Kirkuk Journal of Science

Field observations and assessment of rock slope stability in selected sites in Anah
monocline, West of Iraq, revealed the presence of different types of slope failure. The
distribution and abundance of failure types are related to different discontinuity patterns
in various structural positions within the asymmetrical Anah monocline. This is the first
study that relates failure types to the structural position in a major fold. This relationship
was observed all over the monocline area and confirmed by studying four stations along
a traverse normal to the fold axis. The study revealed that wedge sliding is relatively
common in the northern limb of Anah monocline whose dip angle is(35) with
conjugate shear joints (S2) whose intersection lines plunge downdip.The plane sliding is
prevailing in the hinge area with conjugate shear joints (S1) whose intersection lines are
parallel to the hinge of the fold. Toppling failure is relatively dominant in the southern
limb whose dip angle is less than (5)with two pairs of vertical orthogonal joints (F1,
F2, and F3, F4) which are normal to the bedding planes. Rockfall was almost equally
abundant in all structural positions which indicates no structural position influence on it.
The concluded relationships are attributed to the dependence of most failure types on
the discontinuity pattern, which is in turn, largely influenced by the structural position,
in addition to the relationship between the discontinuities and the slope face.

The aim of this study is to investigate a procedure for the analysis and design of
reinforced concrete walls (back and two sides) as part of the structure to resist internal
blast pressure. The effect of the blast pressure on the strength, serviceability, ductility,
energy absorption capacity of reinforced concrete members (back and two side walls)
and their behavior has been studied. This evaluation will specify the required thickness
of the two side walls and back walls as part of the structure in addition to the quantity,
shape and connection mechanism of steel reinforcement. To achieve the goal of this
study, all the variables can be evaluated, experimental program was set up. It was
intended to carry out a field test for the structure (box room) which is made of
reinforced concrete having the internal dimensions of 3.3m*3.3m*2.6m (10.82
*10.82*8.52) ft. with strip footing having the dimensions 0.53m (1.76 ft). width and
0.54m (1.8 ft). thickness. The structure was subjected to a blast pressure due to a charge
of weight 1.5kg (3.31 ib). for a recommended degree of protection in terms of ductility
ratio = 2.00 .The objective of the test was justified since no scabbing at all was
observed. It was found that the thickness 25cm (0.82 ft). for side walls and back wall
can keep all the outside individuals, equipment and buildings safe and away from the
danger of fire and fragmentation during the period of blast pressure. Good agreement
was found to exit between the theoretical and the experimental results.

Sixty five cutting samples from Dokan and Gulneri Formations in three subsurface
sections from Khabbaz, Jambour and Taq-Taq oil fields at Northern Iraq have been
selected to be studied optically and analytically from Palynofacies points of view. Four
palynofacies types have been determined depending on the ratio of the existed
palynomorphs, phytoclasts, amorphous and opaque organic materials. The suggested
paleoenvironment of deposition for Dokan and Gulneri Formations is seems to be
deposited in proximal to distal shelf environment and that depending on the ratio of the
palynomorphs, amorphous and phytoclasts to each other. The optical examination of the
organic matter revealed the slightly mature to mature condition of the organic matter
(TAI between 3 and +3). The GC analysis also supported such a maturity condition as
the Pr/Ph ratio for the studied sections was greater than 1 while the Carbon Preference
Index (CPI) less than 1. TOC values of different depths have been determined and types
of amorphous organic matter from their ability to hydrocarbon potential also pointed out
optically. By connecting between maturity stage, quality and quantity of the organic
matters in the Formations of Dokan and Gulneri in the studied sections a number of oil
and condensate-wet gas zones have been detected at certain depths of each section.

Twenty one samples of surface soils were collected in Haweja area of Kirkuk, Iraq.
From the samples analysis the following heavy metal concentration (range) were
obtained (in ppm): Mn(401-722), Cu(23-42), Zn(32-62), Co(30-43), V(28-60), Ni(110-
189), Cr(270-360), Zr(110-212) and Fe ( in wt %)(0.85-2.27).
The results indicate that, in comparison with Kirkuk soils, surface soils in Haweja
area have elevated metal concentration as a whole, except those of Cobalt and
Vanadium. R-mode factor analysis reveals three elements associations and two singular
elements (Co, Zr), accounting for 86.92% of the total data variance. The three
associations are: Zn-Cu; Mn-Fe and V-Cr. The geoaccumulation indices show that
surface soils in Haweja area are unpolluted to slightly polluted.

Half diallel crosses (excluded reciprocals) carried out among nine upland cotton
varieties (Halab1, SP8886, Dunn1517, Cocker5114, Deltapine5409, Lachata,
Dunn1047, Cocker310 and Deer22). Genotypes were planted using RCBDesign with 3
replications and data collected for ginning outturn, lint index, fiber finness, 50% &
2.5% span length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength and elongation, and statistical
analysis conducted to study general and specific abilities, gene action and some
genetical parameters. The results showed significant differences among genotypes for
all characters unless fiber finness and 2.5% span length.The varieties Halab90 and
SP8886 and hybrid (Lachata x Dunn1047) shown as good general combnors and
specific combinor respectively for larger number of characters. The dominance gene
action appeared more important than additive one in controlling the inheritance of all
studied characters, and the average degree of dominance exceeded one for all characters
indicated the presence of over dominance. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged
from 38.9% for fiber finnessto 97.3% for fiber elongation, and narrow sense heritability
shown moderate for fiber elongation (28.7%)and low for remainder characters, while
expected genetic advanceas percent of the mean appeared low for all characters (from
0.021 for 50% span length to 7.21% for fiber elongation).

This investigation included the determination of some trace elements Zn, Cu, and
Fe in the blood serum by flame-atomic absorption spectrometry after finding the
optimum conditions for the estimation which involve the wave length, spectral band,
lamp current, the burner width and the burner height.The concentration of zinc in the
blood serum of the patients with hyperthyroidism was in the range of (0.596-0.681mg.l1
) which was lower than that of control concentration range (0.801-0.850mg.l-1
) whereas
for the patients with hypothyroidism was (0.601-0.748mg.l-1
).The concentration of
cupper in the patients with hyperthyroidism was higher range (0.93-1.12mg.l-1
) than that
of average concentrations in control (0.85-0.86mg.l-1
) but decreased in the patients with
hypothyroidism in the range of (0.77-0.83mg.l-1
).The concentration of iron in the serum
was increased in the patients with hyperthyroidism (0.97-1.03mg.l-1
) and in the patients
with Hypothyroidism (0.80-0.91mg.l-1
) comparing with control concentrations (0.90-
0.95mg.l-1
).The concentration linear range was (4-0.5) mg.l-1
and correlation coefficient
( r ) was not less than 0.984. The statistical and other analytical results show that the
relative standard deviation RSD% for trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe) were (2.4, 1.5, 2.3)
and detection limits were (0.0063, 0.0087, 0.0093)mg.l-1
respectively with percent
recovery ranged between (95.0-100)%. The results obtained by this research give a good
explanation for the spread of thyroid disease in middle and south of Iraq.

Eight varieties of durum wheat (Leeds, Waha, Um Rabie5, Azegar1, Um Rabie3,
Brashua, Cyprus1 and Korfila) and their half diallel crosses were used in this study to
construct several selection indices and calculate the gains expected in the yield. It was
revealed that the selection index constructed from plant yield, number of spikes plant,
number of tillers and harvest index had the highest increase in the efficiency (5.75%) as
compared with direct selection for yield. This indicate that a selection index based on
combination of characters, including yield, would have an advantage of practical
significance over selection based on yield only. This index considered the superior due
to it’s high efficiency and constructed of lowest number of characters. By the estimation
of the eight varieties selection index values, it was found that Um Rabie5 had the best
value, then Um Rabie3 and Azegar1 consequently

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or sedimentation rate is a measure of the
settling of red blood cells in a tube of blood during one hour. The rate is an indication of
inflammation and increases in many diseases. A comparative study between the
standard Westergren and a new automated method for the determination of erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) was performed on 60 individual subjects. From this study, the
comparison-of-methods plot automated method (Y) and VS Westergren method (X)
gave the least square linear regression equation of Y=1.0753 X+ 0.4594 (r=0.9761) .
Precision analysis gave a coefficient of variation below 3%. At present the new
automated method seems to be an effective and safe technique for determination of the
erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The pots study was conducted during summer season of 2005 at the Field of
Agriculture College - Sulaimani University to compare the influence of different
application durations of growth regulator (Atonik) on two varieties of cotton (Lachata &
Gedera236) which sown in pots in factorial experiment using CRD design with three
replications. The result indicated that Gedera236 was surpassed significantly on Lachata
variety in plant height and leaf area, While Lachata was gave a less number of non
opened bolls with significant differences and there was no significant differences among
the two varieties for the remainder characters. Significant differences were observed for
the different durations of growth regulator application. Atonik application treats (after
one month of Germination, at 10% flowering and at boll set stage) were surpassed the
control and seed embedded treat in Atonik for 24 hrs. in most studied characters.
There was Significant interaction between varieties and Atonik application duration
treats, Gedera236 at boll set stage was found to be superior in plant height, for the other
characters (No. of fruit, branches, opened boll No., leaf area, chlorophyll percent, seed
cotton yield and lint cotton, cotton yield and seed weight) Lachata has registered the
highest mean value at boll set stage application. For ginning outturn the highest values
was registered for Gedera236 during the application of Atonik at the beginning of
flowering stage.

The lattice specific heat ,CL, and Debye temperatures , θD(o),of the rare earth
metals with nickle compounds (RENi5) have been estimated at low temperatures
(T<30K) by scaling results of the specific heat of the non-magnetic compound LaNi5.
The magnetic specific heats,Cm, and the magnetic entropy,Sm, in some magnetic RENi5
compounds have also been recalculated and compared with the other published results.

The effect of chemical and physical properties of the soil on aggregate stability were
studied. Fourteen pedons had been selected from Sulaimany and Kirkuk
governarate.The correlation (linear regression) between aggregate stability and the
chemical and physical properties were applied. The organic carbon contents are
significantly correlated with aggregate stability in the surface horizons (R
2
=0.89, n=14),
while this correlation is weaker with total clay content and free iron oxide
(R
2
=o.29,n=14) and (R2
=0.21,n=14) respectivily. The results also indicated that the total
calcium carbonate are not correlated with aggregate stability for both surface and
subsurface horizons. Generally for subsurface horizons, all the cementing agents are not
correlated with aggregate stability.

The material presented in this paper is the foundation for neural network
architectures that can perform (Solving linear equations using matrix splitting for
iterative discrete-time methods in neural networks).As announced a neural network
consists of many inter connected processing elements (neurons or nodes), I can begins
with the presentation of a particular neural network is dependent on the training phase
(specifically the training data used). Matrix splitting solved in several preprocessing
methods. Many times it’s necessary to processes the training data to extract important
features from the data can be used to train the network instead of the “raw” data. The
preprocessing of the training data can therefore, improve the performance of the neural
network. Then, the convergence is achieved using the Richardson and Gauss-Seidel
methods, respectively. The same termination criterion was used for both these methods
in order to properly compare all the results we see that the SOR iterative method gives
the best results, that is, the fastest convergence. Comparing the SOR results with the
next-best results (Gauss-Seidel,
 1
); we see that the SOR method is about 10 times
faster.

In this paper a new class of self-scaling VM-algorithms for nonlinear
optimization are investigated. Some theoretical results are given on the scaling
strategies that guarantee the global and super linear convergence of the new proposed
algorithms. Numerical evidence on thirty two well-known nonlinear test functions is
generally encouraging.

We perform group classification of one class of nonlinear wave equations with two
independent variables and one dependent variable. It is shown that there is one, six
nonlinear wave equations admitting (invariant) under one–and two–dimensional Lie
algebras, respectively.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study some properties of pre--open
sets,and study a new class of spaces, called
p
-regular space. Determine some
properties of
p
-regularity and compare with other types of regular spaces.