Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The study was aimed to compare between three different routes of administration for immunization of white mice (Balb/c) with hatching fluid of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina eggs against the experimental infection with T.cati and T.leonina.
Results showed a significant difference between mean values of larvae recovered from immunized mice compared to control. The immunization efficiencies that resulted from the different injection routes ranged from 56.25% in mice immunized subcutaneously with hatching fluid of T.canis eggs against experimental infection with T.cati eggs to 68.18% in mice immunized intraperitonially. Mice immunized with T.canis against T.leonina had an efficiency ranged from 61.22% when they immunized intraperitonially to 67.34 % when they immunized subcutaneously. The immunization efficiency in mice injected with T.leonina against T.cati was ranged from 42.61% when they immunized subcutaneously to 46.87% when they immunized intraperitonially.
Mice immunized with T.leonina against the experimental infection with the same worm had an immunization efficiency ranged from 62.75% when immunized intraperitonially to 65.05% when immunized subcutaneously.
It was concluded that the intraperitonial route is more efficient to stimulate immunity against T.cati, while subcutaneous route against T.leonina. In addition immunization by hatching fluid of T.canis is better than T.leonina against experimental infection with T.cati.

This survey was intend to discover the presence of Branhamella ovis bacteria in the intact eyes of calves, the survey includes collection of 50 eye swabs from 50 calves between 3-7 months from different places of Wasit governorate in 2005 between January and the mid of March, the laboratory investigation results reveal presence of Branhamella ovis in (17) calves (34%) and the rest of the calves were have negative results.

The study was conducted on AL- Thirthar farms in order to study the effect of addition of Biotronic SE (organic acids and organic salts) to the diet on performance of laying chicks (ISA Brown), that contains different levels of barley from one day old to 20 weeks of age.
Four hundred and five chicks were used in this experiments. Chicks were divided into 9 treatments, each treatment with three replication (15 bird/ replicate). The Biotronic SE was added in a quantity of 0, 1, 2 kg/ton diet, with factorial arrangement of three levels of barley 12, 22 and 32 % of diet.
The result showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the body weight at 3, 10 and 20 weeks of age with 32% barley in the diet and at age 10 and 20 weeks with 22% barley in diet, and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in feed intake with increasing levels of barley up to 12% in the diet at period 0 – 3 weeks of age .
Also it has been observed that there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in quantity of feed intake at period 4 – 10, 11 – 17 and 18 -20 weeks of age with 22, 32% of barely in diet and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio at period 0 – 3 weeks of age with level 22% of barley in the diet and at period 18-20 weeks of age with 22 and 32% of barley in the diet .
It has been observed that addition of Biotronic SE in the diet at 2 kg/ton increase significantly (P<0.01) in body weight of birds at all ages with increase (P<0.01) in feed intake at period 0-3 weeks of age and at period 4–10 weeks of age, with improvement (P<0.01) in feed conversion ratio at period 0–3 and 18 – 20 weeks f age.
The relationships between the barley and the additive feed, was the increase significantly (P<0.01) in body weight at all of age to the treatments adding to it Biotronic SE in 2 kg/ton with 12 and 32% of barely feed in the diet at all ages and with level 22% of barley in the diet at 3 and 20 weeks of age.
Also a significant (P<0.01) increase in feed intake for the treatments containing 22% barley with the diet having Biotronic SE in a rate of 2 kg/ton at periods 0-3, 4-10 and 11-17 weeks and the treatment with level 32% barley with Biotronic SE in a rate of 2 kg/ ton at period 4-10 weeks of age and significant(P<0.01) in feed conversion ratio at period 0- 3 and 18-20 weeks for the treatments containing different levels of barley with Biotronic SE in a rate of 2kg/ ton. It was concluded from this study that the capability of the use of barley levels with greater than 12% in diet was increase significantly (P<0.01) in feed intake and a significant decreasing (P<0.01) in feed conversion ratio and body weight of bird. It has been observed that addition of Biotronic SE in a rate of 2kg/ton of feed increase significantly (P<0.01) in body weight with different levels of barley in diet and feed intake with level 22% of barley in diet and improvement in feed conversion ratio at periods 0-3 and 18-20 weeks of age with different levels of barley .No significant differences in mortality percentage between different treatments.

This study was conducted in poultry farm belong college of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University. The objective of this study was to know the possibility supplementation plant protein with vitamins, minerals and methionine (premix) at different levels (0, 2.25, 2.75 and 3.25)% and to know its effects on egg quality traits. So four treatments were obtained with 5 replicate (3 bird/ replicate) for each sixty ISA Brown Layers were used in this study witch lasted for three periods (February- April). The duration of each period was 28 day.
The results of this study indicated there's no significant differences in weight, thickness of shell, Albuminc high, Surface area of egg and blood spots. The results showed T2 higher significant in specific gravity and shell weight per unit surface area (SWUSA). The results obtained higher T4 than other treatments in shape Index and Haugh unit.

The present study was conducted in tow sheep breeding stations (Al- Radhwania and Al-Latifia) which are situated in areas around Baghdad. This study included two experiments conducted on 627 ewes of 2-9 years old.
The first experiment was conducted in Al-Radwania farm for sheep breeding and included 308 ewes during the period from June 2000 to May 2001. The fertile rams were introduced to ewes at tow regular intervals (about three estrous cycles). The pregnancy diagnosis was done using ultrasound technique after one month from the time of isolation of fertile rams, and 36 nonpregnant ewes were isolated.
The second experiment was conducted in Al-Latifia breeding farm and included 319 ewes. Fertile rams were continuously run with ewes. Three pregnancy diagnoses for ewes were carried out at a period of one month. At the end of this experiment, 90 nonpregnant ewes were isolated.
The results of the present study reveled that the rate of fertility, abortion and barrenness for Al- Radhwania and Al-Latifia breeding farms reached 75.12, 4.78 and 24.88% respectively. The results also showed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the parameters of breeding efficacy (fertility rate, abortion rate, fertilization rate and barrenness rate) between the two farms.

The study was aimed to isolate types of candida from vagina of ewes in fallouja city.
The vaginal swabs from 24 adult ewes were collected and subjected to fungal culture and biochemical tests to isolate and differentiate various species of candida C.albicanus , C. krusei , and C. tropicalis were isolated from 33.33 %, 20.83 % and 29.16 % respectively.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant increase (P≤0.01) in percentage isolation of candida. Spp in ewes more than or equal to 4 years in comparison with ewes less than 4 years age.

Two different methods of recovery, aspiration and slicing were used for harvesting the oocytes of ovine ovaries. The aim was to determine an efficient method for oocyte harvesting and its effect on subsequent in vitro maturation. The average percentage of oocytes recovered by methods was significantly higher (p<0.05) by slicing (84.60± 1.01) than by the aspiration method (67.60 ± 1.37). However, the percentage of good quality mature oocytes was higher in the aspiration method (40.57 ± 0.90) as compared with slicing methods (37.40 ± 0.27). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two methods.
It was concluded from present work that the method of harvesting oocytes from ovaries in slaughter house effect on recovery and the maturation of the oocyte in sheep.

The experiment was design to show the effects of the follicular size on percent of collection of Oocyte and maturation. From abattoir , 1440 sheep ovaries were collected at different stages of oestrus cycle. The oocytes were incubated at 5% Co2, Temperature 39cº and with humidity of 90% for 24hr.
The result showed a high significant difference (p<0.05) between the large follicles (<2.5mm) and small follicles (>2mm) in percentage of oocyte recovery (67.02± 2.2 viz 64.18± 7.5) respectively and percentage of oocyte maturation (44.5± 2.07 viz 39.3± 8.5) respectively.
It was concluded that the size of follicles could be affect the percent of oocyte recovery and maturation in vitro

The Study was conducted on (51) Awassi ewes (1.5- 3 years old). The ewes divided into three groups, each group with 17 ewes. The Animals were fed different levels of treated corn cobs (0-5-10%).
Blood samples were collected monthly by jugular vein puncture. The plasma was drawn off by Centrifugation to determine the enzymatic activity of the enzymes trans amino (Alanine Transaminases AL.T and Aspartate Transaminase AS.T) and lactate dehydrogenase (L.DH.) in ewes fed treated corn cobs.
The measurement of enzymatic activity showed no significant difference in AL.T activity in different groups.
Significant decrease (p<0.05) in level of AS.T. enzyme at fourth month of the experiment period in the third group compared to that of first and second groups.
Significant increase (p<0.05) in level of L.D.H. enzyme at third month in the third group compared to that of first and second groups.
It was concluded that feeding the Awassi ewes on the concentrate feed of corn cobs at a level of(10%) without undesirable effects.

The study was aimed to calculate the morbidity rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis, estimation of specificity and sensitivity of California Mastitis test for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, and isolation of the fungi– causing clinical and subclinical mastitis in 80 milk samples collected from 41 adult lactating ewes in Al – Fallouja city.
The sensitivity and specificity of California Mastitis Test were reached to 78.79 % and 87.18% respectively. The study revealed that 10% of mammary glands (14.63 % of ewes) were infected by clinical mastitis, while the subclinical mastitis appeared in 41.25% of mammary glands (60.98 % of ewes).
The clinical mycotic mastitis was appeared in 5% of mammary glands (9.76% of ewes), where Candida albicans was isolated from 2 mammary glands , while each of Aspergillus terreus and Blastomyces dermatitidis were isolated from one gland affected by clinical mastitis.
The subclinical mycotic mastitis was appeared in 18.75% of mammary glands (26.83% of ewes), where C. albicans, penicillium spp, Gliocladium spp, Aspergillus niger, terreus .A, A. fumigates, A. flavus and Blastomyces dermatitidis were isolated from 4,2,2,2,2,1,1 and 1 mammary gland respectively.
It is concluded from this study that the morbidity rate of mastitis , especially the mycotic mastitis have a continuous increments due to default sanitation and retrogression of health and nutritional status of sheep in Iraq

Three hundred and sixty serum samples were collected from sheep in Rutba and examined with Rose- Bengal test to investigate Brucellosis in sheep. The study revealed that 17.5% (63/360) showed positive reaction.
From 20 aborted ewes, 2( 10%) was showed positive reaction while,18 (90%) showed negative results.
Out of 272 ewes, 51(18.75%) samples are positive, while the remainder 221(81.25%) seem to be negative. In rams, 10 (14.7%) out of 68 samples are positive While the remainder were negative. It was concluded that the morbidity rate of brucellosis in Rutba's sheep are higher than those in other areas in Iraq.

Propolis is a sticky resinous material collected by honey bee workers from buds and other parts of the plants, it have various biological activities as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, anesthetics effect and immunostimulant properties. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of local propolis extract against Listeria monocytogenes in vitro ,the result showed sensitivity of Listeria to different concentrates of extract that used in this study (50,100,150,200 mg\ml),the activity of extract increased with the increasing the concentration of the extract .By using the agar well diffusion method, the highest diameter of bacterial growth inhibition for the ethanolic extract of propolis was 25.4±0.8 mm by using 200mg\ml and the lowest diameter was 19.5±0.4 mm for the concentrate 50 mg\ml.
Statically analysis showed present a significant increase under 0.05 for 200mg\ml on each Ampcillin, cloxacilln, tetracycllin, while no significant changes was record for each Gentamicine and amoxicillin.
The result indicate that the MIC and MBC of the ethanolic extract of propolis on Listeria monocytogens was 4 mg\ml and 10 mg\ml respectively.

The study was aimed to detect the morbidity rate of Trichuris vulpis in stray dogs in Al-Diwania and Baghdad cities from beginning of March till end of June, 2006.
146 fecal samples were examined, in addition to the clinical examination of the dogs.
The total morbidity rate was reach to 34.9%, and severe mucoid haemorragic diarrhea was observed in the infected dogs, with severe emaciation and paleness of mucous membrane.
The morbidity rate of female was reached to 38.9% while it was reached to 27.4% in male.
The average of measurements of eggs was ranged between 35X42-75X90 micrometer.
Al-Bendazol was appeared as an effective drug for treatment of dogs infected with Adults T. vulpis.

This research aims to explore the in vitro antitumor activity of the compound hydroxy urea (synthesized in the laboratory).Two cell lines were used, the first from epidermal larynx and the second from mammary glands of mice.
The cytotoxic effect of this compound started with Initial concentration (62.5 μg/ml) for the cell line of larynx but started at higher concentration (125 μg/ml) for the cell lines of mammary gland, and the activity Increases with concentration and time which means it is concentration and time dependant .It was cocluded from this study that the toxicity of hydroxy urea increased with increasing the concentration and time of exposure.

This experiment was conducted at the poultry house / Department of Animal Resources / College of Agriculture, University of Al - Sulaymania during the period from 1/8/2007 to 1/6/2008 to investigate the effect of different intensities of magnetically treated water on semen traits of roosters. A total of 80 Hy – Line Brown cocks, 22 weeks old were used in this experiment. Cocks were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups of 4 replicates each. Each treatment group constitutes 20 cocks with 5 cocks for each replicate. Experimental treatments included in this experiment were: Treatment 1: roosters drank magnetically treated water which passed through magnetic device with strength of 500 gauss, treatment 2: roosters drank magnetically treated water which passed through magnetic device with strength of 1000 gauss, treatment 3: roosters drank magnetically treated water which passed through magnetic device with strength of 2000 gauss, and treatment 4: roosters drank normal water without magnetism which considered as control group. Semen traits included in this experiment were: ejaculate volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, spermatozoa concentration, spermatocrit, and percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities.
Results revealed that treated the cocks with magnetically treated water resulted in highly significant (p < 0.01) increase as regards the total means of ejaculate volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, spermatozoa concentration, and spermatocrit and highly significant (p < 0.01) decrease with relation to the total means of percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities. However, T3 (2000 Gauss) recorded the best results with respect to all semen traits included in this experiment.
It could be concluded from the results of this experiment that treated the cocks with magnetically treated water resulted in significant improvement in reproductive performance of cocks as indicated by great improvement concerning all semen characteristics involved in this experiment. Therefore, magnetized water technique can be used as one of important tools for enhancing the reproductive efficiency of roosters.

The Study was conducted on (15) Awassi ewes aged 1.5- 3 years, period from April 2001 to November 2001 in Dep. Animal Production in Iraqi Atomic Energy Association. Blood samples were collected monthly by jugular vein puncture. The Blood were treated with heparin as ant coagulate. The average of the chromosomal deviations and mitotic index was determined at the end of experiment.
The karyotype technique was used to study the chromosomal structure of ewes to detective the chromosomal aberration.
The results of the study revealed that there were no significant difference in chromosomal deviations and mitotic index in different animals.

This study was conducted on 220 chickens data progeny of 24 sire and 144 dam of white Leghorn was used. The aim of this study was to search for many egg, serum biochemicals and production characteristics ( yolk & serum cholesterol, first egg weight, egg production, egg weight and egg mass), in addition to study an age effects (24 & 28 wks) on egg cholesterol, then genetic parameters were compute. Results obtained showed that the yolk cholesterol mean was 16.56 ± 0.13 (mg./ gm. Yolk), result showed no significant effect of age on yolk cholesterol, in addition results showed low to intermediate heritability values, but genetics and phenotypic trend to be high significant values in the majority.