Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

This research deals with the study of the poem (The Scream of Injustice) by the well-known Iraqi poet (Atika Al-Khazraji), most of whose poetry is distinguished by its assimilation into the concerns and hopes of the Iraqi and Arab nation, and including this poem, the subject of our research, which our study was in terms of the language of the literary text. So we began by studying the title as a “chandelier of text” illuminating what is coming in it, then the main levels of the text (lexical, external and internal phonetic, syntactic, and semantic). We analyzed each one of them and demonstrated its role in shaping the apparent structure of the poem and its internal meanings, then we concluded with the most prominent results of the research.

The Huk movement is an important topic in the history of the Philippines. It began as a military movement against the Japanese occupation and demanded the liberation of the Philippines. Because of its strength and high level of organization, the United States agreed to cooperate with it and provided it with military aid during World War II, despite the lack of trust between them due to the ideological differences between the two parties and the adoption of communism by its leaders. However, the Huk soon turned into a political reform movement that demanded the elimination of the feudal system, carrying out agricultural reforms, distributing land fairly between landowners and peasants, and forming a communist Philippine government.
Before the end of World War II, the United States stood against the Huks and declared them outlaws, which led the Huks to carry out a series of military operations that continued until Magsaysay arrived at the Ministry


of Defense and implemented some reforms at all levels, which led to them being exposed to a series of defeats that ultimately led to their defeat in 1951.

The study aimed to find out the effectiveness of the creative burden strategy in achieving concentration, including physics, among students of middle school, “the fourth scientific year.” The researcher chose Al-Ain Qasdiyah from Al-Zaytoun Middle School, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Al-Qadisiyah, and the number reached (71) students, for the experimental participation (teaching according to choice). The burden of entertainment) (36) full male and female students (learning and familiarity) (35), as my group category for advanced study in order to obtain, an innovative researcher was prepared in the two groups and presented to experts in the study subjects and teaching methods. A researcher also prepared a special tool for the study,


where The obtaining test consists of (40) items, and the main control scale consists of (20) items They were approved after ensuring their validity and reliability. The experiment was carried out in the academic year 2022-2021, “the first semester.” After completion, the data was processed statistically. The researcher concluded that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the group that studied with the (experimental) cognitive load strategy in achievement and attentional control. Based on these results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and proposed some proposals

The cuneiform texts that were discovered in the archaeological sites of Mesopotamia are a source of scientific and cognitive inspiration in various aspects of life and types of knowledge. From the cuneiform texts that were studied in general, the names of names and their types and aspects of science, knowledge, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, etc., were identified, as well as About the economic aspects that explained to us details of the aspects of life related to administration and economics, and that what was included in the cuneiform texts that were studied in this research, which are of the category of economic texts, includes a number of information about economic and administrative systems, and it is possible to derive information from texts that mainly include: The dates of the years of kings' rule, as well as the consecration texts and some references coming from the texts of this era, especially since the texts studied in this research varied in historical formulas, between the seventh year (text) (1) of King Amar-Sin, and the first and ninth years (texts 2 and 3) of King Shu - Sin, and the third year (Text (4) of King Abi-Sin). Together, these sources gave us a picture of part of the economic system at the end of the third millennium BC, as it included jobs, professions, materials, and measures, in



addition to scales, and most proper names, whether personal or nouns. Locations and cities.

The process of plundering and stealing antiquities, statues, and other archaeological finds is considered one of the important topics that occurred in Mesopotamia in various ancient historical eras, as there were many references contained in the texts of Mesopotamia about this process, which took place as a result of wars, conflict, and competition between the countries that appeared in Mesopotamia from One side or between the governments that were formed throughout the historical eras in ancient Iraq and between its neighbors from the neighboring countries in Anatolia, Elam, and the rest of the other neighboring regions.
These wars contributed to the victorious army of a country seizing the assets of royal palaces, temples, and state institutions, carrying them and transporting them to the capital of its country to be placed in the victorious king’s palace, temple, or in the middle of the main city square. The materials transported varied, including statues of kings and gods, sculptures, border stones, and seals. And written tablets, various utensils, ornaments, jewelry, precious stones, the throne chair, the royal bed, furniture, compartments, scepters, necklaces, and other archaeological materials that can be carried.
The image of the theft and plunder of antiquities of high material, moral, symbolic and spiritual value has been repeated in Mesopotamia, especially statues of kings and gods and sculptures, due to the symbolism, sanctity and status that these things represent in the hearts of the citizens of the society. Therefore, the process of stealing and plundering these statues was carried out by a foreign invader or occupier. Whether he is from within Mesopotamia or from outside it, it is considered an insult to the residents and citizens of the defeated country, and it is a type of imposing a fait accompli on them, since the god of this or that city has left it and no longer has a place in it due to the weakness of his people and citizens to defend him against the invading occupiers.



This study included seven axes that dealt with the looting and theft of antiquities and statues, starting with the era of the Sumerian city-states (2800-2371 BC) and ending with the era of the New Babylonian state (612-539 BC) and other subsequent eras.

During the events of the Lebanese civil war, many organizations emerged that had political visions and viewpoints different from each other regarding the justifications and causes of that war and how to deal with its events, It also had special visions related to Lebanon’s relationship with its Arab surroundings, and the countries neighboring it that directly control and influence its fate, including Israel, the enemy greedy for the land of Lebanon. Among those organizations that we tried to study was the Cedar Guardians, an organization that proved to us through its study that it was an organization that caught our attention. As researchers, not only for its modernity, but also for its style, slogans, positions, and the distinctive intellectual and media role that it played, its distance from moderation, and the ambiguity that surrounded it about the nature of this organization at the beginning of its appearance, and how this ambiguity was dispelled and a clear and broad picture of the nature of this organization was formed, which was clarified from During that study.

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of a proposed teaching model according to the theory of learning in the digital age in developing self-directed learning among students of the College of Basic Education at Sumer University. To achieve this goal, the researcher chose a quasi-experimental design with partial control for two groups (experimental and control), where the research sample consisted of (89) male and female students in the third stage of the Arabic Language Department/College of Basic Education/Sumer University. The researcher rewarded the two research groups on a number of variables, and after defining the scientific material (measurement and evaluation), formulating (140) behavioral objectives, and preparing teaching plans, The researcher adopted the Williamson scale (Williamson, 2007) for self-directed learning, and applied it to the research sample, where the results of the research revealed the superiority of the experimental group that studied according to the proposed model over the control group that studied according to the usual method, and therefore there is effectiveness of the proposed teaching model according to learning theory. In the digital age in developing self-


directed learning among students of the College of Basic Education, and in light of these results, the researcher recommended relying on the proposed teaching model in accordance with the theory of learning in the digital age in teaching.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Personal quality among postgraduate students.
2- The significance of statistical differences in personal quality according to the gender variable (males - females).
3- The personal struggle among graduate students.




4- The statistical significance of the difference in personal struggle according to gender (male - female)
5- The correlation between personal quality and
personal struggle among graduate s
● Research method: In his current research, the researcher adopted (the descriptive, correlational method) as it is the most appropriate method for the nature of the research and its procedures.
● The research procedures are: The current research community consists of (498) postgraduate students in scientific and humanities specializations at Al-Qadisiyah University for the academic year (2023-2024), and due to the small size of the research community, the researcher used the method of comprehensive inventory of the research community as a representative sample, and to achieve the research objectives. The researcher adopted the Personal Struggle Scale prepared by (Al-Khikani, 2021), and the final form of the scale consisted of (60 items) with a three-tiered scale, which is (agree, agree to some extent, disagree), and when correcting the scale’s items, the following weights are taken (2. ,3, 1) For the items that trend in the direction of the variable, as for the measure of personal quality, the researcher built it in light of the literature, frameworks, and theoretical models that interpreted it. It consists of (54) items. The answer alternatives were on a five-point scale, which are (applies to me completely, applies to me often, applies to me sometimes). It applies to me rarely, it does not apply to me at all. When correcting the scale items, the following weights are taken (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The psychometric properties of the two scales were extracted from (validity and reliability), and the data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed the following:
1- The research sample has a high personal quality.
2- There are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (males, females) in the personal quality of postgraduate students.
3- The current research sample has a good percentage of personal struggle.
4- There are no statistically significant differences in personal struggle according to the gender variable.
5- There is a correlation between the two research variables, personal quality and personal struggle among graduate students.




In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals for future research.