journal of the college of basic education

To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach as a method for his study, because it is the appropriate approach to achieve the goal of the research. The research community consisted of Arabic language teachers and female teachers for the third intermediate grade in the General Directorates of Education in the governorate of Baghdad six, for the academic year 2021-2022, and their number is (1126) teachers. and school, and the researcher randomly chose the research sample to be representative of the research community, as it amounted to (166(
A teacher and his teacher in the six general directorates of education, Baghdad. As for the research tool, it was a questionnaire for creative thinking skills. The validity of the tool (the questionnaire) was confirmed by presenting it to the arbitrators. The questionnaire included (8) indicators, distributed over (3) skills, and Data collection and statistical analysis of the results using the weighted mean and percentage weight, the researcher reached results, including:
1- The indicator (the content includes various alternatives for solving scientific problems in more than one way) ranked first with a weighted mean (13.3) and a percentage weight (4,62(
2- Indicator (8) (the content directs the student to express the solution in his own language) ranked last with a weighted mean of (56.2) and a weight percentile of (2.51)

To identify emotional clarity among kindergarten students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher selected the research community from the students of the Kindergarten Department - College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University. The emotional clarity scale was prepared from (34) items, and after extracting the psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability, the final version of the scale was produced and applied to the sample. (400) students, and after processing the data statistically, the researcher concluded the following:_
_ Kindergarten students enjoy emotional clarity.

Criminal thinking is one of the predictive variables of crime. and crime prediction is important in reducing and controlling it before it occurs. Therefore, the research aimed to identify the criminal thinking of preparatory students. The researcher prepared a scale for measuring criminal thinking (general, proactive, Reactive) consisting of (23) items, according to the theory of criminal thinking styles. Results show that middle school students have low (general, proactive) criminal thinking, and high reactive criminal thinking. There is no difference in general criminal thinking according to sex and economic level, but there is a difference in the interaction between sex and economic level, in favor of males who have a good economic level compared to females of the same level. And there is no difference in proactive criminal thinking according to the variables of sex and economic level, while there is a difference in the interaction between sex and economic level in favor of males who have a good economic level compared to females of the same level, and in favor of females with medium economic level over males at the same level. And there were no differences in reactive criminal thinking according to the variables of sex and economic level, not even in the interaction between them. We conclude that middle school students have a high willingness to engage in crime, if they are provoked, because of their high interactive criminal thinking, and the individual may develop proactive criminal thinking if he does not put an end to it.

The research deals with the works of four administrators who left a clear impact on the public, social and economic life in the Diyala Brigade in the period (1932-1937 AD) and were sincere in their administrative and functional work, and they are: Mahmoud Fakhri Bey (June 8, 1932 - December 20, 1933 AD), and Ahmed Aref Kaftan (December 20, 1933 - May 2, 1934 AD), Amin Khalis (May 3, 1934 - April 7, 1935 AD), Khalil Azmi (April 8, 1935 - April 24, 1936 AD), (December 8, 1936 - early January 1937 AD). The time frame for the research was determined according to the date of the change that took place in the years (1932 AD) and (1937 AD) between the administrators of the Diyala Brigade.
The governor, Mahmoud Fakhri, took care of the health aspect by building a hospital and health centers in the district, and worked to expand efforts to combat the spread of epidemics and diseases. On the economic side, he worked on addressing the problem of Diyala land ownership, and resolving disputes between farmers and landlords in accordance with the system of civil and penal clan claims in force at the time. Mahmoud Fakhry was also interested in improving the revenues of the district, especially the municipalities, to benefit from them in the completion of various service projects.
The governor, Ahmed Aref Qaftan, took care of providing health, educational and public services, as he worked to establish health centers in the Diyala district, and showed clear interest in establishing many schools in order to accept all students in government schools. As for his impact on the development of public services, he worked on constructing roads and paving them, constructing bridges and bridges, modern buildings and gardens, and cared for planting the main streets of the brigade, and establishing water and electricity projects. Thus, the work and achievements of the Mutasarrif Ahmed Aref varied, and he proved a high administrative ability in managing the brigade.
As for Amin Khalis, he had a clear impact on the provision of basic services, especially the establishment of the electricity project. In the health aspect, he opened a number of health centers in areas far from the center of the district in: Khanaqin, Baladruz, Buhriz and Qazania.
As for the governor, Khalil Azmy, he was a firm administrator, who had a prominent impact in providing various services, as he completed water projects in a number of areas of the district, as well as the electricity project. He also took care of the construction, maintenance and expansion of roads, and the irrigation of rivers in order to improve the agricultural situation. The governor, Khalil Azmi, paid great attention to the health aspect, as he made inspection tours to all hospitals and health centers in the district, and worked to provide potable water to the centers of the cities of the district, and to establish health centers in the various regions of the district, as the number of fixed clinics in Diyala increased to (fifteen) clinics. The Mutasarrif made great efforts to develop health institutions in the Diyala district to confront the diseases that were prevalent at the time. In addition, there was an expansion in the dissemination of education, as the number of students witnessed a clear increase, as their number reached in the year (1935 AD) to (3789) students, and schools were established and their numbers increased in the areas of the Diyala District, and(8)schools and kindergartens were opened in Diyala. Thus, Khalil Azmi succeeded in providing water and electricity services to the people of the Diyala district, in addition to his great contributions to improving the reality of educational and health services in the district.

The research focused on studying the geomorphological indicators affecting the slopes of Chainara Mountain that is located in the northern part of Iraq within the High Folds Belt, using geographic information systems technology and relying on the field study, with the aim of determining the level of probability of landslides over the slopes of Chinara, by conducting approved mathematical modeling of geomorphological indicators. A map of the potential for landslide hazards in the region was produced and classified into five levels. It was found that areas with moderate risk of landslides constitute the largest percentage, amounting to (32.1%) with an area of (92 km²), followed by low risk areas with a rate of (24.0%) with an area of (69 km²), High-risk areas, with a rate of (22.3%), with an area of (64 km²), and very high-risk areas, with a rate of (12.5%), with an area of (36 km²) out of the total area of the region amounting to (287 km²).

The original use in analyzing the structure of construction networks dates back to the period between 1960 and 1970, and there is no doubt that analyzing the infrastructure of building networks is of great importance, as it helps to communicate between networks within the country or between different countries in terms of the progress and integration of these networks. It can also be used as an indicator of the economic development that has reached the country. There are many indicators used in the geography of transportation and they differ depending on the objective of the study. We know the use of the excuse in measuring the degree of network interconnectedness between human settlements in the Essaouira district and from controlling knowledge of the extent of its efficiency due to its deficiency, and that is through Indicators.

The research follows the impact of Representative Izz al-Din al-Naqeeb in the debates of the Iraqi Council of Representatives in the period (1928-1958 AD), as he worked as a deputy in all electoral sessions during the research period except for the year 1937 AD, and he had a wide presence in discussing various economic, social and political issues in the sessions of the Iraqi Council of Representatives .
The research material was distributed to an introduction and four topics that dealt with his family life, the early days of his career, and his views in the Parliament regarding the internal situation in Iraq, as well as his position on some Arab and international issues.
The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: Representative Izz al-Din al-Naqeeb was one of the veteran deputies who worked in all electoral cycles, which enabled him to discuss various internal and external issues and express his opinions that were characterized by their agreement with the directions of the executive authority in most cases. Prejudice to people’s lives, such as the work of municipalities, fees, lands, public health, and agriculture. His proposals aimed at improving the economic and social situation of the citizen, and the deputy captain stood firmly in defense of the interests of the Iraqi people, especially the farmers affected by the border transgressions of neighboring countries as a result of reducing Iraq’s share of water in the tributaries of the Diyala River, Al-Naqeeb cared about Arab and international issues, especially issues of the Arab Maghreb and Syria, and Iraqi-American cooperation, and his discussions urged the Iraqi government to follow a policy supportive of Arab issues seriously and not be limited to statements and denunciations, and he believed in the importance of developing cooperation with the United States of America because of its important positive repercussions on Iraqi economy

The current research aims to:
-Building a training program based on high-impact strategies (HITS) for teachers of the Arabic language in the preparatory stage.
-Knowing the effectiveness of the strategy-based training program based on high-impact strategies (HITS) in developing the teaching competencies of Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage.
To achieve the research goals; The researcher followed the procedures of the descriptive approach, and the procedures of the experimental approach, as the researcher prepared a training program consisting of () training units with () sessions, and the researcher verified its validity by presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and in order to identify the effectiveness of the training program in developing teaching competencies ; The researcher relied on an experimental design with partial control, which is the one-group, non-randomized choice design with two tests (pre and post). General Education Department in Diyala Governorate / Khalis Education Department.
As for the research tool, the researcher prepared a (note card) for teaching competencies, after examining the literature, sources, and previous studies related to the subject of her research. A sub-field, and (5) paragraphs, and to achieve the apparent validity of the research tool, it was presented to a group of arbitrators and specialists to find out their opinions and judgment on the validity of the fields and paragraphs, so that the note card becomes its final form after modifying and deleting some paragraphs () paragraphs, as well as establishing the construction validity of the paragraphs The observation card, after applying it to an exploratory sample of (0) male and female teachers, and after verifying the validity of the tool, the researcher extracted the reliability coefficient, which amounted to (0.) , and it is considered a good stability coefficient. The research sample.
The researcher trained the research sample according to the training program based on high-impact strategies (HITS), and then re-applied the observation card (dimensionally) on the research sample. To find out the size of the impact and effectiveness of the training program and the rate of development in the teaching competencies of Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage (the research sample), and in the light of this result, I concluded that the training program contributed to the development of the teaching competencies of Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage by (%), and in In light of the research results, the researcher made several recommendations, including:
Adopting a training program based on High Impact Strategies (HITS) in in-service training programs for Arabic language teachers, because of its positive impact on their teaching competencies, and as a complement to the current research, the researcher suggested several proposals, including:
- Examining the effectiveness of a training program based on high-impact strategies (HITS) for (applicants) students in improving professional readiness.

Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon the best of God’s creation, our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
The condition is one of the methods that students have been interested in, as it is one of the constructive methods that are based on the suspension of two expressions in which the first is the cause of the second, and the failure of the first means that the second does not occur. And the verb condition sentence and the condition answer sentence. The condition is based on attachment and arrangement, and that can only be done by one of the condition tools.
The conditional tools have the precursor of the conditional sentences, so all the conditional tools have the right to be at the beginning of the sentence, some of them are letters, some of them are names, and some of them are adverbs, and they are divided in terms of work on: deterministic and non-assertive tools, and they differ in their meanings, and their syntax. Each tool has its own meaning. The occurrence of (from) the conditionality is a starting point and the differences of scholars re The opinions of the scholars and their differences are presented in a report (from) the conditionality. If it is a starting point, then they have three opinions regarding that.
Or the answer to the condition is the news, or the condition verb is the news.
I mentioned that the reason for the disagreement in which the scholars had occurred was their disagreement in the first place regarding the meaning of the sentence, and our scholars did not agree on its meaning and did not specify it.The responses were presented to the first and second opinions, then showed that the third opinion, which is the opinion that Ibn Hisham favored and supported in his opinion, is that the verb of the condition alone is the news garding its knowledge were the focus of the research. And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.

Power is viewed as an individual's ability to control valuable resources. Status means the respect that an individual receives as a result of his skills and abilities. And that both of them affect the nature of the individual's dealings with others, and that the individual's knowledge of the level of his strength and his position within the organization is important in drawing the limits of dealing with his colleagues at work, so the aim of the current research is to know both the perceived strength and status of the employees of the Midland Refineries Company. The researcher used the measure of perceived strength and status to achieve the objectives of the research and applied it to (300) employees. The results indicated that the employees have a low perceived power, and a high perceived status. We conclude from these results that the nature of the prestige gained by providing help and advice to others facilitates the enjoyment of a high prestige level. On the contrary, power is given formally.

The study aimed to assess the quality of groundwater for each well and its suitability for human uses in the study area using the weighted arithmetic method of the groundwater quality index (WAWQI), To achieve the objectives of the study, the quantitative analytical approach was used to perform spatial and statistical analyzes of field study data and laboratory analyses, and to produce maps and graphic figures using technical programs to determine the quality of groundwater in the study area, This study relied on collecting samples from (51) wells to analyze the physical, chemical and biological properties in the laboratory, and the results of the laboratory analysis were used to determine the quality of groundwater and to study the correlation between the analyzed elements and to identify the most influential elements on the quality of groundwater in the study area. The study concluded that (28) wells, with a rate of 55% of the samples, are unfit for use, while 4% of the samples are of low quality and appear in two wells, and two other wells of very low quality by 4%, while it was found that (13) wells, with a rate of 25%. The quality of the samples is excellent, and the number of wells of good quality is (6) wells, representing 12% of the study samples. The results of the Pearson coefficient analysis also showed that there is a complete direct correlation between (HCO3-TH) and (FC-TC), and a very strong correlation between (Ca-TH) and (TDS-EC), and a strong correlation between (Ca-EC) and (Ca-EC). (C-T), (Ca- TDS), (EC-TH), (TDS-TH), (SO4-Mg) and (CL-EC), and that the most effective elements in groundwater pollution are fecal coliforms, total coliforms, and total alkalinity, color, turbidity, total hardness, ferrous iron, magnesium, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, sulfates, pH, calcium. The study recommended conducting periodic laboratory analyzes of well water to identify areas of low quality and conducting appropriate treatments to raise the efficiency of groundwater quality and reduce pollution sources.

Winston Churchill is one of the political leaders and prime minister of Britain and one of the greatest personalities that appeared in British history. At the beginning of his first life as an officer in the British army, in addition to being a writer, historian and artist at the same time, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, he held many political and governmental positions in Britain, where he headed the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of the Interior, and became the British Minister of the Navy.He stood in the face of German Nazism and its leader, Hitler, who worked to rearm Germany and in World War II. He participated in all conferences that contributed to the defeat of the Axis powers and the establishment of the United Nations Organization in 1945. After the end of the war, Churchill resigned from his position, but he returned and became prime minister during the years 1951-1955 Even after his resignation from the position, he remained a member of the British House of Commons until 1964, when in his last years he suffered strokes and died in 1965.

This study aims at (the effect of participatory learning in developing the creative writing skills of the fourth literary grade students). To achieve this, the researcher selected a sample of (60) female students from the fourth literary grade in Zainab Al-Kubra Preparatory School for Girls in Diyala Education, Al-Asri neighborhood, with (30) students for the experimental group and (30) students for the control group. The researcher studied the experimental group by adopting participatory learning strategies and the group The control is the traditional method. The researcher rewarded the female students of the two research groups in the variables of chronological age calculated in months, educational attainment of parents, intelligence test, and language ability test. The researcher controlled extraneous variables that may affect this type of experimental design.
After the researcher identified the scientific material, which included (8) topics from the Arabic language book, which is to be taught to female students in the fourth literary grade for the academic year 2022-2023.
The researcher formulated the behavioral goals of the teaching plans for the subjects, and the final number reached (115) behavioral goals, and the researcher prepared model teaching plans for each of the topics specified for the experiment, and in order to measure the creative writing of the students of the two research groups, the researcher prepared a creative writing test. After applying the research tool and analyzing the results obtained by the researcher statistically, the researcher concluded that teaching by adopting participatory learning in creative writing skills is better for fourth grade literary students compared to the usual method.
She recommended the need to adopt participatory learning in the creative writing skills of the fourth grade literary students, and the researcher suggested subsequent studies similar to the current study in the rest of the branches of the Arabic language

The Valencian poets tended to establish a close relationship with the words of nature, using them in the manner of the previous poets of Andalusia, IbnHariq al-Balansi was one of the conservative poets, and like IbnHariq al-Balansi joined those who preceded him and those who followed him to this school, including IbnKhafaja and his nephew Ibn al-Zaqaq, and al-Rasafi al-Balansi, In addition to Ibn al-Abbar, IbnJubayr, and others, they were seduced by the enchanting atmosphere of nature, including the sky, sun, rivers, and Riyadh, In addition to the battles they are fighting, whether from near or far, the poet's eye was like a lens capturing every moment and a beautiful scene that raises astonishment in his imagination, so he works on translating, photographing and embodying it.

The plot of the novel ((The Turban Thief)) is based on a system of beliefs based on the contradiction between the sacred and the profane, the analyzed and the forbidden, the common and the abnormal. Not as an aesthetically influential vector in the recipient, but as an influential vector with an intellectual influence on him, to transfer from his conviction - the recipient - from an ideological focus to another ideological focus that is the objective of the correct narrator of the novel.

The study aimed to identify (the necessary teaching competencies for first-grade teachers from their point of view). The research sample consisted of (50) male and female teachers from the Second Rusafa Education Directorate in Baghdad who teach the first three grades of the primary stage, and the research tool was a questionnaire consisting of (34) items distributed over three areas: Competencies related to the implementation of teaching, the field of competencies for evaluating teaching), the researcher processed the data using the weighted mean, the percentage weight, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the percentage.
The results of the study showed that male and female first grade teachers possess teaching competencies with a weighted average for all fields of (2.28) and a percentage weight of (76.0). and distribution in an optimal manner) and recommendations, including (conducting workshops by university professors in basic education faculties for student teachers in schools in order to provide them with the necessary teaching competencies) and proposals including (conducting a comparative study of the necessary teaching competencies for male and female teachers between public schools and private schools ).

The issue of relations in all its aspects, whether Political or Commercial, aswellqs Cultural, is considered one of the important topics in the history of relations between East and west, asit had its own character in every Stage of the history of the Arad- IsLamic State, especially since it extended for aLovg period of time and took wany different forms Circumstances and events.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program in development Interactive Care among educational counselors by testing the hypothesis that ((there are no statistically significant differences between the scores of the two experimental and control groups on the scale of Interactive Care in the pre and post tests and deferred at the level of significance 0.05)). For the purpose of identifying the level of Interactive Care of the sample, the researcher adopted a scale (Noory, 2016), then the researcher extracted the statistical characteristics of the scale and it was found that all situations have discrimination and a statistically significant correlation. As the correlation coefficient for the stability of the scale was (0.84), and the value of Cronbach's alpha was (0.79), and the items of the scale were (40) items with three responses. After applying the counseling program to the experimental sample, the results of the current research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test and in favor of the experimental one. The findings of the current research are stable, and in the light of these results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

In the name of God, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of God, and praise be to God, Lord of the worlds. We praise Him, seek His help, seek guidance from Him, and seek His forgiveness. We seek refuge in God from the evils of ourselves and from the evils of our deeds.
As for after This research includes an important religious jurisprudential issue in the Muslims' faith and their lives, which is (returning peace during prayer), and the rulings it contains, which every Muslim, male and female, must understand what it means. The issue, as for the life of the author, was based in his statement of his life on some of his published scholarly works and on manuscripts of him and other scholars. Two topics, the first topic: introducing the author’s life, and it included six demands, the first requirement: his name and lineage, the second requirement: his surnames and his family, the third requirement: his birth and death, the fourth requirement: his travels, the fifth requirement, his elders and disciples, and the second topic: introducing the manuscript, the first requirement Description of the manuscript copies, the second requirement: the name of the manuscript and documenting its attribution to its author, and the third requirement: methodology in the investigation. And the third topic: is the verified text, from the manuscript (Muhammadiyah issues in the necessary religious issues by Sheikh Abdullah bin Saleh Al-Samahiji), a question ((If a Muslim says, for example: Good evening, and the listener prays, then what does he respond to, if he does not respond to him Jealous) The purpose of my research is for a Muslim to know what is the ruling on returning peace in prayer - and I do not hide from you that delving into religious issues is a vast matter, and a vast sea, and it is our duty as Muslims and researchers to understand its parties and to learn the fundamentals of our religion, and from here the idea came with the idea of my research to reach my message For everyone who wants to benefit and learn more about his religion, I ask God that my research will be of benefit, and that it will benefit everyone who reads it, researcher or otherwise, and that our Lord will reward you and us..

On behalf of prepositions in the approach, The prosecution has been proven by frequent Quranic and prose evidence in the words of the Arabs, especially in Nahj al-Balaghah of the Monotheist, the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him.

The controversy between groups and sects in Islamic societies was one of the intellectual contentious topics in the culture of Islamic societies, which was the result of (rationalism) and the different and private visions of the scholars and jurists (rationalists) of the two Mu’tazila schools. Unilateralism and the form of the individual’s vision in the Islamic society forever, and this is because the controversy was built largely on an intellectual and philosophical structure, and the debate contained in this field is partly attached to (theology) and divine knowledge and theology is a vague dialectical characteristic. It is noted that the controversy between the two groups has led to the euphoria of continuous division between them until now.

In this research, we have dealt with the subject of (the Quranic purposes of Imam Al-Sabouni in his interpretation of the elite of interpretations) (special purposes), which is represented by two topics and an introduction. In the first topic, we dealt with the beliefs of al-Sabouni in his interpretation of the elite of interpretations, and it consisted of five demands. And the fourth demand was about (freedom) and the fifth demand was about (reducing embarrassment). As for the second topic, we talked about ethics according to Al-Sabouni in his interpretation, Safwat al-Tafseer, and it consisted of five demands. The first demand was about (determination of human dignity) and the second demand was about (reporting human rights). The third, I talked about (forming a good family), the fourth requirement, about (justice for women and their liberation from the oppression of the Jahiliyyah), and the fifth requirement, he spoke about (building the martyr nation on people), then the conclusion, followed by the references sources.

The Crusades and their effects on modern and contemporary political life are among the important topics in oriental and historical studies because the effects of those wars are still continuing on our political, social, economic and cultural lives as well as on the military. To take two directions, the first of which is related to the extension of the time limit, so as to include the study of the events that preceded the eleventh century AD, and what followed the fall of Acre in the year (690 AH / 1291 AD) , which called it the late Crusades in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In directing the Crusades, as for the Crusades between the East and the West, it turned out that the wars The Crusades are one of the stages of the long, bitter struggle between the East and the West, and we learned that the Crusades were not local or regional wars, but were, by today's standards, a global war. A crusade, so this term includes all the wars that took place between the two sides to this day. And we concluded that the modern and contemporary trend of the Crusades is that some historians specialized in the Crusades began to mention in their writings the issue that the Crusades did not end in the year (690 AH / 1291 AD) as is found in most of the writings that were written by writers and orientalists about the Crusades, but rather they are still continuing Evidence that there are some books that represented this trend in the study of the Crusades.

The importance of statistical analysis lies in the fact that it has recently been able to put its scientific methods and theories into practice as well as its theoretical importance and its broad practical benefits. This reflects the modern trend of statistics and its use by industrial sites of all kinds and activities in order to reach wise decisions. Why has a role،Prominent in the field of planning for the distribution of industrial sites in the province of Baghdad, and drawing development policies for various industries, through which it is possible to provide accurate data, information and statistical indicators in order to achieve goals and enable those in charge of the planning and follow-up process to implement all stages of the drawn plans.Analytics and forecasts simplified digital or charted and approved globally. In this research, the simple correlation coefficient (Pearson Correlate) was used, the correlation between the number of factories and the climatic elements, and their suitability in terms of the number of factories and the number of workers in these factories, and between the climatic elements that greatly affect the industries within these factories. located in Baghdad Governorate for the period (2001-2020), being one of the important quantitative statistical methods to determine the importance and variation of industrial sites and types of industries in the province The quantitative trends of the relative changes between the number of factories and the number of workers and industries in Baghdad governorate for the period (2001-2020) were presented and analyzed, as we found through them that the positive relative change and the average correlation of a number of industrial sites were achieved in (food industries) only, as for ( Chemical industries, construction industries, chemical materials and products, textile industries) which recorded a relatively negative change. As for the number of employees, it recorded a relatively negative change in all industrial branches except for the refined oil products industry, which recorded a weak correlation.

This study aims to identify “the effect of the treatment cards and scale strategies on written expression among fifth-grade primary school students.” The researcher followed the experimental research approach and chose an experimental design with partial control for the three research groups appropriate to the circumstances of the current research. The researcher randomly chose (Al-Nubalaa) School for Boys, affiliated with the Holy Karbala Education Directorate, to represent the research sample. The school included (4) classes for the first intermediate grade, and by random drawing method, the researcher chose Class (C) to represent the first experimental group of (38) students, and Class ( A) to represent the second experimental group, which numbered (36) students, and (B) to represent the control group, which numbered (37) students.
The researcher rewarded the research groups in variables (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the academic achievement of the fathers and mothers, the scores of the Arabic language subject in the mid-year test for the fifth grade of primary school for the academic year 2021/2022, the Raven intelligence test).
The researcher identified the scientific material included in the experiment with eight literary topics from the reading book for the fifth grade of primary school. Then she formulated behavioral objectives in accordance with the prescribed educational material, reaching (148) cognitive behavioral objectives within Bloom’s classification for the first three levels of the classification. Then she prepared study plans for groups. During the three studies, the experiment lasted a full semester of the academic year (2021-2022 AD), which is the first semester.
The researcher used the following statistical methods appropriate for her research procedures (Smirnov test for normal distribution, Levene's test for homogeneity, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient, difficulty coefficient, discriminatory power coefficient, effectiveness of false alternatives, Al-Facronbach equation, Schiff's method, and eta for effect size. ).
The researcher also concluded some results, including:
1- The current research contributed to finding a solution to the problem of the low level of reading comprehension and written expression among fifth-grade primary school students by presenting the material in a different and distinctive way.
2- The two strategies (treatment cards and scales) contributed to raising the level of reading comprehension and written expression among students in the two experimental groups, compared to those in the control group.

The researcher also made a number of recommendations, including:
1- The need to support teachers in primary schools and encourage them to use modern strategies in teaching.
2- The necessity of directing and encouraging the use of (processing cards and scales) in teaching reading material for the fifth grade of primary school.

The researcher proposed a number of proposals, including:
1- A study similar to the current research, provided that it is different in its dependent variables, such as (achievement, acquisition of rhetorical concepts, and critical, deductive, or creative thinking).
2- Conducting a study similar to the current research on females.
The results showed that the two experimental groups outperformed the control group in the reading comprehension and expressive performance test

The research included the presumption of enduwment, connection, and initiution and ,their indication of the meaning. The main purpose of the scionce of endowmant and initiotion is to search for what is meant, in order for the appropriate meaning to be conveyed to the recipient. The reader must take the role of the interpreter during his reading, because he has a role in clarifying the meaning for the listener. Or the endowment of what does not include the endowment or the beginning of what contradicts the meaning, because it falls into forms, so the reader must communicate the text with its concept, content, and feelings to the recipient in the most dazzling way. The second is the impor ,tance of ,the scieence of cessation, connection and initiation. And the third requirement: the sec tions of endowment, connection, and initiation. for As the second topic the indication of the presumption of endowment, connection, and initiation on the meaning. The research read that stopping, connecting, or starting are all clues that have a role in clarifying, interpreting, and clarifying the meaning, so no one can understand the meaning except by knowing that.

Everything has an essence, and the essence of poetry is its images, so that we see that the poets, both old and new, were mastering in creating images to highlight their poetic power, taking the core of their audience and their hearing. In fact, the writer, especially the contemporary, after he and his people lived in difficult circumstances, deviated with his poetry from the rivers of his country so that the hands of the arrogant would not attack him, and he also seeks, through his poetic art, to send a message to the sons of his people to awaken the determination against persecution, i.e. the two sources of it.
At the forefront of these poets standing against injustice is the poet Javad Al-Hattab, who resisted the American occupation and his accomplices, as he spent his life uttering his resounding cry, rejecting their arbitrariness and criminality against his people. Moreover, through his research, the researcher intends to stop at the poetic image in the poems of the poet Al-Hattab in order to delve into it and extract its most important semantic functions; The researcher revealed that all the images of this poet’s poetry reflect what he calls for the necessity of resisting the occupation; It was also found that the poet sought, through the picture, to embody his thoughts, expressing his emotions and feelings.
Finally, it became clear that his poetic image served some functions, including the provocative reporting function, the informative impactful function, and the psychological function that indicates what the poet feels about what is happening in his country of sorrows and joys.

A teaching strategy known as the hybrid flipped classroom approach mixes traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning activities. In this method, before attending in-person sessions, students learn online using pre-recorded lectures, videos, and other multimedia assets. This gives students the freedom to finish self-paced learning assignments whenever it is convenient for them while simultaneously allowing them to participate in lively conversations and lectures during in-person classes.
The hybrid flipped classroom model is gaining popularity as more teachers look for ways to incorporate technology into their lessons and change with the times. The hybrid flipped classroom method offers the advantages of both face-to-face training and online learning in the age of distance learning.
Online learning activities include reading materials, interactive tests, audio files, and peer-reviewed assignments when using the hybrid flipped classroom technique. Students' interest and engagement in the learning process can be raised by using online learning activities to teach them how to learn independently.
When students attend classes in person, teachers can concentrate on experiential learning activities like group discussions and project-based work in addition to giving feedback and help to those who may have had difficulties with online learning. Combining the two methods enables students to benefit from a deeper and more well-rounded educational experience that makes the most of online and face-to-face instruction.
Overall, the hybrid flipped classroom approach is a powerful tool for educators to provide enhanced learning experiences to students, particularly in online learning environments. It provides a flexible, adaptable, and personalized way of learning that engages and motivates students, and prepares them for the changing landscape of the 21st-century workforce

It can be noticed that this world is vast and diverse when it comes to the matter of language. Also, one can notice that, in many countries around the world, various people with different cultures can appear. All of those people speak different languages. Also, those people will certainly speak with various accents. Such diversity can make multilingual environments. Such environments can be found in many schools in many countries. As a result, this research tries to focus on the topic of bilingual environment and its effect on education and learning. In addition, this research tries to explore the meaning of bilingualism. Moreover, this research will try to focus a little bit on the meaning of the bilingual family and its role in providing the best conditions to achieve a bilingual environment for their children. In addition, this research will show the different kinds of bilingual programs that can be presented to the students in the schools and the effect of bilingual environments in the classroom. Since this topic is really important, more research is required about it. As a consequence, it is important to make the Iraqi EFL college instructors know more about this topic. Therefore, it will be very helpful to hold a lot of educational workshops that cover this subject in order to increase their background understanding of it.

The research is concerned with the significance of the maternal instincts in Brecht’s Mother Courage and her Children.
The portrait of a female in any society being a mother, a sister, a daughter, or a worker.The image of a woman in general and as a mother in particular as a great influence in life. The mother devotes her life for the demands of her children. Brecht deals with the mother as a business woman and how does she lose her children because of her greed and business.He tries to make his dramatic work as an instrument of a new idea for change.

Research abstract The current research aims to identify (a training program based on modern strategies in developing Diwani calligraphy skills among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts). Where the problem of the research was determined by the weak skills of Diwani calligraphy among the female students, it included purely the third stage students / the Institute of Fine Arts. They were chosen in an intentional way and two tools of research were adopted (the cognitive test and the skill test tool) in its design and found for them honesty and stability, and then used the appropriate statistical means and concluded that there is a great impact of the training program based on modern strategies in developing Diwani calligraphy skills, and accordingly the researcher recommended its adoption. Death Keywords: training program, Diwani calligraphy skills, modern strategies.

Analyze of the topics of geometry and measurement included in upper primary stage mathematics books according to the standards of the mathematics curriculum document The aim of the research is to analyze the topics of geometry and measurement included in the mathematics books of the upper primary stage according to the standards of the mathematics curriculum document. To achieve the aim of the research, the following questions were formulated:- 1- Are the standards of the mathematics curriculum document, geometry and measurement available in the content of the mathematics book for the fourth class primary ?
2- Are the standards of the mathematics curriculum document, geometry and measurement available in the content of the mathematics book for the fifth class primary?
3- Are the standards of the mathematics curriculum document, geometry and measurement available in the content of the mathematics book for the sixth class primary?
4- Are the standards of the mathematics curriculum document, geometry and measurement available in the content of mathematics books prescribed for the primary stage?
The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, The research sample consisted of geometry and measurement topics included in the content of upper primary school mathematics books for the academic year (2022-2023), n order to conduct the process of analyzing engineering and measurement topics, a content analysis card was prepared in accordance with the standards of the Mathematics Curriculum Document for Engineering and Measurement, to confirm Its validity after presenting it to a group of arbitrators in mathematics teaching methods and curricula, The list of standards, in its final form, consists of (3) axes and (78) indicators, The topics of geometry and measurement included in the mathematics books prescribed for the upper primary stage were analyzed according to these standards. A sample of the analysis was presented to a number of arbitrators and specialists, and they agreed on the validity of the analysis process. The stability of the analysis was confirmed through the use of two methods of stability, the first is stability over time and the second is stability across analysts. were used Statistical means represented by frequencies and percentages. The results of the research reached:1- The content of the mathematics books for the upper primary stage contains the standards of the curriculum document for geometry and measurement in varying percenting2-The axis of geometric shapes (their concept and representation) achieved the first rank, followed by the axis of measurement (its concept, representation and operations on it) in the second rank, then the axis of geometric measurement and performing operations on it in the third rank in the content of mathematics books prescribed for the upper primary stage, except for the mathematics book for the sixth class of primary3- The mathematics book for the third class of primary ranked first in its inclusion of the standards of the mathematics curriculum document for geometry and measurement, followed by the mathematics book for the second class of primary , then the mathematics book for the first class of primary l n the light of these results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including: making use of the list of mathematics curriculum document standards for engineering and measurement when making a change or development in the mathematics curricula for the upper primary stage, and holding courses and workshops related to the mathematics curriculum document standards for the purpose of informing teachers and specialists about them. A number of proposals were also presented, including: conducting research similar to the current research on other educational stages, and conducting a comparative research between the mathematics books prescribed for the primary stage in Iraq and the mathematics books of international countries in the topics of geometry and measurement l n the light of these results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including: making use of the list of mathematics curriculum document standards for engineering and measurement when making a change or development in the mathematics curricula for the upper primary stage, and holding courses and workshops related to the mathematics curriculum document standards for the purpose of informing teachers and specialists about them. A number of proposals were also presented, including: conducting research similar to the current research on other educational stages, and conducting a comparative research between the mathematics books prescribed for the primary stage in Iraq and the mathematics books of international countries in the topics of geometry and measurement.

The educational process has developed widely in our modern era through the use of various motor learning methods that can have a clear impact and a prominent role in bringing the learner to the level of better skill performance, as it has become an important basis on which to rely on in planning learning processes and has expanded to include the perceptual and cognitive levels. Which requires the learner's positivity in education in order to show students' latent abilities and improve them, and the methods used in teaching are no longer suitable for contemporary life, so many methods help to acquire many mental, social and motor skills, and the importance of research lies in using the teaching method that is compatible with the skills that depend on the participation of The student in the learning process in a positive way by conducting a scientific study through which she learns about the impact of the SWOM strategy in using compound exercises and learning some artistic gymnastics skills. The researcher used the experimental approach (designing the two equal groups, which are the control and experimental groups) for its suitability to the problem. The research community was determined by students of the third stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2022-2023), and the research sample was chosen by a simple random method (lottery) from the original research community, with (30) students (15) students for each A group of the most important research procedures is the initiation of defining the skills and evaluation forms for the ground movements under study, and then the researcher conducted an equivalence between the two groups, and then educational units were prepared according to the SOM strategy using compound exercises, one educational unit per week and a time of 90 minutes, and the researcher used the statistical bag to extract the most important results that she reached. The researcher reached the conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of the Sowm strategy led to an improvement in the performance of some basic artistic gymnastics skills of the experimental group. The adoption of the SOM strategy contributed to the development of thinking among the members of the experimental group. As for the most important recommendations, they are: Using the Sowm strategy in learning the rest of the artistic gymnastics skills and in other age stages, because it helps in developing the student's thinking. And the emphasis is on using the SOM strategy in teaching the rest of the subjects in physical education for the purpose of learning skills and retaining information for them

The study aimed to prepare skill exercises using the motor response system in developing some motor abilities, as well as preparing exercises on the (A.P.R.D) device to develop some motor abilities in football tennis, as well as identifying the effect of these exercises in developing some motor abilities in football tennis. The researcher hypothesized several Hypotheses, including the presence of statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and posttests in all the research variables, as the researcher chose the players of the Football City Football Tennis Academy for the year 2022-2023, and their number was (35) players as a community for his research. The other is a control, and the percentage of the sample to the community was (57.14%). Skills exercises were applied to the experimental group with auxiliary tools, which consisted of an innovative device, which is the device (A.P.R.D.) 90) minutes after that, post tests were conducted for motor abilities in football tennis. The s.p.s.s statistical bag system was used in the process of processing the results of the pre and posttests. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that the exercises prepared and designed by the researcher were effective in developing the motor abilities of the research sample. applied to it and recommended taking the results of this study and benefiting from them in developing a football tennis curriculum for academic players and national teams in football tennis.

The study aimed to identify the physical capabilities, complex skills, biochemical variables and kidney functions, and to prepare a proposed training curriculum that is compatible with the capabilities of the research sample, and to determine the doses of amino acids (BCAA) that are compatible with the capabilities of the research sample.
The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and posttests of the first and second experimental groups in some physical abilities, complex skills, and biochemistry for the research sample group. From my club and divided into two experimental groups, the first and the second experimental, with (10) players for each group, then the researcher conducted tribal tests on the research sample, and the duration of the implementation of the curriculum continued (12) weeks, distributed over (36) training units, with (3) training units in week, where the time of the training unit was (90) minutes.
After completing the application of the training curriculum on the research sample, the researcher conducted post-tests on the research sample, and the results were processed statistically using the statistical bag (spss). Football for halls. Training using special exercises for compound skills has positive effects in developing the skillful and physical performance of soccer players. The researcher recommends the need to take the results of this study and benefit from them and circulate them to the competent authorities, including the beneficiary, as well as benefit from the complex skills prepared by the researcher in training futsal players,
Developing standardized and high-stress training curricula when the players reach the special preparation period, because of the clear impact of these stresses on developing physical abilities and compound skills in football, and thus the coach can bring the players to the sports format.

The objective of the current research is to identify the level of performance of female biology teachers according to information technology and its relationship to the achievement of their students. of their female students by (30) female students for each teacher, and the researcher used a tool to measure the teaching skills according to information technology among the members of the research sample, as it was represented by the observation card (45) paragraphs were presented to a group of arbitrators, and their psychometric characteristics were extracted. The achievement test was used to measure the achievement of female students, as the number of its paragraphs reached (50) multiple-choice items. It was presented to the arbitrators and its validity and reliability were confirmed. A group of statistical methods were used, including the test The t-test for one sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Kron-Bach alpha equation. The results showed the availability of teaching skills according to information technology among the teachers of the research sample. The research came out with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the current research is to know the extent to which the second intermediate grade mathematics book includes active learning skills:
To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach, as the research sample was represented by the content of the mathematics book, which is scheduled for students of the second intermediate grade for the academic year (2021-2022) in Iraqi schools. The researchers prepared a content analysis card according to the active learning skills, and its validity was confirmed after presenting it to a group of specialized arbitrators, and it obtained an agreement rate of more than (80%) of the arbitrators' opinions.
The analysis card consisted of the main and sub-skills of active learning, with (8) main skills, and (22) sub-skills.
The target mathematics book was analyzed in its first and second parts according to the main and subsidiary active learning skills. Through re-analysis after a specified period of time), and the second method was the use of other analysts.
A result was reached that included the second intermediate grade math book on active learning skills
(the main and most of the sub-skills of them) in varying proportions.
As the main skills got close percentages in the mathematics book of the second intermediate grade, where (Organization Skill) got the first rank with an average percentage that included (27.1%), and a low degree of availability, and (The skill of collecting information) got the eighth rank with an average percentage that included (3.6%(, and the degree of availability is very weak.
According to these results, a number of recommendations were made, including:
The necessity of including active learning skills within the second intermediate grade book in a balanced manner that complements each other .
He made a number of suggestions, including:
- Conducting similar studies in different study courses.

The subject of artistic handicrafts is considered one of the important topics in art education as it develops the student’s skills of concentration, imagination, analysis, application and creative thinking. Therefore, the researcher sees the need for this research, as it will deal with the art of applique (textile material) and apply the strategy of the skill course to help employ the material in an innovative way. Presenting a new vision for the use of appliqué art in designing a work of art, and trying to give the material a new look that surpasses both the technical and functional aspects.Therefore, the current research aims to identify (the effect of the skill cycle strategy in developing the art of applique among middle school students in art education).The researcher adopted the experimental method by selecting two samples from the middle school students (fifth grade), Belqis Preparatory School for Girls, affiliated to the General Directorate of Education, Rusafa First. Their number was (60) students, divided into (30) students for the experimental group and (30) students.The skill cycle strategy was applied because this strategy focuses on four important phases (perceives, retrieves, plans, performs). In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a set of teaching plans designed according to this strategy, a skill performance test form, and a cognitive achievement test for the sample students.In order to statistically process the data, the researcher used the following equations (the statistical bag (spss), through which each of the t-tests for two independent samples was extracted - the coefficient of difficulty and ease of the objective paragraph - the equation of the effectiveness of wrong alternatives - the correlation coefficient of Point Pacerial - Couder - Richardson equation 20)
The results showed the following:
1- There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in post cognitive achievement, in favor of the experimental group.
2- The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the skill (designing the kosha) in favor of the experimental group.
3- There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the design of (pencil holder) in favor of the experimental group.
4- There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the skill (handbag design) in favor of the experimental group.
5- There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the skill (form of an educational book) in favor of the experimental group.
6- There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the skill of designing (kitchen bra) in favor of the experimental group.
7- The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the skill of designing (table cloth) in favor of the experimental group.
8- The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all tests in favor of the experimental group.
9- There is an effect in the use of the skill cycle strategy in cognitive achievement for the benefit of the experimental group students.
10- The skill cycle strategy has an impact on the skill performance variable in favor of the experimental group students.

The research aims to identify the impact of the Rubin table method on the achievement of fifth grade female students in science. In order to achieve the goal of the research and the hypothesis, the researcher adopted an experimental design located in the field of experimental designs with partial control of the post-test in the achievement of the fifth grade students of the two research groups (experimental and control).
The current research community is represented by fifth-grade female students in secondary and preparatory schools for morning girls of the General Directorate of Education of Essaouira for the academic year (2022-2023), and by intentional selection (Anwar Al-Zahraa for Girls) was chosen from among the schools of the current community, and the researcher conducted parity between the students of the two research groups in The following variables: (Achievement scores for the previous academic year in science, previous information test, intelligence test). Verification of its veracity, the level of difficulty of its paragraphs, the strength of their discrimination, the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives to the paragraphs, and the confirmation of its stability by using the half-partition method. The researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals that were mentioned in the fourth chapter.

He research aims to identify the impact of the (NEEDHAM) model on the motivation of fifth grade primary students towards science, and to verify the aim of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who will study according to the (NEEDHAM) model and the average scores of the students of the control group who will study according to the usual method in the measure of motivation towards learning science.
The experimental design with partial control was chosen for the experimental and control groups with a post-test for the motivation scale.
The research community represented the fifth grade primary school students in Al-Nahrawan Primary School for Boys, affiliated to the Second Directorate of Education of Baghdad Al-Karkh, which was chosen randomly, as they numbered (64) students distributed into two divisions (A, B), and by simple random assignment, Division (B) represented the experimental group The number is (33) students, and the (A) division represented the control group, which numbered (31) students, and after excluding the (4) students who failed, by (3) a student from Division (B) and (1) a student from Division (A) The number of students in the experimental group became (30) and the number of students in the control group (30).
A tool was prepared to measure motivation, where (20) items were formulated for the purpose of the post-test. The researcher developed two gradual alternatives to answer the items, which are (no, yes) in a manner appropriate to the age group. The validity of the tool was verified by presenting them to a group of specialists and arbitrators. Statistical analysis of the items of the scale (the relationship of the score of the item with the total score of the scale, the power of distinguishing the item), and the stability of the scale was calculated using the internal consistency method by adopting the (Alpha Cro Nabach) equation.
after completing the application of the experiment, a test of the motivation scale was conducted on the students of the research sample (the experimental group and the control group), and the data (results of the research) were analyzed statistically based on the statistical bag (spss). The students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the motivation scale, with statistical significance and a large effect size, and in the light of the research results, the researcher recommends using the (NEEDHAM) model in teaching as an alternative to the usual method, and proposes a number of suggestions.

This study was conducted in the Department of Science / College of Basic Education / Mustansiriyah University for the period from 12-15-2021 to 2-15-2022. The research aims to study the effect of the quality of feed, protein and vitamins added to the laying feed used in feeding table chickens and its relationship to productive performance and some traits. The quality of eggs such as egg weight, diameter and height of the yolk, histological study of the ovary, the weight of the ovary in each treatment, before and after the treatment. Non-laying or low-ovulation chickens were injected with FSH at a concentration of I.U / l 75. The effect of hormonal injections on productive performance and some qualitative characteristics was studied. For eggs, such as egg weight, diameter and height of the yolk, histological study of the ovaries, ovarian weight.In this study, 50 brown Lohmann chickens, 8-12 months old, were weighed individually and distributed into 5 groups as follows:
The first group, the control, was fed only the diets of laying hens for the duration of the experiment.
The second group (the first treatment) for a month was fed with diets for laying hens, to which vitamins and local protein were added, similar in shape to the diets, but different in composition and ingredients.
The third group (the second treatment) for a month was fed with diets for laying hens, to which vitamins and protein powder (Swiss origin) were added, different from the composition and components of the local protein above.
The fourth group (the third treatment) for a month of the experimental period was fed with diets of laying hens with wheat and barley
The fifth group (the last hormonal injection): For a month of the experiment period, it was fed only laying hens diets.
The results showed significant differences in the characteristic of egg production when calculating the general rate, as the production percentage for the second, third and fifth groups was was (73.3%, 66.6% and 83.3%), respectively. While the first and fourth treatments gave the lowest percentage of egg production in this comparison. The second and third treatment also gave the highest average egg weight when calculating the general rate compared to the rest of the treatments, as the average was 65 gm, and the average weight of the eggs of the fifth treatment (hormone) was 85 (gm). Significant differences appeared in the rates of egg weight in the five groups. It was also noted that there were differences In the rate of feed consumption, as a decrease was noticed in the quantities of feed consumed by the second and third treatment, and the highest rate of feed consumption was in the hormonal treatment, where it reached (200.5 grams / day / chicken), and the lowest consumption was in the control group, which reached (97.5 grams / day / chicken).
Significant differences were seen in the diameter and height of the yolk of the five groups, and the largest diameter was in the hormonal treatment, reaching (0.20 ± 5.5 cm), and the highest height of the yolk in the first, second, and hormonal treatment, reaching (17 ± 0.33, 17 ± 0.25, 17 ± 0.50), respectively. And density in the texture of albumen, which indicates the giving of fodder and protein in appropriate quantities, which resulted in quality in the eggs produced in terms of weight and texture. The results of the dissection also showed the weight of the ovary and the number of eggs, mature follicles and yolks above the ovary increased in the first, second and hormonal treatment) and the largest weight of the ovary was in the treatment It reached (11.8 gm). It is clear from the current research that the type of feed, additives, nutritional supplements, and care for the hygiene and health of chickens have a great impact on obtaining high-quality productive characteristics in the produced eggs. , and the highest percentage of weight was in the hormone group, which reached (2600 ± 50 grams). Differences appeared in all treatments in relation to chicken weights, as the live body weight increased and the amount of change in body weight when calculating the general rate.

The research dealt with the expressive abstract pattern in the works of the artist Balasm Muhammad Jassam and how to employ it in his artistic work, as each artist has his own System that reflects his personality and is unique in him and distinguishes him from others through his artistic production. The experience of the artist Balasm Muhammad is one of the experiences that maneuver in its formal, color and tactile elements a game of contrast and polarity between expression, abstraction, diagnostic, non-diagnostic, rough and soft, which resulted in a stylistic construct that relies on the energy of expression and abstraction in a systemic container. As for the importance of the research, it was to supply the technical library of researchers and scholars in academic and cultural institutions with technical information and to benefit from it from an intellectual and creative point of view. As for the objectives of the research, it is summed up in revealing the abstract expressive pattern in the works of the artist, Balasem Muhammad Jassam. The limits of the research were limited to the period between 2010-2019, by adopting the artist’s artworks with the definition of some terms. The second chapter included three sections about me, the first of which is with the format as a concept and the second topic in It was represented by the stylistic pattern of Abstract Expressionism, and the third topic was the stylistic pattern in the works of the artist Balasm Muhammad. The third chapter represented the procedures followed in the community, the analysis of samples and the adoption of the descriptive analytical method, as well as the analysis system as a tool for research. The fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, some recommendations, suggestions, and a list of sources.

The current research aims to identify the reality of the use of technology in teaching mathematics for the primary stage from the point of view of teachers, The researcher adopted the descriptive approach for her research, and in order to verify this, a questionnaire consisting of (30) paragraphs was prepared, which was randomly distributed to a sample of (350) teachers of mathematics affiliated with the education of Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa II, which was applied in the second semester of the year 2021/2022 AD, (190) questionnaires were adopted, as the results showed that the reality of using technology in teaching mathematics for the primary stage from the teachers' point of view was weak, In addition to the absence of statistically significant differences between the average responses of mathematics teachers to the questionnaire on the use of technology in teaching mathematics in the first and second axes. As for the third axis, the results showed that there is a significant statistical difference that came with a level of significance (0.001), which states (Factors that have a relationship In the educational environment, which contributes to the teacher’s use of technology in teaching mathematics for the primary stage) and when we refer to the arithmetic mean values, we find that the difference is in favor of males, as it came with an arithmetic mean (26.59), while the arithmetic average for a female category came (25.33), In light of these results, the researcher presented some recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are providing financial support by the competent authorities to spend on developing the educational system, as well as purchasing devices that contribute to the application of technological programs, and conducting a comparative study between traditional education and technology in education

The current research aims to identify the tendencies of middle school students towards mathematics. Each paragraph, which is (applies to me, is neutral, does not apply to me), was distributed to the four journals of the scale (students’ tendencies towards the nature of mathematics, the students’ tendencies towards enjoying mathematics, students’ tendencies towards learning mathematics, and students’ tendencies towards the mathematics teacher), and the verification of Validity and stability of the tool.
And after the tool became ready for application, the student tendencies scale was applied to the research sample (middle school students), in the middle and secondary schools of the General Directorate of Education in Maysan Governorate, and then the appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted, and the researcher concluded that middle school students have inclinations towards mathematics, and concluded that Middle school students have tendencies towards mathematics, and towards each of the areas of tendencies towards mathematics, then put a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the impact of the mental trial strategy on the achievement of fifth grade middle school students in biology, and to verify the goal of the research, the following zero hypothesis was formulated:
• There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.005)between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who will study according to the "mental trial strategy" and the average scores of the control group who will study according to the usual method of achievement The current research community was represented by female students of the fifth grade of middle school in the morning public schools for girls affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate / Musayyib district for the academic year (2022-2023), as it reached (17) preparatory and secondary schools. The current research community was represented by female students in the fifth grade of middle school, and the research sample was chosen to represent (70) female students with two divisions, if division (A) represented the experimental group with (36) female students and division (B) the control group with (34) female students., respectively. According to the usual way Equivalence was conducted between the students of the two research groups in the following variables (previous achievement, intelligence, previous information), as the experiment was conducted in the first semester of the year (2022-2023), and the current research was determined by the first four chapters of the Biology book, as it prepared the behavioral objectives that numbered ( 208) behavioral objectives according to Bloom's classification of the cognitive domain (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating) The researcher prepared (48) teaching plans, including (24) for the experimental group and (24) for the control group. Multiple choice with four alternatives, and the virtual validity of the paragraphs was verified by presenting them to arbitrators with specialization and experience in the field of educational psychology, measurement and evaluation, for the purpose of indicating the validity of the paragraphs and their suitability for the specific goals. In this regard, the researcher took an agreement rate of (85%) or more as a criterion for accepting each paragraph of the test, as the experts agreed on the validity and safety of all test items After completing the application of the experiment, an achievement test was conducted on the students of the research sample (the experimental group and the control group), and the data (research results) were analyzed statistically based on the statistical bag (spss), and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied using the mental trial strategy. Achievement test on the students of the control group with statistical significance and a significant effect on achievement.
In the light of the research results, the researcher recommends using the mental trial strategy in teaching as an alternative to the usual method, and proposes a number of suggestions

The researcher noticed many of those who practice the game of football keeping the ball inside the green rectangle by dribbling and then dribbling without resorting to the skill of the pass, while the skill of the pass is from the point of view of experts and specialists the art and beauty of the game of football inside the stadiums as it helps the players to maintain their physical effort Throughout the ninety minutes scheduled for the time of the match in learning the pass skill through attention, meditation and instantaneous thinking in handing the ball to colleagues without keeping it for a long time and in the appropriate time and place to hand the ball to the other colleague.

The research aims to identify the impact of the focus strategy on the achievement of fifth grade female students in science, and to verify the objective of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who will study according to the focus strategy and the mean scores of the control group who will study according to the usual method of achievement.
The research community is represented by fifth-grade female students in Al-Izdihar Primary School for Girls, affiliated to the Baghdad Directorate of Education, Al-Rusafa, which was chosen intentionally, as they numbered (103) students distributed into three classes, and two groups were chosen by simple random assignment (lottery) (A, C) as a sample. For the research, (30) female students in each section after excluding the (9) female students who failed, and by simple random assignment, Division (C) represented the experimental group that studies according to the focus strategy, and Division (A) represents the control group that studies according to the method. the usual.
The experimental design with partial control was chosen for the experimental and control groups with a post-test for the achievement of the fifth grade female students.
The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2022_2023) and lasted (11) weeks. The content of the first three units, including the five chapters of the science book, was analyzed according to Bloom's classification of the cognitive field for levels (remembering, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis), as it reached (164). behavioral goals, and (25) daily teaching plans were prepared for the experimental group according to the focus strategy, and the same for the control group according to the usual method.
The students of the research sample (experimental and control) were rewarded in some of the variables that may affect the results of the research, namely (intelligence, previous information, and previous achievement).
The researcher prepared the research tool, which is the achievement test, as it reached (26) objective items of the multiple choice type with four alternatives, and its apparent validity was verified by presenting it to the arbitrators and specialists in the methods of teaching science, measurement and evaluation, and the validity of (content) by preparing the test map (table Specifications), and its stability was calculated using the equation (Qodder-Richardson-20), as it reached (0.88), and the psychometric characteristics of the test items were extracted.
After the completion of the application of the experiment, the achievement test was conducted on the students of the research sample (the experimental and control groups), and the data (research results) were analyzed statistically "depending on the statistical bag (spss), and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied using the focus strategy in the achievement test on their peers in the control group with a statistical significance and a significant effect on achievement.
In the light of the research results, the researcher recommends using the strategy of concentration in teaching as an alternative to the usual method, and proposes a number of suggestions.

The plot is a term that must be present in all literary genres such as story , novel or theatrical text in order to act as interconnection of events and their sequences since the first moment of first conflict of text structure .Therefore the researcher has designed developed theatrical text structure according to science philosophy perspective through following scientific revolutionary structure stages of philosopher ( Thomas Koon ) .
I exposed this The research to a group of professors and experts in which they welcomed and accepted by everyone .Accordingly the researcher has chosen one sample for text analysis by following content analysis methodology in adaption method and text division into eight sequenced stages as in (The idea and its opposite, crises or problem , instructional sample , external aspects , quantification accumulation , sensory perception , changing point , results and reason ) .
The researcher has reached a set of results such as : Proposed construction sequence according to first seven stages , sequenced structure achieving developed moral and positive correlation referring to individual self – secondary school student except if that the eighth step b( reason and results) was weak and unclear prosaic ending in which lead to confusion and return the subject to the same point or without completing Developmental rotation

The goals and importance of the research included :
1- Preparing similar performance exercises to develop some defensive moves for handball players under the age of 18
2- Identifying the effect of exercises similar to the performance on the defensive moves of the research sample
The research included two hypotheses:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests and in favor of the post test for the experimental and control groups in the defensive movements tests of the research sample.
2- There are statistically significant differences between the physical tests in the defensive movements tests of the experimental and control groups of the research sample.
In the theoretical chapter, the researcher touched on topics related to the title of the research and similar studies. Where the researcher selected the research community by the intentional method, and they are the players of the education teams in Baghdad, represented by (First Rusafa and Second Rusafa) in handball, whose ages range from (16-17) years for the season (2022-2023) in handball, and their number reached (40) players, and the players were excluded Who exceeded the age specified in the research, which is (4) players, in addition to excluding the goalkeepers, who are (4) guards, as well as excluding the players on whom reconnaissance experiments were conducted, which are (4) players, and thus the research sample became (28) players and they were divided By drawing lots into two groups with (14) players from the second Rusafa breeding team to represent the experimental group and (14) players for the first Rusafa breeding team to represent the control group from the research community, whose number is (116) players representing the Baghdad teams distributed over (6) training centers in Baghdad and the percentage of the research sample is from the community of origin (34.48%). The researcher treated the variables (height, mass, training age, chronological age) by means of the torsion coefficient for the purpose of achieving homogeneity. Experimental research
As for the conclusions, the researcher reached several points, the most important of which are :
1-The exercises (similar to the skillful performance) carried out by the experimental group achieved a positive development in all the defensive skills of the handball players under the age of 18 years.
2-The exercises (similar to the skillful performance) led to the emergence of a clear development in the defensive handball skills between the pre and post tests.
As for the recommendations, the researcher recommended the following points:
1- Adopting exercises (similar to skillful performance) in developing defensive handball skills for being successful and effective.
2- Work on benefiting from the results of the current study to improve the level of defensive skills in handball

The research problem was identified in the following question: What is the impact of the creative drama strategy on developing the skills of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the school theater subject.
The current research aims to identify the impact of the creative drama strategy in developing the skills of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the school theater subject.
The researcher reached the following results:
1- Clearly increasing the skills of the experimental group itself gives a clear indication of the success of the strategy and has a clear impact.
2- The steps of the creative drama strategy had a clear impact on developing the skills of the students of the theater department at the Institute of Fine Arts in the school theater subject

The importance of the research lies in knowing the extent of the importance of the strength of cognitive control and its relationship to the skills of preparation and the wall of the wall among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls / University of Baghdad.
And that the research problem lies in answering the following questions:
- Knowing the extent of the importance of the strength of cognitive control and its relationship to the skills of preparation and the wall of the wall among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science for Girls / University of Baghdad. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the strength of cognitive control and the skills of preparation and the wall of the wall among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science for Girls, University of Baghdad. The research hypothesized that there is a statistically significant correlation between the strength of cognitive control and the skills of preparation and the wall of the wall among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science for Girls, University of Baghdad.The researcher relied on the descriptive approach using the survey method and the correlational relationships for its suitability to the nature of the research problem .The researcher chose the research community in a deliberate way, and they are students. College of Education, Physical and Science. Sports for girls / University of Baghdad for the year (2021-2022), and their number is (200) female students, at a rate of (100)./. The number of the research sample in the main study was (22) female students from Division (A) at a rate of (22%), and the exploratory experiment sample amounted to (5) female students who were chosen at random from the research community.





through the data. Which was collected by the researcher in this study, and through the statistical treatments she used., in extracting the results. After presenting and discussing the results, the researcher came up with the following conclusions:
- There is a positive relationship between. Both the strength of cognitive control and the skills of preparing the wall of the sample members. .search .
based on resources. In search of results. recommend. researcher as follows:
1. The necessity of confirmation. To give verbal information. And the logical that pertains to the skill of female students by female teachers.
2. Conduct a similar study on. Female students in various sporting events.

Metacognitive strategies are a style of teaching that allows the learner to use his or her own skills to develop independent learning that enables them to take self-responsibility for learning. And that it is a set of procedures that the student undertakes under the supervision and guidance of the teacher to be aware and aware of his thinking processes and management. The educated and the teacher together. The study aimed to identify the effect of using the graphic shapes strategy in learning some basic football skills and to identify the preference between the graphic shapes strategy and the tired style in learning some basic football skills. As for one of the most important field research procedures, the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research and because this method is characterized by the accuracy of its results. For the academic year ( 2021-2022). The original research community consisted of (106), and the research samples were chosen by the simple random method, which included (20) students, divided into two equal groups with (10) students for each group, after (10) students were excluded due to absence from the initial tests and units. Educational control group: used the method followed by the teacher. Experimental group: used the strategy of schematic shapes. The researchers proceeded to conduct equivalence and after that to choose the skills and appropriate tests for them by taking the opinion of experts and then proceeded to conduct an exploratory experiment and a tribal test. The researchers designed educational units According to the strategy of schematic shapes, the program was implemented for a period of 12 weeks, the time of the educational unit was 45 minutes, and then the post test was conducted and the statistical bag was used to reach results that in turn led to the most important conclusions, including the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the post test and learning the skill of handling, suppression, scoring and skill performance of some skills The basic football strategy helped the diagrams to increase the students' self-confidence from By giving them the opportunity to design shapes that indicate the extent of their understanding of the subject in light of the results of the current research, the researcher recommends and most importantly to emphasize the use of the illustrative shapes strategy because of its importance in adding some pleasure and desire to learn to any scientific subject, and this is what the researcher touched during the experiment. Teachers to not be limited to the methods used and the need to diversify the use of methods, and to use the strategy of graphic forms as modern methods that have been proven by multiple studies to be effective in learning.

The application of the cognitive training strategy in teaching is in order to develop the learners' abilities to use metacognitive skills well, as well as its contribution to facilitating the process of communication between learners well, given that this practical model emphasizes thinking to solve problems and make decisions, as it can be applied in Workshops for training teachers or students to learn within working in groups or in a team style, as they are suitable for training teachers and students who are beginners in the service or continuing in the educational process, so they were applied to a sample of art education students to acquire viewing and application skills, which work to qualify students for the teaching profession in the future, Therefore, he established the problem of his research by raising the following question: What are the pillars of cognitive training that contribute to the process of developing teaching skills in the subject of observation and application for art education students? The current research aims to employ the pillars of cognitive training to develop teaching skills in the subject of observation and application for students of the Department of Art Education.
The research community consists of (103) students in the fourth grades in the Department of Art Education / College of Fine Arts - University of Baghdad, who are divided into (4) classes for the academic year 2022-2023.
A random sample was selected from the students of the fourth grades / Department of Art Education - the morning study, represented by the two divisions (C-D), totaling (28) students, and they were divided into two groups (T, Z), with (14) students in each group to apply search procedures.
To produce the results, the researcher used the SPSS statistical bag, and the most important conclusions are:
1- The superiority of the students of the experimental group in their performance of teaching skills within the subject of observation and application is due to their educational commitment to implement the requirements of this subject before and during application.
2- It appears that the students of the experimental group gained educational experiences from the courses within the program preparing them for the teaching profession. This was reflected in their presentation of model educational lessons

What the study reached the features and the significance of the shape in fees Technical students with second high school students, which is located in the four semester, a problem, introduction and importance of research His goal and limits, his eye and one of the most important Terms in the study The problem of research is the characteristic and significance of the form in the fees for the art education students for the second high schools, this is what has witnessed a great transformation and wide interest in monitoring the conceptual variables of the framework of the structural drawing that dealt with different fields that exceeded the implicit contents through its stages to reach the employment of images and topics of features and significance and its effects in the influential discourse And its aesthetic role for art, so that its data occupied an influential and significant space in the reality of those influencing results to accompany the emissions of change in the philosophical and aesthetic thought of the data of .fees and the significance of form This was demonstrated by the characteristics and significance of diversity of art, especially the formats and the significance in the technical structures affecting the fees of modernity, to resonate in the past of the nature of the artistic work followed in the style of the current and the artist, and thus determining the problem of research with the following question: What are the features and significance The research is that it contributes to tracing the impact of intellectual and aesthetic data contributing to the formulation and employment of features in the drawing and the significance of the form of students ’fees from the sample and filling this cognitive void with the current scientific effort as the ideal artwork. The research also aimed to identify students' features and fees in the art education of the sample members from the second Rusafa students, and while the limits of the research are limited to studying the fees implemented with various (materials, water, acrylic, and ink), which include fees that carry features and significance in currents Modernity and indications of form in drawing, which are found in the technical sources of the .sample members The second chapter included definitions and terms of the feature and indication of modern .drawing As for the third chapter (field research procedures), it contained the research community and its great eye (3) Technical works for light at the end of the tunnel, dream and screaming, research tool, research method and analysis of the research sample forms. The fourth chapter contained the results, conclusions and proposals ... where the researcher reached the social aspect of students, which represents the student environment, as well as the limited possession of experience and technical experience for students and the accuracy of the sample members of the most important coordinates of the prevailing technical development in the world, as well as the researcher recommended conducting a study similar to the art role And its reflection on . the development of art.

A new Schiff bases ligand 4- ((2-hyolroxy phenylimino) methyl) -2, 6-dimethoxyphenol derived from condensation of 2- amino phenol with 4-hydroxy -3, 5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy, spectra, Mass spectrum and elemental microanalysis (C.H.N). Metal Complexes with ions have been also synthesized and characterized spectroscopic methods spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption, molar conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility. These studies indicate that the moler ratio for the complexes. The complexes showed characteristics octahedral geometry with the (O,N) ligand coordinated in bidentate mode while with showed square planer. The enzyme activity of the ligand and its metal complexes with esterase (AST) have also been studied . the study of enzyme activity indicates that the ligand its metal complexes revealed different inhibition behaviors. The synthesized ligands and their metal complexes have been tested against one type of fungi (candida albicans).

يشكل التعرف على البشر مكونًا حاسمًا لأنظمة المراقبة ، نظرًا لأهمية الكشف عن الأفراد في الوقت المناسب. على الرغم من التقدم في أنظمة الكشف عن الأشخاص ، فإن اكتشاف البشر على مسافات طويلة لا يزال يمثل تحديًا. في هذه الدراسة ، استخدمنا نهج الشبكة العصبية الالتفافية المستندة إلى المنطقة (RCNN) لتدريب نظام على الصور الملتقطة على مسافات متفاوتة بين الكاميرا والأفراد. تُظهر النتائج نتائج واعدة ، حيث حقق النظام أقصى استرجاع للكشف قيمته 1 لتحديد الأشخاص على مسافات تصل إلى 40 مترًا واقصى انضباط قدره 1 لتحديد الأشخاص على مسافات تصل إلى 50 مترًا.

The optical characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer formations in GaP. According to the predicted binding energies, the GaP monolayers are in constant contact. GaP monolayer was revealed to be semiconducting, with gaps of 2.080 eV. Furthermore, the predicted optical properties indicate that the GaP monolayer will absorb light at wavelengths ranging from infrared to ultraviolet. As a result, GaP monolayer should be appealing for visible-light communication and photocatalytic devices. It is possible to determine that this layer is kinematically stable by studying the form of the phonon, as all frequencies have positive values and there are no negative values for frequency. It is also worth noting that the frequency values exceed 1150 cm-1. Finally, the unexpectedly good properties of GaP monolayer are expected to be used in a variety of combinations in solar cells, field-effect transistors, catalysts, and optical devices.

History: Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant are linked to diabetes type 2 Diabetes In diabetic people, vitamin E administration lowers oxidative stress. We aimed to gauge the amount of this vitamin using these techniques:By planning the current study, patients will be able to evaluate its impact on patient-controlled diabetes. This descriptive and cross-sectional research, which involved 186 individuals with type 2 diabetes, was conducted. Patients were put into two groups1 depending on whether their HbA1C levels were less than or greater than 7 (measured using the HPLC technique), as well as the levels of TG, cholesterol, HDL, and Cr. A check list with questions about each patient's age and information related to their measured vitamin levels was created.