Engineering and Technology Journal

The addition of epoxy bending plate to the tension and compression faces
or web is an effective technique for flexural or shear strengthening of
reinforced concrete beams, also using of steel fibers with concrete
improves the structural behavior and increases the moment capacity and
shear resistance of the beams. General equations are derived for
predicting the bending moment capacity, maximum and balancing
reinforcement ratio the equivalent depth of the compression zone for singly
and doubly reinforced rectangular sections and T-beams. The results
indicate that bending moment capacity increased in beams with steel fibers
and composite

A computational analysis is presented to predict the ultimate and cracking
shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs. Different models
are suggested considering the effect of concrete compressive and tensile
strength, amount of flexural reinforcements, yield strength of the
reinforcement bars and steel fiber properties (volume percent, aspect
ratio, and type of steel fibers). The predicted results are compared with the
experimental data found in literature and found good agreement

A proper slurry design is critical to cementing work success. In the present
investigation, a ball mill method was utilized for preparing a nano powder
from a cement dust material, supplied via Al-Kufa Cement Factory, to
reinforce the oil well cement by utilizing it as a partial replacement of oil
well cement class (G) using different weight percentages (0.25%, 0.5%,
0.75% and 1%). A mixture having water to cement ratio of (0.44) was
produced. The produced samples characterizations were achieved via the
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as well as
the density and compressive strength. Results showed that the structural
characteristics were enhanced with the phase formation of the calcium
silicate hydration (C-S-H), and both density and compressive strength
were improved. Accordingly, obtained results

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a fusion type welding and it is
considered one of the most important welding types due to its inherent
capabilities of high welding speed, high deposition rate, welding large
thickness plates owing to its deep penetration characteristic and many
other advantages. In this study, the goal was to investigate the effect of
welding parameters, namely (welding current and welding speed) as well
as the joint design on the mechanical properties (yield stress, bending
force on the face of the weldment and hardness of the weld metal.
Experiments were conducted employing Design of Expert (DOE) software
and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. The experiments
were conducted by welding ASME SA-516 Gr. 70 steel plate with
dimension (300 mm × 150 mm × 10 mm) depending upon the design matrix
developed via the DOE. Results manifested that the optimum process

This paper aims to develop appropriate solutions for each of the causes for
the change orders, which help to manage the cost risk in road projects in
Iraq. The literature was reviewed in detail, and the objectives were
implemented by using a questionnaire that was distributed to specialists in
the public sector to survey all possible causes for exceeding the cost of
road projects. As a result, 35 causes were identified for a large number of
change orders in road projects and their classification into four axes:
design, implementation, financial, and other causes. The results of the
questionnaire were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII). As
a result, the main causes of the change orders were the variations in
design and the quantities of work. The main effect was found to be an
increase in the cost of the project. Finally

One of the main challenges facing Civil Engineering community is to modify cement quantity in the mix design by admixtures to enhance the mechanical properties. According to more than 1000 data from literature, mechanical characteristics of concrete modified with FA were discussed. The statistical variation with modeling were achieved by set of data. The cement was replaced up to 70% with FA (weight of dry cement) and by cube of concrete testing up to 90 days of curing time and different w/c ratio. The compressive strength of concrete varied from 18-67 MPa, while, for modified concrete with FA, compressive strength ranged from 21-94 MPa, tensile strength ranged from 1-9 MPa and flexural strengths ranged from 3 - 10 MPa. The w/c ratio of concrete modified with FA varied from 0.24-0.53, also the FA content varied from 0-50 %. Vipulanandan correlation model was effective by connecting mechanical properties and compare with Hoek-Brown model. The nonlinear model was used to investigate the effect of FA on properties of normal and high strength concrete. Study results presented a worthy correlation between compressive strength and curing time, w/c ratio and FA content. By using the interactive linked (model) for compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete quantified well as a function of w/c ratio, curing

In this research, a multi-response optimization based on Taguchi method is proposed for friction stir welding (FSW) process for (2024-T3) aluminum alloy. Three different shoulder diameters of tools with tapered pin geometry of (12, 14 and 14 mm) with variable rotation speed (710, 1000 and 1400 rpm) and welding speed of (40, 56 and 80 mm/min), three different tilting angles of (1, 2 and 3 degree) and three welding direction of (1, 2 and 3 passes). The results of this work showed the single optimization by using (Taguchi method) at the optimum condition for the tensile strength and yield strength were (365 MPa) and (258 MPa) respectively; at the parameters: shoulder diameter (14 mm), rotation speed (1400 rpm), linear speed (40 mm/min), tilting angle ((3°) for tensile strength and (1°) for yield strength) and welding direction (3 passes). The results of multi-response optimization for (FSW) process at the optimum

The efficiency of a WPT system greatly depends on both the geometry and operating frequency of the transmitting and receiving structures. Genetic optimizations algorithms are presented to prepare the proposed design parameters using MATLAB to optimize the link efficiency. Single and double layer PSCs are optimally designed with minimal proximity losses effect. In this paper, we used the benefit of a double layer technique to miniaturize the receiver PCS size. The proposed single layer (10×10) mm2 and double layer (8×8) mm2 PSCs are validated and simulated using HFSS 15.03 software at a frequency of 13.56MHz in both cases of the air, and human biological skin tissue as intermediate material between the transmitter and receiver PSCs. The calculated and simulated results of both proposed receiver PSCs are compared for both cases of intermediate materials for their efficiency behaviors. The results show that in the case of biological tissue, the deterioration in PTE using 8mm double layer receiver is only 6.5 % (PTE =70.96%), which is less than 13.5 % (PTE=68.6%) using single layer 10mm receiver. A comparative survey has been done for similar works of different authors in the last decade. In comparison with other works, the proposed

The design of high efficiency inverse class-F (class-F-1) radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers includes extensive measurements to characterize the RF power device by means of the empirical load-pull test setup. This paper presents an alternative characterization approach based on evaluating the load impedances analytically at the desired harmonic frequencies for a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) in terms of the internal and package elements of the active device. It additionally provides a method for extracting the parasitic elements of the power device as well as determining the optimum load-line resistance using the transistor manufacturer’s large signal model. A new topology for the output matching circuit is also proposed with its synthetic procedure to present the appropriate harmonic load impedances. To verify this methodology, a 900 MHz inverse class-F power amplifier circuit was designed and its performance was tested with the aid of the Keysight ADS software. The simulation results showed an output power of 38 dBm, a power gain of about 13 dB, DC-to-RF efficiency greater than 87%, and an acceptable level of linearity for both GSM and CDMA modulated signals.

The presented study has the aim of finding out the relationships between input variables and process parameters that describe mathematical models, also to estimate the impact of independent parameters on the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). In the presented paper, A2-Tool Steel material is the utilized workpiece material, whereas copper is the electrode material. RSM, which is the abbreviation of Response Surface Methodology, is used for identifying the impact of controllable parameters; such controllable effects consist of pulse current, pulse on time, and pulse off time on HAZ. It has been noticed that model has been developed by RSM adequacy is suitable since the coefficient related to the determination is considered closest to one for HAZ, whereas the highest percentage of error between experimental and predicted data is (-13.829%). From ANOVA, the pulse current has the most significant factor affected on HAZ with 67.219% contribution

The modern technological advances gave rise to new intelligent ways of performance and management in various fields of our lives. The employment of the artificial intelligent techniques proved influential in enhancing the technological developments and in meeting the demands for new, more efficient, more reliable and faster ways of performing activities and tasks. Lighting systems are an important part of human life. For this reason, it is important to reduce and manage energy consumption properly. Light dimming paves the way for massive energy saving in lighting applications. The options include simply reducing the output during the night and achieve maximum saving with variable dimming. Advantage can be taken of off-peak times (no light needed) to reduce energy consumption significantly. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is used as dimming method. The proposed system offers intelligent management of lighting to reduce power consumption, extend lamp life and reduce maintenance. In this work, we will be using multiple sensors such as light dependent resistor (LDR) and Motion Sensor (PIR) for LED dimming system to achieve intelligent LED lighting system to manage energy consumption. The data collected by sensors is processed by Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which is implemented by using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Spartan 3A starter kit that controls the light intensity of LED from changing the duty cycle of the PWM signals. FPGA was used to implement the design, because of the re-programmability of the FPGAs, which can support the re-configuration necessary to implement the design. VHDL program was used to describe the functions of all necessary components used. Xilinx ISE 14.7 design suite and MATLAB R2012A were used as software tools to perform Spartan 3A starter kit program. The Simulation results were obtained with Xilinx blocks found in MATLAB program

Iraqi phosphate ore deposits have been ascertained to be the second global reserve after Morocco, it has been utilized successfully at Al-Qaim phosphate fertilizers complex in the period 1983-2009. The deposit has valuable content of rare piles of earth and uranium, which is expected to have a good impact on the Iraqi economy if they are recovered from the ore. In the present study, solvent extraction was employed for the extraction of the rare earth elements (REEs), tributyl phosphate (TBP) in kerosene was utilized for extracting ytterbium, yttrium, erbium, and lanthanum from an aqueous solution made via the nitric acid (HNO3) leaching of the concentrate of the Iraqi apatite ore. In the extraction stage, the effect of the concentration of TBP (1, 2, 3, and 3.5) M, contact time (1, 3,5,7,9, and 11) min, and the phase ratio (organic/aqueous) (1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1) were studied. The outcomes manifested, that around 92.9%, 98%, 90.4%, and 98.3% of yttrium, ytterbium, erbium, and lanthanum, respectively were extracted at the best extraction conditions of 3M TBP , 4/1 organic to aqueous phase ratio and 7 min contact

Object detection and tracking are key mission in computer visibility applications, including civil or military surveillance systems. However, there are major challenges that have an effective role in the accuracy of detection and tracking such as the ability of the system to track the target and the response speed of the system in different environments as well as the presence of noise in the captured video sequence. In this proposed work, a new algorithm to detect moving objects from video data is designed by the Fast Principle Component Purist (FPCP). Then, we used an ideal filter that performs well to reduce noise through the morphological filter. The Blob analysis is used to add smoothness to the spatial identification of objects and their areas, and finally, the detected object is tracked by Kalman Filter. The applied examples demonstrated the efficiency and capability of the

Computer vision and image processing are extremely necessary for medical pictures analysis. During this paper, a method of Bio-inspired Artificial Intelligent (AI) optimization supported by an artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used to detect pictures of skin carcinoma. A Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) is utilized to educate the artificial neural network (ANN). A different feature is an extract to train the classifier. The comparison has been formed with the projected sample and two Artificial Intelligent optimizations, primarily based on classifier especially with, ANN-ACO (ANN training with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)) and ANN-PSO (training ANN with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)). The results were assessed using a variety of overall performance measurements to measure indicators such as Average Rate of Detection (ARD), Average Mean Square error (AMSTR) obtained from training, Average Mean Square error (AMSTE) obtained for testing the trained network, the Average Effective Processing Time (AEPT) in seconds, and the Average Effective Iteration Number (AEIN). Experimental results clearly show the superiority of the proposed (ANN-MFO) model with different features.

The impact of climate change on stream flow and sediment yield in Darbandikhan Watershed is an important challenge facing the water resources in Diyala River, Iraq. This impact was investigated using five Global Circulation Models (GCM) based climate change projection models from the A1B scenario of medium emission. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to compute the temporal and spatial distribution of streamflow and sediment yield of the study area for the period 1984 to 2050. The daily-observed flow recorded in Darbandikhan Dam for the period from 1984 to 2013 was used as a base period for future projection. The initial results of SWAT were calibrated and validated using SUFI-2 of the SWAT-CUP program in daily time step considering the values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient of determination (R2) as a Dual objective function. Results of NSE and R2 during the calibration (validation) periods were equal to 0.61 and 0.62(0.53 and 0.68), respectively. In addition, the average future prediction for the five climate models indicated that the average yearly flow and sediment yield in the watershed would decrease by about 49% and 44%, respectively, until the year 2050 compared with these of the base period from 1984 to 2013. Moreover, spatial analysis

The design of sculptured surfaces occupies an essential area in the field of modern industrial, aerospace, and medical applications. The challenge is to design products that have complex features efficiently with great flexibility of editing in certain regions without affecting other regions, which the designer has no intent to modify. In this paper, we propose a surface design method based on compound NURBS surface to model automotive parts with 400 control points. First, a Non-Uniform B-Spline basis function is derived with a cubic degree and 20 control points. This method is utilized to design car posterior door, car hood, and rear car door as case studies