Engineering and Technology Journal

There are a lot of engineering structures working at elevated temperatures for long
periods, as in chemical plants, generation, transfer and energy application or devices
uses of energy, such as turbines and reactors. When those parts work at high
temperature, it was found that their materials which exposed to loads will undergo to
plastic deformation and deforms slowly like a crawl turtle, for this reason they named
this slow deformation as a Creep.
Care has been given in this research has to study the issue of creep under the
influence of various loads under certain temperature, and the implementation of a
creep test machine by a tension samples made from lead .
This research includes a study of creep parameters under the influence of
temperatures. Creep properties were investigated under constant stress and fixed
temperature in terms of the relation between a strain for period of times by the
specimen used in this study which was lead and the applied load was tension

The aim of current research is statement efficiency of different solvents (ethyl
alcohol 80%, cold and hot water) to the extract the highest contain of active
compounds for Thymus vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis. The results showed that
the alcoholic extract has the largest number of active groups in the vegetarian
Thymus vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis compared with other extracts. The
results biological activity of plant extracts the against pathogenic bacteria (P
mirabilis., V. cholera (NAG) and S. typhi) showed the phenolic groups and weak
acids of alcoholic extract for both plants ,where the greatest impact on the bacteria at
a concentration of 100 mg / ml for all species bacteria studied . S.typhi was more
sensitive towards phenolic groups with 16 mm diameter of the inhibition for both
plants, while the V. cholera was most sensitive for the weak acids 8mm diameter and
14 mm inhibition of for both plants respectively. The results of the synergistic
reaction of the part extract bicarbonate (phenolic groups) to extract alcohol for both
plants when blended equal showed increase diameter of inhibition of bacteria to 25
mg / ml concentration, were the S. typhi was more sensitive toward the mix and the
diameter of the inhibition was20 mm. Both cold and hot water extract Separately did
not show any effect inhibitory toward studied bacteria

Extractive multi-document text summarization – a summarization with the aim of
removing redundant information in a document collection while preserving its salient
sentences – has recently enjoyed a large interest in proposing automatic models. This
paper proposes two models for extractive multi-document summarization based on
genetic algorithm (GA). First, the problem is described and modeled as a discrete
optimization problem with two candidate expressions and a specific fitness function
is designed to effectively cope with each candidate. Then, a binary-encoded
representation together with a heuristic mutation and a local repair operator are
proposed to characterize the adopted GA. The semantic roles of similarity of sentence
to sentence, sentence to center of document collection and center of summary to
center of document collection are exploited in the proposed model formulations.
Experiments are applied to ten clusters from DUC2002 datasets (d061j through
d070f) and compared with another state-of-the-art model. Results clarify the
effectiveness of the proposed models. Moreover, the injection of several levels of text
similarity in the model formulation shows a positive impact on enhancing the overall
performance of the proposed GA.

In this work we prepared a porous Silicon (PS) layer by electrochemical etching
(ECE) technique using different etching parameters including current density,
anodization time and Hydrofluoric (HF) acid concentration. From the structural
properties, we found that the full width half maximum of the observed spectrum from
the XRD analysis has been increased and the peak position is slightly shifted to
higher value. Also the etching parameters effect on the pore diameter and in turn on
all chemical compositional and optical properties. As well as for electrical properties,
the barrier height increases with pore diameter and the depletion width as well. From
these result, it can tell that PS layer is better than c-Si for many applications

In this study, hybrid material like ZnO coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(ZnO/MWCNTs) was formation by a multistep chemical procedure and evaluated
for their application potentials as an antimicrobial agent for slowing down bacterial
growth as bacteriostatic and inactivating pathogenic bacteria as bactericidal. The
prepared carbon nanotubes and ZnO nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial
properties of hybrid material (ZnO/MWCNTs) were tested against Salmonella typhi
(S.typhi), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) which are Gram-negative and
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which is Gram-positive by using standard agar
dilution (plate count) method.

Recently, there has been an increasing attention on the preparation of calcium
phosphates CaP for the development, understanding and manufacturing of
biomaterials. In this study, precipitation process was performed to prepare calcium
phosphates powders by varying the Ca/P molar ratio as (1.54, 1.67 and 1.8). Calcium
acetate was added to disodium hydrogen phosphate, the precipitate was left overnight
and dried at 100oC and then the powder was treated at 900oC for 1 hour. The powder
sample was evaluated using such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), atomic force molecules (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR). It can be concluded, it is possible to synthesis hydroxyapatite (HA) and
biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powders with nano particle.

In recent years, the uses of high dimensional appear in a large and a lot of applications
appear within it. So, we study these applications and take one of them that play a central
role in the factoring of prime number which is an application especially in cryptography.
Our main purpose is to introduce another procedure which make the operation of
computing the factoring of N = p.q as more easy as the direct computation fast, therefore,
an approach is working on for finding the number of integral points(lattice points) make
benefit from the concept of the Tutte polynomial and its application on integral points of
a polytope. Polytopes which are taken are the Platonic solid, and a map is making
between a ball and a polytope in four dimensions, then discusses the relation between the
numbers of integral points of them from dimension one to n dimension. We found a
relation between the radiuses of the ball, the edge of the cube which is one of the Platonic
solid and the dimension together with Pascal triangle, the rhombic dodecahedron,
octahedron, and icosahedrons are also taken.

The cubic spline interpolation method is used to design the developed curve. The
method enables the designer to change the shape of the curve to the desired one without
changing the original data points. That done by changing the value of the parameter ti
depending on defined guide points and weighting factors that assigned secretly by the
designer, so that not easily recreate the same design by anyone else even he knows the
original data points that used to design the curve. These curves can be used in many fields
such as banknote design, secure printed documents, the design of cars and airplanes
structures, and Ornament. This paper modifies a mathematical technique to design
complex curves, which are not easy to recreate. The results of this research had
compared with other related methods since the improved models of this research is used
the negative values of the guide to compute the parametric rather than using the only
positive ones; the efficiency of the modified technique had proved by several
comparative examples

In the present investigation, the static electrochemical corrosion behavior of nano
(Al2O3)P based aluminum in Al –Fao water with and without inhibitor was
compared. The nanocomposites were fabricated by using liquid metallurgy technique.
The effect of inhibitors for nanoparticulates weight percentage on the corrosion rate
was studied. The corrosion rate was increased by increasing weight percentage of the
nanoparticles, the Al/ 5% nano (Al2O3)P composites exhibited the highest corrosion
resistance among all the investigated nanocomposites with and without inhibitors.
The obtained results signified that the mechanism of adsorption of thiourea molecules
on the MMC surface was by physisorption.

CdO thin films have been deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) on a
glass substrate. The structural and optical properties of thin films are studied at
different annealing temperatures 100, 200 and 300 Co. By using X-Ray Diffraction,
XRD patterns indicated that films are polycrystalline in nature and cubic phase with
preferred orientation along the plane (111). The optical properties using UV-VIS
spectroscopy show that the direct band gaps decreased from (3 to 2.75) eV with
increasing the annealing temperature from(100-300)Co, this decreasing could be
ascribed to increase of the localized states available in band gap which referred by
Urbach,s energy value

In this work, fabrication and characterization of germanium (Ge) NP is presented.
The germanium particles were prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique
(PLAL) at different laser fluence using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at (1.06 μm) laser
wavelength with pulsewidth 10 ns .Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) and Energy
Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX) are utilized here to study the surface and sizes
of Ge nanoparticles and the evidences for ablation of materials respectively and the
spectrophotometer have been used to characterize the optical properties of the
prepared nanoparticles

The pulsed laser deposition method, PLD, has been used in this project to deposit the
pure Wo3 The aim was to study the influence of temperature on surface morphology of
the deposits materials using Atomic Force Microscope measurements at different
temperatures of (RT,300 ,400)°C . The structural characteristics of the films prepared on
glass substrates have been studied by using X-ray diffraction and AFM. These tests show
that there is a direct relationship between the grain sizes of the nanoparticles observed at
the surface and influence of temperature which means as temperature increases there will
be a similar enhancement in the grain size as well. Additionally, we were able to find that
the best of temperature was 400ᵒC. Furthermore, the characterizations of the gas sensing
of these thin films were strongly influenced by the surface morphology. It has been also
found that nanocrystalline Wo3 gas sensing material was presented a better sensitivity as
temperature increases

Finger spelling (or dactylology) is the representation of the letters of a writing system,
and sometimes numeral systems, using only the hands. These manual alphabets (also
known as finger alphabets or hand alphabets), have often been used in deaf education,
and have subsequently been adopted as a distinct part of a number of sign languages;
manual alphabets have had a number of additional applications — including use as
ciphers, as mnemonics, and in silent religious settings. In this paper a proposed algorithm
for translating English written text to fingerspell, we execute the algorithm using python
programming language on windows eight operating system and produce good results
about accuracy, speed, and the size of text to be translated; also in this paper we will
discuss types of fingerspell and its applications

In this paper, we use a combination of Orthonormal Bernstein functions on the
interval ????0,1???? for degree ???? ???? 5, and 6 to produce a new approach implementing
Bernstein operational matrix of derivative as a method for the numerical solution of
linear Fredholm integral equations and Volterra integral equations of the second kind.
The method converges rapidly to the exact solution and gives very accurate results even
by low value of m. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and
efficiency of the technique and convergence of the method to the exact solution.

In this research, Nickel oxide (NiO) thin film were prepared by using nickel
chloride ( NiCl2.6H2O) on glass substrate by using Spray Pyrolysis technique. The
Structural and optical properties were studied for the growth thin films under
influence different molarities (0.5,1,2 M) by XRD , SEM . The optical properties
studied in the wavelength range from 200-1100nm measured by UV-VIS
Spectrometer device.
The X-ray diffraction studies indicated that intensity was increased with molarities
increase and had cubic structure , these films has grain size values (4.13-11.95 nm)
with different molarities (0.5, 1 , 2M) , SEM found the films has smooth surface with
grains scattered throughout the surface and the surface the films filled with the
clusters of the larger grains the at increase molarities and AFM it is found the
(RMS) of NiO films increased from 7.77 to 20.7 nm and the roughness average
increased from 5.73-15.6 nm with the increase of molarities from 0.5-2 M .
From the optical studies it is found the film thickness increased with molarities
increase, while the transmittance decreased from approximately 75% to
approximately 54% and the energy gap for the NiO films varies from ( 3.65 to 3.1eV)
as the molarities increase.

In the present study ,nanoparticles cadmium telluride (cdte) on si p-type substrates
heterojunction solar cell has been made by using pulse laser ablation PLA.Qswitching,
Nd: YAG laser (500mj,9ns),wavelength 532nm with number of pluses(60
and 120)pulse using of the bulk materials target in methanol solution. Optical,
structure characterization of Nanoparticles suspensions studies by using UV-Vis
spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM).The photovoltaic characteristics included short circuit current and open circuit
voltage (ISC –VOC), where the maximum (Jsc) and(voc)obtained were 25.3 mAcm-2 and
144.9mv respectively. The fill factor(ff) was( 0.42) and the conversion
efficiency(1.5% ).

In this study we report the effect of laser energy on the size and morphology of the gold
nanoparticles (GNPs) prepared in deionized water by pulsed laser ablation. The optimum
conditions at which gold nanoparticles obtained with controllable average size have been
reported as these parameters affected the size, distribution and absorbance spectrum .
Effect of energy was studied. The laser energy was divided into three regions (low,
middle and high). A noteworthy change was observed at each region, as the average size
ranging from 30 nm at low energy to 60 nm at high energy

Fertilization need increased the concentration of Ca+ for egg activation. Inositol 1,4,5-
trisphosphate (IP3), the second messenger of phospholipase Cγ, regulates the initial
calcium rise from egg’s endoplasmic reticulum. However, FAK (focal adhesion kinase)
is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which is known to create docking sites for signaling
molecules that contain SH2 domains, including PLC. PLC participates in other
signaling pathways besides fertilization and the role FAK may play in fertilization has
not been determined. The goal of these experiments is to determine is the FAK is the link
between Src and PLC, as well as, confirming or not confirming if Src directly or
indirectly activates PLC

In this paper, a new, fast and efficient selective block matching algorithm based on
block discriminator values is suggested. The searching scheme consists of three
stages: block discriminator values calculations, open full window then cascaded
selection sub stages have been applied where each sub stage uses distinct block
discriminator value to select sub set of candidate search points and finally perform
block distortion measurement calculation to the latest candidate search points to find
the best match. The famous Exhaustive Search (ES) and Three-Step Search (TSS)
algorithms are used to compare with proposed algorithm. The experimental test
shows that the proposed searching method results in compare with TSS algorithm,
produce results little slower in term of search time but better in term of distortion
measurement when the size of search area is [-6,6]. Results in compare with ES show
that the proposed searching method produces results near the ES in term of distortion
measurement but faster than it in term of search time when the size of search area is [-
7,7].

The types of web attack continue to appear and add their impacts on web application
security, SQL injection, and XSS is one type of these attack, that causes extremely high
risk for web application through stolen critical information or broken web
authentication.
The aim of this paper is to design and implement software as a service for securing
web applications from attack which cover two directions, the first direction: propose
modern black-box web application vulnerability scanners that diminish the false
positive and false negative drawback of the current black-box web application
vulnerability scanner, The second proposed subsystem cloud platform as a service web
application firewall hosting web application which scan all http requests to deny or
accept it according to dummy execution result.
The numbers of vulnerable web applications are selected to evaluate the capability of
the proposed system in detect attack and protect vulnerably web application also
efficiency has evaluated through measure the server performance when WAF (Web
Application Firewall) was disabled and enabled on vulnerably web application and
comparison made between these two cases. According to analyzing of the experimental
result shows that the proposed system can effectively and efficiently protect web
application and discover SQL injection, and XSS vulnerabilities