iklil for Humanity Studies

The current research aims to find out the obstacles to the use of digital education using smart devices and proposals for treating them from the point of view of professors in the History Department. The researcher followed the descriptive research approach for the research objectives and the intentional method in choosing creativity, after (30) learning in the history departments affiliated with the College of Education in Iraq, and it was done Designing a questionnaire to find out the opinion of teachers in the History Department after distributing it to them, verifying the proof and validity of the questionnaire, presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and supervising the obstacles that prevent the use of digital education using smart devices and recommendations for their treatments from their point of view. After the data was statistically presented, the results appeared. There is research on obstacles without use. Education in teaching includes that there is no laboratory for digital tools and modern digital tools necessary for education, in addition to the fact that the professors required in the History Department are not proficient in the technological skills necessary for digital education using smart devices, and they lack the ability and competence in this use of digital devices. In light of the results of the research, the research guides for scouting, holding the Flame Dance for all teaching staff and the request on how to use digital education using smart devices in university teaching.

The research aims to identify how to use historical maps and their impact on the growth of cognitive abilities among middle school students in middle schools affiliated with the First Rusafa Directorate of Education in Baghdad. The research population consisted of (450) male and female students, while the research sample numbered (112) male and female students. The research tool was a questionnaire that included items related to the cognitive abilities that students acquire when using historical maps in history lessons by history teachers. It consisted of (20) items, and the following statistical methods were used (Cronbach’s alpha equation - percentage weight - weighted mean equation). Results were concluded. Research on the importance of using historical maps in teaching history in developing the cognitive abilities of middle school students. In light of this, the researcher developed a number of relevant recommendations and proposals.

This research discusses the problem of school dropout in Iraq، where the educational system faces many challenges that hinder its development، most notably the frequent absence and dropping out of students from schools، as this phenomenon affects the efficiency of educational institutions and leads to the waste of human energies. The research aims to study the role of school administration in facing this problem in schools in the area of sponsorship، where it seeks to reveal the significance of the differences from the point of view of school principals according to the independent variables of the study، namely the type of management، gender and years of experience، which depends on the descriptive analytical approach using a questionnaire to determine the role of management. The results of the research indicate that school principals have a major role in reducing dropout، in addition to the presence of several factors such as curriculum difficulties and lack of educational staff، which contributes to exacerbating the problem.

The current research aims to: (Design an electronic strengthening book to teach the Arabic language to first-grade primary school students according to Qira'ati curriculum ). After tracking the software available on the Internet, an interactive electronic book was designed using the Canva program, and the opinions of experts and specialists were taken into account regarding the educational and technical standards for the proposed book after the researcher adopted a questionnaire in which she sought the opinions of (10) Experts and specialists in teaching methods, educational technology, and educational and psychological sciences The designed book targets the newly educated category of first-grade primary school students and prepares for them a strengthening book according to the codified “Qira'ati” curriculum that can help them learn the Arabic language in a new, interactive, electronic, interesting way that is in line with the contemporary trends towards electronic transformation in education. The current research has followed the descriptive and analytical approach in presenting the results and their interpretation. The results showed the positivity of the interactive e-book designed according to its educational and technical standards.

The academic content of the research is based on studying the effect of the six hats strategy on developing basic skills in the art education subject for first-year middle school students. The research problem lies in the following question: What is the effect of the six hats strategy on developing basic skills in the art education subject for first-year middle school students? While the importance of the research in the six hats strategy is highlighted as one of the strategies that have brought about a clear development in education as a process، because it urges individuals to have the skill of giving good information about a specific problem or situation and provides them with a suitable environment to express what is going on in their minds regarding ideas about solving the existing problem. The researcher used an experimental design with partial control، and the research sample was divided into two groups: the first is an experimental group subject to the "six hats" strategy، and the second is a control group that follows the traditional method. The number of students in the experimental sample was only 70 students، and the experimental group consisted of 35 students and the control group of 35 students. The researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations as follows:
1. The six hats strategy had an impact on developing basic skills in art education.
2. The impact of the six hats on developing basic skills in art education through the strategy procedures.
3. Urging art education teachers to work with new methods and strategies in developing and mastering the skills of art education.
4. Paying attention to modern teaching models، including (the six hats strategy) within the vocabulary of art education teaching methods.

The research aims to identify the nature of human comfort and health in the study area, through some of the bioclimatic indicators that are a real indicator of his comfort, which can be inferred from the nature of the biological categories of each of these bioclimatic indicators, the most prominent of which are (the global thermal climate index - UTCI - and the wind cooling coefficient - KO - and the thermal disturbance index - Di - and the effective temperature index - ET -), as the results of each of these indicators varied when applied to the study area, as during the first indicator witnessed the most repetition of the comfortable biological category, and the second witnessed the most repetition of the hot category, and the third the comfortable category was repeated with six repetitions extending from April to September, while the last indicator came the biological category without thermal disturbance as the most repeated category with five repetitions, and this variation in the repetitions of biological categories in the biological indicators reflects the nature of the climatic elements that are variables for each of these indicators on the one hand, and on the other hand reflects the variation in human comfort and health for each month of the year.

The Russian Federation is a major country with regional and international interests and goals that it seeks to achieve by using all economic, political, diplomatic and military means to reach its goal. Although Russian policy is characterized by a kind of ambiguity and lack of stability in its positions towards international issues and crises, it is well aware of the importance of presence. In the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf region, especially since Russia is considered an effective economic and security force in many countries in this region, this is due to its exports of goods and its marketing of its giant oil companies that invest in these countries. Iraq is one of the most important of these countries that attracts the attention of global and regional powers by virtue of its Its strategic location and the diversity of its wealth, but Russia, even though it enjoys friendly relations and common interests in Iraq, is not able to destabilize the American and regional hegemony in Iraq, and then the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which was considered the most important change in the entire region and led to major changes in the structure of the international political system. Which was based on bipolarity and the end of the Cold War. Russia worked to adopt policies consistent with its current situation, as it led to Russia moving towards the Middle East and the Arab region in general and Iraq in particular by establishing security and military alliances to help it in its new political situation. This policy emerged after... Vladimir Putin came to power beginning in the year 2000, where he worked to create new roles for the Russian Federation, and worked to restore relations with Iraq in its regional and international aspects. Thus, Iraq began to look forward to building strong and new relations with it, as it is a great power, and after the United States of America’s occupation of Iraq, which... It gave the Russian Federation an opportunity that it had been looking forward to for a long time, which is to enter the region economically, politically, and militarily, especially since Russia was supporting Iraq by using its membership in the UN Security Council and its rejection of the unjust sanctions and decisions against Iraq as a people and a state, which is evidence of effective bilateral cooperation between the two sides, but today we find that Cooperation between Iraq and Russia in many fields, including energy, security, and combating terrorism. Russia did not hesitate to stand by the Iraqi during the war against the terrorist ISIS, and began providing him with weapons and advanced military technology and exchanging intelligence information, which indicates that Iraqi-Russian relations smiled positively after 2003.

Industrial pollution is one of the largest and most important threats to human health and the environment in the world today due to the large amount of pollutants emitted by factories and industrial facilities including toxic chemicals، heavy metals، particulate matter، smoke، vapors and gases as well as solid pollutants. These pollutants can have a wide range of harmful effects on health including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Many communities live near industrial areas، which exposes their residents to the risk of these diseases.
This study (The impact of industrial factories on the health of the population and society in the Hamamiyat area) aims to explore the relationship between industrial pollution and the health of the population. It will examine the types of pollutants emitted by factories and industrial facilities، the health effects of these pollutants، and to show ways to deal with gaseous waste and the measures that can be taken to reduce industrial pollution and protect the health of the population.

The study highlighted the importance of establishing industrial workshops within or near residential areas because they provide essential goods for the residents' daily lives. Additionally، these workshops play a significant role in creating job opportunities for the local population، contributing to an improved standard of living and meeting their basic needs. The study also revealed that most of the locations where these workshops are established are rented and not privately owned. This raises concerns among workshop owners and limits the potential for the development of the workshops and machinery، as the land is neither owned nor stable. Moreover، the limited space of these workshops adds to the challenges. The location of these workshops near other workshops and their interconnection، along with their proximity to main roads، has contributed to the increased marketing of their products outside these areas، resulting in benefits and increased sales for the workshop owners. The study found that the majority of industrial workshops within the study area are distributed as follows: woodworking workshops، which represent the largest proportion (40%); followed by automobile repair workshops at (27%); blacksmithing workshops at (22%); and finally، automobile painting workshops and printing presses، each constituting (4.5%) as per the field study. It was also observed that some methods were employed to ensure the sustainability of production in these workshops، such as recycling raw materials and reducing waste output. The study highlighted the efforts made by workshop management to contribute to the employment of workers in other workshops after they gain experience، in addition to training workers in new skills and providing support for community projects.
Finally، several general problems faced by industrial workshops were noted، the foremost being the inadequate government electricity supply for operating these workshops، leading most owners to rely on private generators. This issue accounts for (40%) of the problems faced by these workshops. The second problem is limited space، which accounts for (18%). Additionally، the lack of cooperation from the relevant authorities، particularly concerning the disposal of waste generated by these workshops، accounts for (13%); the difficulty in accessing raw materials accounts for (9%); and finally، the issue of congestion، given that these workshops are located within residential areas، also accounts for (9%). Therefore، the research recommendations include the necessity of providing the required funding to ensure the sustainability of production in these workshops through government support for the industrial sector، facilitating investment procedures، and developing industrial infrastructure. Additionally، supporting small and medium enterprises by providing easy loans through banks and financial institutions، developing the skills of workers through training and establishing vocational training centres، and finally، applying modern technologies in the operation of these workshops، would lead to increased production and reduced costs. Collectively، these factors contribute to ensuring the sustainability of production in these workshops.

The research aims to control of the Siberian blocking high over Iraq and its relationship to air currents at the level (300) hPa through the total frequencies of the two observations (00, 12) GMT and the duration of stay during the period (2010-2021) It turns out that the control of the altitude is associated with the prevalence of atmospheric stability such as the clarity of the sky and the prevalence of drought and cold weather, and this appears when attached to the polar current, which increases the life of its control and shrinks the mass of the high, which remains for a certain period, unlike the subtropical current, which works to increase the weight of the blocking block, which helps to slow its movement, and therefore its survival is for a longer period.

The research addresses the complex relationship between population growth and poverty in Iraq during the period from 2014 to 2020، highlighting the social and economic challenges the country has faced. The increasing population، driven by high fertility rates and early marriages، has put additional pressure on public services. In contrast، economic and security crises، such as the conflict with ISIS and the decline in oil prices، have significantly exacerbated poverty. The research indicates that the deterioration of living conditions for Iraqis is a result of rising unemployment rates، especially among the youth، and increasing economic disparities among population groups. Poverty in Iraq manifests in various forms، including absolute poverty، extreme poverty، and relative poverty، all of which impact individuals' ability to meet their basic needs. The analysis of the relationship between poverty and population growth reveals that population increases are associated with higher poverty rates، particularly in southern provinces like Diwaniyah، Maysan، and Dhi Qar. These provinces suffer from a lack of economic diversification and limited job opportunities outside the agricultural sector، leading to higher poverty rates. The research concludes by noting that rising unemployment، worsened by security and economic conditions، contributes to the growth of poverty، making it essential to adopt comprehensive economic and social policies to mitigate these challenges.

Este artículo se clasifica dentro de los estudios de la literatura comparada que trata de realizar una comparación literaria, ocupándose de dos escritores de la literatura en el exilio y el Mahŷar del siglo XX pertenecientes a diferentes culturas: Gibarán Jalil Gibarán en la literatura de la Migración árabe y Pedro Salinas en la literatura del exilio español. El motivo del artículo es estudiar el fenómeno de la contemplación poética en la obra del exilio español, El Contemplado (2011) de Pedro Salinas y la de literatura de la migración árabe, El Profeta (2003) de Jalil Gibarán y, al mismo tiempo, hacer un ejercicio de literatura comparada, concretamente analizando y sintetizando diferencias y similitudes entre las dos obras.

Parole chiave: La storia, terminologia politica, lingua italiana
RiepilogoIl linguaggio della politica italiana tra Ottocento e Novecento
Sono numerosi i linguaggi settoriali, e tra questi quello della politica occupa una posizione rilevante nel vasto panorama, e la sua realizzazione nonché la sua diffusione dipendono da una serie di elementi, quali possono essere la situazione nazionale di un determinato momento storico, oppure la condizione socioeconomica della popolazione di un determinato Stato e i rapporti che ci sono tra le numerose forze politiche legate alla gestione della Repubblica italiana.
Rispetto agli altri tipi di linguaggi, quello politico sembra avere in sé regole ben radicate al suo interno, come nella struttura del testo, sia esterne e dunque collegate alla circolazione del messaggio. Tra tutti i tipi di linguaggi, quello politico è stato, sin dalla sua legittimazione in tempi antichi, sempre governato da strategie ed elaborate tattiche, con l’obiettivo di raggiungere quello che i latini definivano il fidem facere et animos impellere , ovvero convincere il cittadino in modo razionale e persuaderlo nell’animo.
Il discorso politico, il cui impianto discorsivo viene costruito grazie alla fusione di diversi livelli linguistici, mette in prima luce tratti fonetici e intonazionali, cercando di scegliere particolari moduli morfo-sintattici e semantici, optando poi per le figure retoriche e per particolari impianti argomentativi, il tutto sempre con l’unico scopo primario, ovvero quello di fomentare e aumentare l’adesione del cittadino alle tesi sostenute, al progetto avanzato da una fazione politica, da un movimento o da un leader politico. Nei confronti dei cittadini, dunque vengono costruiti complessi percorsi testuali con parole chiave, neologismi, frasi ben costruite per attirare o rinsaldare la fiducia del popolo elettore, il tutto in occasione di un referendum, campagne elettorali e politiche. I tipi di discorso naturalmente sono svariati: si va dal discorso ufficiale tenuto in parlamento all’intervista, dal comizio tenuto nelle piazze alla conferenza stampa, dal dibattito televisivo all’articolo di giornale fino al comunicato di partito. Altresì in gran numero sono poi i canali di comunicazione tramite cui viene diffusa la parola politica, scritta e orale, attraverso i mass media con il cittadino spettatore e ricettore di queste forme di comunicazione politica

This paper tries to investigate the issue how president Donald Trump employed his political inauguration speech as a way to highlight his policy plans and express his views on the American political landscape. Accordingly,the main objective of this paper will be to analyze the inaugural political speech of the 44th US. President Donald Trump to identify the types of critical discourse analysis, inorder to reveal how Trump persuades the audience to accept his opinion and political intention to support him. To do this, the researcher has adopted Van Dijk's (1998) CDA model which analyzes linguistic and non-linguistic structures to understand them deeply and reveal their hidden meanings.
The paper endeavors to answer the following questions:
1. What are the most relevant linguistic and nonlinguistic features that Trump uses in his inauguration political speech?
2. What are the possible implications of Trumps' choice of certain lexical items in his inauguration speech?
3. What are the ideological positions expressed in Trump's use of specific grammar structures including personal pronouns?
Thus, the analysis is done owing to the five categories of CDA elements found in Trump's inauguration address, "thematic, syntactic, semantic, stylistic, and rhetorical style with their subdivision". Data is acquired in a variety of ways, including videos and scripts. Following inquiry and analysis, the paper concludes that Trump has used different language forms frequently to strengthen the policies of the ideology and power of his government, especially his racial attitudes towards foreigners to attract the audiences' emotions to follow the government's direction. This paper further discovers two aspects of CDA in Donald Trump's inauguration address; that is overall structure and detailed hidden meanings.

В статье особое внимание уделено семантико-прагматическому аспекту способов выражения побуждения в рекламе. Именно поле интернета сейчас является интересной площадкой для наблюдения за развитием разнообразия форм рекламного текста. Цель статьи: рассмотреть используемые в рекламных текстах способы выражения побуждения и проанализировать их семантико-прагматические особенности.

ئەم لێكۆڵینەوەیە تیشك دەخاتە سەر چەمكی شیعری سیاسیی لەبەرڕۆشنایی پەیوەندیی ئاڵوگۆڕی نێوان شیعر و سیاسەتدا، بەگشتی بریتییە لە پێشەكیی و دوو پار و ئەنجامەكان.
توێژەر هەردوو ئەو بۆچوونانە دەتۆژێنێ كە بریتیین لە :
یەكەم: ئەو بۆچوونەی پێی وایە كە شیعر و سیاسەت دوو دنیای جودان و هیچ پەیوەندییەكیان نییە بەیەكەوە.
دووەم : ئەو بۆچوونەی پێی وایە كە پەیوەندییەكی تووند و تۆڵ هەیە لە نێوان شیعر و سیاسەتدا.
لە پارییەكەمدا هەوڵمانداوە چەمكی شیعری سیاسیی بخەینەڕوو لە دوو تەوەردا،تەوەرییەكەم : بەشیعركردنی سیاسەت، كە مشتوماڵی كاریگەری شیعر دەكات لەسەر سیاسەت، لە تەوەری دووەمدا : باسمان لە بە سیاسەتكردنی شیعر كردووە، كە بریتییە لە كاریگەری سیاسەت لەسەر شیعر. لە پاری دووەمدا، هەوڵمانداوە هەندێ نموونە باس بكەین لە شیعری كوردیدا. هەروەك لەڕێكاری لێكۆڵینەوەكەدا پشتمان بەستووە بەڕێبازی وەسفی شیكاریی لە پێناوڕوونكردنەوەی زیاتریڕا و بۆچوونی شارەزایان لەو بوارەدا.

This study examines the complex linguistic manipulations used in political speeches to shape public perceptions and influence voter behavior. Political discourse is a powerful tool used by politicians to persuade, mobilize, and reinforce their authority. This study adopts a critical stylistic approach to analyze the various linguistic features and rhetorical strategies used by politicians to convey authority, construct identities, and spread ideology. Through a detailed analysis of selected political speeches in different contexts, this study reveals the underlying patterns and techniques of linguistic manipulation and provides insights into the power dynamics inherent in political discourse.
For example, the study compares rhetorical techniques used by politicians in Western democracies with those used by politicians in other political systems, highlighting both universal and culturally specific elements of political language.
The study includes the example of Barack Obama’s inaugural address and analyzes key speeches, highlighting his use of inclusive pronouns and metaphors of unity and progress. For example, Obama’s use of phrases such as “we will” and “our country” emphasizes his inclusive approach and promotes a sense of collective identity and common goals (Obama, 2009). Donald Trump’s campaign speeches are examined, focusing on his use of transitivity and pronouns to create an “us and them” narrative.
The presidential campaign speeches of Donald Trump are a data that has been analyzed and this paper focuses on transitivity and pronouns that helped Trump build an ‘us against them’ mentality. In his speeches, there are many instances where Trump will use a pronoun such as, “They”, “Them” which serves to construe his audience as insiders and anyone not in his audience as outsiders (Trump, 2016). Angela Merkel’s speeches about immigration: her approach with the addressees is based on the modality’s analysis that allows empathetic behavior the intermediate position between the empathy and the authority. Merkel uses modal verbs such as ‘must’ indicating the necessity of the undertaken actions and, despite the largely formal discourse, she opts for empathy invoking humanism (Merkel, 2015). The insights of the given study contribute to the philosophical understanding of how power relations are enacted in political discourse through language to arrange whom the world is made of and how it is to be performed. It is therefore healthy to learn about these linguistic strategies so that people can be better informed in order to get a fair political system. Through analyzing the strategies enacted in political addresses contained within this paper, the audience will be provided with the means of decoding the political rhetoric and explaining the nature of persuasion and, specifically, of manipulation.

En las últimas décadas los medios audiovisuales (el cine) se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable en el contexto educativo en general. Su importancia se destaca especialmente por ser una herramienta poderosa para fomentar el aprendizaje de idiomas y promover la comunicación y el entendimiento entre diferentes culturas. Además, ha venido desempeñando un papel relevante en las clases de español en contextos de no inmersión, puesto que, plantea escenarios reales para conocer el contexto de habla de la lengua extranjera.
Ante este importante hecho, el presente articulo pretende revisar cuál es el papel de los medios audiovisuales (el cine) en el desarrollo de las destrezas de comprensión y expresión oral en el aula de ELE. Para ello, se propone analizar contextos de no inmersión, caso de Irak, con el fin de promover el uso del cine hispanohablante en la clase de español. En se sentido, es preciso revisar en un primer momento los argumentos teóricos de investigaciones que tratan este tema. Por otro lado, es importante resaltar el elemento cultural que invita a vivir el cine, promoviendo la competencia Intercultural en los estudiantes. Así mismo, revisar la forma en al que el cine se utiliza actualmente en la clase de español en Irak.
Por otro lado, si bien se cuenta en la actualidad con variados programas y medios audiovisuales como las películas, los documentas y las series. En esta investigación se centra la atención en la utilidad de los cortometrajes, como un elemento que cumple varios criterios que se acomodan a las secuencias didácticas de una clase de ELE. Finalmente, de manera clasificatoria y ordenada se propone una serie de actividades que pueden servir de base para que los profesores en Irak las implementen en su clase de español

Аннотация. В современной литературе особое внимание уделяется не только сюжету и композиции произведения, но и глубине проработки персонажей. Один из ярких представителей такого подхода – писатель Тимур Пулатов. В его произведениях каждый персонаж обладает своей уникальной семантикой имени, которая играет важную роль в раскрытии характеров и отношений между героями.
Имена персонажей в прозе Тимура Пулатова становятся неотъемлемой частью текста, придают ему дополнительные значения и символическую нагрузку. Автор выбирает имена тщательно, чтобы передать настроение, эмоциональное состояние и особенности характеров своих героев. Каждое имя имеет свойственные ему коннотации и ассоциации, которые помогают читателю лучше понять мир произведения и его обитателей. В данной статье мы рассмотрим основные приемы использования семантики имён персонажей в прозе Тимура Пулатова и выявим значимость этого литературного приема для создания образов и взаимодействий героев.
Имя персонажа является одним из важных элементов литературного произведения, которое способно передавать определенные смыслы и отражать особенности характера или роли героя. В произведениях Тимура Пулатова имена персонажей также играют значительную роль, создавая особую атмосферу и придавая дополнительный смысл тексту.

This study tackles the main difficulties faced by students of the department of English in the college of education for women at Al Iraqia University in learning Received Pronunciation, and sheds light on some of the obstacles that cause general weakness among students in pronouncing this accent, and suggests appropriate solutions to get rid of them. The study reviews the definition and the importance of pronunciation in general in civilized human communication, and then moves on to demonstrate the differences between dialect and accent to be an introduction to reviewing what Received Pronunciation is, its characteristics, and its importance. In addition, the study reviews some basic rules on how to pronounce Received Pronunciation. After, searching and investigating, in addition to conducting a questionnaire for the students about the most important difficulties they face in learning this accent, the researchers concluded some general and specific difficulties related to learning and mastering this accent, and suggested some appropriate solutions that help in solving these problems.
1. Introduction

The majority of the issues and challenges brought up by written work can be classified to be societal phenomena because written work is an institution of society that employs words as a medium, words is additionally a technological advancement, and if written work embodies daily existence, then daily existence itself is a reality in society. The written word continually had a duty to fulfill because it is unimaginable for it to remain exclusively human being in the earth. As a result, the work of fiction is classified as " type of literature that depicts the reality of society in its various circumstances, in every phase of advancement, and presents it against all their own challenges." (Bedir 11). The work of fiction represents the collective's communication to society, through its author, has brought to light, in order to demonstrate the idea that a person will never fully independent their lives from the society in which they reside, and that all of their behaviors are primarily reactions to their environment. This study examines an Egyptian family that is part of Arabian society and demonstrates the effect of society on the various characters in Mahfouz's Trilogy between the second and fifth decades of the century that followed.

The current study focused on the problems encountered by Iraqi teachers when teaching listening and speaking using the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. The implementation of CLT has been widely debated by researchers in the field of methodology due to the difficulties encountered in applying it not only in Iraq, but also in other parts of the world where English is taught as a foreign language. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the problems faced by Iraqi teachers when implementing this approach. The study used a mixed-method design based on quantifying qualitative to gather and analyze the data through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. Part (A) is concerned with personal information, part (B) assesses the extent to which Iraqi teachers are appropriate in using CLT, and part (C) investigates the source of problems that Iraqi teachers face when adopting CLT, namely difficulties resulting from (a) teachers, (b) students, (c) educational system, and (d) CLT itself. The research questions of this study are: (1) what are the major problems behind the weakness of teaching listening and speaking skills by Iraqi teachers? (2) To what extent are Iraqi teachers appropriate in implementing CLT? The results of this study showed that the participants agree with 'Yes' respondents to all problems despite their interesting in CLT as an approach in their teaching in the classroom Furthermore, the study concluded that there is a significant gap between the level of theoretical aspects of CLT and its practical implementation by Iraqi teachers.

Online assessment offer useful means of assessing knowledge and abilities, but they also present some difficulties that must be resolved in order to have a positive assessment experience.
Online assessment may seem easy, but there can be major challenges that cause real difficulties for students, cast doubt on the reliability of the exams, and undermine the credibility of the institutions. However, the present study aims to shed the light on determine the challenges that most of EFL Iraqi students faced during online assessment. For this purpose, the researches set a questionnaire which contains three parts each part describes different data which related to each other. The data was collected from Iraqi EFL undergraduate third year students chosen randomly from Department of English, Al-Mansour University Collage, University of Diyala, Mustansiriya University. The results are analyzed through descriptive statistics of the data through SPSS 26 software program. According to the findings, the researchers recommend some ideas for each part of the study.

This exploration study meant to analyze and think about the portrayal of disengagement and quarantine in scholarly works from verifiable pandemics with those from the contemporary Coronavirus pandemic. The objective was to clarify any progressions or congruities in discernments and encounters over the long haul, adding to a more profound comprehension of the human reaction to pandemics. A qualitative analysis was directed on chosen scholarly texts from various verifiable pandemics, including the Black Death, Spanish Flue, and the later Coronavirus pandemic. The example was included books, sonnets, journals, and different types of individual account. The philosophy consolidated topical examination, using a pre-decided set of subjects, for example, 'dread and uneasiness', 'dejection', 'versatility', and 'local area soul'. The outcomes showed many portrayals of seclusion and quarantine across the chose texts. Notwithstanding the delay, numerous shared traits were recognized, like the outflows of dread, despondency, and vulnerability. Be that as it may, there were additionally prominent contrasts, especially in the portrayal of social reactions and mechanical impacts. Conversation of the discoveries uncovered how writing, as a type of social articulation, catches and conveys the intricate human feelings and cultural elements set off by pandemics. While shared encounters like trepidation and uneasiness stayed steady, changes were most apparent in depictions of local area reactions and mechanical advances, reflecting cultural changes and progressions in medical services. Taking everything into account, this study reveals insight into the persevering through topics of human experience during pandemics and the advancing perspectives formed by cultural and innovative movements. The findings highlight the importance of scholarly examination for understanding cultural and human responses to worldwide wellbeing emergencies, empowering further interdisciplinary investigations.

This study addresses the problem of translating allusions to religion, history, and mythology found in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's free verse poetry from Arabic into English.
It demonstrates that writing is a “re-invention of an invention” and a renewal of the prior meanings, thoughts, and ideas, thus translators must approach the task realizing that texts are not truly original, but rather that they might intersect with a corpus of texts from other sources.
The integration of intertextuality theories with translation studies has the potential to enhance our comprehension of intertextual relationships within texts and facilitate the accurate translation of diverse intertextual allusions.
This study aims to elucidate the strategies employed by translators in handling the poetic and cultural references in Al-Sayyab's writing, using Ritva Leppihalme's approach, which emphasizes the significance of cultural context and the translator's choices.

Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness critiques postcolonial identity, resistance, and ecologically induced issues, filling a massive lacuna in the postcolonial literature. It unpacks how characters move and resist the afterlife of colonialism in contemporary India. Using Homi K. Bhabha's (1994) notion of hybridity with the hijra, Anjum Roy(2017) shows how a "third space" comes to be created where marginalized identities come to redefine against the binaries of society. According to Fanon (2004), it is through resistance that Tilo's acts of defiance against oppressive powers emerge. Roy has already brought to light how environmental degradation has ravaged the land, as one can see in Anjum's expression of grief connected with a polluted river, emphasizing the injustices of colonialism and capitalism. This urge made in it, therefore, goes against these historical narratives and patriarchal norms of reckoning identity and history about postcolonial contexts. The intricate narrative and the complex characters that Roy has woven critique the effect of colonialism and work toward reclaiming the marginalized spaces and stories that will help promote a better understanding of identity, history, and ecological justice in postcolonial discourse.