Journal of Misan Researches

The research dealt with the Iranian political objectives on the African-century region for the geographic importance of this region because it supervises the Red Sea across the Bab al-Mandab, on the one hand and the Indian Ocean. As well as the creation of a front to meet the competitors, particularly the United States of America, so Iran has made all goals to achieve incursion and hegemony in the Horn of Africa, we conclude that they follow various political, economic, military, cultural, religious and other goals Goals for access to the Aur-Africa region and achieve excellence on the rest of the regional and international powers in order to exit isolation and exercise their role outside their borders as affected by States in the Middle East, which their impact is outside its regional borders

This study deals with research and investigation of the endowment of Abd al-Rahman Ibn Al-Hajj (pilgrim) Musa Zaydiyah, a resident of Gaza City. The date of this endowment dates back to 1274 AH / 1857 AD, and it was recorded in Register No. (1), which is the only register of the Gaza Court during the Ottoman era, kept in the Directorate of Historical Documents in Damascus. The document consists of 459 papers size A4. The endowment is classified under family inherented endowment, charitable endowment, and common endowment. The endowment folio in occupies No. (56) in the register, which is a copy of the original taken by the waqif.
The study highlighted the social and economic role played by the endowments in Gaza City. The scriot showed the role of endowments in the society and activities of this city. As for the information contained in the endowment text, it is documented and reliable. Because it bears the seal and signature of the Sharia judge in Gaza and the witnesses, and this information is of an official nature.
It is worth noting that Gaza played an important role during the era of Ottoman rule, and that it was most of the time a sanjak, or a district affiliated to the Levant state, and it was attached to the Jerusalem Province, which is directly affiliated with the Sublime Porte

This study aimed to figure out the relationship between the performance of the Arabic language teachers in the readiness and preparation stages for reading and writing and the reading and the writing level of primary school students. The study adopted the descriptive, analytical approach for data collection from the members of the study sample. The latter consisted of (100) male and female teachers who were randomly selected in addition to (300) male and female students who were randomly selected to apply the reading and writing level tests by (3) students for each teacher. To achieve the objectives of the study, the following tools were used: observation card, reading skills test and the writing skills test. The study concluded a high level in the performance of the Arabic language teachers in the readiness and preparation stages among the primary school students, no statistically significant differences in the level of the performance of the Arabic language teachers in the readiness and preparation stages for reading and writing according to the variables of (gender, educational qualification, and experience), a high degree in the reading level among the first graders, and a high degree in the writing level among the first graders. The study also found a statistically significant correlation at sig. (α = 0.05) between the performance level of the Arabic language teachers in the readiness and preparation stages for reading and writing and the reading level of the primary school students. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends the need for developing the linguistic wealth of students and developing the reading and writing skills, and determining their benefits and uses through stories, tales, language games, picture books and conversation boards

Internal audit acquires its importance, as it is the first line of control for the activities of these state-owned economic units in Iraq and how their management disposes of the resources entrusted to them and the extent to which they achieve the goals they seek to achieve, and given the importance of state-owned economic units and their influential role in the Iraqi economy, strengthening the independence of this function Governance mechanisms related to internal auditing are applied, and a field study was conducted by distributing a list of the questionnaire to a sample of (63) academics and auditors in the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau, as well as workers in the internal audit departments in state-owned economic units, to measure the impact of Governance mechanisms in the independence of internal audit, and the results of the study concluded that there is a relationship between governance mechanisms and the independence of internal audit, The study concluded with several recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need for the responsible authorities to develop a binding framework for governance to be applied in state-owned economic units. And the necessity for the Federal Office of Financial Supervision to oblige the internal auditors of state-owned economic units to abide by the application of the guiding guide for internal audit units

The aim of the present study is to determine the basic training needs of the first grade teachers To achieve this objective, the researcher has used the descriptive analytical method for her study, which depends on data collection and interpretation of the phenomenon. The current research community consists of (1425) of the total teachers of primary schools in the Department of Education of Qalaat Sukar in Dhi Qar province of (143) teachers of first grades
The researcher has prepared two tools, the first is a questionnaire to determine the basic training needs of the research sample and it consists of (5) areas and (50) items, while the second tool is to find out the compatibility of training programs with the basic training needs and it consisted of (5) areas and (47) items. The researcher has presented the tool to a group of specialists in the field of methods of teaching to verify its validity, and then she applied it exploratory to (45) teachers and (5) supervisors. The researcher has applied the two tools in their final form and analyzed the results by using statistical means (weighted mean, percentage weight, percentage ratio, and chi-square).
In light of the results of the research and after analyzing the data for the training needs tool, the results have showed that the teachers of the first grades have basic training needs in all areas of the questionnaire, as the weighted averages for the general level of each field are ranged between (2.36 - 2.609) and their percentage weights are (0.786 - 0.869).
According to the results of the study, the researcher has presented a number of recommendations, the most important are: taking into account the training needs in the specialized and professional fields, and the need to involve the teacher in determining the training needs that s/he sees as nourishing her/his scientific and professional teaching skills. As for the most important suggestions are: conducting a study aimed at developing training programs for primary school teachers, and establishing a training program for the first grade teachers in light of their training needs demonstrated by the research to develop the teacher’s academic and professional performances

International educational standards are a reference and a basic criterion for judging the success of those in charge of curricula in achieving the desired goals. They represent lines or guidelines agreed upon by educators and international and national organizations for what should be the components of the various educational process, and the standards of the National Council for Social Studies (NCSS). It gives answers to the questions that revolve in the minds of all those involved in the educational process, which are: What should students learn? And when? and how? How can this learning be analyzed and evaluated.

The professional competence of the teacher plays an important and prominent role in effective teaching, and whenever the science teacher has sufficient professional competence, it is reflected in his role when initiating the lesson and transferring information as fully as possible. Effective teaching is that teaching that activates the role of the student and makes him the center of the educational process, and the student is a searcher of information, so this study came to show the importance of effective teaching and the role of professional competence in the maturation and crystallization of productive teaching with high efficiency, whose outputs and impact on learners are reflected

تعد اللغة الشعرية نتاج تجارب الشاعر في الحياة؛ فالشاعر ابن عصره ومن خلال اللغة يعبر عن مشاعره وأحاسيسه وعواطفه وما تدور عليه حياته من خلال الكلمة, وما تتحمله من دلالات في داخل النص الشعري. وسيقوم الباحث بدراسة أثر الحضارة في لغة الشاعر البستي في محورين :
المحور الاول : المعجم الحضاري.
المحور الثاني: أساليب البديع.

s research aims to examine the poetry of the poet Hazem Al-Qirtagani (d. 684 AH) and to identify the structures of the sources of the triple verbs, and to clarify their morphological connotations mentioned by the morphological theorists in their works, as well as taking into account everything that would affect the production of semantics, and by that we mean the context in which It contained the morphological form of the source, or the occasion of saying, and so on.
We have followed a method in studying the sources of these verbs, as we have adopted the addition letters that entered the abstract verb, there are triple verbs added with one letter, and additional verbs with two letters, and three more letters with three letters, and each of this type has special structures and their morphological connotations with the reliance on the context, clues and the occasion. As we mentioned above

The current research tagged (the role of human capital development in crisis management) aims to identify the role of human capital development in crisis management in its dimensions (discovery of early warning signals, preparedness and prevention, containment of damage, recovery of activity, learning), the research problem started from the reality of the Council Representatives. Which requires the existence of capable human capital development to mitigate crises and seek to solve them to mitigate their impact on the citizen, through activating crisis management, which is positively reflected on performance during crises, and to clarify the relationship between the main and sub-research variables, two hypotheses were formulated, and the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and it was The questionnaire was the main tool in data collection, in addition to visits and interviews. The questionnaire included (30) paragraphs distributed over two axes, which were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS V.25 & (AMOS V.25), which were prepared based on a number of scales using Likert scale. The quinquennial, and the research community consisted of (members of the House of Representatives, the vice-chairman of the committee and the head of the committee), and the sample of the research respondents was (110) members, the questionnaires were distributed to ((86), the number recovered was (81), of which (5) are invalid questionnaires So that the total number valid for statistical analysis is (81) questionnaire, the importance of the research is through diagnosing and testing the nature of the correlation and influence relationship between human capital development and crisis management in their dimensions. A statistical machine between the development of human capital and its dimensions and crisis management and its dimensions, as it appeared that there is a significant effect with a statistical significance, an indication of the interest of the members of the House of Representatives, the research sample, in strengthening crisis management by adopting all positive practices for the development of human capital, and that any increase in interest in developing the head of Human money will automatically lead to interest in strengthening crisis management

The current research aims to find out the level of obstacles to employing science teachers at the primary stage of the principles of constructivism theory from the point of view of the subject supervisors, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach (work analysis) and the study sample consisted of (72) supervisors and they prepared a questionnaire consisting of (32) A paragraph distributed on (5) axes, which are the obstacles related to the teacher, the obstacles related to prior knowledge, the obstacles related to the environment and the local community, the obstacles related to educational techniques, the obstacles related to the evaluation, and to treat the data statistically, the researchers used the percentage, standard deviations, and the weighted media , After analyzing the data, the two researchers concluded that the level of obstacles for science teachers to employ the principles of constructivism theory was of a moderate degree, and based on this result a set of recommendations were made, including, providing science teachers with a guide that clarifies the principles of constructivism theory and the most important teaching strategies emanating from it with an explanation of the steps to implement these strategies. Also, providing Iraqi schools with special laboratories for teaching science, while making sure to expand the area of these laboratories to accommodate the numbers of learners, in order to provide an opportunity for every learner to practice various educational activities, and to supply these laboratories with adequate educational means and techniques needed by teaching science

The research aims to discover:
1- The level of pedagogical knowledge of the content of the faculty members at the University of Maysan from their point of view?
2- The level of pedagogical knowledge of content among faculty members with scientific specializations at the University of Maysan from their point of view?
3- The level of pedagogical knowledge of the content among faculty members with humanitarian specialization at the University of Maysan from their point of view?
The researchers used the descriptive analytical survey method to achieve the objectives of the research, and the research community included members of the teaching staff at the University of Maysan with their scientific and human specializations, as their number reached (690) teachers, by (393) teachers with scientific specializations, and they make up (57%), and (297) Teaching staff with humanitarian specialties make up (43%), and the sample size was (300) teachers, as the researcher adopted the proportional random stratified sample in choosing the research sample.
The researchers relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data to achieve the objectives of the research, as they prepared a questionnaire consisting of (21) paragraphs distributed on three areas: (Knowledge of educational content CK, pedagogical knowledge PK, pedagogical knowledge of educational content PCK), where the researchers used the statistical package for social sciences ( SPSS) in data analysis, and the following statistical methods: Ka2 square, Pearson correlation coefficient, alpha equation of internal consistency, weighted mean. The search results were:
1- The level of pedagogical knowledge of the content of the faculty members at the University of Maysan was (high) and achieved; Where the weighted mean of the questionnaire as a whole was (3.95) and weight percentile (79%); The weighted averages of the questionnaire items ranged between (3.64-4.26) and the percentage weights ranged between (73% - 85%),
2- The level of pedagogical knowledge of content among faculty members with scientific specializations at the University of Maysan was (high) and achieved; Where the weighted mean of the questionnaire as a whole was (3.93) and weight percentile (78%); The weighted averages of the questionnaire items ranged between (3.56-4.32) and the percentage weights ranged between (71% - 86%).
3- The level of pedagogical knowledge of the content of the faculty members with humanitarian specialization at the University of Maysan was (high) and achieved; Where the weighted mean of the questionnaire as a whole was (3.98) and the weight percentile (80%); The weighted means of the questionnaire items ranged between (3.74-4.35) and the percentage weights ranged between (75% - 87%).
In light of the results that were presented, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions:
1- Holding scientific workshops, continuous meetings, development courses, and expanding continuing education programs to support the pedagogical knowledge of PCK content among faculty members.
2- Conducting a study similar to the current study in other educational institutions

التتبع الدقيق من أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام لأحاديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله وسلم وسيرته وهديه كان من ديدن الإمام علي ( عليه السلام ) كي تتمكن الامة الإسلامية من النجاة وإتباع الصراط المستقيم الذي ارتضاه الله تعالى، ولذلك نجده عليه السلام اتخذ منهجاً وسبيلاً لهذه المرحلة الحساسة في مصير الأمة الإسلامية من خلال تذكيره عليه السلام بسمت رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله وسلم وهديه وسيرته.
فبداء الامام عليه السلام بمشروعه ومنهاجه بغربلة هذا الكم الهائل من الروايات التي نشرها التيار الاموي بين أفراد الامة الاسلامية، فقام الامام عليه السلام بتنقية الرواية الصحيحة من السقيمة والسُّنة من البدعة، مبتدئاً بالعقيدة.
والمنهج الذي رسمه صلى الله عليه واله وسلم له عليه السلام هو صمام الامان للسنُة الشريفة، وطريقته في التعامل معها رواية وتدوينا.. لقد وضع الله ورسوله السنة بحيث تكون حاكمة غير محكوم عليها، التي أراد السلطة الحاكمة أن تنسخ السنُة بالمصلحة، لكن الامام عليه السلام وقف أمام هذا الرأي المنحرف، فبين أن المصلحة كل المصلحة في تحكيم واتباع السنة المحمدية، ولقد ضحى بالخلافة مرة بعد مرة حفاظا على سنة رسول الله أن تنتهك أو يساء الفهم في حقيقة مكانتها.
فرفض الخلافة التي تأتي من عقد يقرن فيه كتاب الله وسنة النبي صلى الله عليه واله وسلم بسنة الشيخين، ورفض أن يشتري استقرار الحكم أيام خلافته بمداهنة أهل البدع والانحراف والمحاولات التي قامة بها السلطة في إخفاء الحقيقة على هذه الامة من خلال طمس السنة المحمدية بالتدليس والوضع والكذب و انتهاك السنن وتعطل الحدود ، ورفض كتيبة جاءت في ذلك الليل المعسعس والملبد بالغيوم على فرض أن تعزز جيشه ولكن بشرط أن تبايعه على خلاف السنة المحمدية يوم جاءه المارقون ، قالوا : نبايعك على كتاب الله وسنة رسوله وسيرة الشيخين ! فرفض أن يقرن بكتاب الله وسنة النبي صلى الله عليه واله وسلم سنة اخرى، ورفض أن يعامل أعداءه ولو مرة بخلاف السنة، وهم يمكرون وينكثون ويغدرون. فالبحث وزع على مقدمة وخمسة بحوث وخاتمة. فكان المبحث الاول: المصطلحات التمهيدية، المبحث الثاني: الامة برجالها، المبحث الثالث: الامام علي عليه السلام والسنة المحمدية، المبحث الرابع: البدعة، المبحث الخامس: أمير المؤمنين يدون سنة النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم

Qur’anic sciences are a group of knowledge and arts that were formed on the basis of the Noble Qur’an and the issues related to it, with the purpose of knowing the Qur’an and getting to know it better and more deeply. Many sciences of the Noble Qur’an and its knowledge appeared in the early days of the revelation of the Noble Qur’an, during the life of the Holy Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and continued and expanded day by day, and according to historical narrations and reports, the Prophet (PBUH) and his family (PBUH) were aware of the Qur’anic knowledge and the sciences associated with him. Such as the abrogating and abrogating, the arbitrator and the similar, the Meccan and Medinan, the reasons for revelation, interpretation, recitation and so on.
Their word is the word of the Qur’an, and the Imams (PBUH) narrators of the Qur’an. Each of the Imams (PBUH), according to their temporal circumstances, interpreted and explained a lot of a specific part of the verses of the Qur’an. And since the Imams (PBUH) are the most knowledgeable people of these sciences after the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, this article seeks to address the narratives of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (PBUH) in the field of these sciences. Given the circumstances of the time of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (PBUH) and the expansion of the various jurisprudential and theological schools, a small portion of his narrations include topics of the sciences of the Qur’an. These narrations are scattered in hadith books and interpretations of narrations, and this article has attempted to mention all his narrations in the field of the sciences of the Qur’an

This study highlights dialectical duality in Arab and international literature, "the ego and the other" and its manifestations in cultural dualism. It is no secret from us that this duality was of interest to many literary and critical studies, and the reason is due to its association with the creative self of the writer or author on the one hand, and on the other highlights the other, which is often considered ambiguous or vague.
It can’t to study the ego apart from the other, and vice versa; because the other play decisive role in the know of self-identity as it is ego’s role, we can’t note one of them without the other inside the literary text, because they integrate each other; therefore, our study tries to clarify the manifestations of the self and the other in the collection of stories (The sun behind the summit)

Narration includes all written and read discourses, whether literary or non-literary, such as televised speech texts and others, and what is written on social media platforms, history books and texts describing a specific problem, and since narrative is a branch of poeticism, which is the science that deals with devising the internal laws of genders The literary system, the extraction of the systems that govern it, the rules that guide its structure and determine its characteristics and characteristics, it must be characterized by its methodology and laws that distinguish it from others, and it has a number of characteristics that distinguish the narrative text from other literary texts, and among these characteristics (description), as it cannot be For any narrative text or approaching narrative to ignore this characteristic, it must be based on it as needed by the nature of the narrative text

The research problem was represented by the following question: (Does the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS17 “insurance contracts” play a role in improving the quality of actuarial accounting information in the insurance sector?) Accordingly, the research aimed to present and discuss the concept of actuarial accounting and to show the services it provides to economic units in general, and the sector Insurance in particular, in addition to the presentation and analysis of the theoretical dimensions of the international financial reporting standard IFRS17 “insurance contracts”, and its role in enhancing the quality of actuarial accounting information, as well as a statement of the most important updates brought by the new standard compared to the international financial reporting standard IFRS4, and the most important conclusions indicated Until that the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS17 defined three measurement approaches, one of which is mandatory application represented by the Building blocks approach (BBA), which is the general measurement approach of the IFRS17 standard, and the second is for investment contracts with an optional participation feature, which is the Variable fee approach (VFA), while there is a third measurement approach. The application is optional and an alternative to the general approach, which is the Premium allocation approach (PAA), which is applied to short-term contracts that do not exceed one year. Developing the capabilities of the financial accountant not only in terms of traditional accounting, but also in terms of future possibilities for developing business in the future and possible ways for that in order to overcome future crises

This research deals with the prediction of the Iraqi Stock Exchange index using the artificial neural network system, The problem of research was the scarcity of studies that dealt with the use of the system of neural networks in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, although there are many within this area at the global and Arab levels, The study assumes that it is possible to predict the value and direction of the Iraq Stock Exchange index using the artificial neural network system, The study aimed to design a model of artificial neural networks for the purpose of predicting the value and direction of the market index and putting this model in the hands of its participants from investors, analysts and financial intermediaries to assist in the decision making process, The research concluded that it is possible to build a model of artificial neural networks in which the market indicator can be accurately predicted

Family security is one of the most powerful guarantees for the promotion of social security and stability. It is one of the basic mechanisms for contributing to the development of family bond. Therefore, legal texts must therefore be consolidated in order to make them a tool for promoting family security in all areas associated with them. Based on ethical, religious and philosophical values related to a certain civilized pattern, in the context of openness to the universal reference established to international instruments and conventions, unless they are firmly opposed to the principles of the Arab nation.
It goes without saying that, given the prevailing challenges and transformations, the institution of family security needs legal and institutional mechanisms that effectively contribute laying the foundations of the family economy, making it more effective and successful in supporting society to become stronger against any attacks, whether internal or external

هدفت الدراسة الحالية معرفة حاجات الطلاب الجامعيين إلى الحاجات الارشادية ومدى تأثيرها على التوافق النفسي لدى هؤلاء الطلبة وهل تختلف الحاجات الارشادية بسبب السن أو الجنس أو التخصص الأكاديمي وأيضاً الإجابة على تساؤلات الدراسة, محاولة التعرف على الحاجات الإرشادية لطلبة الجامعيين, تسلط الضوء على الإرشاد النفسي في المرحلة الجامعية, معرفة العلاقة بين الحاجات الإرشادية والتوافق النفسي, التعرف على مختلف المشاكل والعراقيل التي تؤدي إلى سوء التوافق وتعيق نجاح الطلاب المتعلقة بالتوافق.
وتم تطبيق الدراسة على 480 طالب وطالبة من جامعة ميسان مقسمين إلى نصفين بالتساوي (ذكور/إناث) وموزعين على 8 كليات جامعية مختلفة 4 كليات تدرس تخصصات علمية و4 كليات تدرس تخصصات أدبية وتم اعتماد مقياس لقياس التوافق النفسي والحاجات الارشادية وتمت المعالجة الاحصائية من خلال قياس معاملي الارتباط اسبرمان وبيرسون وقياس الإنحراف المعياري والمتوسط الحسابي لاستجابات العينات وقياس قيمة الدلالة الاحصائية

Iran represents one of the important countries in the Middle East region due to its political and strategic importance, its geographical location and its deep history, which spanned for thousands of years. The old and classic style that it lived for for many years without renewal and development until the February coup of 1921, which brought about a qualitative leap in all
political, social and even economic fields after conflicts, wars, internal competitions and the dominance of external colonialism

The study of cultural aspects has a great importance to reveal the cultural productions in the different regions of Iraq. Perhaps studying the public library in AlAmara, as one of the scientific and cultural edifices in the city, is of great importance in the context of uncovering one of the most vital aspects in one of the Iraqi cities. The research included five aspects, the first one deal with a historical overview of the emergence of libraries in Iraq in general, and in the city of Amara in particular until 1938, while the second aspect shed light on the definition of the public library, its importance and objectives, while the third part focused on establishing the public library in the Al-Amara Liewai in 1938, while the fourth part focused on the library's activity and management in the architecture district, while the fifth aspect dealt with the contents of the public library in architecture.
The research relied on a number of sources that included comprehensive and accurate information about the public library, the most important of which is the annual reports of the Ministry of Education, which included important statistics on the library’s activities

First: Regarding the title mentioned above, the researcher highlights to a wide global cyclopedic scientist that gathered science and knowledge, he is Abi Faraj Ali Bin Al-Hussain Bin Mohammed Bin Al-Haitham Bin Abdul-Rahman Al-Asfahani Al-Baghdadi Al-Shiite, and he is one of Marwan Bin Al-Hakam's sons the last Caliphate of Umayyad. Many scientists in his period praised him. He was characterized with wide knowledge, memorizing poetry, history, heritage and songs from different fields. One of the most famous writings his book "The songs", that he collects the Arab's narration, their poetry, ancestors, their days, their states and even their deaths and granted it to the Sword of the state Bin Hamdan, and in return he paid him one thousand dinars for this great high-minded literary work.
Second: This paper adopts the role of women in the middle of society characterized with despotism and injustice. The woman at that time was treated an accommodation traded at the markets, and lived under a humiliating system that neglected her rights, and made her as a slave and bearded all kinds of insult and humiliation, and forbidden from all her rights, beside she concerns to build a family, preparing food and raising the children. Instead, she has to obey her husband, but she crossed all the limits to claim the ladder of freedom, after being destroyed by the slavery wind.
Third: The woman has played multi roles in achieving the main target, some of them were talented in writing poetry and poems, and some poets wrote about these women in the entertainment and ceremonies councils. She was a good example for powerless

يهدف البحث إلى تحديد متطلبات تطبيق التعليم الإلكتروني لتدريس العلوم للمرحلة المتوسطة في العراق من وجهة نظر المدرسين ومشرفي التخصص, ولتحقيق أهداف البحث استعمل الباحثان المنهج الوصفي وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (25) مشرفاً ومشرفةً و(634) مدرساً ومدرسةً , وأعدا استبانة مكونة من (72) فقرة موزعة على (5) محاور وهي المتطلبات المتعلقة بالمنهج , والمتطلبات المتعلقة بالمدرس , والمتطلبات المتعلقة بالطالب , والمتطلبات المتعلقة بالبيئة التعليمية , والمتطلبات المتعلقة بالبيئة المنزلية , ولمعالجة البيانات احصائياً استعمل الباحثان النسب المئوية والانحرافات المعيارية والاوساط المرجعة , وبعد تحليل البيانات توصل الباحثان الى ان جميع المتطلبات التي وردت في الاستبانة كانت بدرجة كبيرة , واعتماداً على هذه النتيجة قُدمت مجموعة من التوصيات منها , أن تأخذ وزارة التربية والتعليم بمتطلبات تطبيق التعليم الإلكتروني التي تم تحديدها في البحث الحالي وتعمل على توافرها, وكذلك إجراء دورات تدريبية وورش عمل للمشرفين والمدرسين والطلبة على كيفية التعامل مع برامج التعليم الإلكتروني

This study aims to investigate the availability of quality standards in the 1st Intermediate English for Iraq from the perspective of EFL teachers. The study tries to answer the following questions:
1) What is the extent of the availability of quality standards related to the objectives of teaching 1st Intermediate English for Iraq?
2) What is the extent of the availability of quality standards related to the content of 1st Intermediate English for Iraq?
3) What is the extent of the availability of quality standards related to the activities of 1st Intermediate English for Iraq?
4) What is the extent of the availability of quality standards related to the implementation of evaluation in 1st Intermediate English for Iraq?
5) What is the extent of the availability of quality standards related to the layout and printing quality of 1st Intermediate English for Iraq?
To answer the above-mentioned questions, the researcher adopted a descriptive method. A sample of EFL teachers has been chosen randomly from Misan intermediate schools. The sample comprises 100 EFL teachers. An online ninety-one-item questionnaire was distributed to the sample. The questionnaire covers the realms of:
1. objectives,
2. content,
3. activities,
4. implementation of evaluation,
5. and layout and printing quality.
A number of statistical formulas has been used to process collected data such as percentile, chi-square, Pearson co-efficient, Cronbach's alpha, weighted average, standard deviation and percentile weight.

يهدف البحث إلى تقييم إداء معلمي الرياضيات في المرحلة الابتدائية في ضوء معايير منحىSTEM , ولتحقيق هذا الهدف يتطلب :
 قياس درجة معرفة معلمي الرياضيات ومعلماته بمعايير منحى STEMالتكاملي من وجهة نظرهم .
 قياس درجة معرفة معلمي الرياضيات ومعلماته بمعايير منحىSTEM التكاملي من وجهة نظرهم تبعا لمتغير (الجنس, سنوات الخبرة ).
 قياس درجة ممارسة معلمي الرياضيات ومعلماته لمعايير منحى STEMالتكاملي.
 قياس درجة ممارسة معلمي الرياضيات ومعلماته لمعايير منحى STEMالتكاملي تبعا لمتغير (الجنس, سنوات الخبرة ).

هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن الكفايات المهنية لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ في ضوء التعليم الإلكتروني وعلاقتها باتجاه طلبة القسم نحو التخصص ولتحقيق أهداف البحث صيغت ثلاثة أسئلة رئيسة تتعلق بالدراسة وكانت كالآتي:
السؤال الأول: ما الكفايات المهنية المتوافرة لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ في ضوء التعليم الالكتروني من وجهة نظر طلبة؟
السؤال الثاني: ما اتجاهات طلبة قسم التاريخ نحو تخصص؟
السؤال الثالث: ما نوع العلاقة الارتباطية بين الكفايات المهنية لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ في ضوء التعليم الإلكتروني واتجاهات طلبة نحو التخصص.
ولتحقيق أهداف البحث استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي واختارت عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية من طلبة كلية التربية الأساسية وكلية التربية لقسم التاريخ إذ بلغ حجم العينة (150) ولتحقيق أهداف البحث أعدت الباحثة أداتين الأولى استبانة الكفايات المهنية ومكونة من (45) فقرة وهي التي تضمنت (5) مجالات، كفايات التدريسي الإلكتروني، كفايات استخدام الشبكات والإنترنيت، كفايات اعداد المقررات وتنفيذه في تصميم المقرر الإلكتروني، كفايات استخدام الحاسب الالي وملحقاته، الكفايات التقويمية الإلكترونية والاداة والثانية هي مقياس الاتجاه نحو التخصص أشمل على (25) فقرة بعد اجراء المعالجات العلمية من الصدق والثبات أصبحتا جاهزتين، تم تطبيق أدوات البحث على عينة البحث البالغة (150) فقرة وعولجت نتائج البحث باستخدام برنامج الحقيبة الإحصائية الآتية معادلة الاختبار التائي t-test)) لعينة واحدة، والوسط المرجح والنسبة المئوية، ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون، وأظهرت النتائج وجود كفايات مهنية لدي تدريسي قسم التاريخ في ضوء التعليم الإلكتروني، وكذلك الاتجاه الإيجابي لدى عينة البحث نحو التخصص، وهنالك علاقة ارتباط إيجابية ضعيفة بين الكفايات المهنية لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ في ضوء التعليم الإلكتروني وعلاقتها باتجاه طلبة القسم نحو التخصص وفي ضوء نتائج البحث قدمت الباحثة عدد من الاستنتاجات التوصيات والمقترحات، الدور الواضح الذي تؤدي الكفايات المهنية لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ في تنمية الاتجاهات عموماً ولاتجاه نحو التخصص بدرجة خاصة. التعليم الالكتروني وفر فرصة كبيرة لتطوير التدريسي قدراتهم وكفاياتهم المهنية لتلائم مع هذا النظام التعليمي الجديد. عقد دورات متخصصة تدريبية لأعضاء الهيئة التدريس بكليات التربية الأساسية والتربية لدى تدريسيي قسم التاريخ، عقد الدورات لإكساب الكفاءات الأساسية لتصميم الدروس والأنشطة. واعتماد مقياس الكفايات المهنية في البحث الراهن في اعداد التدريسين وفق دورات أو ندوات تدريبية متخصصة وايضاً اعتماد مقياس الاتجاه نحو التخصص للكشف عن نقاط القوة والضعف في أداء الطلبة.

This study examines the pragmatic functions of diminutives in Iraqi Arabic ( henceforth IA). The data of this study has been processed according to the politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). Analysis of data that occurs naturally from the use of diminutives shows that, as an extension of their main use with children, diminutives in IA have taken on pragmatic functions to express contempt, demonstrate passion and love, intensify speaker's feelings, reduce imposition, avoid boasting, and enhance social relationships in ironic situations. The eccentric use of diminutives in IA is to moderate insult caused through marking diminutive on names in hostile situations. It is realized that the formulae are primarily supportive of the listener, and enhance the power of speech in positive politeness situations while reducing the power of speech in negative politeness situations. Thus, the diminutive is utilised as a positive politeness strategy, inclined towards demonstrating emotion and compassion, and creating a cordial atmosphere for communication, and as a negative politeness strategy in order to reduce the imposition and mitigate negative utterances. These pragmatic functions reflect the role of diminutive formulae in IA as a tool used to distinguish, create, or confirm social interactions

It is also clear to us that rhetoric is an important aesthetic method in poetry, as poets used to celebrate it often in their poems because of the aesthetics it achieves in the text on the one hand, and the persuasiveness it achieves to the recipient on the other hand. Among the most famous rhetorical methods that are persuasive and appeal to the recipient are simile, metaphor, and metonymy. Speech through these means is more convincing than ordinary speech, and metaphor is one of the most convincing and influential rhetorical means; It is based on the presentation of the argument and convincing evidence. Speaking through these rhetorical means leads the recipient to persuasion and acceptance, or leads him to increase the degree of his acceptance and conviction

شهد العراق ظروف صحية واجتماعية سيئة كانت كفيلة في انطلاق مشروع يعمل على اذابة هذه المشكلات ومواجهها بشتى الطرق والاساليب من اجل انقاذ البلد من تلك الآفات الخبيثة التي تركت اثراً مؤلماً في العائلات العراقية بفقدان المواليد الجدد وارتفاع نسبة الوفيات بين الاطفال وتهديد النسل في البلد بسبب انتشار امراض الاطفال القاتلة كالحصبة والسل الرئوي والكزاز والتراخوما، فجاء تأسيس جمعية حماية الاطفال في العراق عام 1928 في سبيل حماية الام وطفلها، ومن ثم فرع الجمعية النسائي في البصرة عام 1946 من قبل سيدات وآنسات البصرة لكي يضطلع بمهام وغايات كان لواء البصرة احوج اليها وهي رعاية الاطفال والامهات والعناية بهم بعد ان ألمت بهم احوال اللواء الصحية والاجتماعية التي كانت سبباً في انتشار الامراض القاتلة وارتفاع وفيات الاطفال، من خلال توفير مختلف الخدمات لهم مجاناً من الوقائية والصحية والاجتماعية في مقرها في العشار وكذلك في مراكزها الصحية التي افتتحتها في اللواء بإجراء المعاينة الصحية للأطفال ووصف الادوية من قبل اطباء الاختصاص وتوزيع اللوازم الصحية والغذائية والالبسة وختان الاطفال وفحص الحوامل على يد طبيبة اختصاص نسائية وتوليد والعناية المستمرة بهن طوال فترة الحمل والولادة لصحتها وسلامة المولود، وكانت الطبيبة المختصة تقوم بزيارة مستوصفات الفرع يومين في الاسبوع مخصصات للمراجعات الحوامل، وساهم الفرع بمعالجة الاف الاطفال وانقاذهم من الامراض والعوق والموت على يد جهود اطبائها الذين عملوا عملاً متواصلاً لاستقبال أكبر عدد ممكن من اطفال العوائل المتعففة في مراكزه الصحية لمساعدتهم، فضلاً عن ذلك حظيت الجمعية في البصرة برعاية الجهات الرسمية بدعمها ومشاركتها في مشاريعها من يوم تأسيها

Technological innovations have changed the basis of economic superiority as the dependence of products on natural resources has decreased with the growing effect of the gradual replacement of technological qualifications in improving production efficiency affecting the production function and the dynamics of the technological balance of payments. The importance of the research stems from the impact of the continuous technological transformation in creating a global economic environment in which competitiveness depends on technological knowledge. The research aims to analyze the concepts of the technological balance of payments and monitor its indicators, as well as to approach the performance efficiency of those indicators. The research problem confirms that the disparity in the capabilities of economic environments to keep pace with waves of technological transformation, resulting from the discrepancy in the performance efficiency of a package of qualitative variables between the environments producing technological knowledge and those consuming it. Technology that gives it qualitative opportunities to achieve sustainable economic growth by enhancing the competitive technological advantage in the international market. The research follows a methodology that adopts the shift from the inference of the economic perspective to the extrapolation of indicators based on statistical data closely related to the technological balance of payments, and then eliciting results that support the design of technological development policies according to the comparative analysis approach. The spatial boundaries revolve around a sample of the selected Arab countries and cover the temporal boundaries for the period 2010-2020. Among the most important conclusions is the evidence of documented empirical evidence of foreign trade in the goods and services of knowledge technology industries through the low performance efficiency of its indicators, especially - the ratio of the intensity of exports of high tech and medium tech industries and Low tech. We recommend the creation of an enabling and stimulating environment for technological innovation, through legislative and regulatory tools, through the development of national strategies aimed directly at building the scientific and technological capabilities necessary to create new job opportunities that adopt the new technological inputs and support efforts to achieve higher productivity and better competitiveness in the international market

الحمد لله الذي أتم علينا النعمة، وبعث فينا رسولاً عربيا، يعلمنا الكتاب والحكمة، وخصّه بجوامع الكلم، فربما جمع أشتات العلوم في كلمة، أو بعض كلمة، صلى الله عليه وعلى آل بيته الطيبين.
وبعد:
فلا يزال البحث الفلسفي مورداً تترافد عليه الهمم، على كرّ الزمن، ومرّ الأيام، وكان للأعلام والفلاسفة دور كبير في ترسيخ أو وضع الأسس لأيِّ بحث من البحوث التي سبر أغوارها الفلاسفة , إلا أن القليل منهم من وضع منهجاً واضحا أو مرتكزا معينا يسير عليه في دراسته لأيِّ فرع من فروع الفلسفة , فضلاً عن اعتماد دراساته على مصادر معينة , وكان للأحسائي مرتكزات ومصادر اعتمدها يرى فيها الاتجاه السليم والسبيل القويم لفلسفته لذا سنقفُ في هذا البحث على أهمِّ مصادر فلسفة الشيخ الأحسائي ومرتكزات منهجه