Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

The study was conducted to evaluate the inhibition activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus wenti and Salicylic acid (0.01 %) solution against Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV). The possibility of the use of fungal filtrates in stimulate resistance in tomato plants against virus infection have been studied for this purpose Datura stramonium leaves have been inoculated with mixture composed fungal filtrates and Tomato Mosaic Virus ( ToMV) .The results showed that the the number of lesion for the T. harzianum filtrate decrease with increasing the age of filtrate from one day to six day, The six filtrate gave lowest of lesion number, 2.971 lession/ cm2 compared with anathor period and control treatments which gave 10.085 lession / cm2 for water and 9.982 lession/ cm2 for potato media with significant differences compared with salicylic acid . The sex day filtrates for T. harzianum gave the grate effect on inhibition of virus replication, and also for A.wenti filtrate treatment which reduce the number of lesion with increasing the age of fungi filtrate beginning from first day to sex day and gave 4.580 lession/ cm2 with the significant differences compared with the controle treatment ( water and potato media).The concentration 50% from both fungi ( T. harzianum and A. wenti)gave the grate effect in inhibition of lesion number and inhibitor of Tomato mosaic virus replication comparing with the other concentrations and control treatment. The crud filtrate for T.harzianum with concentration 50% gave the highiest inhibition rate 61.712% ( local lesion 3.795 lession/ cm2 ) then A. wenti filtrate with inhibition rate 57.871 % (No of local lesion 4.014 lession / cm2 ).The resalts also showed that the resistance induced by spreading tomato plants with the filtrate of T. harzianum , A. wenti and salicylic acid, the T. harzianum have the highiest effect in virus inhibition with increasing the number of spreading untile 8 with the inhibition rate 45 % while A. wenti fungi gave inhibition rate 43.072%. Soacking steams of Tomato leaves with T. harzianum filtrate after inoculated with virus for one day led to inhibition the virus replication in leaves , with inhibition rate 65.782% (No. of local lesion 2.373 lession/ cm2 ) while gave 52.357 for A. wenti fungi filtrate ( local lesion No. 3.304 lession/ cm2 ).

The study aims at determining the impact of thyroid disorders in some blood and biochemical changes to try determine changes in some of the functions of the body as a result of these disorders, whether physiological or biochemical. This study was conducted in Ramadi Teaching Hospital for the period from November 2013 until May 2014. The study sample includs 130 blood samples of women with whom we brought the hospital for tests of the thyroid hormones, and these samples were divided by (50 Female sound represents the control group and 40 female suffering from hyperthyroidism Female and 40 others suffer from hypothyroidism).The study estimates blood and biochemical variables which includs both bleeding and clotting time and platelet counts blood and as was assessment fragility osmosis membranes of red blood cells, and the concentration of Fibrinogen in the plasma. Results of the study showed the following:high levels of bleeding time and the time of coagulation and platelet count blood when comparing results with the healthy group.And the low rate of coagulation time when compared with the healthy group.3. increase vulnerability osmosis membranes of red blood cells for patients with thyroid disorders (fragments and palaces) any lack of resistance to decomposition.4. The lack of significant differences between patients with hyperthyroidism and a healthy rate of bleeding time and platelet counts and concentration Fibrinogen and as observed also the lack of significant differences in the concentration of Fibrinogen rate in the case of hypothyroidism when compared with the healthy group.

This Study was carried out to determine the distribution Molecular Virulence Factor (Fim H) to Escherichia coli bacteria cases urinary tract infection.This Study included (10) Isolated more than resestance from (106) Isolated Escherichia Coli bacteria collected from the patient in Ramady technique hospital. Were chosen from each bacterial type for the sake of studying their genetics homogeneity. DNA was extracted from the Isolated of each of the following bacteria E.Coli this extracted DNA was used in multiplex P.C.R Technique by using (Fim H) gen. The virulence factor result found the gen samples chromosome DNA in all colony while result explained no (Fim H) gene in all plasmid DNA sample.

This study includes collection of 438 clinical samples from Ramadi Educational Hospital and 50 of soil samples in period from Nov. 2014 to Feb. 2015, to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the resulted isolates were divided into 40 clinical isolates form burns, wounds , urine and ear inflammation, and 10 from soil.Antiobiotic sensitivity test were done against 12 antibiotic discs for all 50 selected isolates by disc diffusion method, and the results indicated that all clinical isolates were resistance to three types of antibiotics(Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicilline) while they varied in their resistance to other antibiotics. The soil isolates were 100% sensitive to all antibiotics except for penicillin and ampicillin were resistance with 60%and 70% respectively.
Also the molecular variation for these isolates for virulence factors were detected and the characterization of bacteria was confirmed by checking 16SrRNA gene, after the specific primers were designed for each gene of virulence which included pvdE, toxA, and phzM also specific primer for 16SrRNA was designed. The results showed that the characterization of bacteria was confirmed by 16SrRNA gene detection and sequence and the isolates contain the virulence genes had some polymorphism in comparison with those in NCBI.

85 samples were collected to investigate Pseudomonas sp. bacteria and study their resistance to antibiotics. The samples were included (18 specimen of wounds, 21 of burns, 23 specimen otitis media, 6 of urine tract infact, 3 of sputum) and soil samples . These cases were diagnosed using cultural and biochemical tests, the diagnosis was confirmed using the API 20E system. The results showed high isolation from burns and otitis media (23%) . The species was obtained Pseudomonas aeruginosa 49 (94.2%) followed by the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 (3.8%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 1 (1.9%). Resistance of Pseudomonas sp. isolates to antibiotics were examined to 10 antibiotics, and isolates showed highest sensitivity to antibiotics Imipinem, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin 98.1% and 92.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Isolates were showed high resistant (88.5%) to Cefotaxime .

This study was designed to investigate ability of the bacteria Proteus mirabilis isolated from wounds and burns infections to production of virulence factor swarming and samples elected included the most antibiotic-resistant isolates and by (4) isolates of the bacterium Proteus mirabilis diagnosed depending on the biochemical test as well as the production of the phenomenon swarming. The use of heat as a factor curing of plasmids electric deportation results showed a loss of status in the plasmids isolates were elected as well as the loss in the formation of the phenomenon of isolates swarming referring to plasmids role in the formation of such status.

Amount of domestic solid organic waste were collected for the purpose of recycling it to produce organic fertilizers and estimate the product , organic waste mixture was prepared from separated waste which collected , mixture prepared with C: N ratio 30:1 by enriching waste with urea fertilizer. Mixture will fermented by aerobic and anaerobic methods , after being vaccinated each of them by 5% of active soil vaccine taken from the surface and soil depth, a compact plastic bottles size 25 liters used for a period of 60 days , Then completed fermentation for further 30 days after the supplemented mixtures equipped with two levels of 0% and 20% of the raw rock phosphate (RP). The most important results: the low carbon quantity and increase the concentration of nitrogen in mixtures components after the end of the fermentation stage and the highest percentage reduction of C 40% with the treatment of aerobic fermentation and supplemented RP20% with a higher content of total microbial and fixation nitrogen, solvent compounds phosphate and the highest productive amount of IAA was: 8.86 , 5.65 , 5.87 log cfu g-1 and 8.36 mg kg -1. The highest total and mineral nitrogen ratio of 28.14 and 15.02 g kg -1 with treatment aerobic fermentation and supplemented 20%RP, which also marked the lowest ratio of C: N amounted to 13.6: 1, while the treatment of anaerobic fermentation registered and non- supplemented RP highest rate of organic nitrogen 17.98 g kg -1 , and the highest rate to be Fulvic , Humic acid and phenolic acids 11.81 and 23.40 g kg -1 and 60.23 mg kg -1, respectively. Treatment of anaerobic fermentation recorded the highest concentration of phosphorus available, iron, zinc and copper extracted in DTPA ,rate amounted to 13.67 g P kg -1 , 779.3 , 66.2 , 40.6 mg kg -1, respectively. And the presence of bacteria coliform and Salmonella from mixtures disappeared after fermentation. Aearobic fermentation and supplemented 20%RP equation was also marked by the highest percentage germination of the seeds of lettuce 96.1% and get a 9 day old seedlings, up 13.31 cm and 6.76 cm roots of lettuce at a rate of wet and dry weight was 16.4 and 1.45 g -1 seedlings.

The purpose of the present study is to find the impact of benzene and its components on some aspects of physiological parameters in the blood of workers in the filling stations as samples were collected study and synthesized from (60) a sample of the blood of people working in filling stations and in direct contact with gasoline and (60) a sample of the blood of people who do not work in gas stations and considered as a control group. The laboratory tests was conducted and included:
The tests biochemical estimate the total protein and appreciation of urea and creatine and assess the effectiveness of enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and estimate bilirubin total in serum and measuring the level of the enzyme carrier Glutamayl(GGT) and assess the concentration of electrolytes(sodium, potassium and calcium) and concentration of heavy metals(lead, zinc and copper) in the blood and assess the concentration of hormones, thyroid (T3, T4) in the blood and the concentration of the hormone by the pituitary gland and the catalyst for thyroid hormones (TSH).
The results of the study showed the following:
The results showed a significant effect at the level of probability (P≤0.05) in the values of each of the concentration of the enzyme carrier Klotamayl (GGT) and the concentration of electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) and the concentration of heavy metals (lead, zinc and copper) in the blood as well as in the values of thyroid hormone (T3). Did not show significant differences between the values of each of urea and creatine and alkaline phosphatase enzyme and enzymes (AST, ALT) and bilirubin values and total protein concentration and the values of hormonal (T4, TSH) in the blood serum of workers and the control group. The changes immune has shown the results of the study on the existence of significant differences in the values of the effectiveness of the enzyme immune (ADA) and the level of the enzyme immunoglobulin (IgG) while it did not show significant differences in the values of proteins complementary immune (C3, C4) and the values of enzymes immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) between blood Employees and blood control.

To examine the recovered strains phenotypically by conventional methods and genotypically by using synthetic oligonucleotides of 21 and 24 bases in polymerase chain reaction to amplify a sequence of nuc gene , which encoded thermostable nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. A DNA fragment of approximately 270 bp was amplified from isolated DNA, PCR products was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that 100% of Staphylococcus aureus were positive to nuc gene .The PCR for amplification of nuc gene has potential for rapid diagnosis of S. aureus infections by direct testing of clinical specimens .

Total of 15 bacterial isolates from cellulose degrading bacteria were obtained from deciduous trees leaves, these isolates varied in their ability to degrade cellulose, results of diagnosis of most efficient isolate was prove that it belong to Sphingomonas pucimobili. The results of enzyme purification produced from this bacteria using modified medium which extracted by Amicon Ultrafiltration showed that enzyme activity was 1.16 U/mg of protein and the saturation value with ammonium sulphate was 0-40% with enzyme accumulation 9.47% in total purification number of 2.46, in ion exchange chromatography the results of enzyme accumulation reached 11.92% and total purification number was 5.80 while the accumulation value was 8.63% and total purification number was 12.9 when gel filtration was used. The molecular weight of extracted and purified cellulase enzyme was 41 kDa calculated by poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis

The effect of metabolic status on lead bioremoval byKlebsiella pneumoniae were tested. The results revealed a significant differences (P<0.05) between live and dead (killed by heat) cellsas the bioremoval reached 57.0 ± 3.4 and 21.6 ± 2.5, respectively. Bioremoved lead ions were recovered (P<0.05) using three different washing solutions, 0.1M EDTA was the most efficient since it recovered about 63.9 ± 5.6 mg/ml, while Na2CO3 was able to recover 35.9 ± 2.6 mg/ml; whereas 0.1M HCl recovered 21.8 ± 2.6 mg/ml. genomic DNA was extracted from different isolates of K. pneumoniae in order to study the relationship between genotype using BOX-PCR and bioremoval of lead. Three clusters were detected C1, C2, and C3 with similarity percentages reached 52, 60, and 100%. What's more, bioremoval did not depend on particular genotype

This study was conducted at the Biological Control Unit laboratories /College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad، during the period from June 2012 to January 2014. To identify the value of the most important biological indicators of the Local mealybug predator Nephus jaderiensis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The predator is one of the important natural enemies of citrus mealybug Planococcus citri Risso (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) which regarded for long time as a key pest of fruit trees especially citrus causing significant economic losses.Study of predation efficiency showed that the consumption of different immature stages of mealybug was highly affected by different temperatures as well as the age of the prey and predator. The total mealybug eggs consumption at temperature (18, 23, 27 and 32)c̊ were 25.2, 40.5, 40.7 and 52.5 egg respectively، while 20.3, 24.9, 35.7 and 37.14، 23.9, 33.6, 36.6 and 46.9, 8.9, 13.1, 17.3 and 20.4 for 1st, 2st and 3st nymphal instars respectively. It was concluded that predator Nephus jaderiensis is one of the good against the Predators as mealybug attack the larvae of different roles of predator mealybug and at good rates, indicating its importance as a factor in the organization of important biological pest population. We recommend conducting further field studies of predator to determine the extent of efficiency in the field, according to local conditions and to determine its role in regulating the population of mealybug and study the compatibility of the predator with other control methods to determine its vital role in integrated pest management programs.

The present study involved collection of 30 Al-Ramady General Hospital sewage, five samples for each 15 days from the treatment unit for the period October 2014 to February 2015 in triplicates. Six bacterial isolates were identified: Aeromonashydrophila, Aeromonassobria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae, Staphlyococcushominis and Staphylococcus aureus. All these isolates were tested for their ability to remove lead from its aqueous solutions. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were found among bioremoval capacity which were as follows 11.3 ± 5.5, 11.8 ± 5.4, 14 ± 10, 62.2 ± 28.9, 19.6 ± 2.2 and 12.3 ± 7, respectively. However, K. pneumoniae achieved the highest removal capacity. Results revealed a variable minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of lead among the tested isolates. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae showed the highest MIC reached 3200 mg/ml; whereas, A. sobriadeveloped the lowest MIC reached 500 mg/ml. upon FTIR analysis, hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl and amine were the active sites for lead binding.

The study aims at finding out the most efficient method in the diagnosis and the easiest sample in usage. The study collects 50 samples from outpatients who customarily visit the medical sight unit. The collections of the samples include biopsy tissue, blood, saliva and stool from each patient, as well as 30 samples were collected from the control group (people who are not infected). The samples of biopsy tissue are used to test (Culture, rapid urease enzyme, and histopathology) through using saliva sample of the culture test. It also uses stool samples, rapid antigen stool test (strip). However, the serum samples were used to detect antibodies formed IgG against infection with the Helicobacter pylori. The study compared between the invasive and non- invasive. the culture test was 6% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity, the rapid urease enzyme test was 66% of sensitivity and 90% of specificity and the histopathologic test was 14% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. The rapid stool antigen test was 54% of sensitivity and 80% of specificity then the serum ELISA test with a sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 60%. It was found after comparing invasive with non-invasive methods that the rapid urease enzyme in invasive methods is the most efficient in diagnosis , also The non-invasive methods found the rapid stool antigen test the most efficient in diagnosis.

This study was conducted to measure a group of hormones related with infected individuals with the shortage of the growth hormone by studying 150 patients in comparison with 50 samples taken from normal individuals as a control group. The study included investigation GH gene via polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) by two primers designed specifically for this study (GH3, GH4). The results showed that mutations occurred in 12 individuals from the samples, 8% for GH3 , whereas the GH4 showed no absence or disorder in the sequence of bases. The results of Sequencing using the Blast program showed appearance of many mutations of deletion mutations and insertion mutations , and substitution mutations of two types of transition and transversion. The concentration of hormones has been measured were human Testosterone hormone , Prolactin hormone ,Cortisol hormone ,The results showed a highly significant differences in the levels of the averages of hormonal analysis , as well as a significant decrease in the average length of individuals and high moral appeared in body mass index(BMI) under the moral under the moral level of P ≤ 0.05.

This study was carried out to isolated and diagnoses E. Coli bacteria case infection of the urinary tract also study virulence factor Haemolysin A in the isolated more than resistance to antibiotic. This aim of the study 200 sample of urinc were collected from patients in Ramadi teaching hospital (male and female) of different age (one year – 70 years). the E. Coli bacteria were the most spreading type in the case of urinary tract infection since they were isolated with percentage 59% out the total number of bacterial isolates, indentification the disc diffusion method was used test the isolate towards (10) ten antibiotics this work also includes the study of some virulenece factor of isolated bacteria. The result revealted that a high ratio of bacteria which are gram negative E. Coli isolated from urinary tract infection showed high resistance to the antibiotic particularly cefotaxim 100%. Naldic acid 95.3% Gentimicin 97.2%. ten isolatedwere chosen from each bacteria types for the sake of studying their genetics homogeneity. DNA was extracted from ten isolated of each of the following bacteria E. coli this extracted DNA was used in multiplex (PCR) technique by using gen of Haemolysin. A. This result found one coloney this carries the gen (Hyl A_ number (7) to DNA genome sample. While the other result fond (Hyl A) for plasmed DNA in the samples (3 -6- 7).

The study was conducted to know the effect of crud filtrate of T. harzianum and its supernatant which screened with chlorophorm in replication of Tomato mosaic virus in tomato plant Lycopersicon esculentum and relied Datura stramonium plants as indicator plant to determind the number of local lesion, the results showed the positive effect of protein sediments in reduce the number of local lesion in Datura plants which which gave 3.145 lession/ cm2 while supernatant gave 5.236 lession/ cm2 and phosphate buffer treatment gave 7.176 lession/ cm2 .The results showed that the treatment of sidements proteins from supernatant which filtrate with chlorophorm reduced the number of local lesion with rate 5.295 lession/ cm2 compared with two control treatment ( water, potato media) which gave 8.212, 8.333 lession/ cm2 respectivly, while the crud filtrate treatment gave rate 5.012 lession/ cm2 , that mean, the treatment of crud filtrate succese to reduce the number of lesion and reduced the virus replication comparison with protein extract. Also, boiling the crud filtrate and protein extract led to losing the activity of both treatments, because the protein substances lost there inhibition activity when they exposed to high heat degree.The concentration 10-1 for crud filtrate and its filtrate screening with chlorophorm gave the grate effect in inhibition the virus in cm2 then the concentration 10-2 then 10-3 .

This study includes collection of 438 clinical samples from Ramadi Educational Hospital and 50 of soil samples in period from Nov. 2014 to Feb. 2015, to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the resulted isolates were divided into 40 clinical isolates form burns, wounds، urine and ear inflammation, and 10 from soil.Antiobiotic sensitivity test were done against 12 antibiotic discs for all 50 selected isolates by disc diffusion method, and the results indicated that all clinical isolates were resistance to three types of antibiotics(Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicilline) while they varied in their resistance to other antibiotics. The soil isolates were 100% sensitive to all antibiotics except for penicillin and ampicillin were resistance with 60%and 70% respectively.
Also the molecular variation for these isolates for virulence factors were detected and the characterization of bacteria was confirmed by checking 16SrRNA gene, after the specific primers were designed for each gene of virulence which included apH,flcB and lasB also specific primer for 16SrRNA was designed. The results showed that the characterization of bacteria was confirmed by 16SrRNA gene detection and sequence and the isolates contain the virulence genes had some polymorphism in comparison with those in NCBI.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common causes of hospital and community acquired infections and treatment of Staphylococcal infections is complication because ability of this bacteria species to resistant to antibiotics.In this study vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were grew on Muller hintone agar contain vancomycin (6µg / ml) with percentage 25% (24/96) , Genomic DNA and plasmids isolated from isolates using standard producers. VanA gene amplification using PCR and suitable primers. The amplification gene was produced 1032bp at agarose gel electrophoresis.VanA gene was detected in 50% (12/24) on chromosomal DNA and in 20.8% (5/25) on plasmid of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

This study was conducted at the Biological Control Unit laboratories /College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad، during the period from June 2012 to January 2014. To identify the value of the most important biological indicators of the Local mealybug predator Nephus jaderiensis (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae). The predator is one of the important natural enemies of citrus mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Homoptera:Pseudococcidae) which regarded for long time as a key pest of fruit trees especially citrus causing significant economic losses.Study of predation efficiency showed that the consumption of different immature stages of mealybug was highly affected by different temperatures as well as the age of the prey and predator. The total mealybug eggs consumption at temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35)c̊ were 24.9، 43.9، 45.9 and 55.6 egg respectively، while 18.9، 27.9، 33.7 and 35.4، 20.8, 30.8، 35.0 and 41.7 ، 6.5، 10.9، 15.8 and 18.6 for 1st, 2st and 3st nymphal instars respectively .Consumption by male and female predators were also different being 13.1، 3.1, 5.5and 2.0، 17.2، 5.9، 7.6 and 2.5، 17.3، 6.1، 6.2 and 2.4، 17.3، 5.1، 6.6 and 3.6 for the fore mentioned immature stages by the adult females، while 15.2، 6.2، 7.4 and 3.7، 19.4، 4.0، 7.8 and 5.0 ، 18.9، 5.0، 6.1 and 2.7، 19.2، 4.2، 7.0 and 3.3 for the male . It was concluded that predator Nephus jaderiensis is one of the good against the Predators as mealybug attack the larvae and adults of different roles of predator mealybug and at good rates, indicating its importance as a factor in the organization of important biological pest population. We recommend conducting further field studies of predator to determine the extent of efficiency in the field, according to local conditions and to determine its role in regulating the population of mealybug and study the compatibility of the predator with other control methods to determine its vital role in integrated pest management programs.

The study aims at finding the infection of Helicobacter pylori by using the molecular test (polymerase chain reaction ) to finding the genes that most efficient in the diagnosis and the easiest sample in usage. the study collect samples from outpatients who customarily visit the medical sight unit > the collections of the sample include biopsies tissue , stool , and saliva from each patient , as well as , samples were collected from the control group (people who are not infection ). After fiat the molecular test for biopsy tissue is most efficient when sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100% for the different genes usage , and the molecular test for stool samples are the sensitivity and specificity 70 % and 100 % respectively , while the molecular test for saliva sampling are not found the positive result.

The aim of this study is to determination the uranium concentration in soil samples of Al-Fallujah city because these sites were a field of military operations during the war in 2005, through the collection of 20 soil samples taken from different schools of Al-Fallujah and the depths (20-0 (، (40-20( cm for Determine the concentration of uranium accounts based on comparison with standard models were used detector nuclear impact (CR-39) as a method for the detection of uranium in soil samples for study areas.From the results we can found that the concentration of uranium at the depth (0-20) cm were higher at than the depth at (20-40) because of the radioactive content in the soil is located in the surface and this can wind and rain from the removal (90%) of radioactive material from the soil and record the highest rate of uranium concentration in situ (S16) of (2.158) This is compatible with the reality of this region where military operations have seen more than other regions and wide.

A number of physical and chemical ambient water characteristics of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were studied on a monthly basis over the year (2011). Samples through 61 sampling station was collected, which distributed by 39 stations along the Tigris river and 22 station along the Euphrates river. Samples collected were analyzed to find a number of variables. The variables measured include cations group (Ca, Mg Mg, Na Na), anions group (Cl, SO4), nitrate NO3, phosphate PO4, total dissolved solids TDS, in addition to measuring pH.Data were analyzed statistically to extract the results. Results showed that average concentrations of calcium ions to the Tigris River 69 mg /L, and the Euphrates River 139 mg /L. The average concentration of magnesium ions of the Tigris River is 34 mg /L, while of the Euphrates River is 67 mg /L. Average concentration of sodium ions of the Tigris River is 58 mg /L, and the Euphrates River is 247 mg /L. Average concentration of sulfate ions of the Tigris River is 154 mg /L, and the Euphrates River is 425 mg /L. Average concentration of chloride ions of the Tigris River is 98 mg / L, and the Average of the Euphrates River is 375 mg /L. Average concentration of nitrate ions of the Tigris River is 3.48 mg /L and the same average value registered to the Euphrates River. Phosphate ions concentration rate of the Tigris River is 0.24 mg / L, and the Euphrates River is 0.20 mg /L. Average concentration of total dissolved solids of the Tigris River is 530 mg / L, while the Euphrates River is 1419 mg /L. Average pH value of the water for the Tigris River is 7.6 and 7.8 for Euphrates River. Water quality of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers varies from one section to another. Water quality is better in the upstream sections of the rivers. There is a general trend to increase salinity and degradation of water quality whenever river stream Turn south because of decreasing water level and accumulation of pollution loads. Water quality of the Tigris generally better than the quality of waters of the Euphrates, where many tributaries supply Tigris river with freshwater inside Iraqi territory while Euphrates River exposed to different effluent inside Syrian territory before entering the Iraqi border. Recorded values of most variables measured of the Euphrates river greater than the values of Tigris River at the beginning of the entry of the rivers into the Iraqi border. Euphrates River compared with the Tigris River was exposed to different effluent discharges especially agricultural discharge in the central and southern regions in addition to changing hydrological conditions.

This work includes the synthesis of new esters derivatives for D- galactitol at the primary hydroxyl group (C1 , C6 ) of the galactitol molecule by the reaction of galactitol with the following pure fatty acid esters (methyl butyrate , methyl hexanoate , methyl octanoate methyl nonanoate methyl decanoate , methyl laurate , methyl palmitate methyl stearate ) to obtain 1 , 6 – di – O – ester – D – galactitol (A – H ) or with crude oil ( tri glyceride ) (olive oil , flax seeds oil , sun flowers oil , coconut oil , corn oil , cotton seeds oil , castor oil , soya ban oil , palme oil , sesame oil , peanut oil and pin oil ) to obtain mixture esters compounds 1 , 6 – di – O- ester- D-galactitol (I - T) These esters compounds have been prepared by Transesterification method and the progress of the reaction was detected by ( T.L.C) technique . These compounds was characterized spectrophotometric by (FT-IR) , (1H- NMR) , and elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) . This work, also includes studying of some physical properties of the preparing ester compounds such as foam properties and surface tension to estimate their capability as detergents and emulsifier agents . The study showed that the prepared ester compounds have good detergents and emulsion properties.

Smoking is operation done in burn material ,often which include this material it tobacco , at which done tasting smoke or inhalation , In the first this operation considering practice set out to spirit by using drug , at which export from burning active material in drug like nicotin of which make it available for absorption through lung.The study includes (30)blood samples from smokers (18-35) years old and (16) blood samples from non- smokers (20-35) years old as afrom student of college science / divide of chemistry and physical. The results of the present investigation revealed a significant increase of the cholesterol concentration , Triglycerides ,LDL ,VLDL and LDL/HDL as compared with the records of the control group . and a significant decrease. It was found that a significant decrease Na, Zn ,Cu ,Fe and significant decrease T.P. , ALB ,Urea as compared with the records of the control group.

Different solvent were used for analyzing the main phytochemical , nutrient and mineral composition of turmeric rhizomes powder(Curcuma longa) ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, DMSO and water were used respectively as solvents for the preparation of rhizomes turmeric extracts. The Preliminary tests of active groups in extracts were carried out .It appeared to contain (alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, terpenes ,tannins, qumarine , saponin, quinone, free amino acids, crude protein, and phenolic compounds) .the extracts were differed in their content of active groups quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative content of (phenolic compounds ,flavonoids, tannins, the ratio of curcumin in powder plant, curcumin in the alcoholic extract, curcumin in etheric extracted, the color ratio in alcoholic extract and color ratio in etheric extracted)were estimated.The results indicated that the concentration of phenolic compounds 14.500±0.70 mg/100 ml ,Percentage of flavonoids was (8.873±0.29) %, while the concentration of tannin 360.752±6.749 mg/100 g. The curcumin ratio in plant powder amounted to 2.490±0.098 %, curcumin in alcoholic extract 24.684±0.13%, curcumin in etheric extracted 1.156±0.02 %, the proportion of color in the alcoholic extract and etheric extract were 3243.5±17.67, 153±1.41 respectivelyThe amount of moisture and the concentration of crude protein and carbohydrates, total oil and crude fiber, total ash and nitrogen content and caloric value on a dry weight basis, were found to be 6.152±0.27% humidity solid material 93.848±0.27%,the concentration of carbohydrates 36±8.48%, crude protein 7.737%, and the percentage of oil 2.637±0.22 %, while the percentage of fiber 23.280±1.2 %, The percentage of ash were 8.694 ± 0.03%, and the caloric value for turmeric rhizomes powder is 198.693 kcal /100 g. Trace elements were also estimated. Turmeric plant was found to contain potassium 5532.5 μg/g, magnesium 715 μg/g ,sodium 194.5 μg/g ,iron 185 μg/g ,calcium 104.25 μg/g ,manganese 30μg/g , lead ,zinc and cadmium (10 , 6.25 , 2.75)μg/g respectively finally The nitrogen content was found to be 1.238%.The present study showed that turmeric is a very rich source of antioxidant ,minerals , and energy. So that is very important to be entered the system of human nutrition

In this research has been manufacture of overlapping polymer of unsaturated polyester resin Reinforced by polypropylene fibers (PPF) with ratio weight، (0,4,6,8,10) gm from polypropylene fibers. And at room temperature it has been studied the thermal conductivity properties of this compound and identified practical results that the thermal conductivity in natural conditions decreases with increasing the ratio by mass of fibers of polypropylene in the compound, and the thermal conductivity values continue decreasing as ratio strengthened polyethylene fibers of polypropylene in the compound. Immersion and the solution of acid, the value of the thermal conductivity of all the samples increases with increasing duration of immersion in the acid solution, and when comparing the thermal conductivity values for samples with a period of immersion in the solution of acid with the dry state is evident that the difference in The increase in the value of thermal conductivity between the dry case and the case of immersion in acid solution increases whenever a period of immersion increased with the increase in the proportion of reinforcement fibers of polypropylene.

The current study included understanding the effect of methotrexate and omega-3 in the thyroid and parathyroid gland and some of the physiological and histological and genetic variables in some of the organs of the body in the male rats. The study included 56 animals were divided into three groups, the first and second groups were divided into three secondary groups, the first secondary group was given the drug methotrexate only in concentration 0.05 , 0.125 and 0.250 mg / kg for 8 weeks while the secondary second group was given drug methotrexate in the same concentrations of the first group, as well as give it omega-3 concentration of 300 mg / kg for 8 weeks, the third group was considered as control group. After finishing of dosage, the animals killed and took blood samples and organs to do the required tests, included measuring of blood parameters, such as RBC ,PCV ,Hb ,MCV, MCH and MCHC. In addition to measure the number of white blood cell count WBC and Differential white blood cells, where the results showed the presence of a rise in both the RBC, PCV, Hb in the low and medium concentration of methotrexate while decreased in high concentration, omega-3 work to reduce the variables above in the low and medium concentration while worked on reducing it in the high concentration, moreover a variable of MCV and MCH and MCHC has not changed morally. With respect to the WBC was low in the totals for the study when giving methotrexate while rose when giving omega-3 with this druge, also neutrophil cells was low and accompanied by a rise in a monoytes in all concentrations of Methotrexate were not for omega 3 noticeable effect on these cells decreased. The results showed a decline in the lymph and acidophilus cells in the low concentration while rose in the medium and high concentration of Methotrexate. Omega-3 worked on the rise it in concentrations above, with respect to basophiles cells increased in the low and high concentration and decreased in medium and the omega-3 was not effect of them.

In general from this study it can be concluded that the rate of bacterial contamination of mobile phone is height. A total of 25 samples were collected from the cell phones of the students of college of science biology department, Baghdad University. Bacteria encountered include: (gram positive; S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci (S. peidermidis), S. Pyogenes, B. spp.), and gram negative; E. coli, and P. aeruginosa) most of these bacteria species are harmful and cause infection to humans. And in this study was found the percent of contamination in mobile phones of male (61.11%) more than in female (38.88%) mobile phones. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed the variety of resistance of isolated bacteria to antibiotics used in this study, but most isolated bacteria were sensitive to streptomycin and kanamycin except the isolates of B. spp. and P. aeruginosa were the most resistant bacteria for antibiotics used in this study approximately.

The toxic nature and other adverse of the heavy metals lead to pollution and make it one of the most serious problems that affect certain sides of the environment. There are many heavy metal ions like the mercuric ions detected in industrial wastewaters originating from several factors such as from metal plating, mining activities, paint manufacture, etc. The above-mentioned ions isn't biodegradable and tends to be accumulated in living organisms, causing various diseases and disorders. Therefore, it must be removed from aqueous solution before discharge. In this paper, an experimental work it has been done regarding the optimal conditions of removing Hg (II) ions from water using chelating ion exchange resin namely XAD- & Pendant Multidentate Ligand Resin. The adsorption behaviour of mercury ions on XAD-& Pendant Multidentate Ligand Resin was studied as a function of the following variables: contact time, pH solutions, initial concentration of metal ions and resin dosage the adsorbent's maximum total adsorption capacity of for mercuric ions was: 0.82 mmol/g dry resin. The resin low affinity towards alkali and alkaline earth metals shows its use for samples that related to environment. The concluded results state that, XAD- & Pendant Multidentate Ligand Resin holds great potential for the purpose of removing mercuric ions from polluted wastewater

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic study of normal, benign and carcinomal human breast tissues has been carried out. To our best knowledge, this work is the first statistical research on FT-IR spectroscopy-based diagnosis of breast cancers among the Iraqi women. Because of FT-IR sensitivity to the changes in the biomolecules in the tissues, it can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of cancerous breast tissues. FT- IR spectra ware taken for 91 samples of breast tissues that were previously histopathologically identified by pathologist experienced as: 63 normal (N) samples, 8 hyperplasia (H) samples, 10 fibro adenoma (F) samples, 10 ductal carcinoma (DC) samples. Several spectral differences were detected in the frequency range between 400 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1. The ratio of intensities of the bands of A2925/A2854, A1653/A1545, A1343/A1450, A1083/A1236 and A1163/A1545 supplied conformational changes of lipids, protein, collagen, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates respectively in the breast tissues. There are remarkable differences in the spectral features between normal, benign and malignant tissues because of changes in molecules structure that accompany the transformation from a normal to a cancerous state during carcinogenesis, where the concentration of lipid is lower in cancerous breast tissues, as opposed to normal breast tissues, while the content of DNA, protein and collagen have been increased in benign and cancerous tissues . These differences in the spectral information may serve for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant forms of cancers and it represents a great threat to life for women. FT- IR spectra ware taken for 98 samples of breast tissues that were previously histopathologically identified by pathologist experienced as: 63 normal (N) samples and 35 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples that were classified in different grades 19 G1 samples,7 G2samples and 9 G3 samples in Mid-IR frequency range between 400 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1. Many spectral differences were observed in the frequency regions N-H stretching, Amide bands, C-H vibrations, and 950-1400 cm-1. The aim of this study is analyze different grades of IDC spectroscopically to evaluate the efficiency of FT-IR spectroscopy to differentiate between these grades. The results show considerable decrease in the lipid and carbohydrate content with the carcinoma grades (from G1 to G3), while, protein, collagen and nucleic acid (DNA) reveal slight increase with the carcinoma grade, that will be useful in classifying three different nuclear grades. This study demonstrates that FT-IR spectroscopy is a promising tool for accurate, rapid diagnosis of breast canser.

In this article, we study the periodic solution for a class of doubly degenerate parabolic equation with nonlocal terms and Neumann boundary conditions. By using the theory of Leray-Schauder degree, we obtain the existence of nontrivial nonnegative time periodic solution.