iklil for Humanity Studies

The search address is (Refutation of the possibility of wanting the other meaning A study of a set of opposite words in the Holy Qur’an)
The research is concerned with studying a set of words that linguists have identified as opposites, and the Holy Qur’an used them in one of the two opposite meanings. This research will seek to focus on a number of issues, including:
Does the Holy Qur'an deal with the opposites in the same way that the Arabic language does, in the sense that the user does not want them in the case of speaking except for one meaning?
How true is it that the existence of the word in the Qur’anic context, which has two contradictory meanings, has expanded the meaning of the sentence?
Was the main motivation for linguists to create this style of composition the worry that the listener's thoughts would divert from the intended meaning?
We will try to answer these questions during the research, God willing, as we present a set of words that the linguists have identified as opposites, and were used by the Holy Qur’an in one of the two opposite meanings.

The current research aims to know semiotics and its educational applications, which is one of the ancient sciences in its experiences, but it is modern in its conventions and the diversity of its fields, as the ancients were interested in this science for more than two thousand years, and researchers were divided in the emergence of this science, some of them called for the Arab origin of it , and others were victorious for the Western upbringing; As for those who were victorious about the Arab origin, they linked its origin to the studies that began with Al-Farabi, Al-Hatami, Ibn Sina, Al-Buni, Ibn Khaldun, Al-Ghazali, Al-Jarjani, Al-Qirjani, ...... and others. The roots of semiotics go back to Plato when he affirmed that things have a fixed essence, and that the word is a tool for connection, and thus it is between the word and its meaning, i.e. From the foregoing, it can be said that the study of the signs system in the Arab heritage is as old as the linguistic lesson, but the semiotic ideas and reflections that arrived remained within the framework of subjective experience, and were not embodied within the framework of objective scientific experiment, in the light of The foregoing divides my current research into three sections: The first topic: the concept of semiotics and its origins, and the second topic: I dealt with the pedagogy of the semiotic approach and its contemporary trends, and in the third topic: the educational applications of the semiotic curriculum.

Modern and contemporary literary criticism is the son of Western philosophies, whose ideas are represented, and whose visions are reflected in its texts in truth, feasibility, and origin. The research was conducted following the framework that contained this criticism; He went over myth, skepticism, modernity, its central structure, its Western logos, postmodernity, and its deconstructive fluidity to suggest taking into account our Eastern and Islamic contexts in pursuing critical truth, and adhering to the non-multiple right to a cultural reading of what falls under the philosophical umbrella of critical approaches.

In this research, we tried to stand at some critical opinions by Taha Hussein, which confronted his opinion that pre-Islamic poetry did not portray the pre-Islamic economic situation in its true form, and also that pre-Islamic poetry did not mention the sea and others. Their positions are based on religious, historical, linguistic and scientific foundations. The Arab Critical Library influenced the sound opinions and valuable views, and had a great impact in refuting Taha Hussein's proposal, and in consolidating the Arab cultural conviction in this great legacy
The approach followed: the explanatory once to find out the details of Taha Hussein’s opinion, and the analytical once again to evaluate some opinions and enrich them with some ideas

The term of the poem or structure in the poetic column is expressed on the development and growth of the work union and its growth in the work of the work and takes different seminars to proof of the existence of internal unity in the indigenous text for the purpose of identifying its characteristics and professional characteristics. And their effects in the formation of the Arab poem after they knew the definitive poem with a specific building with the ignorant poets and organized gels.

This research came under the title: The Concept of Beauty in Islamic Thought. The researcher talked about beauty in terms of its broad meaning and importance, as well as its definitions in terms of language and terminology.
Through the concept of beauty in the Holy Qur’an, the research included talking about the beauty of the Holy Qur’an, human beauty, animals, plants and gardens, money and children, and the beauty of dress as well, as well as talking about beauty in terms of the Prophetic Sunnah.
The researcher also touched on the view of Muslim scholars and thinkers of beauty, and the types of beauty from an Islamic perspective.
Through this narration of the concept of beauty, the researcher concluded that beauty in Islam is broader than its concept in the West.
The researcher used the descriptive analytical method for its suitability with the title of the research and its methodological steps.

In general, the trips are of great importance because they provide a variety of information, as the traveler writes it down and documents it in his books, as it is one of the important sources for social, political and economic events, as well as travel books provide a variety of information that cannot be dispensed with for all historians and researchers, as it includes documented information and if it were not for the travel books, we would not have known On many aspects of social life in different countries, truth and fiction are mixed in some travel books.

is considered one of the poets of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) who chronicled various aspects of the biography of the greatest Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) through their poems. ), where he was singled out for this feature without other poets, and Hassan bin Thabit is considered the founder of Islamic historical poetry.
The research included several aspects, where the research touched on the name of Hassan bin Thabit, his lineage, his birth, his nickname, and his family, in addition to his life before and after Islam, his status, and the characteristics of his poetry, as well as his description of cowardice, and his participation in the hadith of Al-Afk, until his death.

Prophecy is one of the important pillars to which the Moors' eyes have been diagnosed in their daily lives and future. Many prophecies have spread among them concerning their vision of their fate on the island of Iberia, which they derived from their Islamic heritage as a result of the tragic events that afflicted them, as a result of the painful tragedy they suffered after the Spaniards renounced their vows with the last Kings of Andalusia and arbitrary criminal activity. The notorious inquisition courts against which they have engaged in the most heinous forms of torture, murder, seb, and exile. On the other hand, their brothers abandoned them and handed them over to the Christians as easy prey, despite their cries of distress, particularly for the escalating force of the Ottoman Empire, which did not respond to them, as well as the rest of the Islamic countries and left them facing their inevitable fate.

During the first century AH, a number of historical political events swept the Arab Islamic State that affected the political reality of the Hejaz region, the most prominent of which was the Umayyads receiving the authority of the Islamic Caliphate (40 AH - 132 AH / 660 AD - 749 AD), shifting the main center of gravity of the state administration to the city of Damascus in the Levant. that they took
As a capital for them, using tools of resourcefulness and money in fighting their opponents and overcoming them, its clearest form was manifested by the receipt of (Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan) (41 AH - 60 AH / 661 AD - 679 AD), the caliphate from Imam Hassan (d. 50 AH / 670 AD) and his breach of his covenants and promises to him, Not to bequeath the caliphate, which took place by making his son (Yazid) (60-64 AH/679AD-683AD) his heir, then to be the caliph after his death, which provoked the Hijazis.
Especially the children of the Companions and the Followers, who found in themselves the right to this position due to the lack of (Yazid) the special qualifications to be the Caliph of the Muslims. Bin Abi Talib, against the caliphate (Yazid), rejecting the logic of accepting it and accepting it, then the revolution of the people of Medina, which was affected by the revolution of Imam Hussein, followed by the revolution of the Zubayrs in Mecca, led by (Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr (d. 73 AH / 692 AD). ))

Some families in Islamic history were interested in maintaining a certain position in the state to the point of making the position hereditary, and being careful not to leave it from their sons, and among those families was the family of Bani al-Raddad, which occupied the position of the ruler of the Nilometer from the Abbasid era until the end of the era of the Mamluk state and even the rule of the Ottoman Empire over Egypt This scale has had an influential importance in people’s lives, as it works to measure the degree of water level in the Nile River, which has been known since ancient times in two serious cases, the first of which is its decrease to the point of thirst and death for humans, crops and animals due to lack of water. And the opposite of that situation is a state of frenzy and flood that kills, destroys and causes great damage. Therefore, setting the scale was of great importance in the Egyptian society to know the height of the Nile River, on the basis of which the necessary measures were taken, for security, safety and stability of life in Egypt, especially the economic aspect of it. Hence the idea of research related to the role of Bani al-Raddad in controlling this important position, as that family proved its worth. In this research, the lineage of the Bani al-Raddad family and their Arab origins, their knowledge of religious sciences, especially the noble hadith, the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and the issues related to this science of public life for man, as well as shedding light on the nature of the Nilometer and the most important standards that were built on the banks of the Nile were studied. Throughout the ages.

By studying Iran policy towards Turkey in the period 1960-1980 it becomes clear to the extent of congruence and difference in the policies of both countries .
The two countries were corroborating with each other only in the case of having a common interest. Shah was always trying not to include Turkey in his relationship with the western countries. This step was made for the purpose of achieving his goals to make Iran the most important and strongest country in the Middle East Region. Iran evaluated its relations with Turkey on the basis of what sounds good for the sake of the country’s national interest. However، the same thing applies to Turkey. For example، the anxiety appeared at the beginning of the 1960 Coup d'état، then calmness dominated، then tension rose after the 1971 Coup d'état. After a while، the clash emerged after the start of the Islamic revolution in Iran. What proves this idea is the severe clash between the secular ideology in Turkey and the Shia revolution regime in the Iranian Islamic republic. However، despite the establishment of an Iranian Islamic regime and the end of the ideological rapprochement، the relations between the two countries did not deteriorate to reach the point of perpetrating hostile acts. Iran managed to keep taking a neutral role and resisting slipping into complex political issues.

Since 1917, Sun Yat-sen formed the military government in the south to take it as a basis for restoring the country's unity and implementing the 1912 constitution. However, this government ran into internal obstacles represented by the domination of military factions and parties, especially the military party in the south represented by the Kwangsi League, as well as its weak economic resources, which led to repercussions Several politics prompted Sun Yat-sen to withdraw from Canton and then resort to the use of military force to defeat his opponents and restore his authority in Kwangtung and take it again as a base for the reunification of the country

The Egyptian women’s struggle represented in the field of political and social equality in the second decade of the early twentieth century
Munira Thabet was the first openly voice to demand that Egyptian women be given the right to exercise constitutional rights and duties as a voter. She was influenced by Saad Zaghloul and filled her head with his political ideas and the feminist and social renaissance. He registered her name as a journalist working in the first civil union and called her the dean of Egyptian women journalists. Her steps were always forward in the journalistic work, and she was able to compete with the great journalists of her time. She was famous among Egypt's ministers in the first half of the twentieth century as the "long-tongued" fighter.

This research presents the study of the conditions and factors that contributed to the growth and crystallization of the concept of war in Western ecclesiastical thought during the Middle Ages, and sheds light on the political and economic dimensions that accompanied the development of this concept in Western Europe, which were reflected in the policy of the Catholic Church inside and outside the European continent and its relations with various powers .
Through this study, it became clear to us that the factors that contributed to the growth and development of the concept of war in Western ecclesiastical thought lie in the theoretical judgments of Saint Augustine regarding the justice and legality of war, heroic epics and the militarism of the Germanic peoples, as well as the historical developments in which the European West was the stage, which It led to the militarization of society in that period, and based on that, it can be said that the emergence and crystallization of the concept of holy war was an ideological development that was unique to the Latin West as a result of a set of historical circumstances and factors that are related to the reality of European society and its needs during the Middle Ages, and that this development is not devoid of political dimensions. and economics that were linked to the interests of the Western Church and the clergy in that period, and had a clear impact on the development of this concept.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the educational complexes in historical thinking for literary fifth-graders and to achieve from the research goal the two researchers put the following hypothesis:
● There are no statistical differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of students of the experimental group studying history in educational complexes and the average scores of students of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way in the historical thinking test.
The General Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din / Department of Education in Dujail was chosen، and in a simple random way it was chosen (Blessed Preparatory Preparation for Boys) to apply the research، and by random selection، Division (A) was chosen as the experimental group that will study the subject in educational complexes and its number (28) students and chose Division (B) To represent the control group that will study a course in the usual way، it reached (28) students and included the vocabulary of the first three chapters of the book History of Modern and Contemporary America and America for the academic year 2018/2019، and to measure historical thinking، the researchers prepared a test of thinking after confirming the charity and stability، which was applied in At the end of the experiment، the result was statistically treated using T-test for two independent samples.
The result showed the search
The experimental group students studying history subject in educational complexes outperformed the control group students who studied the same subject in the usual way in the historical thinking test.
In light of the research results، the researchers recommended the following:
1- Emphasizing the use of educational complexes in teaching history subject to its importance in developing historical thinking.
2- Opening development courses to train teaching staff on the use of educational complexes in social subjects، especially history.
3- The inclusion of educational complexes within the vocabulary of curricula، teaching methods، educational colleges، and teacher and teacher training programs، and the necessity of not passing through them while teaching them passing through، indicating a lack of interest in them.
4- The General Directorate of Curricula at the Ministry of Education designed a part of the curriculum for a date in a manner that helps in the application of educational complexes.

The current research aims to find out:
The difficulties that history teachers face in the preparatory stage when applying active learning strategies in teaching.
To achieve this، the researcher followed the descriptive approach، where she prepared a tool represented by: (a questionnaire to know the difficulties of applying active learning strategies)، and after verifying the validity and reliability of the tool، it was applied to the sample of (100) teachers and teachers، who were chosen by the stratified random method at a rate of (2، 6%) of each of the Directorates of Education / Rusafa (first، second، and third) and appropriate statistical analyzes were carried out، as the results of the research showed that the difficulties of applying active learning strategies from the point of view of the research sample was a percentage (very high difficulties)، and in light of that The researcher recommended the following:
1. The necessity for the Ministry of Education to provide workshops and laboratories or at least classrooms that are appropriate in terms of space and the availability of educational means available in the schools affiliated to the Directorate of Public Education in Baghdad / Rusafa (first، second، third) and to allow sufficient time in the academic schedule to ensure their use of active learning strategies .
2. The necessity for the Baghdad Education Directorates / Al-Rusafa (first، second، third) to provide periodic training courses for history teachers and teachers to educate them about the benefits of using active learning strategies، especially in the process of teaching history.
3. Preparing a guide by the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad / Al-Rusafa (first، second، third) for the use of active learning strategies by teachers of history to help them use it in the teaching process.

The current research aimed to identify:1- The level of role con flict in the current research sample . 2- The level of social responsibility of the current research sample . 3- Correlation between the research variables. The current research is defined by : Female employees of the College of Education for Human Sciences/ University of Basrah , for the academic year 2020- 2021, and to achieve the objectives of the research , the researcher adopted two tools to measure the research variables , namely (Khudaer , 2009 Role Conflict Scale) and (Al-Hudhali , 2019 Social Responsibility Scale) . In order to verify the validity of the two scales to measure the variables of the current research, the researcher performed the psychometric properties on the items of the two scales of validity and reliability. After the necessary procedure, the two scales were ready in their final form , which was applied to the research sample .
The resesarch concluded that there is a negative inverse correlation between the role conflict and social responsibility among the current research sample of working women, where the decrease and diversity of the role conflict plyed by the working woman led to an increase in her sense of responsibility towards herself and her family and thus towards social responsibility as a whole .

The aim of the current research is to measure both self-efficacy and cognitive dissonance among prep students and to reveal the relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive dissonance. The main research sample consisted of (140) male and female students who were selected in a random, stratified, equal way from the sixth intermediate class, for the academic year (2019-2020), distributed among (6) preparatory schools (3) among them for males and (3) for females (70) students, And (70) students. To achieve the goals of the research, two research tools were built, the first to measure self-efficacy, and the second to measure cognitive dissonance, and apparent honesty and self-truth were extracted. The sincerity of the construction of the two tools has also been found by calculating the discriminatory power of the paragraph and the relationship of the paragraph to the total degree. The data were statistically treated using the simple correlation coefficient, the (t) test for one sample and two independent samples, and the (t) test for the correlation coefficient indication, and the results showed that the level of self-efficacy among the sample members in general is small, While the level of cognitive dissonance among the individuals of the sample is generally high as the results showed a negative negative relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive dissonance, this means that the lower the self-efficacy, the cognitive dissonance increases and in light of the research results a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals have been developed.

The current research aims to know the effectiveness of the program based on phonemic awareness of reading comprehension and interactive writing for the fourth graders of primary school. The researcher herself studied the research sample، and the researcher prepared two tests، the first with reading comprehension and the second with interactive writing، and after applying the two tests to the research sample and analyzing the results statistically، it became clear that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post test. ?

This research aims to identify the statistically significant differences in the non-regular attempts of students in the preparatory stage. The control group) in the pre and post tests on the scale of suicide attempts. And the third hypothesis, there are no statistically significant differences between the grades of degrees (the experimental group and the control group in the post test) on the scale of suicide attempts. The design he designed was chosen to be two hundred (experimental - control). The research sample consisted of (300) students of the Scientific& literary fifth.(20) students were chosen who got the highest scores when they answered on the scale of suicide attempts prepared by the researchers and extracted for him the psychometric properties represented by (honesty and stability) and researchers divided them into the two groups by (10) students in each of them in a simple random way and conducted parity between the two groups, using Appropriate statistical methods for processing his research data , Via the statistical package program (Spss). and reached the important results that the sample members have suicide attempts in the field of perceptions and a few suicidal desire with an arithmetic mean (46.46) less than the hypothetical mean of the scale (54) and a standard deviation (21.75), and the calculated T-value amounted to (-6.007 -), And that the counseling program in the sense was effective in reducing suicide attempts among the members of the experimental sample, and in light of the results of the research, the researchers presented some important recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of the study is:
-1The number of exercises according to the strategy (hot chair).
-2Identify the impact of a strategy (hot chair) in the development of some basic skills in volleyball.
The research community represented the average of the average of 280 students divided into several people by the alphabetical letters (A-G). And the officer to search in the method of lottery as well, and the number of students in the division (45) pupils in a division and they were divided into two experimental and controlled groups by (15) pupils per group, and (5) pupils from division (D) were selected to represent The survey sample for the research, the total sample ratio from the community of origin (10,714%).
The conclusions were:
-1 The hot chair strategy has a positive impact on the development of some of the main volleyball skills of the experimental group in tribal and remote tests.
-2The use of the "hot chair" strategy has saved more time to be used to achieve the objectives of the lesson without embarrassment than the time that can be used to correct and repeat more.
-3The use of exercises for the strategy (hot chair) has added the factor of suspense and excitement in the lesson as the researcher focused on making the importance of one exercise appear through competition between students.
It recommends several recommendations, including:
-1Adopting the strategy (hot chair) used by the researcher for the positive results it showed in the results of the research.
-2 Diversification in the use of exercises and not relying on routine exercises that cast a shadow of boredom on students, which leads to not rushing to perform and develop abilities and skills.
-3 Take care to choose the strategy and the appropriate method for each educational unit in order to achieve the desired goal correctly and quickly.

Spelling errors are a phenomenon that leads to a lack of clarity of the idea, and a reason for reversing the meaning and significance of the word. By virtue of the researcher’s work in the field of education, he found that many students in fact suffer from the phenomenon of poor possession of correct writing skills, and their inability to write what they want to write in the natural situations through which they can express their thoughts and feelings. n order to identify this scourge and know its implications and causes, the researcher chose to identify it by taking the opinion of a group of educational teachers and selecting a number of their students by doing a test in an expressive topic and knowing the mistakes that most or more students make. The sample consisted of (83) teachers and their (332) students. The descriptive approach was chosen and a questionnaire was made on spelling errors consisting of (16) items. Its validity and reliability were confirmed by presenting it to a group of arbitrators from professors of curricula and teaching methods. The results indicated: that there are mistakes in most students, and to a large extent, that male students are more likely to make mistakes than female students, and there are no differences in mistakes according to the academic stage. In light of the results, some recommendations and suggestions were made.

Shabwa, the capital of Hadhramaut and its important commercial center, had its position in the world of commerce and a great place as a political and commercial center. Its historical depth extended to BC and retained its political place and importance in the world of trade according to the mentioned novels until the fourth century AD. Its importance came from the importance of Hadramawt, which was a major producer of frankincense , as well as its location on the land trade routes, which gave it a special identity in the world of trade at the time .