lean principles to the Emergency Department (ED) at Sheikh Zayed ‎Hospital. Lean techniques are used in order to eliminate waste, waits and increased patient satisfaction. ‎Lean defines the wastes but not identify which waste should be eliminated for this reason Arena 14.00 ‎Rockwell simulation software used to analyze the ED performance. Patient's flow chart was created to ‎study the total duration of patients stay in the ED, the waiting time and the utilization of resources based ‎on the lean principles approach. The results identified and concluded from simulation model were as the ‎follows, the patient flow time was (65) minute for each patient (total time that patient spent from the ‎beginning of his entry into the ED until he discharged), while patient throughput in morning shift about ‎‎(241) patient (the number of patients attending the department during morning hours). On the other hand, ‎the utilization ratio of doctors, nurses, receptionists were (83 %, 13 %, and 95 %) respectively. This is ‎demonstrating the applicability and effectiveness of lean principles to ED processes using the simulation ‎model as a pre-implementation tool for improvements in health care sectors. ‎

The concept of transformation has been invested in architecture using bio-simulation as a means to ‎produce architecture that responds to different influences. In a similar way, the building transforms the ‎behavior of living organisms in its adaptation to environmental influences during the construction of its ‎structure. The need to clarify the concept and approach to the transition towards self-construction ‎architecture, which expresses the goal of research in building a theoretical framework to study the research ‎problem and extracted from the various design and implementation methods in architectural projects and ‎to reach a number of key and secondary vocabulary and applied to selected projects and conduct ‎measurement. Using mechanics of growth and manufacturing using advanced digital materials is the ‎future orientation of
architecture to be self-construct.‎

Water turbidity is considered as an important physical parameter of water quality. It is a good ‎indicator for assessing the required treatment for the drinking water. In the present study, a standard jar ‎tests were conducted to obtain the most suitable parameters for the design of coagulation-flocculation ‎process. Results proved that the best rapid mixing time (t1), slow mixing time (t2), and settling time (t3) are 1, ‎‎50 and 60 min respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of turbidity were 99.31, 98.56 and ‎‎94.72% at t1, t2 and t3 equal to 5, 50 and 60 min respectively, with pH values ranged from 3.7 to 8.9. The ‎measured values of water turbidity removal perecentage were represented using an artificial neural ‎network (ANN) technique and the results signified that there is a remarkable agreement between ‎experimental and predicted values with coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error ‎‎(RMSE) equal to 0.932 and 0.5501 respectively. ‎

Four wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is an undesirable effect to an optical transmission system ‎that can cause a severe limitation in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and reduces the system ‎performance. Within this paper, the normal intensity of RZ robustness modulation and the Modified-‎Duobinary-Return–Zero modulation (MDRZ) on FWM was investigated. In addition, the performance of ‎the system under the fiber length variation effect was evaluated under the impact of (80) Gbps data rate ‎for both types of modulation format. The results showed that the RZ modulation introduces a minimum ‎‎(FWM) power of (-54) dBm at (70) kms fiber length, while MDRZ offers FWM power of (-44) dBm at the ‎exactly same fiber length, In-term of the performance of the system at channel 4, a minimum BER was ‎noticed in normal RZ modulation which equals to 2.27´10 - 43 at (-35.31) dBm received power. ‎However, the BER was 4.98´10-15 at the same received power and channel, in the existence of MDRZ ‎modulation format. The finding reveals the progress of RZ modulation in reducing the FWM crosstalk and ‎enhances the WDM system performance even with the impact of high data rates. ‎

The aim of this study was to study the performance of the system of solid desiccant ‎dehumidification to decrease the latent load on cooling coil for the system of air-conditioning and advance ‎the thermal comfort, thus reduce the energy consumption. Rotary desiccant wheel contains a silica gel as a ‎solid moisture absorbent material has been utilized in this study. The wheel was a diameter of 55 cm and a ‎thickness of 20 cm. The wheel cross sectional area is divided into two parts in aspect ratio. The large part ‎represent dehumidification or absorption process, in this section moisture is removed from the humid air by ‎the silica gel. While the other part represent desorption or regeneration process in this section moisture was ‎absorbed from the humid air by the gel of silica in the first process will be removed from it. The ‎experimental results demonstrates that the utilizing of the desiccant wheel will reduce significantly the ‎thermal load on the cooling coil by reducing the latent load of the passing of humid air respectively via the ‎wheel and the cooling coil.‎

Flexible Matrix Composite (F2MC) tubes are emerging technologies, which can provide ‎lightweight, compact vibration control when attached to a vibrating structure. This work presents a new ‎model for solving a problem of vibrations in cantilever beams with attaching F2MC tubes as patches ‎that provide passive vibration control. Mathematical model of the compound system of patches of ‎F2MC tubes integrated on the beam was derived. The governing equations depend on Euler-Bernoulli ‎beam theory and Lekhnitskii’s theory of elasticity. This study examined new model’s performance for ‎damping with variation in tube size; bonding position of the patches on the beam in two different ‎cases: on the beam through changing the distance between two them; one patch above and the other ‎under the beam. Analytical results demonstrate that the proper tuning the size of tubes as a function of ‎inner layer radius; and integration points are basic parameters for passive vibration control. They ‎achieve reductions in response amplitude at the first vertical bending mode effectively. ‎

Train stations are an important part of modern urban history. Large stations have helped to form ‎the public image of the city in which they are located. Train stations are important distribution areas and ‎exchanges where different types of transport are connected. It is a meeting place for people, commercial, ‎recreational and cultural centers, due to the neglect and deterioration of local stations, especially with ‎regard to the functional aspects in terms of providing the necessary amenities, movement and waiting, and ‎weak in achieving the aspects of sustainability in the design of these stations, which leads to the atrophy of ‎their effectiveness. The importance of research to work on the development of these stations and ‎revitalization to contribute to the performance of its effectiveness in an integrated manner and to meet the ‎needs of different travelers and encourage them to use public transport, Therefore, many studies have ‎been discussed that dealt with the functional aspects of the design of train stations implicitly or majorly, ‎Therefore, many studies have been discussed that dealt with the functional aspects of the design of train ‎stations implicitly or majorly, but these studies were characterized by plurality and inclusiveness in the ‎introduction of design treatments. Thus, the research problem of "the need to find a comprehensive ‎theoretical concept of functional integration requirements in the design of local train stations" The aim of ‎the research is to "develop a comprehensive theoretical conception of the requirements of functional ‎integration in the design of local train stations."‎

In this work, Ricinus Communis leaves used as adsorbent to eliminate dissolved oil in oil-water ‎emulsion, the adsorbent was used in activated state, the influence of different parameters like initial oil ‎concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were examined in this study. The particle size used ‎was (300 - 150 micron), at (pH < 2), 200 rpm. and adsorbent concentration of 400 mg/L, The oil ‎uptake increased from 78 % to 88% for oil concentration of 2000 mg/L by using natural and activated ‎respectively, the study was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and BET tests. FTIR test. Activated ‎adsorbent proved good capability of adsorption aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Isotherm study ‎had used to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were fitted ‎very well to describe the adsorption resulting by activated adsorbent, this study also characterized by ‎kinetic models, Pseudo second order was the best fitted model for adsorption by adsorbent. ‎

The study dealt with the study of the holy shrines in Al-Najaf and Karbala from a geometrical ‎viewpoint, where the development of these thresholds has been studied historically, as well as the most ‎important structural and architectural features of these thresholds and the work of the current expansions ‎to cope with the increase in the volume of worshipers and visitors. The construction works were ‎characterized by high quality and efficiency in terms of style Construction and selection of structural ‎materials as well as the sustainability of construction. The volume of expenses disbursed to these works is ‎not small and it comes in total donations from individuals or institutions from inside and outside Iraq.‎
Through this study it becomes clear that the role of worship in the holy shrines grows and evolves ‎over time to keep pace with the urban development and the increase in the size of the worshipers and ‎visitors, and not to maintain their identity, size and traditional forms With some of the main features of the ‎dome and the minaret remain unchanged.‎

A Numerical analysis for the effect of different Nano particles concentrations on the diesel engine ‎characteristics fired with biodiesel blended fuel is investigated in the work. The simulation software Diesel-‎rk has been used in this work. The biodiesel under focus is castor methyl ester (CME) which is derived from ‎castor oil via transesterification process. The impact of Nano particles is studied by using three doses of ‎Al2O3 (25, 50, 100 ppm) mixed with B20% CME which is confirmed from previous studies as the best ‎compromise ratio. Generally it's found that with use of Nano particles along with biodiesel fuel, the cylinder ‎pressure, delay period, combustion temperature decreases. Noticeable enhancements in the brake thermal ‎efficiency and fuel consumption have been recorded. The results reported dramatic reductions in smoke ‎values, NOx emissions as well as Particulate matter (PM), hence this way can fight trade-off relation (PM-‎NOx). The findings showed, best concentration of Nano particles was 25 ppm as no dramatic effect was ‎observed beyond this dose. The validity of the numerical results is checked out with other experimental ‎results at the same condition of operation.‎

Culture is one of the influences on the products of architecture. It is common to say that ‎architecture is a mirror of culture, Language, gestures and intellectual products are influenced by ‎culture, The customs, traditions of a given society play an important role in some products ‎architecture, These hidden aspects of physical products are subject to the traditions and customs of ‎the society in which they exist, An example of these products was the "Architextile", which constituted ‎an important aspect of the human civilization's first production and since its creation to the human ‎societies, as the human intertwined between the traditions and customs of the societies to which he ‎belong and the product of his creations and is evident in architecture, The research discusses the ‎subject of imitation strategies of traditions and customs", which has emerged in the distinctive ‎architectural products of man and throughout the ages, Where many studies have touched on this ‎output, but from many aspects, and did not shed light on the strategy of imitating the customs and ‎traditions of the communities in which the production is located, Hence, the research problem emerged ‎‎"the lack of comprehensiveness of previous studies of the role of the strategy of imitating traditions ‎and customs in achieving the aesthetic, functional and performance dimensions of contemporary ‎architextile, From the emergence of the research problem, the objective of the research was ‎determined. Based on the previous studies (literary, historical and architectural), "a comprehensive ‎theoretical framework was developed that illustrates the strategy of imitating traditions and customs ‎and their role in achieving the aesthetic, functional and performance dimensions of contemporary ‎architextile," The development of the main and secondary vocabulary, Then subtract and analyze the ‎final findings and conclusions.‎

The significant increase in car ownership has been recognized as one of the main reasons for ‎traffic congestion worldwide, especially in city centers. Park-and-ride (P&R) facilities, which are car ‎parks where users can adjust to public transportation to carry on their journeys, have long been used ‎as an effective solution to mitigate congestion issues without affecting traffic demand. However, ‎literature on the optimal localization of these facilities using geospatial approaches are still emerging. ‎Feasible locations of P&R facilities are of crucial importance not only for users but also to local ‎authorities and the environment. The aim of this paper is to explore the significance of several factors ‎affecting optimal locations of P&R using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to propose a multi-‎criteria geospatial approach to locate optimal park and ride facilities in Karbala, Iraq. Three key ‎aspects are tested in the localization process, including users’ coverage, accessibility to major roads, ‎and area availability using Geospatial Tool. The case study on the holy city of Karbala in Iraq was ‎implemented and the results show that the optimization model is proved to be powerful in providing ‎more optimal locations of P&R facilities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical ‎implications, research limitations and future research directions.‎

The technique of adsorption is one of the most important processes which are widely used in ‎the treatment of water and wastewater. The technique of adsorption which is a very effective and ‎efficient method in the treatment of pollutants. One of the disadvantages of the process of adsorption ‎using activated carbon is expensive, and this has made researchers think of finding cheap alternatives ‎to reduce the cost this process. In the present study, activated carbon was prepared from the cactus ‎plant for the purpose of its use to remove Ni+2 ions. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the ability ‎of Cactuses plant in the removing of Ni+2 ions from wastewater. The results showed that activated ‎carbon developed from Cactuses has good ability to remove Ni+2 ions. It was found that the ‎maximum removal efficiency reached to a value of 99.68 % under pH equals to 6.‎

The development of PMMA resin in denture base fabrication by using the strengthen method ‎represent important factor in the last years, so this study aims to development the mechanical ‎strengthens of PMMA denture base by manufacturing samples based on two types of polymers blends ‎are (poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin: 2% (silicone rubber (SR)) and (PMMA resin: 2% natural ‎rubber (NR)), each one of them used as a matrix material, reinforced by natural nanoparticles of ‎pomegranate peel (PPP), with selected weight fractions ratios (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 & 0.7% wt.). Some ‎mechanical properties and analytical of (FTIR) were investigated. The results showed an appreciably ‎improvement in the values of flexural strength, max. Shear stress, impact strength and fracture ‎toughness for both groups of hybrids nanocomposites specimens comparing with matrix materials of ‎‎(PMMA: 2%SR) and (PMMA: 2%NR). Hybrid nanocomposites specimens that based on polymer ‎blend (PMMA: 2%NR) as matrix material reinforced with PPP nanoparticle , showed the highest ‎values in these properties (144MPa, 12MPa, 10KJ/m² and 5.74MPa.m½) respectively, as compared ‎with specimens of hybrid nanocomposites (PMMA: 2%SR): X% PPP) . On the basis of these results, it ‎can be conclusion that the addition of 2% natural rubber with pomegranate peels powder ‎nanoparticles to the poly methyl methacrylate material is one of the hopeful materials in use to ‎improve the fracture strength for the complete or partial dentures base.‎

A comprehensive review on wide range of studies on natural convection was published relevant ‎to enclosures especially for the nanofluid enclosures which were exposed to different conditions on its ‎boundary wall. The papers related to the ways that used to enhancement the natural convection heat ‎transfer of a nanofluid within an enclosure region had been discussed in full details. Also contains the ‎experimental and numerical studies related to natural convection heat transfer of a nanofluid. It is of ‎practical and scientific importance to several engineering applications, such as industrial cold-storage ‎installations and insulation for buildings. There are researchers attracted their attention and interested ‎in studying the thermophysical characteristics of the nanoparticle more than anything else of the ‎studies and did not focus on the characteristics of heat transfer by this new fluid. There was a series of ‎investigations and several experimental and numerical studies were investigating within a square shape ‎cavity using nanofluids as working fluid and with the effect of the conductive baffle has a variable-‎length attached to the bottom horizontal wall. It was found that there is a lot of things need to be ‎investigated for studying the nanoparticle size and shape influence on the natural convection heat ‎transfer inside an enclosure. ‎

The research indicates that the use of bitumen is one of the residues of oil refining, made of ‎plastic with tar, which increases its use of power and at the same time gives good stability to the ‎asphalt concrete at high temperatures, and is used in the coating of parking.‎
The recycling of bitumen leads to a reduction in the cost of oil refineries to produce deeper ‎refining, leading to deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of oil tar, and as a result, lead ‎to a decrease in the quality of oil tar.‎
Today, the expansion of raw materials for road bitumen production can be achieved through ‎the use of by-products, construction waste, bitumen recycling,‎

In the present study, specimens of composite material were prepared by Hand lay- up molding ‎method. The epoxy resin was reinforced by low carbon steel fibrous at different weight ratios (2, 4, 6)% ‎by the random distribution of steel fiber in the resin. Mechanical properties were studied through ‎‎(Bending strength, Impact strength and Hardness) tests. The results showed an increase in bending ‎strength of (63%) in the percentage of reinforcement (4%). As for the impact strength, the results also ‎showed an increase of (15%) in the percentage of reinforcement (4 %) , while the rate of increase in the ‎value of hardness was (18%) in the percentage of reinforcement(4%).‎

The importance of architectural competitions at the professional and academic levels, as ‎Competitions have been adopted across multiple time periods to find a variety of solutions to design ‎problems and achieve non-traditional building patterns that promote creativity, And contributes to the ‎creation of the best designs and the introduction of new trends reflected directly in the formation of the ‎built architectural environment and in order to achieve upgrading and development
In addition to its educational importance in terms of combining architectural theory and the ‎practical practice of both engineers and architecture students, they are intellectual meetings that ‎contribute to stimulating self-learning and encouraging creativity through investigation and ‎competition to develop skills and enrich information. ‎
This research is interested in architectural competitions at the academic level, as it was ‎addressed by previous studies and thesis through the description as an experimental tradition and ‎social technologies and a research tool to achieve a scientific goal of learning and achieving creativity, ‎as well as referring to it as one of the types of informal learning in architecture, with Note that ‎architectural competitions in academic education have been referred to implicitly in all international ‎studies. While it was not mentioned in Arab and local studies, the ‎
problem of research was identified by the limited knowledge associated with academic ‎architectural competitions and their types, in general, and in fact local in particular, to be the goal of ‎the research to define these competitions and identify the most important types and in order to ‎contribute to enhancing the importance of Adopted in local architectural academies, this goal has ‎necessitated the adoption of the descriptive analytical approach to previous studies and knowledge ‎from inside and outside the field of architecture.‎
‎ The research problem was determined by the limited knowledge associated with academic ‎architectural competitions and their types, in general, and in local reality in particular, the aim of the ‎research is to define those competitions and identify the most important types and contribute to ‎enhancing the importance of its adoption in the local architectural academies,‎
In addition to the applied experiments associated with it, to apply to the application on specific ‎case study represented by Tamayouz Award with four categories, the research assumed the possibility ‎of the academic architectural competition to include several types and in accordance with the ‎requirements of the organizer and its endeavor to contribute to the promotion of the process Learning ‎education in architectural academies, according to which the results are analyzed and conclusions and ‎recommendations formulated.‎

In this study, a flat plate solar (air- water) heaters are analyzed experimentally. The collector ‎consists of two pipes with (12m) long, diameter (0.01905m) and a (5.54m) long air duct with a ‎‎(0.01)m2 cross-sectional area. The air duct consists of four channels which the water pipes fixed ‎parallel to the air duct in a serpentine configuration on the absorber plate. This work was performed ‎under the weather conditions of Hilla city-Iraq with (long.44.25o E, lat.32.3o N) where the study is ‎conducted during eight months (from July 2018 to March 2019) with different tilt angles. The ‎performance and the effect of the mass flow rate on the collector is studied. Air, water and absorber ‎temperatures, pressure drop and air speed are measured. Thermocouples type (K) are used to measure ‎the temperature as this type covers the range of the studied system. A temperature data logger devices ‎are used to display the values of the temperature. The pressure drop and air speed are measured by a ‎U tube manometer and a digital anemometer respectively. The results show that as the mass flow rate ‎for air and water increases the temperature for air ,water and absorber temperatures will decrease, ‎while the efficiency of collector increase.‎

Based on previous research by the authors, (59) cost control factors in construction projects ‎were identified in which (13) were considered as the most influential factors. In this research, control ‎measures that are potentially within the hands of main contractors were investigated according to the ‎opinions of some Iraqi professional engineers of high experience. A questionnaire survey consisting of ‎‎(55) control measures for the (13) most influential factors were suggested. When ranking those ‎measures, based on the highest (RII), it was found that contractors should focus on; using modern ‎techniques and tools to improve labor productivity, using modern design programs to give clear ‎visualization to the owner so changes is reduced, setting solid rules to attain good performance for ‎contractors, ‎S/C and ‎suppliers, paying liabilities on time to avoid shortage of funding, insure periodical ‎maintenance to enhance equipment performance and lower downtime, integrity and anti-corruption, ‎using work study techniques to insure proper site planning, proper selection of project managers, using ‎modern planning and scheduling techniques, prepare suitable safe off-site locations for backup ‎material storage, insure previous planning for equipment specification and labor skills, insure selecting ‎reliable suppliers.‎

After the widespread of modern movement of architecture in many countries of the world. This ‎impact has reached Iraq as well, through the work of foreign architects and Iraqi architects, especially ‎those who studied outside Iraq. These architects tend to use the principles of modern architecture and ‎merge them with local architecture characteristics. Such as, building materials, environmental ‎solutions, and some inspirations from the local heritage. Many of these buildings have been changed ‎during the last years, by covering with cheap materials, adding spaces to the basic design, or changing ‎their plans to fit other functions.‎
So, Research problem is determined as the serious need to provide a clear perception of ‎Iraqi academic architects’ role in maintaining modern architecture in Iraq.‎
The research aims to provide knowledge about modern architecture in Iraq, their Iraqi ‎architects, and their design principles. As the research assumes an important role for academic ‎architects in maintaining the product of modern architecture in Iraq. The case study is Al-‎Mustansiriyah University project, which is designed by the Iraqi architect Qahtan Awni, in 1963. The ‎research is trying to observe the development of the site plan, and some of the university buildings, ‎that shows the ability to prevent the bad changes on buildings, with the consideration of professors’ ‎opinion in the development process. Because these academics understand the real value of these ‎buildings as a historical document, identity representation, and an inspiration for the future design.‎

An electro-hydraulic elevator is a new type of enhanced elevators used in low-rise buildings, no ‎more than eight floors. In this paper, an electro-hydraulic servo system for controlling the speed of a ‎hydraulic elevator prototype by using a proportional valve and PI controller has been investigated ‎theoretically and experimentally. A three floors elevator prototype model with 76cm height has been ‎built, including hydraulic components and electrical components. The elevator system is automated ‎using an Arduino UNO board based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system. LabVIEW software is ‎programmed to control the hydraulic elevator system through L298 DC drive via the DAQ board. The ‎best PI gains have been calculated experimentally using Ziegler–Nichols, trial and error methods. The ‎results showed the effectiveness of the use of Electro-hydraulic servomechanism in enhancing the ‎performance of the hydraulic elevator in terms of comfort and smoothness when people travelled ‎through the elevator floors.‎

Wet sieving is one of active separation process for clay mineral. In this work, wet sieving was ‎applied to separate attapulgite clay from quartz for Iraqi formation to make it suitable in drilling fluid ‎preparation. The Influence of wet sieving conditions (stirring speed, stirring time and mesh size) on ‎quality and quantity properties of attapulgite clay were investigated. Three stirring speeds (850, 1300 ‎and 1800 rpm) at three stirring times (5, 15 and 20min.) were tested in wet milling process, in addition ‎to three mesh sizes (20,38 and 75µm) were applied in wet sieving process. XRD and FE-SEM were used ‎for mineralogical and morphological characterizing for attapulgite clay. Rheological properties and ‎yield of clay were tested at fresh and salt water using ofite viscometer. Yield of the process was ‎measured by weight differences of clay before wet sieving and after purification process. The results ‎showed that the stirring speed and stirring time had great action on raising the yield of process, where ‎higher yields of process was obtained at 1800 rpm stirring speed for 20 min. at mesh size 75 µm. the ‎results also showed, the mesh size had Direct proportion with a yield of process, while it had a revers fit ‎with dispersion of attapulgite clay. However, best apparent viscosity (15.83 and12.06 Cp) for fresh ‎and salt water respectively, and higher yield of clay (94.21and 81.71 barrel/ton) for fresh and salt ‎water were gained at sieving with 38 µm mesh size. Final result, the best wet sieving condition were ‎stirring speed1800‎‏ ‏rpm for‏ ‏‎20 min. at 38 µm mesh size. ‎

‎ This paper presents an experimental investigation on the structural behavior of continuous ‎steel-reactive powder concrete composite member under repeated loads. Composite-beam, including ‎one steel I-beam and concrete slab, which are jointed together by shear connector. The study was ‎conducted in experimental and theoretical parts. The concrete deck slab was connected to steel I-‎beams by headed steel studs welded to the top flanges of the steel I-beams. The dimensions of the ‎deck slab are (2200×250×80mm: length×width×thickness), while the type of I-beam is (IPE 140) with ‎length of (2200mm). To study the continuous steel-reactive powder concrete composite member such ‎as the ultimate load carrying capacity, deflection and crack pattern at the ultimate load, six different ‎types of beams were tested. The parameters of the study were type of concrete (RPC and Normal ‎Concrete (NC)), type of loading,‎‏ ‏type of boundary condition and different number of shear connector. ‎In the theoretical part, the tested beams were numerically modeled then analyzed using the finite ‎element method. The numerical models were carried out in three dimensions of the software package ‎‎(ANSYS 16.1). The results of the study indicate that the general trend in ultimate load is to decrease ‎with (use normal concrete, test under repeated load, use simply supports and reduce the number of ‎shear connectors), by (23.4, 9.2, 42.4, 18.7 and 23.15) % respectively.‎

The aim of this research is to develop a predictive model to estimate the groundwater head in ‎Safwan-Zubair area by using an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This area represents ‎the southern sector of the Iraqi Desert, an arid region with scarce and limited resources. The data ‎required for building the ANFIS model are generated using MODFLOW model (V.5.3). MODFLOW ‎model was calibrated based on field measurements during one year. MODFLOW model generated ‎‎(3797) hydraulic head values during each month. 70% of these values (2658 samples) was used for ‎training, 30% of these values (1139 samples) was used for checking. The accuracy of the ANFIS ‎models are compared with previous work based on artificial neural network (ANN) technique. ‎Different combination of successive hydraulic heads and recharge rates of groundwater is used as ‎input variables. There is no significant increase in the estimation accuracy when adding another input ‎variable (recharge rate). Because the amount of this variable is very little, so its influence on the results ‎was imperceptible. A comparison of ANFIS and ANN shows that the ANFIS model performs ‎preferable than the ANN model on the checking phase. ANFIS model combines both fuzzy logic basics ‎and neural networks; thus their properties can be utilized in one frame. It can be concluded, the ANFIS ‎model appears to be more convenient than the ANN model for predicting groundwater hydraulic head ‎from related input data.‎