Al-Bahith Journal

Political literature is divided into two parts: what is written under the influence of political power; The second is the one who writes away from this influence. The first tends to the language of gesture, sign, or ambiguity; For fear of the power and empowerment of the authority, the work of the literary text is not by what it says publicly, but rather by what it passes in secret. As for the second, it leaves him the freedom to express and declare, and the novelist discourse of Karim Katafa belongs mostly to the second category - especially in his two novels, Layali Ibn Zuwal and Return to Valley of the Horses -. The sharpness that afflicted the Iraqi society, so he took his role in depicting reality and reflecting its transformations, although in his first novel he made a time distance between what he wrote and the events, as he started watching the conditions and then interacting with them, but this did not happen in his later novels, as The distance has been greatly reduced, which made his novelist discourse keep pace with the political and social events in his country, Iraq.
This research came in three main themes, which is what is required by the given narrative discourse of the writer Karim Katafa, and it constitutes a phenomenon for him, and these topics are:
- political violence
- Opposition and counter-violence

Each researcher, when studying one of the personalities that has an impact on Islamic history and has an impact on the civilizational and scientific progress, must provide a brief overview of the conditions and circumstances that affected that character, as many personalities emerge through the circumstances and conditions that surrounded them, and through Influenced by the thinkers and scholars around her. Daman Ibn Shadgum was one of those prominent symbols on the scene of historical events through his books and what he presented in the field of science, knowledge, literature and genealogy. Arab, Iraq and Iran and realized their conditions and stayed in them for a period of time to provide various sciences and knowledge, so our research came to shed light on the biography of Ibn Shadgum and his scientific status, and we decided to divide it into an introduction, five axes and a conclusion with the most important results that we reached through the research.

Reception between Historical Vision and Human vision in “Memoirs of the foot that stayed `there` by Nasir Husaini.

Research summary.
“Herman Haas” says in his book, if war continues, nations will murder each other. A Tremendous number of men being killed daily from battles with breaking news every hour or so.
I am discussing in this research the memory of “ the leg that remained” for the author Nasser el Housseini with key words: War, Memory, Humane.
As we recover the Iraqi-Iranian war that happened in the 80s, from his own life experience that he lived during this war, his diary consists of all the events that happened during and after the war, and this is why this research follows his diary and analyses it from historical perspective and emphasizes on how the speech at that time was religious, and bias that drags people to fight under the name of God and religion that contradicts his humane speech that was mostly absent.
This research brings you to conclusions about how different ideology and humanity are. Who wrote this book did not look at the war from a humanitarian perspective that is being against war, he was emphasizing the ideological speeches that threatens nations for endless wars, and for that, he participated with the enemy showing his will to draw for a new war.

The human and natural factors, such as the climate or the geographical location of Karbala Governorate, were clearly reflected on the environmental and agricultural situation. And the main problem raised by the research is that, what is the agricultural and environmental reality in Karbala Governorate in the year 2022? Is there a positive or negative change compared to previous years (2002, 2015)? The researcher relied on the hypothesis that the Karbala governorate has reached important stages in achieving agricultural and environmental development as a result of the existing agricultural projects, especially in the desert areas of the governorate, and by relying on groundwater through drilling artesian wells, as well as development in the environmental aspect by paying attention to the services of the beneficiary population From drinking water services and sanitation services, as well as paying attention to the climatic goal and addressing desertification through the cultivation of desert areas and the establishment of green belts around cities.The aim of the research is to analyze the reality of the agricultural and environmental sector in the study area. Identifying and addressing the most important obstacles and challenges facing this vital sector. In order to reach the goal of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to the available data and statistics and at the level of the study area. After completing the collection, classification and tabulation of information, the study followed several approaches and methods, the aim of which is to analyze and present the data in order to reach the best results.

The process of making or political decision-making interacts and involves many parties, and it is an essential part of the interactions of the political system. Political decision-making in totalitarian regimes differs from its industry in democratic systems, and the mechanisms of political decision-making in presidential systems are different from parliamentary systems. After the change of the political system in Iraq after 2003, the transition from the totalitarian system to the parliamentary democracy took place, as we find there are many official and unofficial forces participating in the political decision-making process in Iraq, as the official powers are the legislative authority represented in the House of Representatives. The executive authority represented by the Presidency of the Republic, the Council of Ministers, as for the unofficial powers, the most prominent of which are religious authorities, regional and international interventions, political parties and forces, pressure groups and interests, research and studies centers, and civil society organizations. Public opinion, the press and the media.

The textbook is one of the important elements in the educational process and one of the means of expressing the curricula and their social and educational goals. There is no doubt that teaching modern history is necessary to educate the citizen and familiarize him with events in his homeland or in the world because it may affect and be affected by them, and the book is the one that drew the general boundaries of information, concepts and values that students learn, and the book can greatly change the appropriate teaching methods to be followed.
The current research aims (to know the opinions of middle school teachers about the development of a modern history book)
The limits of the research were: - Time limit: (academic year 2019).
- Spatial limit: (male and female teachers affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Holy Karbala).
- Subject: (Modern History Book for the third intermediate grade)
The results of the research - the book was brief and not expanded
- Not to clarify and highlight the values, concepts and terms and put them in appendices at the end of the book to know
The student is familiar with these terms, historical concepts and values.
- Lack of focus in the proportions of topics that emphasize the role of Iraq and not giving it a number of topics
As is the case in countries where the focus is on the country and giving it a large percentage of the book, so the researcher recommended:
- Documenting the original texts and sayings in the textbook.
- Clearly highlight terms, concepts and values.
- Highlighting local (Iraqi) events in detail and giving a wide space in the book.
- Give enough space to the images within the book.
- The calendar at the end of each module should be comprehensive for all types of questions.
The researcher suggested - conducting a study in the preparatory stage in the subject of modern and contemporary history
- Conducting a study in the subject of modern history for the university level, especially the modern history of Iraq and the history of contemporary Iraq.
- Conducting a study in the subject of Islamic historyfor the intermediate stage.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his good and pure family, and his productive companions
No two disagree that the aspects of consideration in the directions of the study of meaning vary, and the vision is divergent and deepened in the light of opinions as well as investigation, and the ancient Arabs had the invective in building those trends on the strongest foundations, and the highest pillars, and if an author wanted to investigate all of this, or most of it, he would not have had enough of a book, but his urgent need for more books Therefore, we highlighted the most prominent trend, which is the artistic trend in particular, so we presented it with study, analysis and standing on the most important literary evidence that revolved around this trend.
Perhaps the motive behind this study lies in trying to mix between literary and linguistic study at the same time in the light of rhetorical images derived from poetic productions that were said on different and varied occasions 0The study was based on the opinions expressed by Al-Jahiz in this area as well as the views of some linguists.

God Almighty commanded His Prophet Noah (peace be upon him) to show the call، so the Prophet of God Noah (peace be upon him) accepted calling his people to worship God Almighty and to leave the worship of idols; However، the chiefs did not believe in him and did not follow him، so the reward for their disbelief and their repulsion from the path of God was that they drowned in religion

Sheikh Muhammad bin Muhammad Reda al-Qummi al-Mashhadi is considered one of the most prominent authors who emerged in the era of the Safavid state in Persia and was active in the authorship movement, especially in the field of interpretation. The pure (peace be upon them) from news, and the author relied in his interpretation on some important resources, including authorized and unauthorized resources .

Russia's policy towards Persia and its consequences (1801-1813)
This study deals with Russia's foreign policy towards Persia during the period (1801 - 1813), from the time Tsar Alexander I took power until the conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan with Persia in 1813, indicating the nature of relations between the two countries during this period, and the battles that took place between them, and the most important gains for each State, in addition to the role played by Britain and France in the conduct of events between Russia and Persia. The research was divided into three chapters: the first chapter dealt with Russia's policy towards Persia since Tsar Alexander I took power in 1801 until 1806, the second chapter dealt with the impact of international conditions on relations between Russia and Persia during the period (1807-1811). The third chapter illustrates Britain's role in fueling the situation between Russia and Persia from 1812 until the Treaty of Golestan in 1813.

This study dealt with municipalities in the districts of Baghdad, Kut and Diyala 1921-1958, which included the first section the centers of the districts of Baghdad, Samarra and Mahmudiyah, and the centers of the districts of the district of Kut al-Hay and Suwayrah, some of them were established at the late Ottoman era and others to the period of the British occupation. The study period is The royal era 1921-1958, so the researcher dealt with details about the staff of these municipalities in several decades of the study period, their imports and expenses, in addition to that the projects that the municipality completed and what were the obstacles that stood in the way of implementing these projects. Its municipal councils, mentioning some of the names of the members of these councils and the properties of these municipalities.
In the second section, the researcher presented the centers of the districts of the Diyala Brigade, Khanaqin, Al-Khalis (Deltaweh), Mandali, and Al-Muqdadiya (Shahrban). The researcher exposes the Ottoman or British era, and what was accomplished by the municipalities during this research period 1921-1958, and what was achieved of services, especially in the services of water and electricity, and the machines that were used, the extention of their capacity, and the staffs that worked in this specialty, in addition to that, the study presents the problems that the municipalities were suffering from

The theory of Arabic grammar is based on several theories, including the term theory. The term theory, both ancient and modern, has been problematic. Because the understanding of grammatical structures is based in one of its basic aspects on understanding the term, its material, its precursors, and what it means within the grammatical synthetic text. The grammar and the verbal terminology of Dr. Karim Hussein Nasih Al-Khalidi), the doctor compared the grammatical and verbal terms in terms of influence and impact on the levels of concept and pronunciation, so the study came in several axes, which are: (essence, verbs, qualities, movement and stillness, origin and branch), so it was The aims of the study are to prove the extent to which the grammatical term was affected by the ancient and late grammarians, and what are its starting point .
The study concluded that the ancient grammarians, such as Al-Khalil and Sibawayh, were not affected by the grammatical term with the verbal term in terms of the concept and mechanisms. The study concludes, results, footnotes, sources and references

The research seeks to know the most important societal dimensions of the gender in the security sector, especially since the concept of gender is a modern concept on our local society, and its existence in the security sector will contribute to achieving several social dimensions that have a major role in raising the wheel of development forward, which is social and cultural dimensions Economic, security and other important dimensions that contribute to the advancement of the reality of Iraqi women in the security sector, but this dimensions and this concept still face some problems in terms of its clarity and understanding by society, as it is necessary to highlight the importance of women in this sector with the man, and thus it becomes The gender is very important at the societal level and the job level, and the research came out after it important results, which is to work to spread the concept by government institutions and civil society organizations, empowering women economically and security in this sector, work to change the negative view of society for women's work in the security sector from Before the women themselves and by government and civil agencies, with awareness of the necessity of their presence in this sector to preserve security and stability to the country, especially in periods of entertaining conflicts The preservation of the privacy of women at the time of these conflicts and conflicts.

Fragility has many faces or manifestations, including economic fragility (it is all that results from poor planning and economic confusion in the province and the backwardness of the systems, tools and means used in the field of the agricultural and industrial sector, and financial and administrative corruption in governmental or private institutions, which have an impact on the general situation in the province of Karbala.
Urbanization is the most prominent cause of economic fragility in the city of Karbala, which is defined as the shift from the craft of agriculture to crafts, commercial and industrial activities, and other service activities. The imbalance in the economic levels between the administrative units of Karbala Governorate, as urbanization is a direct cause of the high standard of living, and on the other hand, urbanization helps to greatly increase the division of labor and its specialization in the technology of production processes This utterance is not characteristic of developing countries, including Iraq and Karbala Governorate in particular, because most of the city’s population is uncivilized, so it has become rural in nature or is governed by rural behavior, including the high rate of unemployment and poverty, the weakness of basic services (health, education, transportation) provided to the population and the rule of corruption administrative and financial, and the rise in food prices due to the increase in demand for it, and thus it lost its security in all its forms.

The study aims to know the most important geographical signs and the minimum meanings of the vocabulary contained in the two types (I have been in their homes. And I came to you from Sheba with certain news (Surat An-Naml verse 22) in the Holy Qur’an, by focusing on the geographical theoretical aspects that the Holy Qur’an spoke about in these two verses mainly, with what the branches of geographical sciences reached to establish the foundations of geography in the Holy Qur’an from On the one hand, it was found through the study that there are many geographical indications in these verses, including that Sheba is a people who lived in the State of Yemen and is represented today by the Ma’rib Governorate, and they knew the uses of agricultural land when they invested the valleys in agriculture and diversity in irrigation methods, leading to the construction of the famous Ma’rib Dam, The singular on the right and left indicates geographical directions, so according to the Qur’anic concept in determining geographical directions, it is through a threshold The sun is in front of man and everything that is on the right, according to the Qur’anic discourse, represents the southern side, and that what is on the left of man represents the northern side, and everything behind the person when facing the east represents the western side, and they excelled in planning, urbanization, and creating maps prepared for this purpose. The policy was clear from the position of the Queen of Sheba from the book of the Prophet Solomon about truce and not being drawn into war, which means their knowledge of the rules of military geography and the art of war, which among its criteria is the centralization of leadership. Sheba was mentioned in the Qur’an as one of the mentioned cities for a specific event to take place in this place, namely the Islam of the Sheba people with its ruling authority at that time, and it is called Bilqis (change of belief).

There is no doubt that ancient Arab criticism is the basis of the critical process that is based on three main axes, which are the text, the critic, and the receiver, as the tasteful criticism that is based on scientific knowledge was the basic criterion upon which critics relied in the past in their critical views of literary texts, and thus the references varied. Criticism between poets, critics and recipients of the statement of aesthetic citizens in literary texts.

The study comes in the complex terminology of Abi Hayyan in his treatise entitled Treatise on the Science of Writing, as an attempt to unveil the mental structures, the delicious principles in the design of concepts, the calligraphy and drawing of Arabic letters, and the control of their values; Because the distinguishing mark is a mark on a linguistic mark, and it is the distinguishing mark or definition, the linguistic mark of delicious principles in the design of concepts, the calligraphy and drawing of Arabic
Our message is this message, thinking of naming it in the stage of linguisti
As the same picture shows against preferences, and between the concepts of science, and the device of the term

The research dealt with an important aspect of the caliphate of Imam Ali, may God bless him and grant him peace, which he faced at the beginning of his caliphate, except for the exodus of the Nakitheen from Medina to Mecca, and their conspiracy against his succession, and their demand from him to hand over those responsible for the killing of the caliph Othman bin Affan, and the Imam, may God bless him and grant him peace, confronted this conspiracy, by leaving himself against He headed the army heading to Basra, where the Camel War took place. The research also touched on the role of Aisha in fueling the situation against the caliph Uthman bin Affan, and she left the city for the pilgrimage, despite the efforts of Marwan bin al-Hakam to persuade her to mediate between Uthman and the rebels, but she did not care With this demand, she left for Hajj. The research also touched on the arrival of Aisha to the water of Hawab, and the barking of the dogs of Hawab at her, which the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had told her about, in addition to her efforts, in gathering the disbelievers upon hearing of the imam’s assumption of the caliphate, and their leadership of the war against him, demanding the handover of the killers Caliph Othman, and they gathered in Basra, and a war took place between them, which ended with the defeat of the Nakithins, the defection of the Muslims, and the transfer of the center of the caliphate from Medina to Kufa, which the Muslims conquered in the year (17 AH / 638 AD) during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab.

In this research tagged in (the crisis of water shortage and the role of Iraq in it) we learn about the most important causes of the crisis and the countries causing it and the role of successive Iraqi governments since the fall of the regime in 2003 until now the wrong management of this very vital file, which Iraq has relied on since time immemorial on it has been known by (Mesopotamia) thousands of years ago until it reached today to the country of drought and begging small amounts of water from neighboring countries after Turkey and Iran prevented the water that reaches To Iraq. The research has dealt with
First: The Water Crisis in Iraq
Second: Causes of the water shortage crisis in Iraq
Third: The role of the Iraqi media in the crisis
Fourth: The role of the Turkish media in the crisis

The phenomenon of technological addiction among children is one of the dangerous phenomena that is spreading worldwide in general and at the level of Karbala Governorate in particular, which led the researcher to resort to geographical information systems, which is the best way to analyze and highlight this phenomenon through the locational characteristics and spatial distribution pattern, which has been By advanced spatial statistical methods, which in turn contributed to objective cartographic outputs that participate in assisting decision makers in developing appropriate solutions to address them according to the current or future situation. After preparing an integrated spatial database related to the phenomenon of digital addiction among children in the governorate, the final criterion for the aforementioned phenomenon in all its aspects was reached. On this basis, the technological addiction map can be used to determine the pattern of spatial distribution of children addicted to technology.

The directorate of endowments in Karbala’a did great efforts, during the Royal Reign 1921-1958, to develop the Holy Shrine of Imam Abbas (peace be upon him) which has been distinguished with its marvellous architecture and that went through lots of stages.
The research is divided into an introduction, a preface and three topics. The introduction clarifies what the research and its topics is talking about. While the preface discussed the first stages of work in this Holy Shrine before the Royal Reign which was the first brick in this great edifice. The first topic dealt with the work in the biggest part of the shrine, the holy nave, the doors, the minarets and the (golden iwan). The second topic talked about the work in the inner part of the shrine where the holy grave lies, the arcades surrounding it and the golden dome. Whereas the third topic went to spot light on the renewing and construction which took place in the shrine itself during the Royal Reign.
Then the conclusion came to explain the most important issues that the researcher concluded during this period and to evaluate the performance.
At last I hope I had succeeded in presenting this documentary historical research wishing it will be useful to our Iraqi libraries to make people know what achievements has been fulfilled by the directorate of endowments in Karbala’a.

This topic is dedicated to talking about the structures of the sources found in the collection of the poet Faraj Allah Al-Hawizi Al-Hairi, one of the prominent scholars of the twelfth century AH (d. H), investigated by Dr. Muhammad Abdul Rasul Jassim. The infinitive is the origin of the word from which verbs originate and its interpretation: Sources: the infinitive is the infinitive, the memorization, and the verb the verbs, so it is said that he went, pioneer, heard, heard and memorized, and he mentioned with the last words the event, the name of the event, the noun of the action, the verb and the name of the meaning. Or a noun that is originally placed to denote the event without looking at what the event usually reaches in terms of time or place and other belongings

This study aims to convey the poet and his poetry to the reader. To achieve this, he relied on the semiotic approach Without stagnation, these were the results:
-The emergence of the death/life duality.
-Building on this duality.
-The poem said its poet.
-The poem relied on language and others.
-The poem's purpose is lamentation, and And there is a tribute to him and his mother.

This research deals with the study of the Bidun issue during the era of Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah and the most important measures taken by Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah in order to modernize Kuwaiti society by addressing the Bidun file, if the Kuwaiti society was and still suffers from a class division between the holders of nationality and the stateless Kuwaiti.
المقدمــــــــــــة

Digital addiction is a new type of behavioural addiction that emerges as a result of excessive and compulsive use of new digital technologies. Many researchers have focused on studying substance addiction and some types of digital addiction in a variety of fields such as discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis, and psycholinguistics. However, no linguistic study is conducted on digital addiction as an umbrella term. The current study aims to reveal the underlying ideologies of digital addiction as an umbrella term for digital devices, digital platforms, and digital media in two British newspapers. In association with the aim, the study sets out two hypotheses: (1) the critical stylistic tool of equating and contrasting is employed in both newspapers articles to express the concept of digital addiction, (2) there are differences in using the tool of equating and contrasting to embody ideologies of digital addiction between the Guardian and Independent’s articles. To examine the hypotheses set forth, an analytical tool, is called equating, and contrasting taken from Jeffries’ model (2010) of critical stylistic analysis is adopted. Based on the findings, the study concludes that the tool of equating and contrasting is employed in both newspaper articles to express the concept of digital addiction. There are differences and similarities in using the tool of equating and contrasting to embody negative ideologies of digital addiction.

The first woman to breastfeed the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) was his mother, Mrs. Amina bint Wahb (peace be upon her), as it was said that it was the custom of the nobles of Quraysh that women did not breastfeed their children and they used to push their children to nurseries from the desert, desiring to raise their children on strength and courage Eloquence, eloquence.
Mecca and Quraish, especially Bani Hashim, were famous among the Arabs for their eloquence,, horsemanship and courage, so there is no excuse for sending him (may God bless him and his family) to the desert for these reasons, so what is the main motive behind that? .
Abd al-Muttalib's decision to send the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) to the desert near Bani Saad was logistical, with the purpose of preserving the safety of the Prophet (may God bless him and his family).
It is also common knowledge among all, especially Arabs and Muslims, that the wet nurse of the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) is Halima al-Sa’diyyah, but the narrations circulated the issue that there are wet nurses who breastfed the Prophet (may God bless him and his family), which is considered one of the mutated narrations, that is, they were replaced.

The study was exposed to the reality of practicing students of artistic education for the skills of the plastic arts - applied study - for students of the Open Educational College / Karbala Sacred Center in drawing on wood, the art of pyrograph with the mechanism of burning and aimed to know the reality of the practices of technical applications envisaged by students of the Department of Technical Education in the Open Educational College besides the skills of plastic arts and its impact on activating their role in the educational process, and included four chapters exposing the first to the problem of study and its importance and the need for it and its goals and terms and terms While the second chapter solved two researchers 1.practices of the art of painting 2. Techniques of art, the third chapter is the research community of (22) work in burning on wood and the sample consisted of (4) models and included (11 models of the first stage and (11) models of the second phase and present for the current academic year (2018 2019) and used the researcher descriptive survey method to obtain the desired results of the study And the identification of the skills that students have to practice as a result of their studies in the department of technical education. While the second chapter concluded its theoretical framework with its indicators and the third chapter of the study procedures, and finally the fourth chapter to show the results, conclusions, proposals and recommendations.
.Reflection of the simulation of emotional impact as a model of association between painting and psychological perception
.The concept of practice has been associated with experience and the identification and development of this with the human being.
.Art is a personal effort and high skill resulting from the interaction between study and educational achievement.

Abstract: (31) sites for soil samples were selected from the agricultural lands of Al-Hasaniya district in Karbala governorate within the regular sampling of three depths from (0-30 cm), (31-60 cm) and (61-120 cm) to detect the concentrations of lead ((Pb) and zinc ( Zn), and the results of the laboratory examination showed that the highest percentage of the month of August in the sample (27) and the lowest concentration in the sample (20) by (zero), and the samples had the highest concentration of lead in the sample (6, 21, 27, 31) because these samples are affected by some the aforementioned human activities that have exceeded the permissible limits, And that this element did not record a significant increase among the other two depths, the second and the third in the same month. This study came to find out the heavy elements in the agricultural lands in the district of Al-Husseiniyah in Karbala Governorate. ) to detect the presence of heavy metal concentrations of lead and zinc, and thus the effect of these elements on plant and animal life and their repercussions on humans as well if they are higher than the permissible limits globally or locally And the effect of agricultural soil and irrigation water on heavy elements and their reflection on agricultural production is due to the agricultural activity from the use of organic and chemical fertilizers as well as agricultural pesticides as well as the human activity of the study area

: The study aimed to clarify the foundations through which the parliamentary life was created in Egypt, and the many changes that occurred in it according to the different stages it went through, beginning with its simple form, which is the establishment of bureaus and councils in which the Egyptian people have aconsultative opinion, and ending with an integrated parliamentary life in which representatives practiced The Egyptian people temporarily and for certain years played their full role, and accordingly the development of Egyptian parliamentary life proceeded gradually, accompanied by changes necessitated by Egypt's internal and external circumstances. And the nature of the study dictated following the historical method that depends on mentioning the events according to the years of their occurrence, as well as the analytical method through which the study reached important results which are as close to the truth as possible.

Although reading or watching the theater of Absurd is usually difficult and confusing, it has created a revolution in the world of theater and profoundly affected most writers of the modern era. The Theatre of the Absurd stresses the idea of man's alienation and seclusion from society. It ignores the traditional plot, evolution of characters and action to attack its audience with a distorted experience. Samuel Beckett (1909-1989) and others adopted this theatrical style in the belief that it represented a more honest response to the post-World War II world than traditional beliefs in a rational, orderly universe. The present study sheds light on fragmented-self and loss of identity in Modern Age which are very significant themes in Samuel Beckett absurd plays in general and Krapp’s Last Tape (1958) in particular. Krapp, the protagonist, suffers from clinging to the past, lack of initiative, anxiety and confusion in his psychological structure. Therefore, he is forced to live in solitude and dead ends, from which he concludes that there are no inherent values or an essential meaning for this meaningless, complex existence

The sentence and its structure are among the most prominent linguistic investigations that occupied the thought of grammarians, ancient and modern. As grammarians dealt with it from various aspects, in terms of methods, and in terms of composition, to other things that are related to it.
Grammar is the cornerstone of Arabic language sciences. Because it is the way to protect the tongue from falling into error, as it is the path of the willing to understand the Holy Qur’an and the honorable hadith, and it is the refuge in revealing words closed to their significance that there is no way to know them except with it, as it is the standard by which the correct speech is known from the weak.
I chose to study syntax in the Diwan of Mr. Suleiman Al-Kabeer (d. 1211 AH); This is because it is a great book of great importance in grammar, language and literature.

This research aims to study the places of protest in the constructive methods of the Fatimid poet Tamim bin Al-Moez Li Din Allah. An important function in the argumentative process, because these methods have the power of argumentation in persuasion

This research includes a study of the poem of the poet Al-Farazdaq، known as (Al-Mimiya)، in which he praises Imam Ali Al-Sajjad bin Al-Hussein bin Ali bin Abi Talib - peace be upon them - which is one of the most prominent poems in showing and explaining the injustice of the people of the Prophet's house - peace be upon them -. The research sought to study this poem - as a code in which speech acts are embodied - with a deliberative approach to reveal the poet's intentions and the values carried by the linguistic components of the poem، such as the performing verbs and their influential power in the addressee.
The research consisted of an introduction that paved the way for the subject، then two chapters، a conclusion، the first topic included: (acts of speech in Western and Arabic linguistic thought)، and the second topic: (acts of speech in the meme of Al-Farazdaq and the performing power of these acts، and their influencing power)، then a conclusion in which the most important results obtained from the search

There is no statistical sense to the level (0.05) between the average of the experimental group students' marks who are going to be taught in accord with PQ4R strategy and the average of the controlled group students' marks who are going to be taught in the traditional method in achieving the social material.
There is no statistical sense to the level (0.05) between the average of the experimental group students' marks who are going to be taught in accord with PQ4R strategy and the average of the controlled group students' marks who are going to be taught in the traditional method in retaining the social material.
The experimental design of the partial control (experimental group and controlled group) of the posterior test in order to prove the validity of the two hypotheses for both the attainment test and retaining. The researcher chose a random sample for the study represented by students of Zehrat Al Meda'in intermediate school for boys/ the second year in Al Hur district center / Kerbala province which belongs to the general educational Kerbala directorate to apply the experiment during the academic year 2021- 2022.
The sample size was 65 students distributed into 31 students representing the experimental group who studied by the use of PQ4R strategy and 34 students representing the controlled group who studied by the traditional way. The researcher limited the scientific

The research aims to: Identify the perception of risks among students of primary studies at the University of Karbala. In addition to the statistically significant differences in the perception of risks among university students according to the variables (gender and specialization). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built the research tool: Risk Perception Scale The research tools were applied to the basic research sample consisting of (400) students from the University of Karbala, the sample was chosen by stratified random method with a proportional method. Correlation, due to its suitability in achieving the objectives of the research, and after data collection and statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package for social sciences, the researchers reached the following results:
The research found the results in terms of risk perception that the students of Karbala University have statistically significant levels of risk perception scale. And there were no statistically significant differences between the variable (gender and specialization).

Al-Hafiz Abu al-Abbas Ibn Uqdah is considered one of the notables of the second Abbasid era, distinguished by the abundance of his knowledge and his superiority over his peers among the scholars of his time.
Presentation of his scientific material coupled with chains of transmission in most of the narratives that he transmitted, and this is evidence of his desire to further document his information, so he based it on taking into account the quality of the novel, and the dominant feature was the multiplicity and diversity of his narratives, in addition to his use of a short chain of support, and reliance on historical narratives that varied between abbreviation at times The redundancies at other times are not abnormal or weak, but most of them there is almost unanimous agreement on the validity of their reports, just as Ibn Uqda did not follow a single approach in presenting his narratives. Bin Kharjah or on the authority of Abu Tufail Aamer Bin Wathilah and others...

Abu al-Abbas Ibn Uqdah adhered to the unity of the subject, so his book (Hadith al-Wilayah) was limited to historical information related to the hadith of al-Ghadeer, and we did not find diversity in mentioning news and information about other events. In it, the news was told, and the narrations that he transmitted included the Qur’anic verses and the hadiths of the Prophet, as well as the poetic verses by citing the connotations and meanings they bear that support what came in the narration of the prophet Mohammad and Imam Ali and his son Imam Hassan peace be upon them

The Affection Of (The Reason Of The Judgment ) In The Grammatical Structure Of The Noble Qurʾān.
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In The Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon Muhammad, his pure family, and his chosen companions
Having said that, this research article studies the affection of the ( Judgment Reason ) in the syntactic structure of the Noble Qurʾān. So, most of the exegete of Qurʾān determine that the judgment reason is making change in the linguistic structure. Therefore, the judgment reason has left many affections in the syntax as:- the usage of the lingual relative and the relative pronouns, the re- usage of the noun instead of its pronoun and others. Thus, the Noble Qurʾān and its interpretation have been good field for this major of research. By so doing, number of topics which were authored by the Qurʾānic exegetes have been well researched in this study. Such topics were identified and classified by those interpreters as ( Judgment reasons). In addition, those exegetes have ranked those topics, discussed them and finally gave their conclusions. At last I beg Almighty Allah to accept this research article and not misguide us away from the righteousness

Two do not differ in that the Islamic conquests had a great positive impact on the liberated countries, whether those countries were in the Maghreb or the East, and one of the most important results obtained from those conquests is that they facilitated the process of movement of scholars and students of knowledge in its vast areas, and through that it becomes a cultural exchange between the Islamic Maghreb And the rest of the Islamic countries, including the Hijaz, and through the movement of scholars and students of knowledge throughout the Islamic cities, this is what is known as the journey, as it had lofty goals in Islam and its reasons were numerous. Official trips at the cost of their princes and scientific trips are undertaken by evacuation scholars in search of knowledge and knowledge, so they moved from one country to another and faced multiple difficulties and hardships, and they endured all of that, devoting themselves to knowledge. As a result, there has been a cultural exchange between the parts of the Islamic countries, and the evidence for this we find evident in the movement or travel of many scholars and students of knowledge and knowledge from the Islamic Maghreb to the Hijaz. Several books on mental and transport sciences entered the country. Among the most important search results are the following:
1. The country of Hijaz is of great importance in the hearts of Muslim Arabs, as it is the center of polarization for the Islamic world as the cradle of the first Islam. It is from it that its light shone, and in it is His Sacred House and the tomb of His greatest Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant him peace), and from it the banners of conquest were held to fill the earth with goodness and justice, and since the Hijaz is a center of polarization Muslims throughout Islamic history, until God inherits the earth and what is on it. Every Muslim is willing to endure hardships in order to reach the Sacred Mosque. As a result, the so-called Hijaz trips appeared, which is a means of communication between Islamic countries and Muslims.
2. It became clear that there were several ties that linked the Hijaz and the Islamic Morocco, the most important of which are the ties of religion, lineage and language, as a number of Moroccans were associated with intermarriage with the people of Hijaz and intermarriage included a part of the Hijazi and Moroccan people, and the interdependence extended to the extent of settling in Hijaz and owning and reclaiming lands.
3. The scientific trips took a different line during the time periods, as they were characterized by being of a literary nature in general as well as being of an informative character. The religious factor greatly influenced the encouragement of society in general and travelers in particular to travel and move, which was done through that Meeting with religious scholars and ascetics, and that the trip provided them with an opportunity to visit many cities of Islam, which was reflected in the authorship of their trips, and that the trips deserve an independent historical study, because of the valuable information in various fields, as the trips contributed to documenting the knowledge connections as they transmitted the social and intellectual culture between countries

The research was made to quite a few collections of pre-Islamic poets , We find that the exceptional composition ( except that ) It was mentioned in the poetry of some of them once, Which means tendency to other methods and abandoned its use was present in previous eras, The research Contented with what is meant by it and the one who controls that context that precedes the composition, which gives it a different connotation from the other , According to what is required by the type of exception in the place of the text and what the interpreter tolerates after an exception (except) from a linguistic position in the sentence, and this matter made us highlight the study of the composition (except) in pre-Islamic poetry , Semantic grammatical study. The study was divided into presenting some poetic evidence and studying it grammatically and semantic In it, the importance of the topic was presented, and after that, I brought together the most prominent results on which the research was based, and then the list of sources