The Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The research deals with the concept of resilience in the urban landscape in terms of its ecological aspect, as a dynamic system that is formed from the interactions of nature with artificial elements, and it possesses resilient dynamic relationships that create spatial and temporal urban continuity. the concept of urban resilience includes new theoretical tools for thinking that resulted from the transformation of the sustainable development model and became more important with the emergence of crises and unexpected changes, and the research studies the relationship between the attributes of Resilience and the ecological aspect in the formation of the urban landscape, leading to the research problem represented by(the lack of clarity of ecological indicators that achieve Resilience in the urban landscape), and the goal of the research was set with (finding a theoretical and conceptual framework on the attributes of resilience and its ecological indicators in formation of Resilience urban landscape ).Accordingly, the main idea was to discuss those attributes and their ecological variables and indicators to find a resilience urban landscape that has the ability to self-organize and deal with changes to solve the research problem, the research relied on a set of studies on those attributes, taking into account that the variables and their indicators directly related to the ecological formation of urban landscape and can be measured, In order to test the hypothesis through a practical study by adopting the descriptive-analytical method for projects that applied those attributes, and reaching the results and conclusions

Christian architecture was characterized within its various types by a set of unique design characteristics at the level of space organization, facades, and mass formation. The previous knowledge was concerned with church architecture and put forward the concept of invisible articulation through the sequence of movement of the user of space through devotional rituals (liturgy). A research problem is the lack of clarity on the nature of compatibility within the invisible details in the architecture of contemporary local Iraqi churches from the traditional. The hypothesis is that the compatibility between the invisible details in the architecture of the traditional local churches is more achieved than the realization of this relationship within the contemporary local churches. The quantitative research approach was adopted in three stages (building a theoretical framework on the characteristics of the invisible articulation through a set of vocabulary related to the invisible articulation within the behavioural-kinetic system. Then, the liturgical system, which is governed by a specific kinetic and temporal system and specific users), was applied to four samples of local churches. The measurement method and its method for the invisible articulation were also determined by adopting the (Justified Graph) technique to measure the ritual system and focused on recording the results and determining the conclusions.

The deviation is a phenomenon of life before it is an important phenomenon in creative and artistic processes within different fields. Including the field of architecture, where the designer resorted to it to form a new architectural product that goes beyond the rules and direct, explicit connotations, achieving poeticism, uniqueness, and excellence in its production. Given the importance of the concept and its role in the formation of contemporary architectural production. The research went on to explore it, identifying its research problem b: cognitive deficiencies around indicators of semantic structure that include displacement in architecture. Still, its goal is to reach a clear vision of semantic structure indicators, including displacement in architecture. The research achieved the stages of his approach, which began by introducing a procedural definition of displacement in architecture. Additionally, reviewing a series of previous architectural studies (international and local) and some thesis in the language, literature, and literary criticism to reach the most prominent indicators of semantic structures displaced in architecture. The research then went on to apply these indicators to two projects of contemporary Iraqi architecture. It then went on to use these indicators for two projects of contemporary Iraqi architecture, after which it tends to discuss the results and put forward the conclusions on the theoretical and practical aspects of the research.

Heritage buildings result from human cultures and are a significant expression of civilization and cultural thought. It has become part of our lives, and informatics has become in all areas of life; it has a real place in human production and affects the present and future. From here, it was necessary to think about how to preserve the heritage buildings and their protectors in a way that suits the requirements of the present era and preserve them for future generations by introducing sustainable development and its fields to conservation operations. Minimal sustainable conservation operations are using modern technologies without compromising the essence of the building and its identity, but rather working to strengthen its heritage features. Thus, the focus of the general research became modern procedures for preserving heritage buildings. The research problem is the existence of a knowledge gap between theory and practice related to how to preserve heritage buildings, including their continuity for future generations because they are a source of inspiration for the local architect. Therefore, the analytical framework included building a comprehensive theoretical framework of knowledge about heritage buildings, preservation, and sustainable development factors and how to introduce technology to preserve the building in the future.

Formal developments were characterized by different concepts, one of which was complexity, which affects the architecture because of its association with ambiguity and differentiation. The research begins with the definition of the complexity property. Then, the study discussed complexity as a design characteristic in terms of its phenomena and touched on the dimensions of complexity in the residential environment. The research problem is a need for knowledge about the property of complexity in the forms of buildings and what is related to their design dimensions in residential environments. The goal of the research was to identify the important vocabulary in complexity characteristic of formal and urban activation, leading to the theoretical framework on the dimensions of complexity in residential environments and complexity in buildings. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method in the framework and applied it within the practical study. The results showed a dimension of complexity was achieved with a percentage of 89.83%, and a dimension of complexity in buildings with a percentage of 86.05%. The research concluded the complexity characteristic achieves the formal activation within the city, and it is linked to ambiguity within the architectural formations to achieve a contradictory architecture that generates multiple levels of meanings.

The architect is the heart of the investment process. Consulting is a science and an art that only those who possess high taste, experience, and knowledge of the integrated elements that lead to the success of investment complexes. The research problem is the lack of comprehensive studies on integrating enabling strategies for residential investment projects. The research objective is to present a clear vision of integration in enabling residential investment complexes with utilitarian, aesthetic, and symbolic indicators. Accordingly, the hypothesis is that the strategy of allowing the housing unit and the housing complex is integrated for the success of enabling investment housing complexes. Achieving this required the construction of a theoretical framework consisting of two terms (the strategy of enabling the housing unit and the strategy of enabling the housing complex), which were employed in the practical study. For the residents, the study reached many conclusions and recommendations, including the success of the strategies for the two projects and the weakness of some vocabulary, including the symbolic, aesthetic, and utilitarian needs.

The current Covid-19 pandemic has interested the world, changing habits and use of places. During the lockdown period, public spaces became empty, and new urban landscapes replaced the previous ones, transforming the private into the public. Children, young and elderly people were those who mainly had problems: to them, real life was negated at the time of their life, which is more critical reopening all public spaces once again allowed social interactions “in the presence”, although with respect for physical distancing, confirming the importance of these places for all. Safe urban public spaces are essential due to their public health implications, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the risks of virus transmission calls for thinking about how these urban spaces are designed. This work, therefore, looks at how to reconsider the design of urban landscape elements to control the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.

The study focused on the objective measurement method of the sound level parameter, the geometrical formation, the observation of some acoustic properties, and their effectiveness for the atrium space in the Baghdad and Babylon shopping malls. In this study, a measurement of the sound level parameter was carried out to evaluate their acoustic performance and compare them with the standard standards required to be achieved in such buildings. The measurement process was conducted using a portable device SL-4112P that measures the sound level parameter SPL (A) and at a point on each floor around the atrium in both shopping centres for three minutes for each floor. The duration was determined according to previous studies. The measurement results of the average sound level values for both commercial centres showed an increase in the average sound level value as the height of the floors increased. And it is relatively far from what should be achieved for acoustic comfort in this commercial building. It does not agree with what the Iraqi Code of Phonetics has specified for the appropriate sound level value (55-45 dBA). In such spaces.

Mutualism in various fields of knowledge is a method of life and a necessity of existence imposed by the requirements of survival and continuity to create a state of integration and balance in nature, and that the mutualism based on give and take between opposing and dissimilar architectural entities can establish the correct and useful design principles in architecture and create new architectural formations characterized by creativity and development, hence the problem of the research appeared in the need to reveal the role of mutualism as a symbiotic design approach between opposing and dissimilar architectural entities that works to strengthen the bonds of the linking relationship between them and establish to create new, more creative and advanced architectural formations. The aim of the research was to clarify the cognitive perception about the importance of mutualism in establishing a symbiotic design approach that is characterized by stronger, interconnected and dynamic relationships and works to create different creative formations within multiple levels between contradictory architectural entities. Most important conclusions clarified that the mutualism is considered as a design approach that generates creative products in architecture through the presence of several levels related to concepts (Old and New, Connection and Discontinuity, Change).