Kirkuk Journal of Science

The factors affecting the rate of addition of benzyl radical )
Ph-CH2
)
to
monosubstituted and 1,1- disubstituted ethenes were investigated. Benzyl
radical was shown to be uncleophilic behavior as indicated by increasing its
rate of addition to alkenes with decreasing electron density of un
substituted carbon of the alkenes.

A study was completed to compare flow parameters over a modified ogee-crested
spillway which represent an existing project (Al-Dhuloyia Spillway) using a physical
model and existing literature. The physical model was constructed by wood with
smoothness surface and placed in a test flume. Pressure taps were installed along the
entire length of the spillway. Discharge and pressure data were recorded for 10 different
flow conditions. Data interpolated from U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers design monographs provided discharge and pressure data from the
literature. Non dimensional discharge curves are used to compare the results for both
physical model and those of literature. Pressures are compared at low, mid, and high
flow conditions. Also water surface profile for Al-Dhuloyia Spillway was compared
with those of literature and for different discharge condition. It is shown that there is
reasonably good agreement between the physical and that those for literature for
pressures, discharges and water surface profile.

The study was performed on 50 urine specimens of patients with chronic renal
failure ,in addition to the 92 healthy specimens as a control group. The results of the
study revealed that Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) activity of chronic renal failure
patients urine shows a highly significant increase (p<0.0001) compared to healthy
subjects. Alanine aminopeptidase was purified from urine patients with chronic renal
failure and healthy subjects by gel filtration using sephadex G-50, and two isoenzyms of
(AAP) I, II were separated from patients urine using anion exchanger (DEAEsephdexA-50).

An oil sample from the Tertiary reservoir in the well BH-22 in Bai –Hassan Oil Field,
Northern Iraq has been analyzed by the means of GC and GC/MS. The identified
biomarkers and the stable carbon isotopes indicated a low salinity marine carbonate
depositional environment for the precursor organic matters of the oil. CPI, 20S/
(20S+20R) C29ST, ββS/ (ββS+ααR) C29ST and other maturity biomarkers showed a
moderately mature oil. Non effect of biodegradation has been found out from the ratios of
P1, P2, and P3 and from the absence of 25-Norhopane biomarker. A Star diagram has
been drawn for the analyzed oil sample as a finger print using C9 – C20 alkanes.

Six freshwater species of fishes have been subjected to parasitological investigation,
which were collected from water in different urban area of Al-tamim governorate. The
results revealed the presence of four species of helminthes; include one species of
cestoda(Bothriocephalus gowokensis) collected from Cyprinus carpio and Aspiux
vorax( with the rate 2.9 %and 25% respectively); one species of nematoda (Cucullanus
cyprini) collected from the carp; two species of acanthocephalans namely
Neoechinorhynchus rutili collected from Cyprinus carpio, Barbus luteus,
Chondrostoma regius and Varicorhinus trutta. The incidence of infection in Cyprinus
carpio(4.2% in males and 8.3 % in females); in Barbus luteus(2.5%); in Chondrostoma
regius(8% in males and 9.9% in females) and in Varicorhinus . trutta(50%).The other
species of acanthocephala is Neoechinorhynchus iraqinensis which has been revealed
from Liza abu( 15.7% in males and 35% in females). From the result of the present
study, it can be concluded, that, all four helminthic parasites are the first record in fishes
caught from Kirkuk province.

AL-Hawija plain is located at the south western part of Kirkuk city(N-IRAQ),with in
the Hammrin-Makhul tectonic sub zone,the area is of simple topography with an
average elevation of (360 m.a.s.l. ),having a semi-arid climate.Cultivation in the area
depends on the rain water,and groundwater that has been extracted mainly from
Miocene age,Pliocene fluvial sediments and recent deposits.The present study is mainly
concerned with the evaluation of the quality of ground water to the different
purposes.11ground water samples has been chemically analyzed from selected wells
extracting water from different depths(80-120)m.and found that the ground water is of
meteoric origin,very hard,having high PH values,while the values of total dissolved
solids(TDS)are ranging between(1000-4500)mg/l,so that the water is of brackish
type.on the basis of the major cation and anion concentration the groundwater is
of(mixed Na and Ca-SO4) group having three families which are(Na2SO4)family with
Na+
>Ca+2>Mg+2-SO4
-2>Cl-
>HCO3
-
and(CaSO4)water familyCa+2>Mg+2>Na+
-SO4
-2>Cl-
>HCO3
-
, and ( MgSO4 ) family with Mg+2 > Na+
> Ca+2-SO4
-2 > Cl-
> HCO3
-
. Generally
the ground water in the area were not recommended for drinking purposes because of
high salinity and it is(Doubtful to unsuitable-Unsuitable)for irrigation whereas it can be
used to cultivate sensitive crops in areas of medium to coarse grained soil having a well
designed drainage system beneath the agricultural.

Three crosses of upland cotton were carried out between SP8886 and each of the
varieties, Lachata, Cocker310 and Dunn1047, and F1, F2, B1 and B2 generations of each cross
were obtained. The six generations of each cross were tested in an experiment using
randomized complete block design with three replications to study the genetic behavior for
seed cotton yield per plant and some of its components. Generation mean analysis (least square
method) was used with two models to estimate additive, dominance and epistatic effects, the
first with three parameters (additive-dominance model) and the second with six parameters
(additive-dominance-interaction model), and χ
2
– test used to determine the fitness of the first
model for characters: seed cotton yield per plant, plant height, number of fruiting branches,
number of bolls per plant, boll weight and lint index. The results showed that the first model
was adequate for most of the studied characters in the three crosses, therefore epistasis was not
important in the inheritance of these characters except plant height in the cross (Lachata x
SP8886) and seed cotton yield per plant in the cross (Cocker310 x SP8886). Dominance gene
effects were relatively more important than additive effects in the inheritance of the most of
studied characters. Narrow sense heritability estimates were varied from 17.441% for seed
cotton yield per plant in the cross (Cocker310 x SP8886) to 69.999% for number of fruiting
branches in the cross (Lachata x SP8886). The results also revealed the presence of positive
heterosis and inbreeding coefficient for the most of the studied characters in the three crosses.

This paper evaluates the suitability of using some flood plain
deposit between Samara and Tikrit as impervious blanket to prevent the
leakage of water.
The scope of work includes: engineering geological evaluation of
the study area, picking and testing samples and the final decision to accept
or reject the sampled area according to well-known standards.

Factorial mating desiing involoing Four lines OF maize (Agr183 .
w13R. W17.161 and R153) used as males and other five live lines (OH40.
IK58. IK8. ZP and DK) used as females. The nine lines and crosses among
them were planted using ACBDesing with three replications and data
taken for traits: number of ears per plant length ead diamerer number of
rows per ear ; number ofgrains per row 100 grain weight and grain yield
per plant M arked significant heterosis was observed for almost al the traits
examined lt was shown plant Marked significant heterosis was observed for
almost al the traits examined lt was shown that nonadditive gene action was
more important in the inheritance of all traits Among males (R153) and
among femaler (lk8) were the best general combinors for the most of traits
and the cross (W13RxZP)was the best specific combinor .

samples of high temperature superconductors"Bi2 Ba2 Ca2 Cu3 O7-δ" were prepared
by solid state reaction method with different sintering temperature(i.e 790,830,860,890)
C
°
.X-ray analysis techniques were used to examine the structure of the compound, the
study showed ,that the sample prepared during sintering temperature at 860 ċ exhibite
tetragonal phase with lattice parameter,(a=b=5.408A
°
,C=30.88A
°
)while the compound
prepared at 890C,° exhibit a change of structure from (tetragonal to orthorhombic)
phase this is due to decreasing in(C)axises and increasing in the other two axis's
(a,b)and the value of lattice parameters were a=5.418A
°
,b=5.429A
°
,C =30.75A
°
Electric
resistively method were used to determine the critical temperature(TC)of these
compounds using liquid nitrogen cryostat the compounds prepared at [790,830,860 and
890]C,
°. Showed(TC)values of[105, 115,135, and92]K respectively.The change in(TC)
values can be explained on the basis that increasing the sintering temperature produces a
more uniform crystal structure and an increased oxygen content in the compound.

Fiber loss is a fundamental limitation in realizing long haul point–to-point fiber optical communication
links and optical networks. One of the advanced technologies achieved in recent years is the advent of erbium doped
fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) that has enabled the optical signals in an optical fiber to be amplified directly in high bit rate
systems beyond Tetra bits. In this paper, a simulation of an EDFA has been studied to characterize Gain, Noise Figure
of a forward pumped EDFA operating in C band (1525-1565 nm) as functions of Er+3 fiber length, injected pump
power, signal input power and Er+3 doping density. The simulation has been done by using Optisystem 5.0 software
simulator (license product of a Canadian based company) at bit rate 10 Gbps.

The simple abstract we can talk about in this project is about the idea of information
security has became very important thing in our life, so we can not depend only on data
or information encryption but hiding it too which is called (Steganography).So it is a
method in which we hide an information inside an other so the real information or data
can not be seen. The information we want to hide in this project is a text message to be
hidden in a picture which is a BMP (Bit Map) format which is simple. We will use the
programming language (Visual Basic) to do this job, Hiding a text message in a picture
needs on the other hand getting the image back from the picture so the program will
contain this operation too.The data of the BMP picture will be replaced by the hidden
text message so it may cause distortion in that place therefore the message must be
distributed all over the picture so the distortion would be reduced. In the future we can
hide another type of data inside another type of carrier (out world data) such as hiding
text inside a voice file.

Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-bis(cyclo)tetra(acetamido)sulphidebenzene and 1,2-cyclo
diacetamidosulphide-4,5-dinitrobenzene from the reaction of 1,2,4,5-
tetra(chloroacetamido)benzene and 1,2-dicloroacetamido4,5dinitrobenzene with
hydrous sodium sulphide (Na2S.9H2O). The structures were confirmed by the use of
I.R.,1H-N.M.Rspectroscopy

In this paper ,we suggested a new technique by using optimal average(OAV) for
function. and an algorithm is suggested for it is solution .The MOLPP criteria of
Chandra Sen and Sulaiman & Sadiq(Sen,Chandra,1983 ; Sulaiman & Sadiq, 2006,
respectively) ; has been modified in this paper. The computer application of algorithm
also has been demonstrated by a flow-cart and solving a numerical examples .The
numerical results in(Table3) indicate that the new technique in general is promising.

In this paper, a new VM-updating formula for solving unconstrained non-linear
optimization problems is proposed. The new method is derived by using Faddeev's
modification in order to modify Leverrier's VM-update.The new algorithm is tested by
(8) nonlinear test functions, with different dimensions and compared with the standard
BFGS algorithm.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be a unitary R-module.
An R-module M is called finitely annihilated if there exists a finitely
generated R-submodule N of M such that ann(M)=ann(N).Our main
purpose in this work is to study this property in some known classes of
modules such as quasi-injective, multiplication and other modules. We
prove that:
1-If M is a quasi-injective R-module, then M is finitely annihilated if and
only if M is finendo.
2-If M is a multiplication R-module, then M is finitely annihilated if and
only if M is finitely generated.
3-M is a faithful finitely annihilated R-module if and only if M is a
compactly faithful R-module.