journal of the college of basic education

The research aims to examine the effect of internal and external strategies on the achievement of science subjects in Al-Safa Al-Khamis primary school, achieving the research objective of the National Freedom Institutions:
) There is no difference between the two statistical means. The level (0.05) is found between the mean means of the experimental group that studies the love of life on internal and external transformations and the studies of the library groups that study the same means on internal and external strategic alliances. The chopsticks method with academic experience)
After the experimental design of the experimental and administrative group for Al-Badaiyat News for Attainment, the analytical research conducted on government primary schools today, in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, for the academic year 2023/2024, and Muharik Bah is the primary school presented. The Ministries of Education in Sulaymaniyah for the academic year 2023/2024, and there are gestures to implement experimentation and research (60) plots of land for experimentation groups on teaching strategies outside and outside the field, and (30) plots of progress for the textbook groups taught in a two-day method, and the results of the research are sufficient. In the research group before the innovations with experiences in the avant-garde variables (temporal age, correspondences, achievement, and laughter), dedicating educational subjects to specialists for teaching the first and second units of pedagogy, the ornaments to me, the words of the pure, Thursday, the day, and the researcher’s difficulty (119) Al-Khalawi, updating the giving of the classification of flowers to the cognitive field and the five equations (mnemonic, Synthetic, applied, tahlili, compositions))
Complete search for professions. Topics for more than (30) professions for professions in the first academic world of the academic world (2023/2024), which are releases for three sub-sections and the group association.
With the help of Alaa, the results of the researcher are as follows:
1- Teaching Al-Safi Al-Khamis primary school and the internal and external strategic guitar in an impressive manner in Rafi, the Encyclopedia of Education, Lada. Students in the experimental groups compete with the internal and external sections. Alaa Al-Din Al-Dubaat group training, studying chopsticks.
2- It provides internal and external strategic teaching and education for two equal knights to coordinate through their positive participation in the activities of the house and the individual group’s initiatives.
Based on this research, there are a number of explanations and solutions in the spring semester.

This research aims to identify the effect of the Knowledge Keys strategy on the acquisition of chemical concepts among second-year intermediate students. The following null hypothesis was derived: “There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will study the chemistry subject according to the Keys to Knowledge strategy and the average scores of the control group students who will study the same subject in the normal way in the test for acquiring chemical concepts.” ".
An experimental design with two experimental and control groups with a post-test was chosen to acquire chemical concepts. To achieve the goal of the research, a purposive sample consisting of (86) students was chosen and distributed among the two research groups. The number of students in the experimental group was (44) students and the number of students in the control group was (42) students.
Equivalence was conducted between the students of the two research groups with the following variables.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared the research tool, a test for the acquisition of chemical concepts: consisting of (60) objective items with four alternatives. Its apparent validity was extracted by presenting it to a group of arbitrators in education and science teaching methods. The content validity was also extracted in light of the test’s conformity. For the content studied, the power of distinction, the difficulty factor, and the effectiveness of incorrect alternatives were calculated for each item of the test using appropriate statistical methods, and reliability was extracted using the split-half method, so it reached (0.77) before correction and (0.87) after correction.
After analyzing the results statistically using a t-test for two independent samples, the results resulted in the superiority of the experimental group that studied using the Keys to Knowledge strategy over the control group that studied in the usual way in testing the acquisition of chemical concepts. In light of the research results, the researcher developed A number of recommendations and proposals were mentioned in Chapter Four

The project concern with using of Quantum mechanics Calculation methods Semi – empirical (AM1, PM3 ) methods by using the program Hyper chem. 8.08 to calculate the equilibrium geometrical structure of the drugs. Captopril and it's derivatives (R= -NH2, -O, -CL, -S, -OH)
Which are yet unused as a drugs .The physical properties of the drugs and it's derivatives Were calculate at their equilibrium geometrical structure as total energy entropy , free energy , heat capacity, dipole moment, EHOMO, ELOMO, Electronic energy, Nuclear energy, Ionization energy, Electron affinity and the IR, UV-Vis spectra . The theoretical results showed that energy of the derivatives ( - OH, - O) Were similar to that of the drug and both have an ionization energy similar to that the drug, this result was improved by the similar polarity of the drug and derivatives.

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of the "redescription"
strategy on acquiring physics concepts and central thinking among second-grade female students. The research population was selected from intermediate and high schools under the supervision of the Directorate of Education in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa for the academic Yea (2023-2024). The researcher intentionally chose a sample from Al-Tamouh Intermediate School for Girls, with a sample size of 60 students, divided into 30 students for the experimental group and 30 students for the control group. The researcher taught the experimental groupusing the Redescription strategy, while the control group was taught using traditional methods.The researcher identified the scientific material to be taught in the first five chapters of the physics textbook for the second-grade intermediate level. Additionally, the researcher prepared typical teaching plans for both research groups and conducted a test to assess the acquisition of physics concepts and central thinking. The research results were statistically analyzed using the t-test and other statistical methods. The results showed that the experimental group, taught using the redescription strategy, outperformed the control group, taught using traditional methods, in acquiring physics concepts and central thinking. Based on these findings, the researcher developed several recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to investigate the impact of the "R.E.A.C.T strategy on the social intelligence of fifth-grade female students in science." From this, the following null hypothesis was derived: "There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the students in the experimental group, who will be taught according to the R.E.A.C.T strategy, and the mean scores of the students in the control group, who will be taught using the traditional method, in the social intelligence scale."The researchers adopted an experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) with a post-test for social intelligence. The research population included all fifth-grade female students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa Second, from which a purposive sample of (60) students from Zizafoun Primary School for Girls was selected and divided into experimental and control groups (3 students for each group). The researchers ensured equivalence between the two groups based on several variables: previous achievement, previous knowledge test, Raven's intelligence, and social intelligence in the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024). The researcher selected the three initial units from the science textbook for the fifth grade during the experiment period and formulated the behavioral objectives for the topics to be studied, totaling (178) behavioral objectives according to Bloom's taxonomy levels (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing).The researcher taught the students in both research groups herself. To achieve the research objective, the researcher developed a research tool, which is the Social Intelligence Scale consisting of (32) items distributed across four domains: leadership, social relationships, social responsibility, and teamwork. Each item had three alternatives. The researcher applied the research tool to the primary sample after the end of the experiment period. After analyzing the results statistically using the independent samples t-test for the variable (social intelligence), the results showed that the experimental group, which was taught using the R.E.A.C.T strategy, outperformed the control group, which was taught using the traditional method, in the social intelligence scale with an effect size of (1.03), which is a large effect in favor of the experimental group.Based on the research results, the researcher concluded the following:Teaching fifth-grade female students according to the R.E.A.C.T strategy had a positive impact on improving their social intelligence. Therefore, the researcher recommends some recommendations and suggestions.

clinical isolates of various wound infections were collected and biochemical tests were conducted to diagnose Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The inhibitory effectiveness of silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using the etch diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was studied at concentrations (64000, 32000, 16000, 8000, 4000, 2000) micrograms/ ml, and it was found that the concentration that inhibited the growth of 18 was 4000 micrograms/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) were studied against the bacterial isolates at concentrations (2550, 6400, 3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, and 100 micrograms/ml). It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the synthetic nanoparticles was 100 micrograms/ml for a total of 15 isolates, while the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) was 200 micrograms/ml. The toxicological effectiveness of the biosynthetic silver nanoparticles was studied and it was found that the best concentration that did not cause lysis of red blood cells was 750 and 375 micrograms/ml

sign thinking on metacognitive awareness among fifth-grade female students." The researcher used an experimental design with partial control of two groups (experimental and control) with a post-test for metacognitive awareness scale. The research population included all fifth-grade female students in the government daytime girls' schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Al-Rusafa Second in Baghdad - Al-Markaz. The school was intentionally chosen to represent the research sample, with a total of (53) students. Section (A) was selected to represent the experimental group, consisting of (28) students, while section (B) was chosen to represent the control group, consisting of (25) students. The experiment was conducted in the second semester of the academic year (2023-2024),The researcher ensured equivalence between the students in the experimental and control groups in some variables that may affect the experiment results, including chronological age, pre-knowledge test in science, Raven's intelligence test, previous science achievement, parents' educational attainment, and metacognitive awareness. The scientific material was selected from the fourth and fifth units of the seventh revised edition (2023) of the science textbook for the fifth grade. Behavioral objectives were formulated for the two units, totaling (188) behavioral objectives according to Bloom's taxonomy classification for the cognitive domain levels (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating),To achieve the research objective, the researcher developed a research tool, which is the Metacognitive Awareness Scale consisting of (40) items distributed across eight components. The scale was subjected to content validity by experts in measurement, evaluation, and psychology. It was also applied to a pilot sample to verify construct validity and to extract psychometric properties. Additionally, the reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and its value was (0.927), The researcher applied the Metacognitive Awareness Scale to the research groups after completing the experiment, which lasted for (9) weeks. Data analysis was conducted statistically using the independent samples t-test and relied on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the students in the experimental group, who were taught using design thinking, outperformed the students in the control group, who were taught using the traditional method, in metacognitive awareness with a statistically significant difference and a large effect size, Based on the research results, the researcher made a series of recommendations and suggestions, which were presented in the fourth chapter

The research aims to identify the effect of the strategy (list - group - mark) in the acquisition of scientific concepts among fifth-grade primary school students in the science subject. In light of the research objective, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average The scores of the students in the experimental group who will study the science subject according to the strategy (list - group - mark) and the average scores of the students in the control group who will study the same subject in the usual way in the test of acquiring scientific concepts. The research population is all the students who study in the morning primary schools for boys in the governorate. Babylon/Al-Musayyab District for the academic year (2023 AD - 2024 AD), as the research sample included two groups, one of which was the experimental group and the other was the control group, so the researcher used an experimental design with partial control for two groups with a post-test, one experimental and the other control, and before starting to implement the experiment, the researcher was rewarded Between the two research groups for the purpose of obtaining accurate results with the following variables: (chronological age calculated in months, previous achievement, previous information test, Raven’s intelligence test), and after conducting equivalence, the researcher applied her research tool to the two research groups, to obtain the final results by processing that data. Statistically, using a t-test for two independent samples, the results showed that the students in the experimental group outperformed the students in the control group. According to the research results, the researcher developed a number of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals that were mentioned in the fourth chapter.

Concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg of nano-encapsulated and non-encapsulated Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) were used to enrich 1 kg of manufactured cream. The treatments to which encapsulated ALA was added were less susceptible to the oxidation process than the treatments to which ALA non-encapsulated was added. The Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) coating had a major role in protecting ALA by forming a protective layer that protects this acid from the action and activity of lipase enzymes. Adding encapsulated ALA to cream limited microbial growth in it. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated that Treatment C1 obtained the highest average score for the characteristics of taste, flavor, texture characteristics, color, appearance, and spreadability, which were 37, 27, 13, and 8 degrees, respectively, at the end of the storage period. Thus, it had the highest total score among all other cream treatments, which is 85 degrees. In contrast, it was found that the lowest Total scores of 39 and 48 were obtained by treatments C10 and C9, which indicates that encapsulating ALA and adding it to the cream helped preserve it for a longer period without affecting its various characteristics.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of vacuum treatment with carbon dioxide gas in controlling the different stages of the fig moth, Cadra cautella (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) that infect dates in storage. The results showed an evaluation of the efficiency of vacuum treatment with 50% and 100% second gas concentration Carbon oxide, individually, in controlling the of different stage( adults, pupae, larvae and eggs) that infect dates in the storage. The percentage of mortality increases with increasing concentration of carbon dioxide gas, as the percentage of mortality for adults, pupae, and larvae reached 100%, 70.00%, and 100%, respectively, at a concentration of 100% carbon dioxide gas at an exposure period of 240 minutes and after one day of exposure. The study also showed that exposing eggs to vacuum treatment with 100% carbon dioxide gas for a period of 240 minutes led to an inhibition of the egg hatching percentage reached 62.95%, while the lowest rate of inhibition of the egg hatching percentage was at a 30-minute exposure period, which reached 16.66%.

The current research aims to investigate the impact of the Lorsbach model on cognitive achievement in chemistry among second-grade female students. To achieve this goal, the researcher employed a quasi-experimental design with partial control. The experimental group and the control group were determined using a post-test-only design. The research population consisted of second-grade female students from governmental daytime intermediate schools in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa Second for the academic year (2023-2024). Baghdad Girls Intermediate School was intentionally selected as the research sample. Two classes were randomly selected from a total of four classes, with one representing the experimental group (31 students) taught according to the Lorsbach model, and the other representing the control group (33 students) taught using conventional methods, resulting in a research sample of 64 students. The equivalence of the two research groups was verified through several variables, including the Raven's Progressive Matrices test, previous academic achievement, and previous chemical knowledge test. The research tool consisted of a 40-item objective achievement test of multiple-choice type. Its face validity was confirmed by presenting it to a group of experts in science teaching methods and chemistry. Content validity was ensured by matching the test content and obtaining agreement among experts. Item difficulty, discrimination index, and effectiveness of distractors for each test item were calculated using appropriate equations. Test reliability was determined using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20. The research results indicated an impact of the Lorsbach model on the achievement of second-grade female students in favor of the experimental group. Based on the research findings, the current study drew some conclusions and provided recommendations and suggestions for further research

The research aims to identify the effect of using the listening triangle strategy in acquiring scientific concepts among first-grade intermediate students in science. The following null hypothesis was formulated:
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance 0.05 between the average scores of the experimental group students, who are taught according to the strategy (listening triangle), and the average scores of the control group students, who are taught according to the usual method in the test to acquire scientific concepts.
The researcher used the experimental design with the post-test, and the research sample was first-grade students intermediate in Al-Dhariyat School of Education Baghdad Governorate Karkh II, numbering (60) students by (29) students in the experimental group and (31) students in the control group has been rewarded the two groups in the previous achievement and previous information and intelligence test and was statistically insignificant, and the researcher prepared a test acquisition of scientific concepts consists From (60) paragraph of the type of multiple choice with four alternatives and a representative of the three components of the concept (definition, discrimination and application) and confirm its sincerity, and the stability coefficient was calculated and the percentage of agreement (0.82) and the results were in favor of the experimental group, which was studied according to the strategy (listening triangle) in the test of acquiring scientific concepts, the researcher has come out with some recommendations and proposals.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of using the pedagogy contract strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade elementary school students in science and their positive thinking. To achieve this goal, two null hypotheses were formulated.
The research sample consisted of (67) female students who were randomly distributed into two groups: Group (C) as an experimental group with (33) students and Group (A) as a control group with (34) students. The two groups were matched in terms of the following variables: previous knowledge of science, intelligence, and positive thinking.
The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (30) multiple-choice items and (35) items of the positive thinking scale. The validity and reliability of the tests were verified before they were applied to the research sample.
The results of the research showed that the experimental group that studied according to the pedagogy contract strategy outperformed the control group that studied using the traditional method in the achievement test and the positive thinking scale.
Based on this, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This study were aiming to test the efficiency of Nano-chitosan in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where 25 isolates were obtained from cases of wound infection, and they were obtained from the Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University, where the results showed that all bacterial isolates under study had the ability to produce biofilm and the percentage 100%, but to varying degrees in terms of the intensity of biofilm formation. The results showed that adding Nano-chitosan at rates of 2%, 04%, and 6% reduced the growth of the bacteria under study at different rates, as the highest diameter of inhibition at a concentration of 6% was (18 - 21) mm, and the diameter of inhibition at a concentration of 4% was (15 – 20) mm, while the minimum diameter of inhibition was (3-5) mm at a concentration of 2%.

The experiment was carried out during the 2022-2023 season, in the Department of Science / College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, to determine the effect of Foliartal fertilizer and Acadian organic fertilizer on the the Adhatoda vasica L plant. The experiment was designed with completely randomized blocks (RCBD) and three replicates that included three concentrations of foliar fertilizer (0, 4, 8) ml/L and three concentrations of organic fertilizer (0, 1, 2) g/L. The results of treating the plants with foliar fertilizer showed a significant increase in the traits. The results showed that a concentration of 8 ml/liter of foliar fertilizer achieved the highest significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and total chlorophyll. The high concentration of foliar fertilizer also caused a significant increase in the plant’s substance Vasicine. Also, treating plants with organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the studied traits. Double the recommended concentration of organic fertilizer achieved a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll, and plant substance Vasicine. The interaction between the treatments showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits in particular When combined with 8 ml/L of foliar fertilizer and twice the amount of organic fertilizer.

The linkage between the Dirac's approach and the Hamilton-Jacobi approach for higher order systems with constrained is studied. It is shown that the Dirac's approach his permanently agree with the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. The integrability conditions in the Hamilton-Jacobi approach hare equivalent of consistency conditions in the Dirac's approach.

This Study Demonstrates The Potential Of Mno3 Nanoparticle Addition To Enhance The Properties Of Polymeric Blends, The Effect Of Adding Mno3 Nps Was Studied In A Polymeric Blend Composed Of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) With Different Concentrations Of Mno3 Nps (3%, 5%, And 7%), And The Study Of Structural, Optical, And Electrical Properties, The Results Show The Energy Gap Of The (PVA: CMC) Film Was Reduced From 4.48 (Ev) To 3.89 (Ev) By Incorporating 7% Mno3 Nps , This Change Suggests Enhanced Optical Properties, Including Increased Light Transmission And Reflection. Furthermore, The Conductivity Of The Blend Was Increased, Rendering It Suitable For Various Applications Such As, Sensor And Optoelectronics Devices

In this study, crude aqueous and ethanol extracts was prepared from Punica granatum seeds and peels, then evaluate the anticancer effects of these extracts on cancer and normal cell lines. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Ahmed, Murtudha, Jabriyah, 2013 (AMJ13) cancer cell lines and Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF) normal cell line were used in the in vitro study. Cell line exposure times were estimated after 24, 48, and 72 hours, and normal cell line was calculated after only 72 hours of exposure in a micro titration plate under sterile conditions. Anti-cancer property of Punica granatum extracts on cancer cell lines has been reported and there was not effect on normal cell line. In this work, the MCF-7, AMJ13 and REF cell line were treated with different concentrations of four type of extracts (15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL). and the cytotoxic effect of crude extracts was investigated using the microculture tetrazolium test (MTT). The result obtained showed time and concentration dependent inhibition effect; the higher concentrations gave significantly (p<0.05) higher cytotoxic effect at 48 hours of exposure.

Arbutin (P-Hydroxyphenyl-Β-D-Glucopyranoside) Possesses Beneficial Extracted From Plant Pyrus Communis Functions Including Anti-Tumor Activities. Due To The Important Role Of Anti Tumor And Apoptosis In The Successful Treatment Of Cancer, Is Essential. The Purpose Of The Current Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Arbutin On Cell Line Hepg2 ,MCSF7 And MEF Cellline

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dye Copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) in Dioxane solvent were separately studied under normal conditions at room temperature for three concentrations.(2x10-4, 1x10-4and 5x10-5) M.
The intensities of the absorption and fluorescence spectra are increasing with the increase of the concentration which agrees with Beer – Lambert Law.
Phthalocyanine molecules (CuPc) have two absorption bands in the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The higher energy band, occurring at around 350 nm, is generally known as the B-band. The lower energy band, occurring at around 650nm, is generally known as the Q-band.
The measurement shows that the Absorption and Fluorescence spectrum have shifted to short wavelengths (Blue Shift).
Additionally, the quantum efficiency increases with the decrease in concentration.

The research deals with drifts velocities of the solar wind particles at corona region with distance ranging between 1 to 15Rʘ for different values of angles. It has been examined, that drifts velocities in parker spiral model within single particle motion model, in spherical coordinates system (local coordinate system within axis parallel to the magnetic field). In this research, it was found that, the grad B drift velocity has high result at pole region and have been getting only the slow solar wind proton with value reach to108 m/sec. and the fast solar wind vanished.

In this paper, thin films of pure PVA, TiO2 /PVA with various amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.007, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) g have been acquired by solution casting method. FTIR spectra for all samples measured in transmission mode. The effect of adding TiO2 nanoparticles is seen by changing changing transmittance whereas the behavior of the spectrum of PVA is unaffected. The optical characteristics were assessed across a wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The findings from the experiment indicate that the absorbance of TiO2 /PVA films rose as the quantity of TiO2 nanoparticles increased. There is one peak of absorption spectrum for pure PVA at (275 nm) with intensity (0.113). UV-visible analysis revealed a significant improvement in the UV protection capabilities of the hybrid films following the incorporation of TiO2. The energy gap values decreased as the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles increased, ranging from (5.15 to 4.90) eV.

The current study included the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different clinical sources, as (51) isolates were obtained from (143) samples collected from several hospitals in the city of Baghdad during September 2023 to December 2023. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done for all isolates using eleven antibiotics. After conducting the sensitivity test, the isolates showed resistance to all the antibiotics used in varying proportions, the highest ratio was to Doxycycline which is 90%, followed by Cefepime, Tetracycline, and Ceftazidime which are ranged between (83%, 75%, and 65%), respectively. While ciprofloxacin, gentamacin, and aztreonam showed the lowest rates of resistance, ranging between (18%, 20%, and 22%), respectively. This study was designed to identify multi-antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa isolates and test their ability to produce biofilm. It was found that out of 51 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa bacteria, 26 isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics, among them, 23 were biofilm producers, while 3 isolates were non-biofilm producers.

Theoretical results have been based on the current experimental data published in EXFOR library in international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) described in detail for the thermal neutron induced fission cross sections with their error in a systematic manner of U-237 and Np-237. These data reviewed and analyzed. An estimate of neutron induced fission spectrum weighted average cross sections are their respective errors of the available data preformed with a Matlab-8.0 by install a recom.m program . The authors aims of this work have been attempt, thorough statistical evaluation of existing a recommended thermal neutron fission cross sections for U-237 and Np-237 in the energy range between their respective thresholds up to 24.9MeV for U-237 and up to 19.9MeV for Np-237. The purpose of this work is to combine the recommended cross sections with recommended (n,f) cross sections of contamination Np-237 which is the daughter of U-237. The contamination contribution has been added by the in growth factor 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% from the reaction. The recommended (n,f) cross section have been averaged for U-237 and U-235 the value obtain for the ratio
is 0.6971 which is agreement with the value 0.62 obtained by McNally et al.. The spin effect term has been discussed in the binding energy calculations. The relative neutron flux for U-237 is in comparable with that for Np-237 neutron fission cross sections.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infection and it is found in different natural habitats like surface waters. It has become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and the capacity of these bacteria to form biofilm is well known. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens and aquatic samples. Sixty- six (20.625%) Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were isolated from 320 clinical samples from Medical City Iraq, Baghdad. A total of 27 (18%) water isolates were gathered from 150 different water sources in the city of Baghdad. HiCrome UTI agar and biochemical testing were used to identify every isolate. The results show that the clinical isolates were more resistance to beta lactam antibiotics than water isolates and both of them were (100 %) resist to Amoxiclav. The resistance percentage of the clinical isolates was (6.06%) Meropenem, (13.63%) Imipenem, (19.69%) Ceftazidime, (53.03%) Cefotaxime and (86.36%) Ceftriaxone, while the resistance percentage for the water isolates was zero for the Meropenem, Imipenem, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone. The infB gene was used in molecular analysis to identify the beta- lactam antibiotic resistant isolates, and microtiter plate analysis was used to determine which isolates were most capable of forming biofilms. The results show a significant difference between biofilm formations among clinical and aquatic isolates and the aquatic isolates were more than clinical isolates in biofilm formation. The biofilm formation percentage among the most resistant for beta- lactam clinical isolates was (1 isolate (10%) strong, 2 isolates (20%) moderate, and 7 isolates (70%) weak), while the percentage for aquatic isolates was (2 isolates (20%) strong, 5 isolates (50%) moderates, and 3 isolates (30%) weak). This study showed that the aquatic isolates of K. pneumoniae are more than clinical beta- lactam resistant isolates in biofilm

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infection and it is found in different natural habitats like surface waters. It has become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and the capacity of these bacteria to form biofilm is well known. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens and aquatic samples. Sixty- six (20.625%) Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were isolated from 320 clinical samples from Medical City Iraq, Baghdad. A total of 27 (18%) water isolates were gathered from 150 different water sources in the city of Baghdad. HiCrome UTI agar and biochemical testing were used to identify every isolate. The results show that the clinical isolates were more resistance to beta lactam antibiotics than water isolates and both of them were (100 %) resist to Amoxiclav. The resistance percentage of the clinical isolates was (6.06%) Meropenem, (13.63%) Imipenem, (19.69%) Ceftazidime, (53.03%) Cefotaxime and (86.36%) Ceftriaxone, while the resistance percentage for the water isolates was zero for the Meropenem, Imipenem, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone. The infB gene was used in molecular analysis to identify the beta- lactam antibiotic resistant isolates, and microtiter plate analysis was used to determine which isolates were most capable of forming biofilms. The results show a significant difference between biofilm formations among clinical and aquatic isolates and the aquatic isolates were more than clinical isolates in biofilm formation. The biofilm formation percentage among the most resistant for beta- lactam clinical isolates was (1 isolate (10%) strong, 2 isolates (20%) moderate, and 7 isolates (70%) weak), while the percentage for aquatic isolates was (2 isolates (20%) strong, 5 isolates (50%) moderates, and 3 isolates (30%) weak). This study showed that the aquatic isolates of K. pneumoniae are more than clinical beta- lactam resistant isolates in biofilm

The results successed in callus initiation from the hypocotyl stems segments of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) seedlings on the solid MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 from each of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyl adenine (BA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with ratio reached to 100% after 30 days. The growth of the callus continued until it produced typical cultures and its differentiated for vegetative branches. Also, this study acheived genetic transformation of the chamomile plant with the Ri plasmid vector isolated from Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 using the direct injection technique, with superiority the concentration of 1214.32 ng μl-1 in the percent of hairy roots produced at 80% and vegetative branches at 94%
The results determined the apigenin content in different tissues for vegetative shoots of chamomile plant using High liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) technology, where the high concentration was 0.4451 µg ml-1 in the genetically transformed tissues with Ri plasmids vector at 1214.32 ng μl-1, superior to the other samples and the lowest content of apigenin was in the vegetative shoots which differentiated from callus with 0.0121 µg ml-1.

Biological control is the use of insect such as predators and parasitoids, or pathogens such as fungi and viruses, to control unwanted insects, weeds, or diseases. Biological control dates back to 324 BC, when Chinese growers were recorded using ants to feed on citrus pests. Our study aimed to determine the effects of local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates and their Cry proteins on the larvae of Hyphantria cunea. Six strains of Bt were used: BtSY49.1, BtSY25.1, BtSY33.3, BtSY56.3, BtSY27.1 and standard strain Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk). The larvae of Hyphantria cunea were collected from the Rize region of northeastern Turkey. Seven doses were determined for each strains at the level: 10 μg/ml: 50 μg/ml: 100 μg/ml: 250 μg/ml: 500 μg / ml, 1000 μg/ml: 2250 μg/ml. Different ages of larvae were exposed to Bt strains. Larval mortality was monitored for five days, included live and dead number of larvae. The result on the first day: SY25.1Bt isolates showed positive significant differences compared to other strains except for SY33.3Bt. on second day, SY25.1 Bt showed positive significant differences compared to SY56.5Bt and Btk except for SY27.1Bt, SY33.3Bt, SY49.1Bt. On the third day, SY27.1Bt showed positive significant differences compared to SY25.1Bt, SY33.3Bt, SY49.1Bt, SY56.5Bt and Btk. On the fourth day, SY27.1Bt showed positive significant differences compared to SY25.1Bt, SY33.3Bt, SY49.1Bt, SY56.5Bt and Btk. On fifth day, SY27.1Bt showed positive significant differences compared to SY25.1Bt, SY33.3Bt, SY49.1Bt, SY56.5Bt and Btk. We can have conclude the mortality rate of Hyphantria cunea increases with the experiment days in all used strains of Bt with all applied doses, and with the progression of time, the mortality rate increases with the higher dose used

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the educational strategy, differentiation, and aids in developing some components of perceptual-motor anticipation and offensive skills for basketball juniors. Knowing the difference between the advantage of the impact of the education strategy, differentiation between using educational aids and not using them in developing perceptual-motor anticipation and offensive skills for basketball juniors. Therefore, the researchers used the experimental method with two equal groups to suit the nature of the research problem. The research population was determined from second-year intermediate students at Baqir Al-Suhail Secondary School in the Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate 3, with an average age of (15-16) years, and they numbered (58) students divided into two sections, the first of which was 28 and the second number 30. After that, the researchers determined the research sample in a systematic random way by adopting 22 students as a sample for the two research groups (they were equal), constituting a percentage of (37.93). They were divided in a random way and by lottery into two groups with (11) players for each group, an experimental group. Differentiated learning uses educational means and a control group (the method followed). The researchers resorted to codified scientific research procedures, including determining the dependent variables and testing them. After that, they conducted a pre-test. After that, educational units were prepared according to the strategy of differentiated learning using educational means, with a total of 20 educational units (two units). per week) for a period of 45 minutes, after which the post-test was conducted and the researchers intended to use the statistical package that led them to important results that led to the most important conclusions, including:
Differentiated education strategy is education that aims to raise the level of all students, not just students who face problems in predicting motor or skill perception. It takes into account the individual’s characteristics and previous experiences. The continuing education strategy has an effective impact on improving the components of students’ motor awareness and offensive basketball skills. Educational methods, according to the differentiated education strategy, have a positive role and impact on transferring knowledge, consolidating awareness, increasing learners’ experiences and skills, and developing their attitudes in an exciting atmosphere and a firm desire for better learning. There is a positive relationship between anticipating motor awareness and the attack that a basketball player must master, as players learn how to anticipate the opponent’s movements and extract important motor information. The research recommendations emphasize the application of the differentiated education strategy as it is an educational strategy that takes into account the needs of each individual student and ensures the provision of support. What is necessary to raise the level of expectation of motor awareness and skills for everyone, with a focus on enhancing the previous experiences of each student. By enhancing the use of educational methods that are compatible with the differentiated education strategy, focusing on its role in effectively transferring knowledge, stabilizing awareness and increasing learners’ experiences and skills, through designing stimulating and interesting educational environments.

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the Gilbert model (the backward chain) for learning some basic skills in table tennis. The researcher assumed that the educational curriculum prepared by the researcher would have a positive effect on learning some basic skills in table tennis. The researcher used the experimental approach to achieve the objectives of the study and solve the research problem. The research population was determined by an intentional method. As for the sample, it was chosen randomly using a lottery and was represented by middle school students (second intermediate grade) from Saqr Quraish Middle School students, numbering (98) students, divided into three sections. By lottery, two sections were selected, each section being an experimental and a control sample. The researcher concluded that: The educational curriculum has a positive impact on learning table tennis skills, and the researcher recommended the necessity of utilizing the educational curriculum according to the Gilbert model for learning skills in general and table tennis skills in particular.

The study aims to identify the extent of the impact of using sequential (inter) tests according to the constructivist method in developing and developing some technical skills in football among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The study population was third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Maysan, for the academic year. (2023-2024), and the researchers used the experimental method according to the use of one group of interconnected samples in addition to using means of collecting information and data, and educational units were prepared according to the constructivist method in football, interspersed with a group of football skill tests for a group of technical skills in football, while the study included the most important Conclusions including:
- Using the method of sequential tests according to the constructive method in football will be more effective and interesting during the performance of the educational units. The most important recommendations were:
- Emphasis on the continuous use of skill tests during the study period by professors and specialists.
- Combining different teaching methods and football skill tests to serve the educational process.

The objectives of the thesis included designing educational units according to the Pressley model, using various educational means, to teach some basic skills in football, and identifying the effect of the Pressley model, using various educational means, teaching some basic skills in football, and identifying the superior effect of the two groups in post-tests, learning some basic skills in football. The researchers used the experimental method due to its suitability and research requirements and because it is the appropriate means to prove its hypotheses. The experimental research method was adopted and the experimental design was adopted for two independent groups of equal number, experimental and control. The researchers defined the research population as first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2023-2024, adults. Their number was 179 male and female students. The research sample was limited to males only because the subject of football was taught to males, and the number of them was 132 students. They were chosen in a systematic random way, which included 30 students who constituted 22.72% of the total male population, divided into two groups, each group consisting of (15) One student was chosen randomly to represent Hall 1, the experimental group, to which the Pressley model will be applied using the various educational methods under investigation, while Hall No. 3, the control group, will be applied to the prescribed curriculum and according to the method followed. The other 15 students were chosen to represent the sample on which the exploratory experiment will be conducted from Hall 6. The researchers proceeded to important procedures in the research, including their own tests. After that, the researchers conducted exploratory experiments, from which the scientific conditions for the skill tests were extracted, after which a pre-test was conducted for the two football skill groups. After that, the researchers prepared educational units according to the Pressley model using various educational means and included 12 One educational unit per week, and the time of the educational unit is 90 minutes, and the total time of the educational units is 10.80 minutes, according to the teaching system in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, for football for first-stage students. After applying 12 educational units, the researchers conducted the post-test for the two groups. By tabulating the raw data and referencing it to modern scientific sources, research results were reached on which the two researchers based their most important conclusions, including the effect of educational units using the Pressley model supported by various educational methods on guiding students to be effective participants in the learning process by enhancing their interaction and motivation, and that the Pressley model works to Encouraging students to participate actively in the educational process, whether through group discussions, practical exercises, or problem solving. Among the most important recommendations are: Directing the attention of researchers and teachers to implementing educational units based on the Pressley model and supported by various educational methods, in order to enhance their students’ learning and increase their interaction and motivation

The aim of the research is to prepare an educational curriculum according to the (Merril) model and to prepare educational units according to the (Merril) model to learn the skill of handstand in artistic gymnastics and to identify the effect of educational units according to the (Merril) model in learning the skill of handstand in artistic gymnastics. The researchers used The experimental method based on. In the experimental method, where the two groups are experimental and control, the research population consists of third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering (93) male and female students in three halls, the first hall 31 students and the second hall. 30 students and the third hall were distributed from 32 students, which was determined intentionally. (22) female students were excluded. The researchers relied on (15) students from the third hall for the purpose of conducting exploratory experiments. As for the research sample, it was determined in a regular random manner (lottery). It was distributed The research sample consisted of two experimental and control groups. The first hall was represented by the experimental group and the second hall was represented by the control group, with (36) students for each group, representing 38.70%. The researchers followed field procedures for the research, such as a pre-test and conducting an experiment through my education according to the educational model (Merril). In addition to the post-test, one of the most important conclusions of the research is the effective and positive impact of the educational program according to the educational model (Merril), which contributed to learning handstand skills in artistic gymnastics for students. The educational process emerged from the specificity of the game and was sequential one after the other. The students interacted with their choice of exercises according to the educational model (Merril), and this helped increase the excitement in performing the lesson, and the exercises combined competition in performance with a spirit of joy and pleasure. By presenting the conclusions, the researchers recommend the following: The necessity of introducing the educational model (Merril) into the artistic gymnastics lesson for the purpose of developing the level of students and improving their skill performance for the third stage. Emphasizing the educational model (Merril) in teaching students in order to shorten time as well as economize on the tools used. .

The study aimed to prepare physical-cognitive exercises on some bio-kinematic variables and the accuracy of the jump serve skill (FLOAT) in volleyball, as identifying the effect of the researched exercises on the variables under study in volleyball, and the research community was represented by the players of Suleikh Sports Club for the 2023/2024 season and it was The research population was determined by a deliberate method to conduct the research on them. As for the research sample, it was chosen by random lottery method, provided that they met the requirements of the research, including the inability to reach the required level of accuracy in performing the skills well, as this was determined through observation and questioning the trainer, and their number reached (14). ) players aged (14-16) years, and the experimental group was chosen by random drawing and consisted of (6) players. (6) players were for the control group, and (3) players were chosen for the exploratory experiment from outside the research sample, and two players were excluded because they are libero players and are not permitted to perform offensive skills for the pre-test, and thus the percentage of the research sample reached (42.85%). The conclusions were: that the exercises prepared by the researchers had a positive impact in developing the biomechanical and skill variables for the accuracy of the wavy serve when jumping with a volleyball, which were calculated through kinematic analysis. The proposed exercises developed the level of skill performance for the skill of the wavy serve when jumping with a volleyball. The researcher recommends the use of modern devices for movement measurement and analysis by coaches to know the strengths and weaknesses when performing skills in general and the serving skill in particular for players who are late in learning skills.

The study aimed to prepare physical-cognitive exercises on some bio-kinematic variables and the accuracy of the jump serve skill (FLOAT) in volleyball, as identifying the effect of the researched exercises on the variables under study in volleyball, and the research community was represented by the players of Suleikh Sports Club for the 2023/2024 season and it was The research population was determined by a deliberate method to conduct the research on them. As for the research sample, it was chosen by random lottery method, provided that they met the requirements of the research, including the inability to reach the required level of accuracy in performing the skills well, as this was determined through observation and questioning the trainer, and their number reached (14). ) players aged (14-16) years, and the experimental group was chosen by random drawing and consisted of (6) players. (6) players were for the control group, and (3) players were chosen for the exploratory experiment from outside the research sample, and two players were excluded because they are libero players and are not permitted to perform offensive skills for the pre-test, and thus the percentage of the research sample reached (42.85%). The conclusions were: that the exercises prepared by the researchers had a positive impact in developing the biomechanical and skill variables for the accuracy of the wavy serve when jumping with a volleyball, which were calculated through kinematic analysis. The proposed exercises developed the level of skill performance for the skill of the wavy serve when jumping with a volleyball. The researcher recommends the use of modern devices for movement measurement and analysis by coaches to know the strengths and weaknesses when performing skills in general and the serving skill in particular for players who are late in learning skills.

The aim of the current research is to identify the relationship between motor abilities and its relationship to the accuracy of scoring from movement in football, and to identify the relationship between concentration of attention and its relationship to the accuracy of scoring from movement in football. Therefore, the tow researchers intended to use the descriptive method using the correlational method. The current researchers population consists of Al-Sinaa Sports Club football players for the year (2023/2024) participating in the first division league that qualifies for the Iraqi Elite League, where the current researche population consists of (24) players deliberately chosen by the tow researchers, from whom the research chose a sample of (16). ) players after I excluded the goalkeepers (3), and I also excluded (5) players as a result of the knowledgeable reconnaissance experiment, and all of these methods were done in a random manner. After seeking the help of experts, the tow researchers chose the following tests (test of motor abilities, running the plover using the (Barrow) method, 3 The tow researchers used the statistical package SPSS (version 25) to process the results, and the tow researchers concluded that motor abilities and concentration of attention play a major role in the accuracy of scoring from movement in soccer, and that there is a significant correlation between motor abilities and accuracy of scoring from movement in soccer. There is a significant correlation relationship Between focusing attention and scoring skill through football movement.

The current study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the strategy of (performative, motor, and visual encoding) to learn some football skills (handling, scoring, and dribbling). The researcher used the experimental approach by designing two equal groups with pre- and post-tests, as the research sample represented third-stage students. / Morning study, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education/Al-Mustansiriya University, numbering (60) students, divided into two groups, each group (30) students, where the results of the tests showed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the two groups (experimental and control) For the benefit of the experimental group, the researcher concluded some recommendations, including the necessity of benefiting from the visual (kinesthetic) encoding strategy due to its positive impact on learning skills (handling, scoring, dribbling) in football.

The research aimed to design a training program using parkour exercises and to know its effect on some motor and physical abilities and the performance of motor sentences in artistic gymnastics for female students, and to test its hypotheses and to achieve the objectives of the research. The researcher used the experimental method by using an experimental design for two groups, experimental and control, using a pre- and post-measurement method. The research community included Of the female students of the first stage in the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, who numbered (40) for the academic year (2023/2024), the researcher deliberately selected the research sample from among the female students, who numbered (10), and they were randomly divided into two groups based on Each of them was (5) for female students, one experimental and the other a control, and the most important results were that the proposed training program using parkour exercises has a positive effect on both motor and physical abilities (agility, coordination, flexibility, muscular ability, transitional speed). The proposed training program using parkour exercises Parkour led to an improvement in the level of motor skill performance among female students.

Feedback is considered one of the most important methods that contribute effectively to correcting errors and developing levels for players because it contains additional corrective information that serves skill work. Here in this research, the effect of biomechanical feedback is studied with the learner’s participation to analyze his motor performance and compare with a model to modify his performance after discovering errors. Which is diagnosed when performing the skill of the front smash of badminton, which is one of the basic skills on which learning of many other skills depends.
This research aimed to analyze the kinetics of the performance of the front smash skill and compare it with the biomechanical variables of one of the models, identifying the effect of biomechanical feedback on the performance of the front smash skill, as the research suggests that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the performance of the front smash skill. Forward overwhelming, the researcher used the experimental method With a one-group design with two pre and post tests to suit the nature of the research, where the study concluded that the biomechanical feedback contributed effectively through the educational curriculum in influencing the biomechanical variables and in improving the performance of the front crushing blow, which contributed to improving the level of the player, and the study recommended to rely on Biomechanical feedback for correction Mistakes in skill performance, especially the front smash shot, the use of biomechanical feedback during practical lessons, or at least presenting the skill performance to the learner versus a model performance for the learner to compare between them.

The research aims to identify the degree of performance motivation prepare educational units, and the effect of the Idea Gardens strategy among first-stage students at the University College of Knowledge/Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researchers assumed that there are no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in performance motivation and learning the two tapping skills. The researchers used the experimental method to design the control and experimental groups with pre- and post-tests. The research sample included the students of the first stage, numbering (198) students. The research sample included the two experimental B sections (65) and the control C students , numbering (60 ). (a student . The researchers used the Idea Gardens strategy and applied its steps within organized educational units. The number of educational units reached one unit per week. The implementation of the curriculum began on Monday, corresponding to 12/25/2023, and ended on Monday, corresponding to February 26, 2024. After the end of the experiment, the researchers concluded that the Idea Gardens strategy It made the students a primary focus of the lesson, which led to positive interaction among them and participation during the lesson period. Researchers recommend diversity in the use of modern strategies by the teacher in order to encourage students to learn skills, obtain excitement, suspense, and desire to learn, and stay away from boredom.

The research aims to know the effect of Micro Teaching on learning scouting skills, and to identify the preference between the experimental and control research groups. The experimental method was used because it suits the nature of the research. The research was conducted on third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/College of Basic Education for the academic year (2023-2024) as The research sample consisted of (59) male and female students, divided into five study groups: (A-B). The research sample was chosen randomly (by lottery) from the original population. They represented the two groups (A and B), respectively, and were divided into two experimental groups. And a control group with (15) students for the experimental group taught according to ( Micro Teaching ) and (15) students for the control group taught according to (the traditional method) Teaching units on learning scouting skills have been prepared in the second semester of the year (2023-2024), taught in light of the content of the prescribed curriculum. The program took (6) weeks to implement, with one educational unit per week. After completion of its implementation, post-tests were conducted, data was collected and processed using appropriate statistical methods, and the following conclusions were reached:
1- The exercises according to the Micro Teaching had a clear and effective impact in developing the students’ ability to learn skills.
2- The Micro Teaching students to interact, participate, work in groups, and ask a number of questions that develop their ideas and encourage them to solve the problems they face

he research included five chapters: Chapter one The first chapter included the research problem, its importance, objectives, hypotheses, limits, and definition of terminology The problem of the research was that the era in which we live is characterized by rapid change and renewal in accordance with the additions to knowledge, especially in teaching methods, and there are modern strategies found to improve the educational situation. It became clear to the researcher, through personal observation during implementation in schools and her continuous observation of the lessons, as well as reviewing the opinions of specialists and experts, that there is a weakness in the level of female students in learning basic volleyball skills and that their level does not rise to the required level, one of the reasons for which is the lack of use of diversity in modern and different methods and strategies. In teaching, including cooperative learning strategies and methods of scheduling exercises. Many teachers do not follow modern strategies and do not apply them in their practical lessons, and they rely on traditional methods that restrict the student’s personality and make his role negative in the learning process. Hence, the importance of research on using a cooperative learning strategy that enhances the student’s personality, makes him interact with the developments of the modern era, and helps him increase the ability to master concepts and general foundations that develop his abilities to solve problems and creativity, as well as improve his linguistic skills and ability to express, becomes clear. The research objectives included:
1. Develop an educational curriculum using a cooperative learning strategy using the method of scheduling sequential and random exercises to learn some basic skills in volleyball.
2. Identify the effectiveness of the educational curriculum using cooperative learning in light of the sequential method for learning some basic volleyball skills.
3. Identify the effectiveness of the educational approach that uses cooperative learning in light of the random method to learn some basic volleyball skills.
4. Identify which is more effective in the results of the post-tests for the two experimental groups and the control group.

Research objectives: Preparing and applying educational units according to the Adelson model using visual presentation methods, and identifying the effect of the Adelson model using visual presentation methods, the triple jump, for the students of the second stage, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Identifying the effect of the Adelson model through visual presentation methods on the effectiveness of the triple jump for second-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Identifying the superior effect of the experimental and control research groups on the effectiveness of the triple jump for second-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two groups, control and experimental. The research population was determined from the third-year students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, and their number was 59 students, Hall 1, 29 male and female students, and Hall 2, 30 male and female students. After that, the researchers selected the research sample in a systematic random way and determined the composition of each group. 10 students, and then the researchers conducted homogeneity and equivalence for the sample. After that, the researchers carried out the most important research procedures, preparing educational units according to the Adelson model using visual presentation methods. They then proceeded to conduct the pre-test and conduct an experiment for a period of 12 weeks, with one educational unit per week, the time of the educational unit being 90 minutes, and then the post-test was conducted and the researchers relied on Interpreting the results using many statistical methods and tabular comparison, he reached results that led him to many conclusions, the most important of which is the effect of the Adelson model using presentation methods in learning the triple jump. The Adelson model took into account the students’ abilities and their desire for independence. The most important recommendations of the research were - benefiting from the educational units according to Adelson's model, using visual presentation methods, teaches the technical performance of the triple jump event. Emphasis on the application of visual presentation methods to motivate students to learn through excitement and suspense and to get out of learning activities

Handball is characterized by its strength, fast rhythm and constant maneuvers between defense and attack, the number of attacks plays an important role in the outcome of the match and through the team's attack and shooting at the goal is the final peak of all playing formations, which forms the line between victory or defeat, so it must always be carried out with maximum potential of concentration and with the strongest effort interval training is one of the most important modern training methods nowadays is to perform exercises of high intensity, but the duration of execution is short, interval training consists of two main types, namely (1(
* Anaerobic interval training (HIIT(
* Aerobic interval training (AIT(
Handball is one of the games that depend on the level of motor and skill performance, and in order for players to reach higher levels, those interested in sports training are looking for the use of new training methods to develop the skill and motor performance of skills that enable them to perform well throughout the game, and the aim of the research is to prepare exercises according to the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) method .According to the research, there are significant differences between the two groups( control and experimental) in the pre-and post-tests of motor abilities and basic handball skills, The research community was deliberately selected from the students Sports Club players, and their number(20 players) continued to train and the research sample was randomly divided by drawing lots into two experimental and control groups with (10) players for each group, and the researcher concluded the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the dimensional tests.The interval training (hiit ) prepared by the researcher had an effective effect on the development of basic skills in handball. The researcher recommends using the high-intensity interval training (hiit) method to develop the motor and skill abilities of the player as a hand response.

Current research aims to identify the impact of the Bar modeling strategy on algebraic thinking skills among middle second graders in mathematics .
The research sample was deliberately selected from the average of second-grade girls in the girls' basement of the Directorate General of Babel Education. It consisted of 60 female students (30) in both the experimental and control groups. Both groups were equal in variables (intelligence, chronological age, previous achievement in mathematics and previous knowledge in mathematics). The experiment was implemented in the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024). The research tool was developed: The Algebraic Think-Skills Test, consisting of 20 multi-choice multiple-choice items with four alternatives, used the) KR-20( equation to calculate the steaminess towards) 77% (of the country's performance. After the application of the experiment, data collection and the use of statistical tools appropriate to current research, the results showed that students in the experimental group who had studied mathematics using the bar modeling strategy outperformed those in the control group who had studied the same subject using the routine method in testing algebraic thinking skills. Based on the results of the research, it was recommended that teachers be trained to use the ribbon modeling strategy effectively in mathematics teaching, that math textbooks be developed along the Singapore Mathematics Curriculum, and that algebraic thinking skills be used to diagnose the extent to which female students have algebra thinking skills. She suggests a similar study to current research on various variables such as the effectiveness of using a bar modeling strategy in developing higher-order thinking skills

The study aimed to find out (the effect of hologram technology on achievement motivation among first-grade intermediate students) The research sample consisted of (58) female students of the first intermediate grade, for the second semester of the academic year (2023-2024 AD), Noor Al-Islam Intermediate School of the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa I was chosen intentionally, and by random selection, Division (D) was chosen to be the experimental group that was studied according to hologram technology by (30) students, and Division (C) to be the group The control that studied according to the usual method by (28) students, and the two groups were divided into variables (intelligence, chronological age, previous information in mathematics, previous achievement in mathematics, and the educational level of the parents). The achievement motivation scale prepared by (Othman, 2004) was adopted, which includes (24) items, the honesty and stability of the scale was extracted if the stability coefficient reached (0.68) The experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year (2023_2024) and after the completion of the experiment, the achievement motivation scale was applied to the two research groups and after collecting data and using appropriate statistical means, the results showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the achievement motivation scale and in favor of the experimental group, and in light of the results of The research recommended the use of hologram technology for all academic levels as it raises the level of achievement motivation, as well as holding training courses for mathematics teachers and during service on hologram technology and how to employ it in teaching mathematics.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of participatory learning using the learning anchor in acquiring mathematical concepts for fifth grade students.The research sample was chosen randomly from Al-Fatwa Elementary Mixed School of the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad, Al-Rusafa First, and it consisted of (20) students from the fifth grade of primary school, with (20) students in each group of the experimental and control groups, and the two groups were rewarded in the following variables ( The chronological age in months, intelligence, previous knowledge in mathematics, previous achievement, and the educational level of the parents), and the experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2024-2023) AD, and the research tool was prepared, which is: The Mathematical Concepts Acquisition Test Component From (15) objective paragraphs of multiple-choice type and using Kewder Richardson equation (KR-20), the value of the reliability coefficient was (0.92), the search tool was applied at the end of the experiment and after data collection and using appropriate statistical methods, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group students who They studied using the learning anchor in acquiring mathematical concepts on the students of the control group who studied in the usual way, and in light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made.

The current research aims to identify the effect of teaching with the Acceleration of Thinking model on the achievement of fifth-grade scientific students in perspective subject. For the purpose of verifying the research objectives, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis (There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average The scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the Acceleration of Thinking Model and the average scores of the control group students who studied according to the regular method on the post-achievement test.)
The researcher adopted the experimental method, the experimental design with partial control for the two independent experimental and control groups, and the research population was determined by fifth-grade scientific students in the government morning secondary schools in Baghdad, Rusafa I, for the academic year 2023-2024. The researcher chose the research sample randomly, so it was (1) and its number was (40). student represents the experimental group that studied the educational material (perspective) according to the Acceleration of Thinking model, and Hall (2), which numbered (40) students, represents the control group that studied the educational material according to the traditional method. The researcher built the research tool represented by the achievement test. The test consisted of (20) items, and using the statistical package, the statistical characteristics of the achievement test (validity and reliability) were extracted. After correcting the students' answers, the researcher used the T-test equation for two independent samples to verify the significance of the differences between the two research groups.
The results showed that the experimental group that studied the subject matter according to the model of accelerating thinking was superior to their peers in the control group in the academic achievement of the perspective subject among fifth-grade scientific students. The reason is due to the process of organizing the educational experiences included in the educational units according to the model of accelerating thinking, reinforced by artistic paintings and educational activities. In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and a number of proposals.

Nowadays most organizations and governments have a huge amount of handwritten documents created via their daily transactions. It became necessary to utilize computer technologies to recognize and read handwritten texts. The domain of Image processing is capable of deciding difficult problems and simplifying human actions by converting handwritten documents into digital formulas. Recognition of Handwritten Arabic alphabets has been broadly studied in previous years. This paper presents a dataset containing Arabic handwriting that can be used to evaluate the performance of an offline writer identification system. Handwritten alphabets are complex to classify because of varied human handwriting techniques, the difference in shape and size of letters, and the angle of writing. A variety of recognition methodologies for handwritten Arabic are conferred here alongside their performance. In this paper, we present-day inclusive analysis for writer identification approaches and provide a taxonomy of database, and feature extraction techniques, as a conventional classification for writer identification. This scheme attained the greatest recognition accuracy of 99.36% based on some feature extraction techniques and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier

In this work, colloidal AgNPs have been synthesized through chemical reduction (cold method) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reducing agent, and the solution was modified by adding 0.1 ml of both NH3 and HNO3 solutions to the various pH values. The silver nanoparticles colloidal suspension was then preserved utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The impact of pH on the AgNPs’ size was discussed, and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior of AgNPs in aqueous sols prepared at various pH values varies. Surface plasmon peaks at around (434,426, 410 nm) wavelengths and different pH levels (5, 7, and11). For the reaction system; when changing different Ph values, the silver nanoparticles size scale was determined. At high pH, compared to low pH, smaller silver nanoparticles were obtained. Plasmon resonance shows a difference in the size of AgNPs. Ag NPs have a cubic polycrystalline structure, according to X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize Ag NPs.

The research aims to develop space-time estimation based on finite elements with the aim of solving the stochastic (LANS-????) Navier-Stokes equations with the multiplicative random effect and incompressible fluid turbulence, under conditions within a limited, non-periodic boundary. The polyhedral (or polygonal) domain of ℝ????, ???? ∈ {2,3}. For a fully discrete numerical scheme, the convergence analysis is studied and divided according to the spatial scale ???? into two cases, i.e. we first assume through the space partitioning step size that ???? is controlled such that It disappears when passing to the maximum, and then when ???? is constant, we present an alternative search.

A number of technologies have been used to assist and improve the use of e-learning. Recently, research has centered on developing collaborative and interactive cloud-based m-learning platforms. Cloud computing is the most recent initiative to supply computer resources as a service. Using an integrated strategy based on Cloud Computing may be a method to gain agility and rapid access to technology while also saving money at the institutional level. This research provides a review of cloud-based m-learning elements and implementations in developing nations, as well as insights on difficulties and advantages connected with cloud-based m-learning. This study reviews various planned cloud-based m-learning efforts, including their predicted advantages, difficulties, and obstacles. The study used a non-experimental, exploratory research design. This exploratory study includes an important inquiry of secondary data. The findings demonstrate that mobile cloud learning may provide cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and mobility to learning in underdeveloped nations. The usefulness of cloud-based m-learning is not yet obvious, but it deserves further attention. and it shows that the educational institutions in developing countries needs continued attention to get government support, Cloud-based m-learning in developing countries has seen modest development in recent years at various levels of education and mobile services.