JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS

This research deals with food and water security for the Eastern Arab Countries (Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon).
The research discusses the food gap for the above countries. Eastern Arab countries also suffer from water deficit due to the domination of the source countries Turkey and (Israel).
This research concluded to abundant of conclusions and recommendations to overcome the food problem and water deficit.

Despite the great importance and economic characteristic of the barley crop as a result of increasing demand for industrial purposes due to increased health awareness among consumers and despite the fact that barley is ranked second of the total cultivated areas in comparison between the Arab countries after Syria and Morocco, but it ranked last in the production rates between Arab countries in 1996 that it targeted the Determination of cost function the production of this crop in the district of Tarmiyah season, 2010 and references estimated results to overcome the variable costs to the largest percentage of the total cost of crop College in the research sample problem representing 63.9% to the total overall costs The reason for this is that the costs of mechanical processes was ranked first among the paragraphs of the costs accounted for 31.68% of the total cost while the fixed costs accounted for a rate of 36.1% to the total overall costs.
Results of research also indicated that the volume of production optimization of the crop has reached 44.65 tons, achieving the lowest cost of production amounted to of $ 225 000 dinars / ton while the amount of space the optimum 38.9 acres note that the size of holding for the sample from 13.8 acres for the recommended expansion of the acreage of the crop of the expansion in production optimization, and the use of modern technologies in agriculture, which leads used to reduce costs and increase production.

in the previous three sections we reviewed future oil policy in Iraq has been allocated section of first and second to review the features of oil policy in Iraq since the discovery of oil until the fall of the former regime in 2003 has been found that were not there oil policy defined and stable, because this policy connected with the oil companies monopoly from hand and economic and political situation of the country, which was overwhelmed by war and economic embargo on the other hand, creating an oil industry to lag behind their counterparts in neighboring countries. The third section was dedicated to reviewing the main features of the oil policy, which researcher believes that it can be through exploitation of oil wealth exploited rationally and finally research found a number of conclusions and recommendations, which identified the mistakes and solutions, which can reach to a policy of stable oil and meet the needs of the country in achieving growth and stability economic .

Barley is considered one of the main crops in Iraq, It occupies about 44% of the total area planted with grains and represents 31% of cereal production for the period 1980-2009. The objective of this research is to analyze the total revenue and total cost to identify the economic efficiency of barley through the application of some indicators of economic efficiency. The Sample random included 27% of crop farmers in the province of Diyala - Muqdadiya.
The results showed that mechanical work accounted for 50% of the hiqhest variable costs and that the family business was his biggest contribution rate between the fixed costs. The results of the economic criteria used (profit, net income, return on family work, management revenue, revenue of the dinar, the recovery of capital, the amount of production at break-even point) as positive and rewarding, which was 75862.56051, 54167.1, 34357.1, 2.5, 1.06, 3.7 on order. The results showed a positive correlation between the high level of income and land area.

Computing the costs of strategic decisions such as re-selling is a very important technique in decision – making and particularly decisions of financial nature.
This research clarifies , through computing the costs and their means , the relations between the costs on one hand and the time on the other. It also provides a clear vision for the administration of how to make use of this relation to take the decision of replacing the old generator and investing in the new one. Keeping the old generator in service means adding more burden of the current costs to the company or the company should buy a new generator that support the efficiency of performance of the company in producing electricity and in reducing current costs at the same time.
The research recommends among other things that the administration of the company think seriously after the third year of selling the generator before the end of its productivity life – cycle . other wise , the company will be responsible to pay the current costs and the means of high costs .

The research aims mainly to measure the role of the Office of Financial Supervision in promoting disclosure and transparency by identifying aspects of the intellectual to the subject of disclosure and transparency and its role in the legislation governing the work and areas and methods used by the Bureau to enhance disclosure and transparency and make appropriate proposals to strengthen this role through similar experiences to him.
The research was based on the approach to descriptive analysis using a questionnaire, which contained 26 questions measuring the role of the SAI in promoting disclosure and transparency, as a result of the distribution of questionnaire to 40 employees in the bureau was reached that the role of the SAI active in promoting disclosure and transparency by focusing on its traditional objectives of reporting irregularities and to express an opinion in the fairness and clarity of financial statements and the basis of these results provided some recommendations that are related to using the Internet facilities, and periodic reports, and the emphasis on some of the legislation and standards in the promotion of disclosure and transparency.

The general budget of the state is based on annual estimates of government revenues and expenses, is considered as a financial economical and political document is used by balance rule
The University of Mustansiriyah , one of the institutions of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq .. The University's administrative structure within a number of districts in addition to colleges, the Directorate of Finance Affairs and the Directorate of Hostels
The financial records of the University show's that, the amount which required to cover the needs of the Directorate of hostels is a financial burden, can not expect its limits, in return for very low income, and make matters worse, increasing students complained the dormitories. May become a burden consumes a large budget of the University.
In this research, the researcher aims at and through the experience and the reality of financial records for financial year 2009 show's that the size of the financial burden and causes, with some proposed solutions that aim's to reduce this burden

Higher education represents the most important pillars of the development of human societies and the tools needed to that development reference to its entity in preparing and creating the technical and scientific quality frameworks in order to achieve the social and economical development. In addition to its role in the creation of knowledge and spread . the adoption of quality assurance systems in the higher education come as a response to the requirements of the society and stimulate innovation and scientific research so as to achieve sustainable development for the service of the human community.
This research focuses on one of the most important components of the system of higher education "output", the purpose was to measure the quality of higher education outputs and to identify the strengths and weaknesses, the are basic eight- axes questionnaire designed these represent the most significant outputs of our Iraqi universities. the research covered two samples: (A) from the university represented by the teaching staff from some of the Mid- Euphrates universities. the sample (B) from outside the university, they are managers and officials from most of labor market institutions in the Mid- Euphrates, the appropriate statistical techniques were used to analyze the sample results, the study found A number of conclusions; a many the most significant ones is consensus of the whole sample on the quality of some outputs and on the contrary, with others . Also, it shows some difference in the visions of both samples categories in the quality of some outputs as well.

The research aims to study the impact of information systems resources in achieving competitive strategies: a case study. The study population represents Umniah Company for Mobile Communications in Jordan. A random sample has been selected of 30 of the staff at the center of the company who represent the three administrative levels, high, middle and operational. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed to reflect the study model which composed of the independent variable, a resource information systems (human resources, hardware, software, data, networking) and the dependent variable is competitive strategies (cost leadership, differentiation, innovation, growth, alliance). The data were analyzed using the statistical software package for Social Sciences(SPSS). The research highlighted the following results:
1. The level of availability of system resources in Umniah company for mobile communications (hardware, software and data) is high in general. But, there is a level between high and average for each of the (human resources and networks).
2. The level of competition strategies in the Umniah company for mobile communications strategy of innovation was high. While the level varied between the high and the average for the other strategies.
3. The effect was significant statistically at the level of significance (0.05) of of information systems resources on strategies competition in Umniah company for mobile communications. And the value of coefficient of determination R ² is equal to (619.) Indicating that information systems resource in the regression model explain the percentage of (61.9% ) of the variance in competitive strategies.
4. There is no significant effect statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) of the information systems resources on growth strategy in the Umniah company for mobile communications..
The study recommended a set of recommendations, most notably: the need Umniah company for mobile communications to investment in the human capital to strengthen its core competences to use it wisely and increase job satisfaction to win the loyalty of workers and promote their citizenship to the company. The study focus on different types of competitive strategies locally, regionally and globally consistent with the vision adopted by the company.
Keywords: information systems resources, competition strategies, Umniah company for mobile communication

The impact of leadership on the performance of organizations is of great importance to the interests of businessmen and administrative thinkers at the practical and academic levels. This interest has increased in our time with the increasing complexity of the external environment of organizations and their distinction by the constant change in their variables, which caused the occurrence of various types of crises until these crises became the distinctive feature of the modern era. Therefore, organizations have become in dire need of highly influential leaders in confronting these crises. This research has come as a modest contribution to put the finishing touches on the impact of leadership in one of the vital organizations in our country, which is (the General Directorates of the Ministry of Electricity). This research aims to identify the extent of the influence of the leadership of the Ministry of Electricity in the Republic of Iraq in confronting various crises by identifying the extent to which these leaders deal with crisis management strategies and the stages of their management (discovering early warning signals, preparedness and prevention, containing and reducing damage, restoring activity, learning).

The information resource of the important resources of the Organization, and came through which Thakbak competitive advantage and superior performance down to the success Organisational. And that this information needs to run, no need to plan, organize and control in order to take advantage of them well, and benefit from their use. Pthakiq that should be the process of information management in the framework of the organizers, this represents a framework of management information system, which became one of the most important regulations that must be met in order for organizations to perform various activities.
But the existence of this system is not enough alone to achieve this, as this system should be characterized by some of the characteristics that allowed him to provide information in accordance with the considerations of timeliness, accuracy, completeness and reliability, which make the system successful, and therefore can be used optimally in the various aspects of organizational.
In this context, Research is a major problem that is there is a relationship and the impact of the characteristics of Management Information System in the indicators of success, and targeted research access to determine the nature of the correlation and effect between the offline search. The research found a conclusion essential that there is a correlation and the effect of morale of the characteristics of information system management in the indicators of the success of this system.

The literature done by the researcher and the field living on factory of al-frat Company (factory of producing plastic sack), have declared the suffering of many working individuals from high noise levels in others departments disorders resulting basically from the old machines and these causes from failure many, also open the parts of factory on the some there.
Represented Importance the current research suggestion solutions and its role through to reduce noise level inside inner environment of the factory. And providing data base about noise problems and effect on working individuals and productivity in factory, of al-frat Company (factory of producing plastic sack).

information technology Represent the backbone for organizations in the current era and private health organizations as the modern medicine technologies is one of the requirements needed to adapt to the reality of environmental health, they can not achieve a high level of health service without use of these technologies as used to achieve high quality in health service provided to patients, and this means that correlation between the availability of medical technologies and achieve the quality of the health service. the search aimed to indicate the role of modern medical technologies in achieving health service quality care in health organizations of the search sample, was found to be a correlation between information technology and health service quality , as the information technology significantly affect the dimensions of health quality care.

This research tests the relationship linkage and effect between the variable of "leadership management" and variable of "innovation management" .The research problem is how to understand the success leadership management role in the achievement of innovation management in Diyala University. A questionnaire was used in data collection depending on the distribution of (44) forms to the research sample chosen as (colleges deans and their assistants and heads of departments).Data were analyzed Using a number of statistical tools including linkage coefficient (Person) .The results were obtained by (SPSS) software .The research found set of conclusions, one of the most important thinks was that there is a linkage and effect relationship between "leadership management" and "innovation management .

The study aims to find out the Department's role in the development of roaming electronic work of the Department, in order to achieve the goal of the study, were applied to a sample of (10) members of the department managers in the General Traffic Directorate. Used the questionnaire to collect data and information, and the purpose of analyzing this data, used a number of statistical methods descriptive and analytical study to the set of results including: the absence of Tathirmanoi statistically significant for the management of wandering in the electronic administration, because of the specialty department managers in the field of electronic administration.

The components of the environment represent all what human used of sources in his daily life. That is to ensure his needs and the continuous of his life. As a result, the tourism sector contains environmental components, and that needs environmental balance. If this balance is deteriorated, it will cause environmental draining and losing of resources. Pollution does not mean increasing and concentrating of the amount of polluted item; in contrast , it means increasing and decreasing in the natural borders that allowed using resources for profitable purposes , and if that increase or decrease , it will cause damage for environment .

International organizations (Bazel Committee for Banking Auditing) make sure to put Auditing and banking supervision software’s to guarantee the stability and safety of the banking system and to guarantee its efficiency which will make a match with the renewal and developed changes and environment updates and to be sure it stay’s away from disasters.
And multiple financial crises has spawned since the beginning of the twentieth century and ending with the Credit crunch or mortgages crises the need to develop and renewal the banking auditing software’s to make her more efficiency and effective in achieving the financial security for the financial and banking sector.
From this point of view this research tries to give the idea for dependable auditing systems by the central banks with reference to the newest system (Crafte) which its has been recently mentioned a lot.
It has been foxed on the issue of the search in the constant need to develop and update the banking auditing software’s which will go along with changes and environmental updates, as it is conceder as target to spot light on the one of the newest software which is classifications software (Crafte) as one of auditing and supervising and evaluating the banking performance.
And the research has reached many conclusions and recommendation that was aimed to activate and develop the banking auditing operation.
Researchers,

This study aimed at developing and testing a model for measuring Human Resource management excellence and its effect on business results. It contains the following six human Resource management excellence criteria (key areas that firms must perform well if firms' Human Resource management is to excel): - human resources planning, Staffing, training & development, performance appraisal & rewards, Empowerment & involvement, and finally the personnel satisfaction and wellbeing issue. The main theory of this model is established on the premise that business results with respect to financial and non financial results are achieved through a set of Human Resource management excellence criteria. Based on these constructs, measurement scale was created and applied in the large Jordanian industrial firms. Measurement results indicated that large industrial Jordanian firms have well defined systematic approaches for all examined criteria, with means of all variables obtained above average, and moderate deployment in all of the examined key areas, with outcome achievements ranges from 50%-80% of the firm’s target. The prior theory of this causal model is confirmed. All of the hypothesized causal relationships in the model are statistically significant. All human resource management criteria have a strong influence on business results.