Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Abstract
In this study , the production of polysaccharide from one of the local Cladosporium herbarum had been studied . and obtained from Mousel University / College of Education . At the beginning , we studied the preparation & selection of nutrient semi-synthetic media for the growth of the fungus , and facilitation of its production of polysaccharide The best production was obtained after 7 days of incubation in shaker incubator via (A) prepared medium which represents (P.D) medium . Then we studied the ability of the fungus to grow in liquid medium (P.D) in light and dark conditions . The growth of the fungus and the production of polysaccharides had been decreased in light compared with dark incubation conditions . Its effect had been studied in two types of media , stable media and media in shaking condition .Results showed that light decreased the growth of the fungus C. herbarum and The polysaccharides production in stable medium conditions , as the maximum production of polysaccharides in light and dark conditions were (0.67 gm / l and 1 gm / l ) respectively after 8 days of incubation while the Maximum production of polysaccharides in light and dark conditions in shaker incubation circumstances were (1.01 gm / l and 2.74 gm / l ) respectively .. On increasing the size of the medium from 50 ml for each 250 ml – flask To 150 ml and 200 ml for each 500 ml – flask , the production of Polysaccharides was increased to (4.58 gm / l ) . On acidic analysis of polysaccharides that produced using thin layer chromatography technique ( TLC), we obtained only one patch resembling glucose as an essential component of polysaccharides . Also infrared light (IR) showed absorption band at (850 cm¬-1), and this band was considered as a Characteristic feature of polysaccharides type Alpha (α ). The estimation of the specific optical rotation showed a reflection of the value /α / 20 = ْ 30 which was also considered a characteristic feature of polysaccharides type alpha (α ) . The limited viscosity (Real) for the produced sugar was (η=1.5) . The reaction of polysaccharides with Iodine was negative .

The present study was conducted in the laboratory of food science Department-College of Agriculture- University of Tikrit. It involved microbial and health evaluation of energy drinks in Iraqi markets. The aim of the study was to estimate the concentrations of some heavy elements in the types of the studied beverages, to determine the overall numbers of the microbial pollutants, and to indicate the influence of the estimated of heavy metals in the beverages upon physiological and biochemical properties on the rabbits as laboratory animals. Beside the appreciation of the bacterial isolates in the intestine of animals to the extent its balance.Four samples for the most prevalent and desired beverages by the consumers from different origins were collected by ten cans for each type.The results showed that the pH values of the energy drinks Redbull, Bison, Power and TNT, were 3.9, 3.6, 4.0 and 3.8, respectively, also the results showed that the concentration of the heavy elements in the energy drinks are within the permitted limits according to GSO for energy drinks. Four types of anaerobic and optional anaerobic bacteria were sacked from the studied beverages as Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus , Lactobacillus sakeii.There was no significant difference in the relative weight for the heart, spleen, kidney and liver in the groups that was given energy drinks for different concentrations. The blood criteria cleared that the oral dosage of drinks had caused a decline moral in the WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCHC. While there was a rise in the rate of legal size of MCV and MCH pellet compared with the value in animal control group. The impact of oral dosing of drinks was cleared in rising the value of the concentration each of total protein, albumin, urea and Glucose and decreasing the Globulin concentration value.The effectiveness values of the enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartames aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (AP) had a moral decreasing with increasing the given concentration of energy drinks. Also the results showed the existence of two types of intestinal bacteria Shigella sonnei , E.coli, and Citrobacter freundii.

This study was conducted to determine seroprevalence of brucellosis in non vaccinated cows in some areas of Salah EL-Din and to compare Rose Bengal and indirect ELISA tests for the detection of the brucella antibodies. A total of 88 serum samples were examined from different areas( Al-Shirgat :44 , Al-Alum ;15 , Tikrit ; 15 , Biji :14 ) representing 250 cows distributed in the different areas. Results of Rose Bengal test showed that the total seroprevalence of brucellosis was 11.36 ٪ and the highest rate14.28٪ in Biji, while the lowest was 11.36 ٪ in Tikrit area. Indirect ELISA test showed that the total percentage was 20.45٪, the highest 26.66٪ was reported in Al-Alum area and lowest 6.66٪ was reported in Tikrit area. The compatibility by Kappa value between the two tests was 0.5 indicating that the sensitivity of indirect ELISA test compared with Rose Bengal test in detection of brucella antibodies in cows serum .

In this study , males from the two local unselected barred and brown ( BAU and BRU ) lines were chosen randomly to be crossed with hens from the same line and with the broiler dam line Fawbro ( CD ) to prodnce the normal unselected hybrids , these four groups were considered as a control flocks , further more males from two selected local Brown ( BRS ) and Barred ( BAS ) lines were chosen from a highly egg producer layers and were crossed with the broiler dams ( Fawbro ) and with hens from then own lines , for the production of the improved hybrids , the broiler dam Fawbro performance was also studied in this work.Used in this study 675 layn hen were allotted 75 female in each treatment and divided to three replicate for each replicate content of 25 female for investigate the effectiveness crosses on the phenotypic correlation for some eggs production characters . the phenotypic correlation between age in sexual maturity with average weight of one egg and average egg weight , were positive correlation each of treatment while of the phenotypic correlation between age at sexual maturity with eat of number of eggs and egg mass were negative , the value of correlation between average weight of one egg with average weight egg ( 0.35 – 0.98 ) .The phenotypic correlation between the average egg weight and average egg mass weight were negative and significant for all genetic groups and ranged between (0.38- and 0.93–). Highly significant positive correlations between average egg production and average egg mass weight were observed for all genetic groups (0.49-0.99).

This study was conducted in Ishaqi cattle station north of Baghdad, use of 36 multi lactations Friesian cows in the beginning of the lactation period, for the period 1/6/2010 to 31/10/2010, to study the effect of heat stress on the productive performance represented the amount of milk production and some thermoregulatory responses (respiratory rate , rectal temperature and Heat tolerance coefficient) and some components of the blood biochemical and some enzymatic and hormonal concentrations in serum . Been inferred on the occurrence of heat stress through a directory of temperature and humidity values that were calculated according to (Mader 2006) .The results showed that cows under study was under severe heat stress during the study period following a negative significant effect on all studied traits as it reached the highest value for THI 82.65 , 83.66 unit during the months of July and August respectively ,

This study was carried out at Erbil Poultry Project, Layer farm No. 13, from 15/11/2009 to 1/3/2010 . This study included effects of supplementing (Chamomile) flower powder to diet of commercial layers on some egg quality traits in rations of (40-week) aged (60) of Layer hens Were randomly assigned into (4) Treatment included (15) hens with (3 hen) Replicates . and the Treatment of study is :- T1: Control Treatment ,T2: Supplement 0.3% Chamomile flower powder , T3: 0.6% Chamomile flower powder ,T4:0.9 Chamomile flower powder. The study was carried out to investigate effects of different level of flower powder and age period on egg weight , haugh unit , albumen index , yolk index , yolk percentage , albumen percentage ,shell weight, shell percentage , shell thickness , percent yolk to albumen , albumen hay ,yolk hay , egg yolk color for laying hen. Using supplementing (Chamomile) flower powder to diet significantly (P<0.01) affected because it was increased , haugh unit , albumen index , yolk index , shell percentage, shell weight , shell thickness , egg yolk color , albumen height ,yolk height. but didn’t effected significantly (P<0.01) by albumen weight, yolk weight, , percent yolk to albumen ,yolk percentage , albumen percentage.

In (RCBD) experiment Design , Six local Friesian cows (2-3 lactating season) were used to study the effect of three levels of Fenugreek seeds (0 , 2 , 4 %) on milk yield , milk composition and cholesterol level in the milk . Results showed that feeding 2 or 4% of Fenugreek seeds was significantly ( P< 0.05) ) increased milk yield and fat corrected milk (FCM 4%) as well as feed efficiency was improved as compared with control ration. cholesterol level in the milk was significantly decreased( P< 0.05) by increasing the percentage of Fenugreek seed at the treatment 4% compared with (0, 2% ) . The results also indicated that feeding Fenugreek seeds had no significant effect on milk fat, lactose and total solid.

The study is done to show the effect of different levels of KNO3 fertilizer (0,0.32,0.64,0.96) gmpot Which equal to (0,40,80,120) kgd and different levels of super Phosphate fertilizer (0,0.24,0.48) gmpot which equal to (0,30,60) kgd, by use plastic pots, capacity of Pot (4) kg soil was conducted at kalar horticulture Station Sulaimani governorate during the growing season of (2010-2011) , to some growth characteristics of wheat crop such as plant height, relative growth rate, relative yield and fertilizer efficiency of wheat crop IBA-95. The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment within (C.R.D) with three replicates.The results show that all above mentioned characteristics were significantly increased due to increasing levels of KNO3 and super phosphate fertilizers were 120 kgd KNO3 and 60 kgd super phosphate were the best compared with the other .

Two genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (Pioneer and Srew) were planted on 7/11/2008 at seeding depth (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 cm) with (1.4-1.7), (1.7-2.0) and more than 2 mm size to recognize the best depth and seed size for the two genotypes. A factorial experiment (2x4x3) was applied with randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results proved Pioneer superior to emergence speed and rate (2.5% and 29.95%) respectively and dicotyledonous area (202.2 mm2) which resulting in increasing in root group length (5.0 cm), shoot length (9.4 cm), plant root and shoot group fresh weights (0.089 g) and (1.021 g) respectively, seed weight rate (4.9 mg) and oil percentage (39.2%). The number of siliques/plant and seeds/silique decreased for the same genotype by 10.8% and 41.1% respectively. The 2.5 cm seeding depth is the best, which gave the highest emergence rate (49.85% and 55.5%) respectively and more surface area of dicotyledonous (263.4 mm2) and tallest root and shoot group (6.5 cm and 13.5 cm) respectively and higher fresh weight for same groups (0.165 and 2.212 g/plant) respectively which increased plant yield resulting from increasing number of siliques/plant (103.3 silique) and number of seeds/silique (17.0 silique) and increasing in percentage of oil 39.5% compare to 10 cm seed depth. The seed size had effect on these traits as well, as the large sizes 9larger than 2 mm) gave emergence speed (34.0%) and largest emergence rate and dicotyledonous area (42.3% and 232.7 mm2) respectively and long root group (5.70 cm). The number of siliques/plant and seeds/silique (77.7 silique) and (17.2 seed) respectively at this seed size. This size does not contrast to (1.7-2.0) seed size in seed weight rate (3.9 mg) and (4.1mg) respectively and the larger seeds gave higher oil percentage (37.2%). The best seed depth for pioneer is 2.5 cm for its rapid emergence (53.3%) and higher seeds emergence rate (60.3%), and significant diacotyledon area (301.2 mm2) and longest shoot group (13.6 cm) and therefore gave the highest plant yield and number of silique (5.03 g) and (121.2 silique) respectively and its seeds were distinguished for their high oil percentage (44%). The seed size of Pioneer genotype larger than (2.0 mm) was the best in speed and rate of emergence, diacotyledon are and oil percentage, whereas plant yield for Srew genotype, number of siliques and number of seeds/silique was superior when its seeds were planted larger seed depth than (2.0 mm). There was a fluctuation in the effects when large size seeds were planted in light seed depths (2.5 cm) superior to emergence speed (84.85%), emergence rate (94.7%) and dicotyledon surface area (355.7 mm2), and plant yield increased (5.28 g/plant), silique number/plant (145.2 silique) and seed number/silique (21.5 seed). While the seeds were average size at the same seed depth, the increase was in root and shoot groups length and the fresh and dry weights for the same two groups. Seed depth (2.5 cm) with seed size larger than (2.0 mm) was favorite when Pioneer genotype was planted because of its superiority to plant yield (5.74 g), silique number (159.3 silique) and distinguished by its high oil percentage (44.7%), the same seed depth and size were distinguished for Srew genotype, because it was faster in emergence (91.7%) and greater in emergence rate (97.79%) with the highest root group length (8.83 cm).

A study carried out in research station /college of Agriculture /Tikrit University for summer season 2011 , the experiment included two factors ,First was sowing dates (20 March and 20 April) whil the second was six genotypes of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) which were (coker 310 , cafco-1 , lachata , Dies , Dunn1047 and w888 ), for study the effect of sowing dates and genotypes in qualitative characters and determined the correlation between qualitative characters , by using split plot arraugement in Randomized Complete Block Design by two factors with three replicates , where as two dates of sowing as main plots and the genotypes in sub plots to study six . Physical characters . the results were as : the genotypes had been differed significantly in characters the length at (2.5%) , fiber finness (maicroniar), maturity percentage (%) and fiber length uniformity , two sowing dates had been differed also significantly only in fiber finness characters . the interaction between the two sowing dates and genotypes was significant in fiber maturity ration (%) . The study showed highly significant in the first and second date between maturity ratio and finness , highly significant correlation between fiber uniformity and length at (50% ) . There was possitive correlation between length at (2.5%) and length at (50%) for two sowing of planting and possitive correlation for The first sowing of planting between maturity ratio and length at (2.5%) , while the maturity perecentage characters had been correlated negatively with the strength character.

Experiment conducted in the field Secial for the Amiriyah 10 km south of Fallujah, Anbar, for the purpose of Some standards for plant growth, plant potato Solanum tuberosum L class Dezri after spraying different concentrations of organic fertilizers (Alga300, Cfors, Siptoll, Humate liquid, Algaton, Lili) for the variety Dezri Rank Elite conducted the spraying process homogeneous solutions of organic fertilizers on the shoot of the plant until wet, according to transactions after 45 and 60 and 75 days after planting for each fertilizer and by concentrations of each and the results showed the following outperformed treatment of organic fertilizer Humate liquid concentration of 4 ml / l to give the highest average length of the plant, which stood at 98.11 cm also increased the content of the leaves of chlorophyll up 49.91 units SPAD addition to the dry weight of the plant 95 g and the number of tubers 9 tuber / plant and holds plant per 1035 g and the rate of weight of potato 115 g for the same treatment in addition to giving the highest sum up the marketable as at 42 tons / ha and winning total 42.5 tones / ha and the percentage of dry matter was 19.86% and the percentage of starch 14.121% quality and density of 1.07832 g / cm 3

Study on the effect of irrigation with magnetization water and Chalet-iron Fertilization on growth and yield of cucumber in plastic house in Agriculture College Diyala University. Water was magnetized by two magnetic field level. Magnetization was applied by passing regular water through magnetron for one time. Magnetic Field two level were 1000 , 1500 gauses , as well as not magnetization as control , And three treatments were used 0 , 1, 2 grams chalet- iron fertilization / plant add To the soil. Watering plants with magnetic water and fertilization were increased plant Height , fruit number / plant , fruit yield / plant and chlorophyll percentage in leaves , Where as decreased the number of unset flowers / plant significantly compared with Watering plants with out magnetic water or with out fertilization in almost above characteristics . All of interactions between magnetized water and chalet- iron Treatments were significantly increased of all studied characteristics.

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Tikrit city during winter season 2010-2011 to assess the effect of four levels of Seaweed extracts Algamix (0 , 1.5 , 3 , 4.5) mlL and four levels of Atonik (0 , 1 , 2 , 3) mlL and their interaction. The experiment was factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. Results showed that was significant increment in vegetative growth and yield characters when Algamix sprayed (4.5 mlL) except the percentage of dry material of roots that surpassed as sprayed (3 mlL) , and there was non significant difference between all treatments on pods weight , pods length , number of grains and percentage of dry material in vegetative growth . For the treatment of spraying Atonik , the application (2 mlL) had the significant increment for most vegetative growth and yield characters except the numbers of pods that significant when used (1 mlL) , plant length and number of leaves significant when used (3 mlL) . While there were no significant difference between all treatments on weight , pod length and the number of grains on pods. For interaction , the application (4.5 mlL Algamix + 2 mlL Atonik) had the significant increment for all vegetative growth and yield characters except plant length and the percentage of dry materials of vegetative growth that significant as used (4.5 mlL Algamix + 3 mlL Atonik) and (4.5 mlL Algamix + 1 mlL Atonik) respectively..

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the exposure Period to the North or the South Pole of Magnetic field with extensity 200 mili tesla on growth and multiplication of Gardenia explants which cultured on MS medium. The explant exposed to period (0 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 40) day during multiplication stage and (0 , 2 , 10 , 14) day in rooting stage. The results shows that after 8 weeks of multiplication stage the treatment of 20 day exposure to the south magnetic pole produced a significant increase in number of shoots formation (10.2 shoot/explant), shoot length (13.4 cm) and explant fresh weight (1.26 g/explant) as compared with control treatment which gave 8.8 shoots/explant , 1.9 cm of shoot length and 0.85 g/explant of fresh weight. On the other hand the treatment of exposed to the north pole resulted in a significantly increase in no. of shoot (11.3) shoots in 10 day exposure and shoot length was 5.0 cm in 20 day exposure comparing with the control treatment which produce 8.8 shoots/ explant and 4.0 cm of shoot length. the study revealed that the explant exposed to the south pole for 2 days decreased of the necessary period to obtain 100 % of rooting percentage to half (2 weeks) as compared with control treatment (4 weeks), in addition to shoots expose for 6 and 10 days to the south magnetic pole which exhibited a significantly increase in root length (4.6 cm) for both treatments as compared with 3.2 cm in the control. However the exposure of shoots to the north magnetic pole field for 2 and 6 days affected significantly in root length (5.1 cm) and chlorophyll density (54.8) respectively, comparing with control treatment which gave root length 3.2 and 49.7 respectively.

A field experiment was condected during Agricultural Season 2008 to study inoculated Cucumber seed with Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp tow levels (with,non Cyanobacteria) and spray with seaweed extract four leavels (0,Seaforce 1.5ml/L ,Altra 1.5ml/L ,mixed of the tow seaweed mentioned 1.5ml/L each one of seaweeds) . We use RCBD with three riplication , The result show that the treatment of Cyanobacteria gave highest yield (8.17) ton/dunm. Treatment with Altra extract gave the highest content fruit from B.Caroten (16.18) mg/gm . The interaction between Cyanobacteria treatment and Spraying by Altra extract gave highest sexratio (0.40) .

The study was conducted at plastic-house of Horticulture Dept. Agriculture college – Tikrit University . from 09/11/2009 till 01/05/2010 on the Gladiolus plant Gladiolus x hortulanus variety white prosperity. We used the randomized block design with two factors , the first was the seaweed extracts (Energene 2.5 ml/L), (Marmarine 5 ml/L) and the second the plant extracts (licorice 2.5 g/L – Garlic 10 ml/L ) as well as control . the purpose of study knowing the response of vegetative growth and floral growth of plant .The results can be summarized as follows :- Spraying plants with seaweed Energene has significant increasing, the flowering, plant height which was 179.56 cm compared with control. Spraying with plant extract ( licorice , garlic) achieved increasing in plant height 193.16 , 193.18 cm and increasing simple leaf area or total leaves area by 9.11 – 9.45 % successively compared with control .-The treatment of Energene advanced the inflorescence emergence and the duration of yellow color emergence of first rosette in 0.85 – 1.08 , 0.69 days, successively compared with control .The Energene and Marmarine appear significant floral spike height which reached 128.03 cm and 127.42 cm for every one compared with less value 125.84 cm. recorded the treatment Garlic P2 increase significant in diameter first base rosette and number of flowers blooming in spike pink and dry weight of the raceme compared with the control treatment and an increase of 3.78, 2.26, 5.81%, respectively . the treatment P2S2 advanced the period of inflorescence emergence ,the period of first basal rosette emergence by 81.93 – 99.97 days successively compared with other treatments.

Abstract
Two groups of forest trees seeds , Cupressus sempervirens Var. pyramidalis & Faba oriantalis were magnetized and compared with non-magnetic ones in four factorial experiments under germination temperature ( 15 , 20 , 25 and 30 D. C., factors were: magnetized water and normal water ,float intervals 5 , 10 and 15 hours in addition to seed state to determine the influence of them on germination percent and germination speed and to choose the best temperature for these two types of seeds .Treating seeds was significant and can neglect treating water magnetically which showed significance with 15 and 30 D.C. but not with 25 and 30 D.C. floating period was significant along the experiment . Results showed a high significance for the germination percent property with means 58.80 , 53.29 , 41.60 and 17.93 according to temperature 15 , 20 , 25 and 30 D. C. Also , germination sped was with high significance with means 2.43 , 2.31, 3.53 and 1.69 days according to same sequence of temperature . Results showed that the high germination percent was under 15 C .All interactions were significant .

The best level of foam sulfur as well as chicken faeces, antagonistic plant(Tagetes Patula, long variety)and namacur nematicide was selected according to their effect on M. javanica and improving the growth of tomato plants in other to use their interactions as integrated control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on tomato plant under field conditions, The resulte of integrated control indicated that all interactions between these factors proved their highest efficacy in improving the growth of infected tomato "plants and increasing their yield", in addition to their highest effect in reducing nematode stages population in soil and tomato root, rate of nematode reproduction and severity. The efficacy of integrated control treatments increased with increasing the number of the interacting factors, so that the four-fold treatment (fourfold interaction) was the best in sterilized and non-sterilized soil, however, the bitretments (foam sulfur +chicken faeces) and (chicken faeces +nemacur) were the least effective treatment in sterilized and non-sterilized soil respectively.

Abstract
The results showed that there were significant differences in the numbers of the rust-red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum among dealings of the three treatments: 2, 3 and 4 pairs of the beetle / 0.5 kg flour, after a period of 3 months of infection, which was reflected on the properties of flour in general and when compared with uninfected sample in different qualities covered by the sensory evaluation form approved by the American Institute of baking showing a significant decrease of the loaf volume , specific volume and also taste, colour and smell of the pulp , chewing and textures in addition to colour of the crust . These pairs of the 3 treatments has produced large numbers of insect individuals : larvae and pupae and adults, resulted in 147, 268 and 316 individuals respectively , it was found that the size of loaf made from healthy flour sample increased than the size of the plant samples infected about 37.5%. For the color and crust appearance the healthy sample of dough showed 30-48 % exceeds than the infected samples. With respect to internal characteristics the color of the pulp, smell and taste surpassed the sound sample of 38.5% - 45.5%, 59-84% and 74-157% respectively. For the two recipe of chewing and strength 57-62% and 87-122 % for the three treatments. In total, the external and internal characteristic of the sample outperformed the sound samples infected by about 54% comparing with the 1st treatment till to 70 % for the 3rd treatment... As the proportion of gluten of samples infected weak compared amounted to treatment the first 25% and for the second 23% and the third 22%, while in comparison, 32%, resulting in recipes desirable loaf manufactured from the infected flour of the three treatments.

Abstract
Field experiment was conducted in the research farm of soil & water sciences department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, to study the effects of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers on the Iron, zinc availability of in the soil (Calciorthid) ant Lentil Yield (Lens culinaris) using RCBD design was used. The experiment involved two levels of inoculation (mixture inoculants of three rhizobial strains Le719, Le726 and Le735 , from Rhizobium Leguminosarum ), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, and 80 kg N/H) added as urea (46% N), and three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg P/H) as super phosphate and their combination on the availability of Iron and Zinc in soil (Calciorthid). Samples of soils were taken at three interval times (75,105, 137 days) after planting, Fe and Zn were analysis beside the Lentil yield was taken. The main results could be summarized as following Generally lentil plant responded positively and a significant increases was found in the seeds yield to addition of the biofertilizer (inoculated with Rhizobium Leguminosarum ) for all treatments. A significant increases was found in availability of Iron and Zinc in the soil at three interval times (75,105, 137 days) after planting epically in Rhizobial inoculation treatments. The best Nutritional balance and higher yield was obtained from the combination of the Rhizobial inoculation and N,P fertilizers treatment (inoculated with rhizobia + 80 kg P/H + 80 kg N/H).

Abstract
The objective of present investigation was to study the kinetics of Ca + Mg – minerals dissolution from calcareous soils of north Iraq and to compute diffusion coefficient rates in soils. Therefore. a laboratory procedure was conducted to evaluate the rate of water quality to release the exchange and mineral dissolution from miscible displacement experiments on undistributed soil columns. Soil columns collected from three sites at North Jazera project (Rabia City) Mosul governorate. Water quality (EC. SAR 0.4. 10.45. 2.07 and 7.05) allowed to flow in the columns until Pv10. The results showed a high amount of mineral – dissolution (Ca + Mg) (0 – 725) Cmole.Kg while a low amount release from exchange phase (0 – 636) Cmole.Kg-1. The results also reflected to high mineral dissolution amount by well water also a low amount of dissolution noticed by river water (Tigris river). A mineral – dissolution amounts were described kinetically by using five different models and equations (zero order. first order. parabolic diffusion. Elovichand power equations). Pathway reaction was consisted from two stages along to period of reaction. parabolic diffusion equation gave a best description of Mineral – dissolution release – and there were some deviation. There was same deviation in diffusion plots during the initial period of description it indicated that diffusion – controlled exchange at sites an external surface and slowly mineral dissolution high rate coefficients of Ca + Mg release where (0 – 592. 0-708. and 1461 × 10-4 mg.kg-1.t1/2 in Alkana and Botha and Till Talb respectively that irrigated by well water . while the low values were (0.238. 0.262 and 473 × 10-4) for Botha. Till Talb and Alkana soils respectively after irrigated by river water (Tigris river)

Abstract
A study carried out to give vegetable farmers good information about levels of foliar fertilization on vegetable croups in greenhouse at Balarouze/ Diayla province which related by such independent factors with foliar fertilization recommendation. The study had been 35 farmers chooses randomly by 65% ratio from all of vegetable farmers from total of 54 which examined by personal meeting. The study revealed that those farmers are facing little information about levels of these operations to get ready for applying this technique. Also showed there was positive significantly correlation between levels of information of the fertilization and each of independent factors of: The age, studying stage, number of years of using fertilization, information sources According to the findings intensive extension efforts has to be taken in order to come over problem that aregreenhouse facing every day. The aim of the study was to determined the knowledge level of vegetable farmers in greenhouses at recommendation Foliar Fertilization at baladruze district/Diyala province, and to determine it in each domain, and investigate the relation of its with some independent variables, diagnose the most problem facing vegetable farmers in greenhousesfor using Foliar Fertilization . The research included (35) farmers as a random sample from the population of research. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data using interview methods. The result was found that knowledge level of vegetable farmers in greenhouses was medium, and below in number of fertilization domain. Appositive significant correlation with (0.05) between level knowledge and all of independent variable studied included. The most important problem facing the farmers were depend on farmers knowledge for doing the Foliar Fertilization is low of sources of written extension information. The research recommended the interest of greenhouse farmers with provide their with applied Extension agricultural information about Foliar Fertilization, and to remedy the problem causes already mention.

Although several methods have been exist for genomic DNA extraction from blood or animal tissues samples traditionally, most of these methods consume long time and using expensive chemicals such as proteinase K and toxic organic solvent such as phenol. On the other hand, there is no rapid, simple one method for the extraction of genomic DNA from blood and animal tissues samples in the same time. Since the objective of this study was to development easy modified method for DNA extraction from difference mammalian tissues such as fresh or frozen whole blood, kidney, liver, heart and muscles in the same time. The description modified method have many advantages, reducing the time, using inexpensive materials, no phenol, in addition to small amount of mammalian tissue is required 50-100 mg and 2 ml from whole blood. Genomic DNA were obtained high molecular weight and good quality, shown by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophtometric analysis. These results shown that the modified method is simple, fast, safe, most economical, resulting in a high molecular genomic DNA of good quality from several mammalian tissues and can be used in medical laboratories and research centers.

This study was conducted at the field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, during season 2009-2010 to performance of seven durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes namely (Semeto , Um rabeea, Acsad 65 ,Dour 85, Cresto, Sham3 Cocareet S17 ),were planted under Duhok condition using a Randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant difference was observed among the genotypes for all traits. The results revealed that the genotypes Semeto was surpass for flag leaf area, number of tiller /plant and 1000 grain weight and give high grain yield. The 1000grain weight gave positive and significant correlation with grain yield, No. of tiller/plant while the spike length gave appositive and significant related with No.of tiller /plant, flag leaf area and plant height.

Abstract
Two field experiment were conducted at AL-Quba district- Mosul city during two successive growing seasons of 2010: spring and autumn in a sandy loam soil to study the effect of zinc foliar application and addition of phosphorus fertilizer to the soil on growth characters, yield components and quality of some sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiment carried out according to the factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design, consisting of three concentrations of zinc (0, 4, 8 mg.L-1) and three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0,100 and 200 kg P.ha-1) added as tricalcium superphosphate (48% P2O5) with three sunflower hybrids (Pheobus, Iraqi flower and Euroflor). The results showed that the foliar application of the zinc on plant leaves with concentration 8 mg.L-1 lead to a significant increased in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, head diameter, no. of seeds.head-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, protein percentage and protein yield in spring and autumn seasons. The addition of phosphorus fertilizer to the soil with the level 100 kg.ha-1 lead to a significant increase in all parameters in both seasons except stem diameter in autumn season. The Iraqi flower hybrid gave a high values for all studied characters in seasons spring and autumn seasons. The interaction between zinc × phosphorus fertilizer level gave a significant increases on the following characters: leaf area, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil and protein yield in spring and autumn seasons. The interaction among three factors led to a significant effect on following characters: head diameter, no. of seeds.head-1 and seed yield in spring season only..

Two field experiments were conducted in two research sites one on a clay soil at Wasit Governorate and the other on a sandy loam soil at Kirkuk Governorate, to study the response of corn crop to foliar potassium application. Trials at the two sites included four levels of potassium 0, 21, 42 and 63 kg K ha-1 applied in six split foliar applications. Results of the two sites indicated that potassium fertilization had significant effect on dry matter and grain yields. Foliar potassium application at the rate of 63 Kg K ha-1 increased dry matter yield from 8213 (for control) to 10293 kg ha-1 (an increase of 25 %) for Wasit Site and from 3923 to 5425 Kg ha-1(an increase of 38 %) for Kirkuk site. Grain yield increased at the rate of 63 kg K ha-1 from 4667 (for control) to 9520 kg ha-1 with an increase of 104% at Wasit Site and from 6424 to 8473 kg ha-1 (with an increase of 32%) for Kirkuk site. Fertilizers productivity ranged between32.4 to 49.6 kg grain Kg-1 K fertilizer and 3.7 to 13.7 kg grain kg-1 K fertilizer applied for Wasit and Kirkuk sites respectively.