College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

The research studied proverbs selected from the dictionary of the language community, which Ibn Duraid mentioned in a distinct linguistic style. It showed the effect of the semantic development of the words, whose meaning evolved after they were singular until they entered into the structures of proverbs. The semantic form that the research distinguished is the semantic transition, as it deals with this type of development that is meant by writers, poets, and linguists, its implications and stages of development according to use. The researcher Adopted the descriptive, analytical, and parallel approach, and arranged the proverbs in the alphabetical system. The study was divided into two sections. The first section included a translation of Ibn Duraid, forms of semantic development, and semantic transmission. The second section included the proverbs that appeared in the dictionary of the language community, followed by a conclusion, and then the sources and references.

In his history, man knew many contracts to meet his needs, such as selling, renting, etc. But since man’s needs are endless, and the contracts with which people dealt may not be sufficient to secure their renewed needs, it was necessary to innovate new contracts that were not known at the time the legislation was revealed. Therefore, this research studies the most prominent partnership contracts between the public and private sectors, by clarifying their concept and characteristics, and then revealing the most important legal controls related to these contracts, through the rulings and rules established by jurists that control financial transactions with the rules of the true Sharia.
This research was a statement of the importance of knowing the legal controls related to the most prominent partnership contracts between the public and private sectors and activating them in practice, because of the great benefits

Imam Abu Na'im (430 AH) had a special status among the people of Sufism, and his attitude towards Sufism and its methods was of great importance to the people. Sufism spread widely in the era of Imam Abu Na’im as a religious and intellectual movement in the Islamic world. He asked for asceticism and purity of heart. Over time, his views became a path within Sufism, his slogan was asceticism and purification of hearts. He was the encyclopedia of his time; Despite his wealth of knowledge, he acted on it. After his death, he left many scientific works, and as he grew up in a religious family, he was one of the symbols of the era.
Abu Na'im knew Sufism, which was originally derived from a tribe in pre-Islamic times whose people had devoted themselves to Allah Almighty. They became famous for serving the Holy House of Allah and serving the pilgrims, and they were staying in the Kaaba, so whoever imitates them is a Sufi.
Then, he classified Sufism into two types: first, those who confirm the Sufis and their Imams, and second, the three types of those whom Abu Na'im has scolded and rejected; 1. Those who go deep into things and excesses. 2. Those who appear pure in appearance, but they are contrary in belief and deed. 3. Those who call themselves Sufis, but they are transgressors, atheists, (al-Haluliyah) and disbelievers.
And then, Abu Na'im al-Asbahani mentioned that the true Sufis based their mysticism on four pillars: 1. Knowing Allah Almighty and His names, characteristics and actions. 2. Knowledge of their souls and evils. 3. Knowing the enemy's whispers. 4. Knowing the world and its deceivers and how to avoid it.

The current study, Aqwal Al Niqaash Al Mawsili fi Tafseer Surat Al Aaraf: Jamaan wa Dirasaa, collects the sayings of the engraver from the books of interpretation and the sciences of the Qur’an and others since the manuscript does not exist, then studies it and gives the result and indicates its approval or disapproval of the scholars. The research is limited to one topic of sayings because they are many, and a conclusion is followed by a list of sources and references.

Development in Islam works to apply Allah’s law in all areas of life to reach a state of sufficiency and efficiency in Islamic society. It is known that the Islamic view of development and construction is a comprehensive view of all aspects of the material, spiritual and moral life, where Islam focuses on the human being as the focus of the development process; Because it is the only being capable of reform, change, construction as well as development, because of the features that Allah Almighty has singled out for Him without other creatures, including reason and thinking, as the Islamic religion fought negative concepts that stand in the way of development in society such as laziness, dependency, not seeking and taking reasons.

The multiplicity of dictionaries has benefited us, as we see them complementing each other until they reach the nearest point to perfection in terms of collection and statistics, as well as the difference in collecting, classifying and criticizing the material, the authors have differed in their consideration of a particular text, some of them transmitted and sufficed, and some of them transmitted and criticism.
Among these lexicographers is al – Gawhari, the anther of a dictionary (Taj al – lughah and Sahih al- Arabiya), who is the anther of a dictionary Scholars abbreviated it as (Al-Sahih), this dictionary has been based on many studies in the past.
And recently, but it is still a source and a net resource for other studies, and this is what prompted us to choose this title as I found in it an eye- catching phenomenon spread between its lines, which is (the cursing interpretation) of many of the words and not others, and this may be inclined to care about philosophy and logic.
As for the reasons, they are many, including caring for women and why they are called that, or following the moon's mansion, or being attached with wine, its colors and method of manufacture, and much more.

The research sheds light on the poetic evidence that contradicts in its appearance the rules and constructions of grammarians, specifically what Ibn Aqil stated in his explanation of Alfiya Ibn Malik that its appearance is contrary to those rules. This form is contrary to the rules of grammarians' interpretation and appreciation by presenting the opinions of grammarians in each of those witnesses and the statement of the reason for it in Bab Al Ibtidaa as a model for the research.

The literary text must contain the elements of imagination and surprise, and these elements are provided by shifts in metaphor, linguistic structures, phonetic aspects, and letters through which the language contains shifts that push and shake the recipient and its role in supplying a scene in which the scenes are crowded, prompting the recipient to reveal and be affected by it, that the Al-Hudhali poetic text revealed the ability and ability of Al-Hudhali, which he enjoys. The poetic artistically and aesthetically showed the poet Al-Hudhili as a producer that presents scenes and events in a sequential, sequential manner, and its ability lies in moving the feelings of the recipient and attracting attention by charging poetic scenes with situations based on a sequence in narrating events and making images, which enables us to see and see people, places and time in a state of moving beyond the constraints of stability and survival. within reach of the recipient.
Its importance in the poetic text lies in its ability to move the scenes and intensify the significance and make them in a dramatic sequential sequence of growing events, making the recipient a listener, beholder, and witness to it.

The study deals with Imam al-Bukhari’s personal and scientific life and the scholars’ praise for him. Also, it presents the definition of his correct mosque in terms of the reason for its classification and the time that the classification took. Then, the name of his book and its condition has been stated, followed by the status of the right mosque and the interest of scholarsinit,withthewaytoclassifyit.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and the best of prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, and upon his family and companions who are the guides and those who follow them in goodness until the Day of Judgment. The Holy Qur’an is the immortal book of Allah, and the miracle of His Messenger Muhammad, may Allah bless Him and grant Him peace, that does not perish forever. "Afalaa Jatadabarun Al Quran Wa Law Kana Min Indi Gheire Allahi Lawajadu Fihi Ightilaafan Katheera" (An-Nisa: 82). The Prophet, PBUH, said:" Kheiru Al Quroon Qarni Thuma Thua Allatheena Jalunahum". Abu Majles ,may Allah have mercy on him,was one of the great followers who had the honor of serving the Holy Qur’an and learned from its knowledge. He witnessed the collection of the Noble Qur’an during the era of Othman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) . His real name is Lahiq bin Hamid bin Saeed bin Khalid bin Katheer bin Hubaish bin Abdullah bin Sadus Al-Sadousi Al-Basri. The books that were translated for him did not specify the year of his birth, and the year of his death differed among scholars.
Research Plan includes an introduction, a preface, and two sections. The first one deals with Abu Majles: his name, pedigree, attributes, and positions. The second section involves his characteristics and attitudes. The second section tackles Shijukhs of Abu Mijlez and his students, and the scholars’ praise of him.

The current study aims to reveal the level of third-grade intermediate students in linguistic sense skills and its relationship to their attitude towards the Arabic language. To achieve this aim, research materials and tools were prepared, which consisted of a list of appropriate linguistic sense skills for third-grade intermediate students and a test of linguistic sense skills. To measure these skills, the measure of attitude towards the Arabic language, and a delegation of the stability and validity of these tools were confirmed. After that, the study sample was selected from the third intermediate grade students in the education of Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which consisted of (136). The descriptive approach was used due to its relevance to the nature of the current study. Then, the study tools were applied, followed by the statistical analysis, the interpretation of the results and the provision of recommendations and suggestions. The results showed a decrease in the level of third-grade intermediate students in linguistic sense skills, as well as a low level of student's attitude towards the Arabic language.

The research looks at a great Mosulian grammarian's ideas in one of his grammar books, Min Mazaaim Al Nuhaat, and makes comments on them because of their innovation and acceptance in the grammar lesson as our opinion disagrees with the majority of grammarians on an issue or agrees with one of them on a new point of view for him on a grammatical issue. We have come across many of his good opinions that rely on meaning in syntax; Without the verbal rules upon which the ancient grammarians built most of their syntax.

The research aims to identify the effect of using the cube model on the achievement of the students of the Department of Physics for Teaching Methods. The sample of the research consisted of (96) male and female third-grade students in the Department of Physics/College of Education for Pure Sciences/Mosul University, the first semester of the academic year (2018-2019). The researcher distributed the sample members into two groups: experimental and control groups. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher prepared an achievement test of the objective type and articles with a specific answer that includes the content elements of the teaching methods subject. Thus, the number of test items was (15) items distributed by (10) objective items and (5) ) article paragraphs. The researcher verified the validity and reliability of the tool as well as its psychometric properties. The experiment started on Monday (5/11/2018) and ended on Tuesday (8/1/2019). So, it lasted for 8 weeks, and after the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the test and collected and analyzed the data statistically. Hence, the results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the average achievement of the members of the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group. The researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The present study aims at investigating the effect of the learning circle model on acquiring the fifth scientific grade female students' chemical concepts and developing their scientific thinking. The sample consisted of (60) students. It was distributed into two groups, (30) students for the experimental group in the Al-Talay'a preparatory school which was taught according to the learning circle model and (30) students for the control group in the Al-Andulus preparatory school which was taught according to the conventional method. Equating procedures were used to equalize the two groups in a number of non-experimental variables. To apply the study, the researchers prepared the lesson plans for both groups of the research. To achieve the aims and test the hypotheses of the study, two tools have been required: an achievement test to measure the acquisition of chemical concepts and a test to measure scientific thinking. The achievement test was objective in the form of multiple choice and comprises (44) items. The validity of the test was examined and the content validity type was used for this purpose. The test was presented to a number of jurors and the (80%) percentage was used as a percentage for accepting the item and all items got the percentage and more. The second tool was a previously made test to measure scientific thinking which consisted of (20) items.
After collecting and analyzing the data by using the T-test for two independent samples, at (0.05) level of significance, the results indicated that:
-There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of acquiring the chemical concepts for the experimental group and those of the control group for the benefit of the experimental group.
-There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of developing scientific thinking for the experimental group and those of the control group for the benefit of the experimental group.
-There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of developing scientific thinking for the experimental group from the pretest to the posttest for the benefit of the posttest.
In light of the results obtained, the researcher concluded that the learning circle model is effective in the acquisition of chemical concepts and the development of scientific thinking. Also, a number of recommendations and suggestions are put forward.

The aim of the research was to identify (the effect of numbered heads strategy on the achievement of intermediate second-grade students in mathematics and their attitudes towards it); the research sample consisted of (64) intermediate-grade students, distributed into two groups: experimental by (30) students, and control by ( 34) Students.
The researcher studied mathematics for students of the experimental group according to the numbered heads strategy, and students of the control group according to the usual method; the researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (30) objective paragraphs of the type of "multiple choice", and a measure of the direction towards mathematics consisting of (36) paragraphs There are three alternatives (approved, neutral, disagree) distributed equally across six areas by (6) paragraphs for each field, and their validity and stability have been verified; the two tools were applied to students of the two groups, and the results showed: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0 , 05) among the mean scores of the experimental group students who N. They studied with the numbered heads strategy and the average score of the control group students who studied in the usual way in the achievement test and the measure of the direction towards mathematics for the benefit of the experimental group students.

The problem of Arabic and even Western societies is corruption. The corruption of these societies is to move away from religion. A reformer directs the members of society. A person is not born knowing everything. Therefore, guidance and pillars must be relied upon to move forward. Therefore, it was necessary to search for the approach of the Noble Qur’an in fighting corruption and the conditions of reformers. The research was entitled "Corruption and the Integrity of Reformers in the Light of the Qur’anic Texts". It included an introduction, a preface, two chapters, a conclusion, sources and references. The preamble included: defining corruption and integrity. The first topic: images of corruption in the light of the Qur’anic texts. The second topic: images of the integrity of reformers in the Holy Qur’an: and the conclusion: included the most important results that I reached during the research. As well as recommendations and suggestions.

The present research aims to identify the role of social institutions and the role of Saudi social institutions through entrepreneurship in community development according to Vision 2030. It is divided into two topics: the first topic: is the research plan which includes: the introduction, the problem of research, the importance of research, concepts, and terms. The second includes the theoretical framework of several axes, namely: the role of social institutions and their number in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, what these institutions achieved during the previous period of community and charitable projects, the role of the Mohammed Al -Ali Al -Sanea Charitable Foundation within the framework of social responsibility, linking the institution's vision to the vision of 2030, and the proposed strategies to develop the developmental services in society, recommendations and proposals for Saudi social institutions.
These recommendations and proposals have reached: not to be satisfied with volunteer work on traditional methods, but rather to create community programs that support the owners of effective and academic initiatives and seek to form a higher committee for community work that works to develop community work strategies and coordination between organizations and institutions and unifying their work channels in a way that meets the aspirations of vision Kingdom 2030. Coordination in providing aid, unifying standards and founding aid to ensure that there is no duplication in assisting, and making a guide for services provided by official and private volunteer organizations to raise awareness and introduce services, centres and bodies that provide community services.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of the thinking acceleration model in developing inductive thinking among fourth-grade preparatory students in the Arabic language subject. To achieve the aim of the research, the researchers put two null hypotheses:
1- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the acceleration thinking model and the average scores of the control group students who studied according to the conventional method in the post-acceleration thinking test.
2- There is no statistically significant difference between the mean of the difference in the pre and post-tests for the experimental group that studied according to the model of accelerating thinking and the control group that studied according to the conventional method of developing inductive thinking.
As for the research sample, it was intentionally selected from the research community and consisted of fourth-grade students in (Al-Hikma Preparatory School for Boys) in the city of Mosul for the first semester of the academic year (2021-2022) ; (32) students for the experimental group, and (32) for the control group. The researchers used the experimental method and conducted the process of equivalence between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables, which included: the chronological age calculated in months, the degree of the Arabic language subject for the previous year, the academic achievement for the previous year (general average), the intelligence quotient, and the inductive reasoning test.
To achieve the aim of the research, two tools were required: the first is the inductive reasoning test as a research tool, and the second is the achievement test. The two tests were characterized by validity and reliability. After preparing the teaching plans and the two tools, the researchers applied the experiment themselves in the first semester on Wednesday (10/11/2021) and ended on Tuesday (18 /1/2022), The post-inductive reasoning test was also applied on Sunday (1/23/2022) to the two groups. After collecting the data and statistically analyzing it, the researchers came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, including:
- Proving the effectiveness of the thinking acceleration model in developing inductive thinking among students of the fourth scientific grade compared to the conventional method by describing inductive thinking as an intellectual process and an integrated system that has its foundations, principles, skills, and practices in our schools and with the available capabilities.
- Directing the directorates of education, male and female teachers of the Arabic language, to use the accelerated thinking model as an alternative to the conventional teaching methods that make the student just a future for what he receives.
- The effectiveness of the Thinking Acceleration Model and Thelin's model in acquiring the fourth preparatory grade students of grammatical concepts and developing their inferential thinking.

This research tries to study the economic and social effects produced that the customs collection produce in the Abbasid state which were imposed on the external trade then its change to tolls taxations imposed in ratio which additional thand the decided one and collected by arbitrary ways. This research has many objectives to achieves through studying the topic of research, then recognize them as the four section of the research which could be summarized as the following:
1- Are the commercial customs taxation ( the tithes )considered as the toll ?
2- The commercial customs taxations, When and how.
3- The road-blacks and the observation sites and the centers of collecting the trade taxation.
4- The economic social effects of the commercial customs taxation.
The research adopted numerous methods besides the descriptive method to describe the historical telling's to invest them in the texts of the research, so, the inductive method has been used throughout reading the whole telling's that have to do with the topic of the research to conclude throughout it to some points that made the matter so clear to resolve the problems as well as the analytical and critical method played their role in this research.

Agricultural production is the basic pillar of food security, but the type of agricultural crops and the quantity of their production are greatly and clearly affected by natural factors of all kinds, and man has evolved in his adaptation to natural conditions in order to serve his various activities, including agricultural activity, but his control in these conditions is limited and still The natural conditions (geological structure, topography, climate, soil, and water resources) are specific to the type and location of the various agricultural activities. The uses of agricultural land are subject to natural controls, since the farmer is in direct contact with it as long as he practices agricultural activity in the open. The current research examined the study of the most important natural factors affecting the production of agricultural crops in Qayyarah district represented by the geological structure and surface appearance represented by (slope) and (elevations) in addition to the soil and its productive capacity and linking it with the production of agricultural crops for the aforementioned region for the year 2021 using geographic information systems techniques. And then building a model for spatial fit and agricultural crop production for the purpose of knowing and identifying the best spatial fit places using spatial analysis tools for the data in Arc GIS V10.8.2 to be of sure benefit as it carries new information extracted or extracted from the spatial analysis. And then the process of matching between the agricultural crop maps with the spatial fit map that was produced. The study showed a close relationship between the natural factors in the study area and the amount of crops planted for the previously mentioned year.

In Iraq, the health sector, like other service sectors, has suffered from many negative aspects, perhaps the most prominent of which is ignorance, widespread illiteracy, lack of financial allocations for this sector, the deterioration of the standard of living for the Iraqi individual, lack of social awareness, and the accompanying spread of many communicable and endemic diseases, and the resulting increase in the number of deaths specifically among children in front of this deteriorating health reality. It was necessary to adopt an official parliamentary body to transfer the negative aspects of this reality through scrutiny and finding solutions to it. Therefore, this research focused on the interventions and criticisms made by a number of representatives of the Iraqi brigades, which were not devoid of criticism and defamation, but they are something to be blamed. These interventions, despite their daring, did not receive a listening ear from the Iraqi government and the Ministry of Health, except rarely.

The Ptolemaic family, also known as the Ptolemaic dynasty, arrived in Egypt in November 332 BC with an army led by Alexander the Great. The needs of domestic markets and win foreign markets. The Ptolemies became famous for their foreign trade, and one of the reasons for commercial activity was to control most of the countries located on the shores. Ptolemy the First took control of Syria, Palestine, Cyprus and the Aegean Sea. His policy then directed to control the Red Sea. They sent a series of scout studies to understand the beaches, peoples, and resources of wealth in the Red Sea region. In the Indian Ocean, the Ptolemies tried to fully control the trade of the East coming to the North. The Ptolemies also took care of trade with the Greeks and Romans, which gave much of their experience to the expansion of the Ptolemies in foreign trade. It became very popular, especially after the purification, and the influence of the Romans increased on the shores of the Red Sea and the industries that Egypt became monopolized by spread Such as the manufacture of glass, oils, pottery, industry and others.

Women's associations appeared in Libya with the first beginnings of the establishment of the United Kingdom of Libya in the 1950s of the twentieth century. They were associated with voluntary charitable deeds based on the principles of the Islamic religion. They focused on building cultural skills and abilities for Libyan females, helping them to learn, think, and fight illiteracy and poverty through enrolling young women in illiteracy programs, in addition to national awareness programs in radio, press, symposiums and charity fairs they used to organize, especially in raising awareness of the Libyan national identity after colonial attempts to eliminate it, as well as supporting women who wish to establish small development projects to raise the level of income of the Libyan family and eliminate poverty and destitution in society. Despite the difficulties faced by the associations at that stage and some opinions opposing the education and work of women, they contributed to the consolidation of the values of citizenship and its political, economic, social and cultural dimensions.

Education constitutes an important aspect of the cultural and social aspects of the history of Algeria during the Ottoman and French eras. Due to the diversity of the aspect of schools, corners, mosques, and takayas; therefore, the research focused on the schools' aspects, the importance of Algerian educational institutions since the Ottomans entered Algeria, and the cultural, religious and scientific development they witnessed. Then, the study shows how these schools began to take a dangerous turn in their cultural and scientific levels in light of France’s educational policy since its occupation of Algeria in 1830 AD, because of its seizure of the endowment institutions that served as the main source of the educational and cultural movement in Algeria throughout historical times, and how it tried with this policy to eliminate the national personality and obliterate its components by drawing goals represented in eliminating free Arab education in Algeria, changing the culture of the people and influencing in it; To keep Algerian people living in direct dependence, and not out of control by establishing schools throughout Algeria even before the First World War, in an attempt to integrate the Algerian Arab people into European society, which will move them - according to their claim - towards civilization and development.

- Constructing a measure of change management for the forums of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Nineveh Governorate from the point of view of its employees.
_ Recognizing the role of change management in the institutional excellence of the Directorate of Youth and Sports in Nineveh Governorate.
The third chapter included the basic research procedures, and the scientific steps were followed to build the change management scale. The descriptive approach was used for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample included workers in the forums of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Nineveh Governorate, whose number is (110) and they represent (60.69%) of the total research community. The researchers used the questionnaire as an appropriate means for collecting information from the research sample. The researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage as appropriate statistical means. The researchers reached the following:
_ Constructing the measure of change management from the point of view of workers in the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Nineveh Governorate from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies in its final form, and it consists of (38) paragraphs.
The researchers recommend the following: Applying the change management scale to the rest of the sports institutions.

The current research aims to:
- Identify the correlation between sports commitment and team cohesion among the players of Mosul Football Club for advanced students.
The researcher assumes the following:
- There is a significant correlation between sports commitment and team cohesion among the players of Mosul Sports Club in football applicants.
The descriptive approach is used in a correlative style for its suitability and the nature of the current research.
The research community included the players of Mosul Sports Club who advanced in football for the competitive season 2021/2022 and who participated in the Iraq qualifiers for the first degree, numbering (30) players, (20) players after excluding the stability and exploratory experiment sample of (10) players, the proportion of the research sample reached (66.66%) of the total research community.
After verifying the scientific transactions of the two scales of validity, reliability and validity of their application to the current research sample, the researcher used the following methods to reach the results of the research: Athletic Commitment Scale, A measure of team cohesion. The researcher concluded the following:
- The two variables of sports commitment and cohesion of the sports team affect each other positively and directly and are associated with the appearance of the Mosul Sports Club players in football for applicants.
The researcher recommends the following:
Continuously enhancing the positive spirit of the players as it increases their psychological skills and thus affects their achievement and performance during matches and achieving the best results for the team.

The current research aims, firstly, at constructing a scale of skill learning difficulties in basketball for students of faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences, and secondly, at Identifying the percentages of learning difficulties, the basic skills of basketball, for both male and female students. The researchers used the descriptive survey method. The research sample consisted of (540) male and female students, and the scale was used as a tool for research through the stages of construction by defining the axes and expressions of the scale and testing them logically and statistically through discrimination coefficients and internal consistency and then finding the scientific basis for the scale from the validity of two appearances and the validity of the content, and self-honesty as well as stability and statistical description of the scale. The researchers found percentages of learning difficulties for basic skills for both male and female students. It was recommended to adopt the scale in recognizing difficulties as well as benefiting the development of curricula.

The study focused on anthropometric measurements and their relationship with the increase in the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, where 61 samples were collected for women with the syndrome and 45 samples as a control group. The results showed that the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the affected women group was higher than the control group at (p=0.05), the waist-hip ratio (WHR) of the affected women was higher than the control group at (p=0.003), and age was a major factor affecting on the levels of female hormones (estrogen and progesterone). Elderly women are usually more likely to develop PCOS due to the increase in obesity around the abdominal area and the effect on the ovulation process with age. Finally, the study proved that BMI and WHR are two new markers of increased risk factors for PCOS in women of different ages.

Data mining is the process of analyzing a quantity of data and finding relationships between them. It is summarized to obtain recognizable and useful graphic models for its users through the use of a set of automated tools to extract knowledge from its potential without making prior assumptions. The study is a step towards clarifying the principle of the fuzzy assembly algorithm on the practical and theoretical levels. The theoretical section of the research dealt with the concept of data collection and its different types, in addition to an explanation of the FCM method. While the practical part, deal with the selection of the adjacent FCM method. And the olive fruits were chosen in the practical aspect because of the nutritional, economic and commercial characteristics of this fruit, depending on some of the characteristics available in it, as those characteristics belong to more than one variety at the same time. The work of the algorithm is to detect ambiguities between the varieties under study and then distinguish between them. As well as knowing the similarities between them to determine the extent of similarity between the types of olives. Its purpose is to expand the geographical area of olive cultivation and to find new hybrid varieties that have high-quality features. The researchers used the Python language to implement the practical side, and the algorithm proved highly efficient in determining the genetic characteristics of olive fruits in the research sample, The most important finding of the research is that the FCM algorithm was very flexible in dealing with different types of data and incomplete data processing, as well as its smoothness in dealing with different systems and programs.

The study includes the preparation of complexes Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) with Schiff base ligand (HNMBH2) which is derived from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide with 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthalene carboxaldehyde. The properties of which were characterized by infrared, magnetic measurements, molar conductivity measurements, electronic spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 1H and13 C, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is found that the ligand acts as neutral tridentate to give high-stability mononuclear complexes that have a tetrahedral or square planar structure.

A Sensitive, rapid and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium in an aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitophenylhydrazine in the basic medium in the presence of potassium periodate to produce an intense orange colour product, soluble in water, stable and gives maximum absorbance at 484 nm. The linearity of Beer's law was in the range of 2.5-75 μg/ml of sulfacetamide. The molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity, and detection limit were 3202.92 L/mol.cm, 0.07936 µg/cm2 and 0.50476 μg/ml respectively. This method is applied successfully to the determination of sulfacetamide in pharmaceutical preparation (eye drops and ointment).

The study focused on the Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and its relationship with the regularity of the menstrual cycle and the increase in infertility in women. The study sample consisted of 93 infertile women, with 60 samples as a control group. The results showed a significant decrease in the AMH concentration in infertile women, compared to the healthy women for all age groups of infertile women compared to healthy women at the probability level (P = 0.05), and age is a major factor affecting hormone levels, and usually, older women are more susceptible to deficiency AMH due to decreased ovarian production of eggs with age and decreased fertility, especially after the age of 35 due to a decrease in the number and quality of eggs, as an egg is sent from the ovary to the female’s uterus every month from the time of puberty to menopause. The study also showed that the AMH level in infertile women with a regular menstrual cycle is higher compared to infertile women who suffer from irregular menstruation, which indicates the possibility of AMH deficiency is one of the factors that affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle. Finally, the study proved that AMH is a new indicator of increased risks of infertility and miscarriage in women, especially with menstrual disorders for all age groups.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of some phenolic compounds (Catechol, Resorcinol and Quinol). The method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of these compounds with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in the presence of cupper sulphate as oxidizing agent in alkaine medium forming a brown colour. The products show maximum absorption at 404 nm, 474 nm and 392 nm for Catechol, Resorcinol and Quinol respectively. The molar absorptivities are 12133, 7695 and 16570 l/mol.cm for concentrations obeyed Beer’s law in the range 0.2 - 14, 0.04 - 18 and 0.2 - 4 μg.ml-1 for the above compounds respectively. The average recovery was ranged between 97.72% and 100.05% with relative standard deviation less than 3.4 for all the studied compounds, The 4-AAP products were formed in the ratio of 1:2 phenolic compound: 4-AAP With the exception of the complex catechol:4-amino antipyrine, it is in a 1:1 ratio. The stability constant of the products was 1.8369 × 104 (l.mol-1) , 2.82 × 1010 and 1.285 × 1010 (l2.mol-2) for Catechol, Resorcinol and Quinol products respectively indicating the good stability of these products, The effect of a number of interfering substances represented by primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines and other organic compounds was also studied. Finally, the results obtained indicate the selectivity of the method as there was no interference from the additives.

In this paper, polymeric compounds were prepared from unsaturated polyester as a base material with sisal fibres with different weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) as a reinforcing material. After comparing the unsaturated polyester before and after reinforcement of the prepared compounds, it was found that there is an increase in the values of mechanical properties (Hardness strength, Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Impact strength) when reinforced by weight (4%) at room temperature; however, when treated at temperatures (8.55) ℃, it was found that the
hardness, compressive and tensile strength decrease when heat treatment is at (8.55) ° C, the impact strength increases at higher temperatures and decreases at lower temperatures. It was also found that the thermal conductivity decreased at all temperatures (8.55)℃, which indicates that the polymeric composites consisting of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Nylon 66 are good heat insulators.

حضر الكاربون المنشط في هذه الدراسه من نوى ثمار المانكو ( Mangifera indica L). استخدام في عملية التحضير هذه الهيدروكسيدات القلويه. تعمل الهيدروكسيدات القلويه كعامل كربنه وتنشيط في ان واحد. يعمل ايون الهيدروكسيل على ازالة الهيدروجين من الماده الاوليه على شكل جزيئات ماء وبالتالي زيادة المحتوى الكاربوني للماده الاوليه. في حين يعمل الايون الموجب في الهيدروكسيل القلوي على تحديد حجم المسامات المتكونه في الكاربون المنشط المحضر.
حددت خواص الكاربون المنشط المحضر والتي شملت قياس امتزاز صبغة المثيلين الزرقاء واليود من محاليلهما المائيه والتي تعطي دلاله عن قيمة المساحه السطحيه الخارجية والداخليه على التوالي، فضلا عن ذلك تم قياس الكثافه ومحتوى الرطوبه ومحتوى الرماد.
اعطت بعض النماذج المحضرة خواص امتزازيه افضل من النموذج التجاري المجهز من قبل شركة BDH….

Through this research, polymeric composites were prepared from epoxy as a base material with silicone rubber by adding different weight percentages of silicone rubber. After conducting the experiments, the weight ratio that recorded the highest results was selected and a heat treatment was conducted for it at different temperatures (8,25,55)ºC. Some mechanical and thermal tests were conducted for it. The results, when comparing before and after the reinforcement process for the composites, showed that the thermal conductivity decreased after the strengthening process, as for the resistance to hardness, compressibility and flexibility. The values increased after strengthening, but the value of hardness, compressibility and flexibility was less at (55) C compared to the results at (8) C. As for the shock resistance, its value increased after strengthening and the increase was greater at (55) temperature compared to its value at (8) C.

In this study, one of the quantum mechanics methods, the ab-initio method DFT, was used in calculating the number of the physical variables that affect the octane number (ON). Then, these theoretically calculated variables were linked with each other as independent variables and with the octane number values of gasoline derivatives, which were calculated in practice as a dependent variable. The best result obtained through these relationships was (Total Energy, HOMO, LUMO, and Torsion), where the correlation coefficient was close to the right one and the value of the standard deviation is little. Through the results of the relations, a mathematical relationship was proposed through which the ON of gasoline derivatives was theoretically calculated, there was a convergence between the practical values with the theoretically calculated values, which indicated the success of the developed mathematical method.

Abstract
A series of nine Schiff bases were prepared by condensation of vanillin aldehyde and substituted anilines. The ionization constants of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldeneaniline and its nitro, methyl and chlorine substitutions have been determined in a buffer solution medium by spectrometric titration method at 20 ̊C. The values of the ionization constants pKa1 and pKa2 were calculated for the protonation and deprotonation of the prepared Schiff bases, respectively. A Hammett relation was applied to show the effect of the substance group on the values of extracted ionization constants.

In this study, 165 blood samples were collected, 50 samples from a healthy person as a control and 115 samples from atherosclerosis patients. An injury was diagnosed under supervision of specialized doctors in the AL-Salam Teaching Hospital / Catheterization unit. The study included the evaluation activity of some enzymes and lipids. Results showed a significant (p≤0.05 ) increase activity of enzymes: plasma killkrein in plasma, caspas_3 (cas_3)in plasma, lipoxgenase (Lox) in serum and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum (AST), while no change has occurred in the activity of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, but observed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT) in serum.Also, it was observed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in lipid cholesterol levels serum, Triglycerides in serum. The results indicate elevated levels in low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL_C), TG and very low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL_C) while it was insignificant (P≤0.05) level in high-density Lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL_C).

The Topp-Leone (TL) family is one of the methods used to generalize probability distributions to make them more flexible in application. This generalization was used to generalize the Exponentiated Rayleigh (ER) distribution, this distribution called Topp Leone Rayleigh (TLR). The statistical properties of the new distribution were studied represented by the r-order moments around zero, median, mode, quartiles, and moment generating function, skewness and kurtosis. The parameters of distribution were estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The results of the estimation method were applied to data generated with different sample sizes and values for the parameters. With the application of data represented by the lengths of the saturated carbon fibres, the research reached the most important conclusions, including that the scale parameter does not affect the skewness and kurtosis measures. While the additional parameter affected the two measures. The TLER distribution became more flexible than the ER distribution. On the practical side, it was found that the mean square error (MSE) decreases with increasing sample size. When the sample size is n = 25,50,100 and the scale parameter is fixed, and When λ = 0.5,1,2 it was found that the estimators when α = 0.75 are the best for having the smallest MSE. The lengths of carbon fibres follow the TLER distribution.

Writers have long used animals to promote favored morals and values. The depiction of animals in literature renders these nonhumans to social actors enhancing a narrative viewpoint. This appropriation between humans and nonhuman behaviors is mostly achieved through anthropomorphism, the interpretation of non-human features and events in terms of human characteristics. The relationship between humans and animals has been evolved in literature. There’s quite a variance between earlier literature and more modern works. The past few decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the way the relationship between humans and animals is demonstrated in modern fiction. Novels that were composed during the second half of the last century frequently displayed fantastically hybrid creatures that owned such exclusive human abilities as linguistic expression and philosophical thought. This is observed in Richard Adams’ Watership Down, in which wild rabbits have not only linguistic capabilities, but also culture and mythology. As the distance between the cultural world and the natural world increased- with the advance of technology, and environmental degradation- during the 2000s, authors desired to move beyond anthropomorphism and imagine the animal standing for itself, without representing or symbolizing humans. Animals were compared to humans. This is reflected in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide, which introduces the Sundarbans as a living entity, where animals stand as rivals to humans. The current research aims at introducing anthropomorphism. It endeavors to investigate the evolvement of animals in the mirror of anthropomorphism in the last decades of twentieth century and contemporary literature via portraying the way animals are depicted in Richard Adams’ Watership Down (1972), and Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2004). The study acknowledges that the dramatic advance in exposing animal capabilities is seen in the mirror of anthropomorphism, which is a standard for depicting what is wrong with the human condition.

Learning a foreign language is not only mastering vocabulary and grammar rules. It is important that students know how to give opinions, give sound reasons for those opinions, and evaluate and judge on specific situation. This is possible by integrating critical thinking skills into teaching English language receptive skills. It explains how to enrich and develop students’ thinking and implementing it in the educational process and lifelong learning. The basic aim of the current research is to provide suggestions for integrating critical thinking skills into teaching English language receptive skills. The current research ends with the conclusion that it is suggested to integrate critical thinking skills in teaching English language receptive skills for its valuable effect on developing students thinking, interaction and awareness as well as making them more interactive in the learning process.

This research focuses on translating implicit meaning conveyed through media news reports within the framework of relevance theory.
Relevance theory focuses on a core concept which dictates that speakers and listeners are interested and pay more attention to information that is relevant to their basic beliefs, thoughts, ideas, etc. In other words, a message will be optimally relevant if it is closely related to the audience points of interest, inclinations, preferences, etc.
Implicit meaning is the meaning intended by the speaker when making an utterance. Therefore, implicit meaning shows the difference between what is said and what is meant. The significance of this study stems from the fact that misunderstanding might sometimes occur in the communication process particularly when the hearer does not understand the meaning intended by the speaker. To convey the implicit meaning properly, translators should render this intended meaning accurately, thus hearers would be able to easily comprehend the targeted meaning.
Most media broadcast materials are intended to convey certain messages to their viewers and listeners. Those messages are implicitly expressed to achieve the required impact on the targeted audience. This targeted impact might be aimed to create a public opinion or certain collective tendencies towards supporting or opposing certain issues that could political, social or economic related.
The study aims at exploring various translation options available for the translator when handling the translation of the news reports implicit and intended meaning within the framework of relevance theory.
The study hypothesizes that news reports are loaded with implicit and hidden meaning and this meaning should be conveyed to their respective audience properly and in a way that conforms to the intended targeted original message.
The study also hypothesizes that only competent translators would be able to convey the implicit meaning intended by the message sender.
The third hypothesis is that listeners and text receivers will depend on their background knowledge, beliefs, and ideas to construe and comprehend the intended message in addition to making use of the surrounding context.
Finally, within the framework of relevance theory, the study hypothesizes that the intended message will be optimally relevant for the audience and hence easily received and comprehended if it is related to their interests, ideas, perspectives, inclinations, thoughts etc.
The model adopted in this research is Grice’s linguistic model 1975. This model provides an appropriate framework for the analysis of the implicit meaning which represents the core focus of this research.
The procedure adopted throughout this research will focus on translating some English news reports cited from BBC and CNN news agencies. The translation versions provided have been conducted by journalistic translators employed by both news outlets. The analysis will be mainly focused on the implicit intended meaning targeted by the news reports and how this meaning could be conveyed through the renderings of the translators to the audience within the framework of relevance theory.