iklil for Humanity Studies

Noise pollution is a prominent feature of our contemporary society, as a source of anxiety and instability, through its impact on human health and comfort, and on the quality of life and its living requirements within cities. In the city of Ramadi, several sources have come together that have made life and human activities painful, especially in its center, due to noise pollution and the health risks it poses to the individual. Therefore, the aim of this research lies in studying noise pollution and its health effects on humans in the city of Ramadi. The researcher relied on the questionnaire method to determine the severity of the impact of noise pollution on the health of the individual within the city. A special questionnaire form was designed, and a field survey was conducted for a sample of segments of society from the people of the city of Ramadi, at different age and spatial levels. The questionnaire included (499) people who were randomly selected from the neighborhoods of the city of Ramadi. The research also aims to try to develop solutions and ways to address the problem of noise pollution.

The research aims to spatial analysis of the reality of educational services in the municipality of Dora and to know the level of service and the extent of the city's educational services and at the level of its neighborhoods to its residents and whether they fit with the planning standards for those services through the analysis of these services spatially and classify them starting from kindergarten institutions to university education to know the spatial variation of education services in those institutions and whether there is harmony between the number of educational institutions and the level of service and between the residents of the city as well as knowledge of their areas of impact. The research relied on the analytical approach and the quantitative approach in the analysis and classification of educational services based on the latest data issued by the official authorities and the research reached a number of resultsThe distribution of kindergarten institutions in the municipality of Dora was varied from one neighborhood to another, as it reached the highest number of kindergartens in the neighborhood (Zubaida) by (3) kindergartens and by (60%) while both the urban neighborhood and Algeria lacked the presence of kindergarten institutions, the spatial distribution of secondary schools, which included middle, preparatory, secondary and vocational schools with an area of (292461) of the area of the research area, which we find that its distribution is almost better in general in the neighborhoods of the session and the per capita share of The criterion (M2) according to the standard of the Ministry of Planning (5.6), while the per capita share in the municipality of Dora reached (0.67) of the standard (800) m2

This research aims to study the reality of sheltered agriculture in Diyala province of (2024-2023) and their economic importance, in terms of the amount of the expected production in each district with the factors that led to a lack of Oqlh sheltered agriculture in the province, for the implementation of sheltered agriculture and benefit from projects to provide vegetable crops throughout the year. The study showed there was disparity spatially evident at the level of district and provincial administrative units, including the great dam hand, which was famous for the cultivation of sophistication, followed by hand Mansuriya and Muqdadiya district and other areas and districts of the province in which the proportion of concentrate production does not appear, it is the most important causes of the security situation, displacement of population, scarcity water, stopped granting loans (agricultural initiative) as well as the weakness of modern scientific methods and experience Alphenah.kan of these factors collectively significant impact in the agricultural sector deterioration in general and agriculture in particular, sheltered and non-achievement of financial returns for the national economy agricultural development. The research geographical fact pattern sheltered agriculture (greenhouses) where the number of greenhouses (1704) house across the province ranked hand Bani Saad, the first place in the number of greenhouses, amounting to (425) plastic house by (24.9) %, followed by elimination Center Pure (421) plastic house by (24.7) % and comes hand HIBHIB (380) Plastic House by (22.3) % of the total number of greenhouses.
Crop occupied the first place option numbers houses cultivated (630) Plastic House by (38%), followed by the tomato crop (496) Plastic House by (29.1) % comes eggplant crop (408) plastic house by (23.9) % of the total the number of greenhouses.
Also found through a search of sheltered cultivation pattern (tunnels) Report the number of tunnels (387 318) across the province, as Bani Saad hand
occupied (4645) dunums of total surface area in the province by (56.51) %, followed by an area of pure (1369) without rate (16.65) % after the hand area of HIBHIB (1191) without by (14.49) % of the total surface area, characterized by the cultivation of these aspects (tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant.

Internal migration occurs as a result of rural displacement or unregulated forced migration, which causes accelerated urban growth as a result of the large population increase. In addition to the significant decline in planning, implementation and financial capabilities and capabilities, this has led to the occurrence of an accumulated housing deficit, which has caused a change in housing patterns to accommodate the population increase, such as the fragmentation of housing units and the emergence of housing. Random The study aims to identify the extent of the direct and indirect relationship to population growth resulting from immigration in the study area and to analyze the impact of internal migration on changing the adopted housing pattern. The study relied on the inductive approach: This approach aims to extrapolate things by moving from studying the partial characteristics of the subject towards the characteristics. The analytical approach: The approach relied on analyzing statistical data related to the sizes of migration streams in Baghdad, data on population and family numbers, and data related to housing to describe the problem and know the resulting effects

The research studies the problem of the difference or disparity in the prices of lands allocated for residential purposes and rental allowances between Al-Zahour District and Al-Shaab City. It is divided into three main sections. First: the research problem, its objectives, importance, hypothesis, and temporal and spatial boundaries. Second: geographical characteristics of the two study areas, such as location, area, distance from the central business district, and population numbers and density. Third: the reality of land prices and rent values in Al-Zahour District and Al-Shaab City and the comparison between them. The research concludes with the results, including the feeling of (50%) of the residents of Al-Zahour district being far from the center of Baghdad. As well as recommendations, including providing the necessary services for flower gardens, especially water services, educational services, sanitation services, and waste disposal services. The research showed the price difference for newly built housing, old-built housing, plots of land, and rental values for the two study areas.

Ukraine is located in southeastern Europe, bordered to the east and north Russia and with a group of other countries that share land borders with it, such as Belarus, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova, and this location gave Ukraine great geostrategic importance, making it a focal point in the global competition between the Russia and NATO, as Ukraine has many natural and human components that made it one of the most important European countries, as it acts as a barrier between Russia on the one hand and NATO. And the Western countries and America on the other hand. What has increased the importance of Ukraine as a land route to central Europe as well as an area of great importance for military bases and naval installations along the Ukrainian coast on the Black Sea, and due to the presence of vital transport routes, especially power lines that pass through them to the territory of Europe, especially Russian gas transmission lines, it cannot be denied that these elements are elements of strength and great geostrategic status for Ukraine in the eyes of the international system.

In the modern era, the world is witnessing radical changes in the form of a technological and information revolution unprecedented in the history of mankind. This revolution has not only affected certain fields, but has brought about comprehensive transformations that encompass all aspects of life. In light of these facts, it has become necessary to reconsider the curricula of various sciences, including geography, in order to adapt them to the new developments and requirements of the times. This research aims to study contemporary trends that contribute to the development of geography curricula by utilizing modern technologies and their applications, in order to meet the needs of human society and enhance the ability of geography to contribute to solving the issues of the era.
The importance of the research is evident in focusing on monitoring points and enhancing the importance of modern methods in expanding the scope of geographical knowledge. These methods allow the analysis of big data, enabling geography to gain deep insights into the patterns and behaviors associated with geographical phenomena. These methods also enhance the role of geography as a link between different sciences, such as economics, sociology, and ecology. This research has led to several key outcomes, including: Increasing the accuracy of information, improving strategic planning and response, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration, and expanding the scope of geographic research.

reveal the mutual relationship between the chemical characteristics of the water of the Euphrates River and the soil in District (37) Zankora within Anbar Governorate. Which revealed the extent of accumulation of salts and other ions from the water of the Euphrates River into the soil, which is reflected in its efficiency and production in the short and long term. Soil samples were taken to ensure their variation and spatial distribution across parts of the study area, and with periodic monitoring for three times in winter, spring and summer. This revealed a high percentage of total salts in all samples for the period from (20/12/2023) to (20/7/2024). The highest values in sample (3) in Path A reached (1.25) gm/L. With the exception of the samples, sample No. (3) in Path B, which values came in a different way, as the percentage of salts decreased to (0.5) gm/L, because the location of The sample was previously used as ponds for raising fish. The sodium percentage also increased, reaching a maximum in sample (2), path B, to (8) g/L, while sulphate values increased between the beginning and the end of the study, reaching more than (10) g/L in some samples. Liters, and this gives a serious indication of the deterioration of the soil in the future if it remains that way

To develop any region or area on scientific planning bases is one of the things that the administrative authorities responsible for developing it must do, the authority that always seeks to develop the study area as it cannot develop unless there is prior planning for its development. In this chapter, we will discuss the future outlook in light of the available capabilities within the Al-Wafa area in order to prepare a basic foundation for setting and determining the developmental directions required to develop the study area, taking into account the field study and what it produced and what is related to the needs of the population and in a manner that is consistent with their social and economic characteristics and their requirements for the future development of the area. The relationship between planning and geographical space is one of the important matters for the success of the development plan, whether present or future. The study area is considered within the desert environment, where it suffers from harsh climatic conditions, which is reflected in the number of residents. As a result, it was a repellent area with little urbanization that does not match its geographical capacity and does not achieve the minimum level of the population's needs, which are concentrated in three main areas, which are (the center of the district, the village of Abu Jir, and the villages of Al-Awasel Al-Silijiya). The basic services for the population are concentrated in the first place in the center of the district (Jabha), while the village of Abu Jir comes in second place in terms of its equipment with basic infrastructure services such as water, electricity and roads. The study area also has large areas that have not been used yet and are empty of residents. The study area also suffers from many problems, some of which still exist and need solutions

The biography of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, with its descriptions, events, and aspects, is full of the doctrinal aspect, and the aspects of faith that permeate that aspect may have escaped many of us. It is noticeable that most of those who wrote about the biography of the Prophet, their thoughts went to historical events, following the historical narrative approach to that biography, while others took the educational or The social aspect and sometimes the economic and political aspect
As for the doctrinal aspect, we find very little that has shed direct light on that aspect, and what it contains of glimmers of issues of faith that are considered the light by which the heart of the believer is illuminated. In order to move it from the historical narrative aspect to the practical doctrinal aspect of faith and the relationship of his biography, may God bless him and grant him peace, to the life of the believer, and let this research be the path that illuminates the way to reach the correct belief and sound belief of faith, which are considered the cornerstone and pillar of the balanced behavior with which the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was created. May God’s peace and blessings be upon him, and God Almighty was pleased with him first

This research, entitled (Narrations of Hafs bin Asim in SunanAbiDawud in the Book of Prayer, an analytical study) came to show us the status and status of Hafs bin Asim among the hadith scholars, and that he was one of the people of mastery and memorization, and it showed what the narrations that he narrated included benefits and others. My research is based on an introduction and the personal and scientific biography of the narrator, as well as a presentation of his narrations in Sunan Abu Dawud, in the Book of Prayer only, as the narrations in the Book of Prayer amounted to three narrations. The first hadith is what he says if he hears the muezzin, the second hadith is the voluntary prayer while traveling, and the third hadith is about the virtue of Surah Al-Fatihah, and it is the greatest surah, and I concluded this research with a set of results that I reached.

This study aims to examine aspects of legislative inimitability in the Qur'an by focusing on the obligatory prayer (Salah) as a distinctive model This topic illustrates how the Qur'an offers a comprehensive legal system characterized by precision and inclusivity, surpassing human legislation in its scope and depth. This is clearly reflected in the regulations governing prayer. Salah is considered a fundamental pillar of Islam, with Muslims instructed to perform it at specific times. The Qur'anic verses meticulously outline the method of performance and its conditions, thereby highlighting the inimitable structure of this form of worship. The Qur'anic directives on obligatory prayer encompass detailed guidelines regarding its proper execution, thus reflecting the integrated system ordained by the Qur'an to structure the spiritual life of Muslims.
This research underscores the importance of understanding prayer regulations from the perspective of legislative inimitability, emphasizing Salah as a means of drawing closer to God and organizing individual and communal life holistically. The study of obligatory prayer regulations in the Qur'an serves as a vivid example of legislative inimitability, revealing the depth and flexibility of Islamic.

There have been many provisions related to anesthesia, Especially with regard to the provisions of worship for the patient subject to anesthesia, And from these worships _prayer_ we know that prayer is the pillar of religion, which is as the Almighty said: ((Praying for the believers was a timed book)) I have called my research this (The rule of anesthesia in worship _prayer as a model_), And I divided it into two sections: the first section and talked about the rooting of the science of anesthesia and its nature and types, And the second section talked about the rule of the anesthetic patient in the performance of ablution and prayer, And I have concluded the research with a conclusion in which the most important results, Hence the sources and references.

All praise is due to Allah for His blessings, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Messengers, his pure and righteous family, his companions, and those who follow his guidance until the Day of Judgment.
To begin with, the Holy Quran is the guiding light for all Muslims, illuminating their path and guiding them to the straight way. It is the primary source from which goodness and blessings flow. It is a blessing from Allah, the Exalted, that He has made me one of those engaged in this field of Islamic studies, allowing me to benefit from its meanings and to adhere to its etiquettesâea blessing that only the ungrateful deny.
Supplication is the means of communication between a person and their Creator, the weapon of the believer, and the key to mercy and paradise. It is one of the essential necessities of life, through which calamities are averted and decrees are repelled. It is among the deeds beloved to Allah, the Exalted, and an expression of a phenomenon that arises from the feelings of believing souls. The Quran contains many verses of supplication spoken by the prophets, saints, and righteous individuals, especially in Surah Al-Imran. Therefore, I wished to focus on these verses. My research plan included explaining the nature of supplication, its conditions, and etiquettes, the importance of beginning with "In the name of Allah" in supplication, sending blessings upon Muhammad and his family in supplication, the affirmation of supplication, and the verses of supplication in Surah Al-Imran. I also addressed the relationship between the verses and the types of supplicants in Surah Al-Imran, concluding with a summary of the most important findings from my research and followed it with the sources I relied upon, foremost among them the Book of Allah and the purified prophetic traditions. In conclusion, I ask Allah, the Most High, for accepted supplications, guidance.

Research into the negative exploitation of religion is considered one of the important researches in the Islamic faith, as it has played a major role in distorting the Islamic religion through deviant interpretations of the texts of the Holy Qur’an according to what suits their shameful ideas, and that negative exploitation has become a great danger to the life of the individual and society through the wrong understanding of many of people in applying the principles of the Islamic religion, which had a negative impact on their behavior .
The main reason for choosing the topic is my special interest in religion. Because it is the most important pillar of the divine legislative system and the seal of the heavenly religions, and to address the falsification of religion and the dissemination of deviant beliefs and its trading for worldly purposes .
We have defined the issue of employment and demonstrated its impact on human reality through its impact on the individual, society and politics, by clarifying the relationship between religion and human reality.

We must clarify the truth of the close relationship between hermeneutics and epistemology, because they are linked to the process of understanding man and explaining his knowledge, but it cannot be said that they are in the same sense, as hermeneutics shows the method for arriving at understanding, in contrast to epistemology, which carries another message, in terms of showing that human concepts are innate. Or sensory or experimental?
The term hermeneutics was borrowed from the ancient Greek heritage, then transferred to modern Western schools, and has no relation to our environment. As for interpretation, it is the Arabic term, and this is what made some Arab critics reject this Arabized term, considering that we have in the heritage what enriches us. about its use, But with the emergence of modern Western approaches, the term hermeneutics returned once again, and took on a broader scope than religious text, moving to literary criticism. Arab critics were quick to adopt it, regardless of the unsuitable soil in which it grew and grew, in order to project it onto Islamic heritage and thought.

This research came to shed light on the most prominent and important methods used by the hypocrites and their hostile goals against the true call represented by the Islamic religion and its believers. The hypocrites tried in various ways and methods to limit its spread and eliminate it because it conflicts with their worldly gains and material ambitions, and since they did not have the ability to confront it They directly resorted to fighting it from within by pretending to believe in it and planning to fight it using all the methods available to them to eliminate it .This is what we will reveal and explain by presenting in the Holy Qur’an their hostile methods that are not hidden from the All-Knowing and All-Aware, according to an inductive and analytical approach. This is due to the importance of the research and its severe social effects on religion and the nation in the past, present and future. They are not limited to a specific space and time, but rather the phenomenon of hypocrisy, as it was yesterday, is present today in various institutions of human society. Hypocrisy is a disease that has no cure, whether its methods and goals are revealed, and then it is known and warned against.

The study aimed to reveal the natur of the correlation between moral Theintelligence among educational counselors and their job
performance from the point of view of secondary school teachers, as well as identifying the level of both moral intelligence and job performance, as well as identifying the differences in the two variables of the study according to the variable (gender, type of school), and the sample has reached ( 157 sample) teachers and school, and the study found a positive correlation statistically significant between moral intelligence and job performance of educational counselors from the point of view, of secondary school teachers the
The results also revealed a high level of all moral intelligence and job performance among educational counselors from the teachers' point of view, and showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample in the moral intelligence scale according to the variables (gender, type of school), while the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample in the functional performance scale "in favor of the male teachers category ".
But there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample in the functional performance scale "according to the variable of the type of school, and the study came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions .

The current research aims to identify cyberbullying among middle school students in Baghdad Education / First Rusafa. To identify the significance of the differences in cyberbullying according to the gender variable (males - females), and to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built a cyberbullying scale based on Buffy and Dianne's definition of cyberbullying (Buffy, & Dianne, 2009). The scale, which consisted of (30) paragraphs, was applied to the current research sample of (200) male and female students, with (102) male students and (98) female students. The validity of the structure was confirmed, and it was found that all paragraphs of the scale were distinct and statistically significant. All paragraph scores were also related to the total score and statistically significant. The reliability was calculated using the test-retest method, and its value was (0.82), and the Cronbach's alpha method, and its value was (0.86). The statistical indicators of the scale were also verified, and the results showed that middle school students practice cyberbullying on social networking sites. There were also significant differences according to the gender variable. In favor of males, the researcher mentioned the conclusions she reached, and put forward a set of recommendations and proposals In light of the results of the current research.

Women's political participation means the integration of women into the political process at its various levels, whether in the executive, legislative and judicial authorities or in political parties, as it is considered an essential part of the democratic system, as women add new and different visions that meet all the needs of all segments of society, and as far as the issue is related to the participation of Iraqi and Japanese women In political life, it is witnessing clear and tangible progress in its political participation, and despite the presence of a number of opportunities and components for its presence in political life, it suffers from a number of societal, cultural and historical challenges that hinder it in this aspect.

The research addressed the issue of the impact of political conflicts on the macroeconomic variables of North African countries and the nature and forms of political conflicts. He highlighted the basic concepts about political conflicts and their repercussions on North African countries as an introduction and the impact of political conflict on the economic variables of a number of North African countries. The research clarified an important problem: What is the extent of the impact of these conflicts on the macroeconomic variables of a number of North African countries?
The descriptive approach was used to study the research phenomenon, and the research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Maintaining the political stability of these countries achieves economic stability in general, and then controlling a number of economic variables that affect people’s livelihood, such as maintaining prices and controlling their changes, As well as controlling the inflation rate. The other conclusion is to work to reduce the deficit in their budgets, and direct their governments’ spending towards providing necessary goods and services, such as health and education, which will reflect positively on people’s standard of living, leading to the absence of investment incentives. Violence and violence. Rebellion and gaining popular support for these countries.

Since the establishment of NATO after World War II, as a global military organization, the United States has sought to employ the alliance as one of its international tools to dominate the new world order, and then took it upon itself to provide the alliance militarily, economically and politically with the necessary supplies. It has outperformed the other members on several levels, such as financial funding, military intervention and the distribution of military bases according to an American-European approach. Through a comprehensive vision of the issue, the American superiority over the member states of the alliance and the European Union at the same time becomes clear, especially in strategic decisions and determining goals and priorities, which is linked to the American goals, both specific and common.

This research deals with the change in the economic value of the Iraqi currency, reviewing the historical, economic, and political factors that have affected the Iraqi dinar over time. The role of inflation, fiscal deficit, and political stability in determining the value of the currency was analyzed. The effects of currency fluctuations on the national economy, including their impact on inflation and international trade, were also explored. The results showed that political stability and effective monetary policies are essential elements for achieving dinar stability. Based on the analyses, strategic recommendations were provided to enhance currency stability and promote economic growth in Iraq.

The topic of political opposition is a central subject in political studies due to its numerous dimensions, and it stands as one of the most debated and polarizing issues in contemporary political thought. The presence of political opposition in any political system is a clear indicator of the maturity and development of that system. The philosophy of political opposition lies in its role as a means of achieving equality and justice in governance through the acceptance of pluralism within the political structure. Its effectiveness stems from the fact that it operates under the constitutional framework of the state, serving as an active oversight body on the performance of official political institutions. Additionally, it functions as a constructive corrective tool aimed at evaluating government actions and rectifying policies to ensure their alignment with the higher interests of individuals and the nation. Moreover, it acts as a watchdog to prevent any abuse of power or exploitation of authority and influence. Among the most prominent contemporary political systems that have embraced political opposition is the political system of the United States of America. The presidential system in the U.S., centered on the rule of two dominant political parties the Democratic and Republican parties has facilitated the alternation of power between these two parties over the decades. When one party assumes power, the other takes on the role of opposition. These parties heavily emphasize the role of societal institutions and pressure groups, which significantly influence public opinion and American political decisions. These institutions and pressure groups align themselves with one of the two major parties, supporting it to represent their interests within the U.S. government. This relationship underscores the belief that these institutions and pressure groups form the electoral base that the party relies upon to ascend to power.

The current research aims to measure cognitive speed and cognitive beliefs among middle school students and find out the statistical differences of the two variables according to the gender variable (males, females). And knowing the correlation between cognitive speed and cognitive beliefs and the extent to which the exploited variable contributes to the dependent variable among middle school students. The research community was chosen from middle school students in the Second Rasqa Education Directorate for the academic year 2023/2024, and the researcher presented viewpoints related to the two research variables. The researcher adopted the cognitive speed scale of the researcher (Abdul-Jabbar 2010), and the cognitive beliefs scale of the scientist Schommer (Schommer 1994), and their validity and reliability were confirmed. It was applied to a sample of (200) male and female students, and the statistical package (spss) was used in analyzing the results.
The following results were reached:
1 - The results of the research showed that middle school students are characterized by cognitive speed, males and females, and there was no difference between them compared to the hypothesized average of the scale.
2- The research results showed that middle school students have cognitive beliefs, males and females, and there was no difference between them compared to the hypothetical average of the test.
3 - The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between cognitive speed and cognitive beliefs among middle school students, and that the independent variable contributes to the dependent variable. The researcher presented some recommendations and proposals.

ا The good things that are preserved have a great impact on interaction with different situations, because the individual’s ability to remember makes him active in different life situations, and this achieves a state of interaction and communication with others in social situations, and at the same time affects the self-impression and the individual’s view of himself . Studies have varied as to whether middle school students have emotional memory or do not have determinants related to the nature of complex emotional memory, Scientists also had different views on emotional memory among middle school students. Accordingly, this prompted researchers to conduct a group of studies on this topic , Emotional memory exists in every individual, whether in its positive or negative form, which is filled with emotional events that last longer than others. It can be called easily and quickly.

The current research aimed to explore the following: cognitive flexibility among students of the College of Education at the University of Hamdaniya, differences in the level of (cognitive flexibility and social interaction) among these students according to variables such as gender (male-female) and Academic Stage (First - Third) , and the relationship between cognitive flexibility and social interaction. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed two instruments: (1) the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, which in its final form consisted of 24 items, and (2) the Social Interaction Scale, which in its final form consisted of 27 items. These instruments were administered to a sample of 160 students (87 males, 73 females; 88 from humanities majors, and 72 from scientific majors) selected randomly from the research population. After administering the instruments, data were collected and statistically analyzed. The findings revealed that students of the College of Education at the University of Hamdaniya exhibit a higher than average and positive level of cognitive flexibility. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in cognitive flexibility based on the variables of academic stage (first year, third year) and gender (male-female) on the Cognitive Flexibility Scale. Additionally, the statistical analysis showed a positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and social interaction. Regarding social interaction, the findings revealed that the sample displayed a good level of social interaction, and no statistically significant differences were found in social interaction based on the variables of gender (male-female) and academic stage (first year, third year). Based on the above results, which were discussed in the context of the research findings, the researcher provided a set of recommendations and suggestions

This study aimed to investigate the "effect of the cognitive-informational strategy on the expressive performance of middle school students".
To verify this objective, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: "There is no significant difference between the mean scores of students in the experimental group who studied the expression subject using the cognitive-informational strategy and the mean scores of students in the control group who studied the same subject using the traditional method in the post-expressive performance test."
The research sample consisted of 66 second-grade middle school students from Omar Ibn Al-Aziz Middle School for Boys, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Rusafa First, Baghdad Governorate. The sample was divided into three classes, with one class (34 students) randomly selected as the experimental group and another class (32 students) as the control group.
The researcher prepared a post-expressive performance test and verified its validity and reliability.
After applying the experiment for one semester, the researcher administered the test. Using SPSS-28 statistical software, the results showed that students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group.
The researcher recommended:
1- The need to issue a guide for Arabic language teachers that includes modern strategies in teaching expression, including a mental and information strategy.
2- Working to direct Arabic language teachers to the importance of expressive performance among middle school students.
3- Training Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage on a mental and informational strategy, to help students be able to perform expressively at this stage and not be limited to traditional methods.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the strategies of analogical thinking and SOWM in academic achievement and developing perseverance among second-grade intermediate students in social studies during the academic year 2022-2023. The study sample consisted of three groups: the first experimental group studied using the analogical thinking strategy (35 students), the second experimental group studied using the SOWM strategy (32 students), and the control group studied using the traditional method (34 students).
The researcher used an achievement test as a tool for the current study, consisting of 30 test items, and a perseverance scale consisting of 15 items.
The study results indicated the following: the use of the analogical thinking strategy in the first experimental group effectively raised the academic achievement level and developed perseverance among second-grade intermediate students in social studies.
The study recommends adopting the active thinking model in teaching social studies to second-grade intermediate students by subject teachers.

The research aims to identify the use of the generative learning strategy in the achievement of the history subject among fourth-grade literary students. To verify this goal, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the generative learning strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the traditional method in the achievement test of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of the history of Arab Islamic civilization.
The research sample was randomly selected, as the selection fell on Al-Kadhimiya Secondary School for Boys within the Al-Kadhimiya sector of the Third Baghdad Karkh Education Directorate; The number of students was (40) and at a rate of (20) for each group, and through random drawing the experimental group and the control group were determined; as the selection fell on Section (B) to be the experimental group who study the subject of the history of Arab Islamic civilization using the generative education strategy, and Section (A) represented the control group who study the subject of the history of Arab Islamic civilization using the usual method.
The experimental design was adopted with the control and experimental groups, random selection, and the post-test. To verify the research hypothesis, an achievement test was prepared consisting of (30) items (20 of which were substantive and (10) were essay-based) after extracting the apparent validity and difficulty of the items and distinguishing and effectiveness of false alternatives. Reliability for substantive paragraphs, and apparent validity and correction stability for essay paragraphs.
The experiment was implemented on (Sunday), corresponding to: 10/1/2023 AD, and ended on (Wednesday), corresponding to: 1/18/2024 AD, with two classes per week for each group. Thus, the duration of the experiment was equal and uniform for the students of the two study groups, and he also taught the students of the two groups (Control and experimental) in order to emphasize objectivity in teaching and to avoid the impact of extraneous variables that may affect the accuracy of the experimental results.
The data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, statistically using the t-test, z-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, the difficulty coefficient, the discrimination coefficient, the effectiveness of false alternatives, the Kuder-Richardson equation20, the Cooper equation, and the Class equation.
After completing the application of the experiment, the results of the statistical analysis showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in academic achievement. Accordingly, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was adopted, which states: There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) in achievement, between the average of the experimental group. The average of the control group, and in favor of the experimental group taught according to the obstetric education strategy.

The current research aims to know ((the effect of the round table strategy in developing creative thinking among middle school students in the subject of art education)) The experimental method with partial control was used to measure the effect of using the round table strategy in developing creative thinking in the subject of art education among middle school students. The research sample was divided into two groups, the first is an experimental group subject to the "round table" strategy and the second is a control group following the traditional method
he researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations as follows:
1-The round table strategy had an impact on developing creative thinking among female students in the art education subject
2-The impact of the round table in developing creative thinking in the art education subject through the strategy procedures
3-Urging art education teachers to work with new methods and strategies to develop students'

The aim of the research was to reveal the effectiveness of an educational design based on the Davis model in developing the creative thinking and learning skills of students in the art department in the subject of Arabic calligraphy and decoration. In order to achieve the research objectives, she used the experimental method by testing creative thinking skills and a summary test on a sample of 30 students from the art education department in calligraphy and decoration, who were distributed in two groups; The control group (conventionally studied) consists of 15 male and female students, and the experimental group (Davis model) consists of 15 male and female students.
The study concluded that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group, as the students of the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-measurement of the achievement test, as the average ranks of the experimental group students reached (30.26) and the arithmetic mean (19.80), while the average ranks of the control group reached (20.74) and the arithmetic mean (18). It also showed that the significance level was (0.020), which is a statistically significant value at the level of ≤ (0.05), which indicates that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the achievement test for students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of Arabic calligraphy and décoration. The study also concluded that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the creative thinking scale in favor of the experimental group. The scores of the experimental group students in the post-application were better than their scores in the pre-application in the creative thinking scale. It was also shown that the significance level was (0.000), which is a statistically significant value at the level of (0.05) ≤, which shows that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the students in the pre- and post-applications in the creative thinking scale in favor of the post-application.
Finally, the study recommends that more studies should be conducted that specifically look at the educational design based on the systemic approach according to the Davis model and its effectiveness in the educational process in the different educational stages.