Journal of University of Babylon

In this paper a proposed technique is used to improve the performance of Multicarrier ‎Code Division Multiple Access WIMAX based on Discrete Multiwavelet Transform Critically ‎Sampling DWT and Phase Matrix (PM) under the Additive White Gaussian Noise AWGN channel ‎flat fading and frequency selective fading channels. This model is used to reduce the effect of ‎multipath fading. The proposed model depends on multiplying the transmitted signal by a ‎generated Phase Matrix (PM) at the transmitter side, and the inverse of phase matrix at the receiver ‎side. The results extracted by a computer simulation for a single user. Then it compared with ‎WIMAX based Fast Fourier Transform FFT and Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT for both ‎systems. As a result, it can be seen that the proposed system have high performance improvement ‎over traditional WIMAX, were the BER is widely reduced under different channel characteristics.‎

This paper describes the optimum design of three phase induction motor for which three ‎objective function regarding motor efficiency, starting torque and temperature rise as objective ‎function. Multicriterion optimization technique is applied to finding the optimal solution. The ‎proposed method implemented on a test motor and the results are compared with the, Conventional ‎design and Simulated Annealing technique(SA) method and also compared with the original motor ‎dimensions . The results show that the Multicriterion Optimization method (MCDM) gave better result ‎

‎ The aluminum anodizing is an important process and it has a wide application in industry and ‎other important fields, the work done by applied an anodic current to Aluminum electrode immersed in ‎‎10% H2SO4 solution in a constant temperature ( laboratory temperature) , ‎‏ ‏the work done by study ‎effect of two parameters on anodized layer thickness ; first one is the time (30 , 45 , and 60 ) minutes , ‎while the se[cond one is the effect of Aluminum ions concentration ( 0 , 0.004 , 0.006 , 0.012 , and ‎‎0.023 ) M , and this mean that the study consists effect of time and effect of Aluminum ions ‎concentration each alone and study of interaction effect of both parameters. ‎

Twenty five experiments for both untreated and treated iron filings were carried out at ‎various initial concentrations of MB , flow rate, bed depth, and different ratios of iron filings .Two ‎types of experiments were carried out, batch experiments and continuous flow (column system) ‎experiments. Batch study showed that equilibrium isotherms for all the adsorbents used in the study ‎are of favorable type. The equilibrium data for methylene blue adsorption on both adsorbent well ‎fitted to the Langmuir equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of (24.47 mg/g) and ‎‎(25.03 mg/g) exhibited by untreated iron filings and treated iron filings respectively. ‎

The main purpose of this work is build a Statistical modeling of the treatment processes of a ‎shallow depth settling water treatment plant designed and constructed at Al-Nekhela Al-Gharbia ‎village (population 4800 in 500 dwellings) in the city of Hilla (Babylon Governorate) to produce ‎potable water. The raw water is taken from Al-Hilla River, a branch of the Euphrates. The best was ‎done to construct a water treatment plant that is simple to operate and made of reinforced concrete ‎and locally available materials.‎
The theory of shallow depth settling is adopted here due to the nature of the solid suspension ‎of the raw water. The treatment system produced filtered water at a rate of 5 m3/m2.hr under a head of ‎‎1.85 m above the surface of the sand layer in the filter. ‎

Transistor is reaching to its physical limits. The search for another technology is full of options. ‎Quantum dot cellular automata among other nanotechnology approaches are strongly nominated to ‎replace the transistor in the digital applications. In this paper we present a Library for the QCA components ‎using VHDL-AMS on the behavioral level. This library will give researchers the required flexibility with ‎building digital circuits for different applications because they can use different types of clocking signals ‎also using the VHDL-AMS environment help to extend the behavioral modeling to dynamical modeling.‎

‎ The problem of inverse flood routing is considered in the paper. The study deals with Euphrates ‎River in Iraq. To solve the inverse problem the Dynamic wave equations of Saint Venant are applied, ‎First the downstream hydrograph routed inversely to compute the upstream hydrograph, Two models ‎for inverse finite difference scheme of Saint Venant Equations (explicit and implicit schemes) are ‎applied. Then the sensitivity analysis studied for weight factors parameters that effect on the solution ‎and study the stability and accuracy of the result (inflow hydrograph). Finally, the computed inflow ‎hydrograph compared with the observed inflow hydrograph and analyze the results accuracy for both ‎inverse routing methods to evaluate the most accurate one. The results showed that the schemes ‎generally provided reasonable results in comparison with the observed hydrograph and the results for ‎inverse implicit scheme of Saint Venant equations are more accuracy and less oscillation than that ‎obtained by the inverse explicit scheme.‎

Since rainfall is an integral component in the hydrologic cycle, engineers must be able to ‎quantify rainfall in order to design structures dealing with the collection, conveyance, and storage of ‎runoff. In this paper data of annual rainfall depth (mm) from 1969 to 2009 years for four ‎meteorological stations in Iraq, namely, Baghdad, Najaf, Kerbala, and Diwaniya are analyzed to ‎determine the characteristics of the observed frequency distributions. An attempt is made to fit four of ‎the available theoretical distributions, i.e., the Normal, Log Normal, Log Normal type III, and Gamma ‎distributions. The Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov indices, and the graphical goodness of fit tests ‎are applied to compare each of the theoretical distributions and those observed. In the remainder of ‎this paper Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves for extreme rainfall values for the four ‎meteorological stations in Iraq with durations of 15, 30, and 60 min. are obtained. Gumbel's extreme ‎value distribution, the Normal and the Log Normal distributions are used to fit the annual extremes ‎rainfall data with 5, 10, 15, and 50 years return periods. ‎

For preparing a metal specimen surface the type of the solution needed for such purpose is the ‎most important, so the typical conditions for the behavior of steel in sodium hydroxide solution were ‎selected due to the wide utility of such metal in such environment especially in degreasing or cleaning ‎steps preceded many electrochemical or chemical processes. Behavior of steel in 10, 25 and 50 g/l of ‎NaOH solution for intervals of 30, 60 and 90 minute at 80 0C were analyzed by weight loss and ‎polarization method. It was stated according to statistical study (ANOVA) or (F-Test) that the weight ‎loss change at constant concentration with varying time has little effect. Also with concentration ‎variation at fixed time but their effect together has a sound appearance. By using the said statistica an ‎empirical relation was obtained which interrelates the weight change with concentration and time, from ‎which the optimum concentration of NaOH was appointed.‎

Since an DWT- DMWT based speech scrambler retains aconsiderable residual intelligibility ‎in the scrambled speech; thispaper proposes a new speech-scrambling technique to remove ‎theresidual intelligibility from the scrambled speech. The proposednew technique, based on the ‎combination of an appropriate QPSK mapping method, can scramble speech withoutresidual ‎intelligibility by permuting several frequencycomponents. Without residual intelligibility in the ‎scrambledspeech, the proposed QPSK speech scrambler is secure from frequency domain ‎attacksby eavesdroppers. In addition, the QPSK speech scrambler needs only two 2D(DWT-‎DMWT) operations insteadof the four required by the 1D(DWT-DMWT)based speech scrambler in ‎systemstructure. Simulation results are also presented to show theeffectiveness of this proposed ‎technique.‎

Establishing a realistic working profile of soil properties has been, and is still, one of the most ‎challenging problems facing geotechnical engineers. Geotechnical assessment are important and plays a ‎critical role in all construction works particularly in‏ ‏projects involved substantial amount of ground ‎improvement, so, it was helped in suggesting design for appropriate control measures. This study can ‎provide and use as a reference and guidance to estimate site characterization of Hilla city that can be ‎used as potential inputs for designing structures by the city planner, civil and geotechnical engineers. In ‎order to make a geotechnical evaluation and make a general description to determine types of the subsoil ‎of the study area, Five boreholes was drilled to a depth of (15m) from existing ground surface at several ‎sites and laboratory tests were carried out in each area of Hilla city, in addition to large existing data as a ‎results of in-site and laboratory tests from previous geotechnical studies taken from 110 boreholes ‎distributed over different area in Hilla city. ‎
Chemical Analysis for‏ ‏soil and ground water were conducted and the results shows that ground ‎water is small alkalinity, medium to high in salts and it has contain harmful amount of sulfates. Result of ‎chemical tests of soil shows that the sulphat contact of soil between (0.2-1.9)%, Percentage of Organic ‎Matter Content (ORG) is between (0.03-0.06)%,‎‏ ‏Total soluble salts (T.S.S.) between (0.9-2.7)%, Gypsum ‎content between (0.25-0.67)% and chloride content between (0.034-0.08)%. ‎
The results shows that number of vales (N) of standard penetration test (SPT) is between (4-48) ‎blow and elevation of water table is between (0.3-1.3)m below natural ground surface (N.G.S). The ‎moisture content (M.C) is between (19%-34%) of samples weight. Specific gravity is between (2.67-2.76). ‎Results of analysis of grain size distribution indicate that the majority contents of soil profile consist of silt, ‎sand and clay and this ratios are fluctuating with depth , also results indicates that the percentages of ‎gravel content is between (0-7)%, clay content is between (10%-66%), silt content is between (14%-70%), ‎and sand content is between (4%-74%). Liquid limit (L.L)of soil is between (28%-6‎‏1‏‎%),Plastic limit (PL) is ‎between (20-39)% and the plasticity index (P.I) is (4%-26%). The average value of soil activity was ‎between (0.56-0.7) and the soil is classified to non active soil. Results from engineering properties of soil ‎indicates the soil have permeability ranging between(6.1x 10‾4 to 3.3 x10‾3)cm/sec , compression index ‎‎(Cc) between (0.06-0.3) for shallow depths, unconfined compression test (qu) between (47-155) Kn/m and ‎the value of (cu) is between (2.6-4.4) ton/m2, and (u) is between (7-11) degree. The dynamic and static ‎methods was used to evaluate bearing capacity of soil and the results indicate that the allowable bearing ‎capacity of soil are ranging between (4.3-7) Ton/m2 in different location in Hilla city . The geotechnical ‎assessment of Hilla city showed that the soil profile consist of clay-silt to silt-clay with small amount of ‎sand below natural ground surface for shallow depths ,therefore soil classified to clay with high and low ‎plasticity limits, and silt with high and low plasticity limits fluctuating with depth and soil needs engineering ‎treatments which depends on project type in some places in Hilla .‎

In the present work nonlinear finite element analysis has been used to predict the load ‎displacement behavior of cellular retaining structure by using ANSYS (Analysis System) ‎‎(version 9) computer program, eight-node brick element has been used to model cellular ‎cofferdam and soil, non linear material behavior is adopted for the soil in which a Drucker - ‎Prager (DP) model is used to represent that nonlinearity ‎
The bond between cellular cofferdam and soil has been modeled by using surface to ‎surface contact element , using of models in ansys program have been carried out on one ‎‎(single) circular cell of width to height ratio equal to (1.00), with embedment depth ratios equal ‎to (0.2H, 0.3H, 0.4H ) , and use three type of soils, these types subbase ,sand passing sieve ‎No.4 and river sand . and their results are compared with experimental data[Al-Khyatt, (2009)] ‎and found to give good agreement.‎

In this paper, the design of controller that realizes the operation of PhotoVoltaic (PV) panel at its ‎maximum power point tracker (MPPT) by means of microcomputer ( microcomputer- based MPPT) and ‎then examine the efficiency of system controller. The maximum power point tracker system used consists ‎mainly of solar panel (the source), DC/DC converter (the load conditioner), the microcomputer ( proceeds ‎the data and execute the MPPT algorithm), the data acquisition ( acquires the real current and voltage ‎from the panel), and the load. The over all system operation is implemented practically using the most ‎popular three control algorithms (P&O, Inc-Cond., and Power derivation), and the obtained results ‎demonstrate the reliability of the control system.‎

This study presents a series of experimental investigations on combined flow over curved ‎weirs and below rectangular gate to find the hydraulic characteristics of the flow. Six combined ‎parabolic bottom triangular weirs were constructed and tested for two different triangular angles [θw = ‎‎45° and 60°] respectively. A generalized discharge model is proposed relating the discharge ‎coefficient(Cd) , the weir head(hw), gate opening ratio parameter in addition to weir geometry, the ‎distance between the weir and the gate (Z), and weir opening ratio (bw/hw). Analysis of the results ‎revealed that discharge equation is suitable for horizontal channel bed under submerged flow and for ‎free flow. The predictions of equation shows fair agreement with experimental data.‎

Glass fiber reinforced mortar is considered as a new building material, which has different ‎properties than those of ordinary mortar. Glass fiber reinforced concrete or mortar is usual for one or ‎more of the following reasons. Structural such as (loading, fire, and earth quake), handling such as (to ‎with stand stocking, transport and erection stress), and shrinkage (to with stand differential stresses). ‎Glass fibers were found to improve significantly the tensile strength, flexural strength, and they were ‎little affected on the compressive strength.‎
Three mixes of glass fiber reinforced mortar in addition to the reference were selected, using ‎glass fiber content at (1, 1.5 and 2)% by weight of cement. The tests used to study the material ‎characteristics were compressive strength, flexural strength and nondestructive test by Schmidt ‎hammer.‎
These tests showed that the mortar mixed with 1% fiber content gave a higher compressive and ‎flexural strength than the mortar mixed with 2% fiber content.‎
The nondestructive tests by Schmidt hammer which used to estimate the surface hardness of ‎mortar . A high compressive strength and rebound number for (plain mortar) than the compressive ‎strength and rebound number and of glass fiber reinforced mortar for all specimens.‎

The efficiency of the sprinklers are connected with the values of coefficients of uniformity, the higher ‎value of such coefficient means best system efficiency. In fact, the coefficient of uniformity expresses the ‎uniformity of water distribution. Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient seems to be the most popular ‎uniformity coefficient used by many researchers on the global scale. This study proposed a new method of ‎connection to improve the uniformity coefficient, and this is done by redistribute the pressures through the ‎sprinkler system. The traditional system includes dead (end) laterals, and mostly the pressure is reduced as ‎the distance between the source and the sprinkler is increased. Therefore, in this research the researchers ‎connect the laterals, so, the sprinkler system is work as a looped network, to get high pressure at the ends, ‎which lead to improve the sprinklers duty which lead to raise the system efficiency. A field data is ‎measured from a sprinkler system at Khagan Village in Babylon Governorate, 30:15:15 E, 44:40:30 N in ‎the middle of Iraq, in the period between November and December at 2011. To check the field results, ‎EPANET software version 13 is adopted for the theoretical calculations, also, analogue approach is ‎adopted to simulate the field sprinkler system for both, traditional and proposed (looped) system. In ‎Analogue approach, an electrical board is constructed to simulate the field, where, the thermal wires ‎represent the laterals, while, the resistances are simulate the sprinklers. A relationship has been concluded ‎through the derived equation between the sprinklers discharge and resistance voltage. A new relative ‎equation has been concluded by comparing both equations that are derived from the field. The results of ‎the field, theoretical, and analogue results prove that there is a great proximately among pressure results ‎from the proposed connections (looped network)as compared with the well-known traditional method. The ‎mean performance of the uniformity coefficient are raised by(7.59%) for practically looped network, and ‎raised by(11.45%) for theoretically looped network. ‎

In computer science, graphs are used to represent networks of communication, data ‎organization, computational devices, the flow of computation, etc. One practical example: The link ‎structure of a website could be represented by a directed graph. The vertices are the web pages ‎available at the website and a directed edge from page A to page B exists if and only if A contains a ‎link to B. A similar approach can be taken to problems in travel, biology, computer chip design, and ‎many other fields. The proposal design is a simulation of one algorithm in graph theory to find shortest ‎path called Dijkstra algorithm‏.‏‎ The implementation of routing algorithm in hardware design has return ‎practical solution benefit to find the shortest path in many fields (communication, search shortest ‎road, and engineering design, etc.)‎
The hardware simulation process start by specify the source and destination of the topology ‎consist of four nodes, and specify length between each connection. Then, microcontroller using in ‎embedded system is ATML89c51 will start solving the problem of Dijkstra, and find the shortest path. ‎
The experimental results show process of the hardware and the Dijkstra's algorithm, and the ‎results shows on LCD implemented with microcontroller.‎

In computer science, graphs are used to represent networks of communication, data ‎organization, computational devices, the flow of computation, etc. One practical example: The link ‎structure of a website could be represented by a directed graph. The vertices are the web pages ‎available at the website and a directed edge from page A to page B exists if and only if A contains a ‎link to B. A similar approach can be taken to problems in travel, biology, computer chip design, and ‎many other fields. The proposal design is a simulation of one algorithm in graph theory to find shortest ‎path called Dijkstra algorithm‏.‏‎ The implementation of routing algorithm in hardware design has return ‎practical solution benefit to find the shortest path in many fields (communication, search shortest ‎road, and engineering design, etc.)‎
The hardware simulation process start by specify the source and destination of the topology ‎consist of four nodes, and specify length between each connection. Then, microcontroller using in ‎embedded system is ATML89c51 will start solving the problem of Dijkstra, and find the shortest path. ‎
The experimental results show process of the hardware and the Dijkstra's algorithm, and the ‎results shows on LCD implemented with microcontroller.‎

As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in Iraqi Western ‎Desert area due to lack of surface water resources, groundwater quality and its suitability for ‎agricultural usage was evaluated. The aim of this study is to develop decision support tools for ‎identifying the optimal locations of groundwater in terms of quality to meet the future demands in the ‎western desert area. In order to assessment the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in a way of ‎high accuracy, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) will be considered and developed(integrated ‎with GIS) in this study to classify groundwater of the Umm Er Radhuma unconfined aquifer within ‎Iraqi western desert area. For this purpose, 30 wells distribution within study area were chosen to take ‎water samples during two periods (wet and dry season 2010) and analyzed for pH, electrical ‎conductivity, total dissolved solids and major ions. Results suggest that, the use of GIS and water ‎quality index (WQI) methods could provide a very useful and efficient tool to water resource ‎management.The results analysis of (IWQI) maps confirms that: over 80% of the groundwater in ‎study area falls within the ‘‘Severe restriction (SR)’’ and ‘‘High restriction (HR)’’ categories in dry ‎period . This percentage reduced to 60% in wet period due to the dilution of water from rainfall. So, the ‎groundwater from the south-eastern of the Umm Er Radhuma unconfined aquifer should be used only ‎with the soil having high permeability with some constraints imposed on types of plant for specified ‎tolerance of salts. ‎

The use of low-cost, locally available, highly efficiencient and eco-friendly adsorbents has ‎beeninvestigated as anideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from ‎wastewater. This study investigates the potentialuse of Can Papyrusfrom river for the removal of ‎methylene blue (MB) dye from simulatedwastewater.The adsorption of (MB)cationic dye by Can ‎Papyrus was firstly studied in a batchsystem at various dye concentrations. The results showed that ‎the adsorption capacity ofthe dye increased by initial dye concentration.Laboratory column ‎experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of Can Papyrus for MB sorption under ‎dynamic flow using continuous-flow column operation by varying the bed height (1, 1.5, 2.4 and 4cm) ‎and the feed concentrations (5, 10 and 15mg/l).Three kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, the ‎pseudosecond-order and Elovichmodels) were used to calculate the adsorption rateconstants. The ‎adsorption kinetics of the basic dye followedpseudo-first-order model. The experimental data ‎isothermswere analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Sips equations.The adsorption ‎was arapid with 90-99% of the dye removed within the first 10-20 min.The adsorption of MB followed ‎the pseudo-first-order rate equation and fits the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Sips equations ‎well. Themaximum removal of MB was obtained at pH 8 as 100% for adsorbent dose of 1g and flow ‎of 12.5ml/min in concentration of 15ppm at room temperature‎

تضمنت الدراسة اختيار ثلاث مواقع على شط الحلة عند مقدم سدة الهندية وفي مركز مدينة الحلة وعند منطقة الهاشمية ‏لمعرفة تأثير رمي الفضلات السكنية والصناعية ومدى ملائمته للاستخدامات المختلفة,حيث تم جمع عينات الماء الخام ولمدة ‏اربعة وعشرون شهرا من كانون الثاني 2009 إلى كانون الثاني 2011 , تم تحليل كل من الأملاح الذائبة الكلية, العسرة ‏الكلية, الأس الهيدروجيني, الكلورايد, الكالسيوم, الكبريتات, العكورة, الأوكسجين المذاب.‏
‏ أظهرت النتائج ارتفاع نسب التلوث في شط الحلة وتجاوزها حدود مواصفات المياه الصالحة للشرب حسب موديل الباحث ‏‏(‏Bahargava‏), أما فيما يخص استخدامات المياه لإغراض الري والثروة السمكية فقد بينت النتائج ملائمته لجميع المحاصيل وكذلك ‏لجميع الأحياء المائية, في حين كانت نتائج صلاحيته للصناعة غير منطقية كون قيم العسرة الكلية خارج الحدود المسموح بها نتيجة زيادة ‏تراكيز الكالسيوم المغنيسيوم في التربة المحلية إضافة إلى زيادة التبخر والانخفاض الحاصل في منسوب مياه الأنهار

‎ In this study,an experimental investigation was carried out to find the validity of using starch as a ‎concrete retarding and water–reducing admixture.Aconcrete mix of proportions(1:1.5:2.2 ) was ‎prepared.The design was based on the basic of medium slump (90±5) mm with a required compressive ‎strength of (30Mpa) at age of (28)days. The influence of using(1%,2%,3%,4%,5%)by cement weight ‎of the admixture on water reduction of concrete mixes with a given slump (90±5) mm was ‎investigated.Also the time of setting of concrete mixes was measured by means of penetration ‎resistance measurements on mortor sieved from the concrete mixture. The work also included the ‎performing of some hardened concrete tests like compressive strength at ages(3,7,28,90)days and ‎initial surface absorption at ages(1,3,7,28)days.Reasults indicated that the admixture had a little effect ‎on the water reduction,but it had a clear influence in increasing the initial and final setting time of ‎concrete mixes with different does of starch compared with refrence mix. Also results showed that ‎using a little dose of the admixture not exceed than(3%) would increase the initial setting time of ‎concrete mix more than one hour at hot weather(38 – 40)0C without causing any significant effect on ‎the properties of hardened concrete.‎

This research aims to study the effect of using ‎ ‎ on properties of hardening ‎concrete. This work involves seven concrete mixtures of ( 1 :1.5 :3 ) and water cement ratio is (0.50 ) ‎by adding and replacement metacaolin material of ( 10 ,25 ,50) % by weight of cement . Compressive ‎strength is tested of referenced concrete mixture . Adding and replacement metacaolin for concrete ‎mixture , where Compressive strength for six samples are (27, 25 ,30 ,23 , 22 , 20 , 15 ) , ( 38 , 43 , 48 , ‎‎32 , 33 , 29 ,23 ) and (42 ,54 ,57 , 40 , 38 , 32 , 18 ) N / mm 2 for ages ( 7 ,28 90) days respectively ‎‎.Increasing of compressive strength of concrete adding metacaolin with ( 10, 25 ) % by weight of ‎cement, and decreasing of compressive strength of concrete adding metacaolin with (50%) by ‎weight of cement, while replacement metacaolin concrete mixture of (10, 25, 50 ) % by weight of ‎cement occurs decreasing of compressive strength of concrete at all ages of ( 7,28,90 ) days .‎
Also , average splitting tensile strength are tested for three samples ( 5.3 ,5.6, 5.9 , ‎‎4.2,5.0,4.7,3.68 ) , ( 5.8 ,6.1 , 6.5 ,4.6 ,5.4 ,5.1 ,4.1 ) and ( 6.4 ,6.7 ,7.2 ,4.9 ,5.8 ,5.4 ,4.3 ) N /mm 2 for ‎ages of ( 28 ,56 ,90 ) days respectively .‎
Adding metacaolin for concrete mixture of (10,25 )% by weight of cement improves the ‎compressive strength of concrete comparing with referenced concrete mixture opposite of replacement ‎metacaolin for concrete mixture where has negative effecting of compressive strength of concrete for ‎all their ages . Also average splitting tensile strength are has the same condition . ‎

The search use different ratios (100% , 75% , 50% ,and 25%) of river sand as a substitute for ‎mine sand as a fine aggregate, due to its availability, in four Concrete mixtures, while the fifth mixture ‎was without river sand, in which sand from (Al – Akhthere) mine was used as a fine aggregate and ‎took as a referential mixture. The seven and twenty days ages lab. tests for the above mentioned ‎mixtures shows that the 75% partial replacement gives the highest compression, tensile, and flexure ‎strength compared with the results of the other taken mixtures, as well as it shows approximately close ‎results to that of the referential mixture . The same (75 %) mixture compared with referential mixture ‎gave 96 %, 82 %, and 90 % of the compression, tensile, and flexure strength consequently.‎