Journal Of Al-Imam University Collage

Research Method: The current study relied on )the descriptive analytical
method(, which is considered one of the most important and widely used
research methods due to its flexibility and comprehensiveness in analyzing
various phenomena. This allows for a deeper understanding of the subject
under study, enabling the researcher to accurately diagnose and study the
reality.
Data Collection Tools: The current study relied on the )survey( as the
primary source for collecting data and information related to the study
problem.
Study Sample: The current study targeted (individuals working) in a group
of private hospitals (Iraq Private Hospital, Al-Hadi Surgical Specialized
Private Hospital, Al-Tawfiq Private Hospital), as (240) questionnaires
were distributed to individuals working in the hospitals studied, and the
results were analyzed based on structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS
partial squares method).
The research concluded that achieving added value in the hospitals studied
is reflected in increasing Customer satisfaction regarding the quality of
services offered and patients accommodation in them, by focusing the
administrations of the hospitals studied on providing easy access to the
required information and how to provide smooth communication
mechanisms with patients. By creating a stimulating and supportive work environment that encourages innovation and appreciates the efforts made
to provide distinguished service.

The absence of judicial oversight, a fundamental pillar of the modern state, can lead to disorder, instability, and disruption of the social order. Ensuring social security necessitates the establishment of clear regulatory frameworks for oversight. Judicial oversight serves as a crucial mechanism employed by states to uphold judicial integrity and hold judges accountable for serious misconduct. However, this issue remains a subject of debate regarding its potential impact on judicial independence, which is essential to the rule of law. This study explores the concept of judicial oversight and its role in holding the state accountable for judicial actions while assessing its implications for judicial independence. It further examines the various forms, foundations, and justifications for judicial oversight and evaluates its influence on judicial autonomy. Additionally, the research identifies the similarities and differences in the application of accountability measures, extracting the fundamental principles governing judicial oversight in legislative frameworks. Furthermore, the study analyzes the impact of state responsibility on the judiciary by evaluating how state-imposed oversight affects judicial efficiency and independence while maintaining non-interference in judicial authority and impartiality. To strengthen the legal framework governing the relationship between state powers and judicial independence, the research proposes legislative and regulatory improvements. These recommendations aim to establish oversight mechanisms that align with international legal standards. Moreover, the study offers practical recommendations to reinforce judicial independence while ensuring that oversight mechanisms are implemented constructively. Ultimately, this research seeks to enhance the understanding of the relationship between judicial oversight and independence, thereby fortifying the judiciary’s role within the legal system and preserving the principle of separation of powers.

The research entitled (The Impact of the Theory of Time and Place on the Independence of the Judiciary in Islamic and Legal Jurisprudence) deals with the problem of the impact and repercussions of the theory of time and place on judicial rulings, as this theory is considered one of the basic concepts that explain the development of legal and jurisprudential systems in light of different social and political contexts, and affects the independence of the judiciary in terms of its ability to adapt to changes, which highlights the need to study the factors of its influence and repercussions. The factors of influence of this theory are represented by the change in social and political values, which requires the jurisprudential and positive judiciary to adapt to developments to ensure justice, and Islamic jurisprudence has addressed these challenges through the rules of ijtihad and deduction influenced by the theory of place and time. The interaction between jurisprudential and positive judiciary and the overlap between the two systems enhances the influence of temporal and spatial conditions in the formulation of judicial rulings. Technological development has led to the emergence of new jurisprudential and legal issues, which leads to the updating of some Sharia and legal rulings based on ijtihad. Between the fixed and the variable, we find balance in the two judiciaries. Islamic jurisprudence relies on the principles of Sharia as a fixed basis while opening the door to ijtihad with its various or diverse mechanisms; while we see that positive judiciary requires updating legal texts to ensure their compatibility with time and place, which may expose it to the influence of political, economic and social interests. On this basis, it was necessary to preserve the independence of the judiciary at all levels, and the results required the influence of the theory of time and place with the emergence of a balance between originality and modernity; at the level of Sharia jurisprudence, the spirit of Sharia was preserved while taking into account temporal and spatial conditions, and at the level of legal jurisprudence, it was necessary to adopt laws that take into account modern developments without compromising the principles of justice.

The research is exposed to a research problem that consists in the existence of exceptions to what Hadith scholars have based and originated from their rules and terminology.
This research was concerned with the statement that the rule or the modern convention does not have an absolute generality.
In this research, the researcher defined the research vocabulary, and then the researcher worked to collect some of the scattered issues excluded from the general rules and modern terminology. After that, the researcher proceeded to explain the reasons that called for this exception.
After the research, it turned out that these exceptions are not of a large size, but many of them are only a formal departure from the rules, not real, and some of them do not graduate on the rule from which they were excluded, but go out on another rule.

Egyptian society in the Fatimid and Ayyubid eras (358-648 AH / 969-1250 AD) included many diverse groups in their races and religions, and daily life in Egyptian society was evident in its forms indicating familiarity and living in peace, people sharing each other’s customs, traditions, beliefs, joys and sorrows, and the Fatimid caliphs’ sharing of their community’s customs and traditions, whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims. Dhimmis. The research shed light on peaceful coexistence in the Fatimid and Ayyubid era, including the religious customs and traditions of Muslims and Islamic occasions such as the celebration of the Hijri New Year, the Prophet’s birthday, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. The research also discussed the impact of peaceful coexistence on the social life of the people of the Dhimmah and the participation of Muslims with them in most of their occasions and holidays, such as Christmas and others, as well as the participation of the people of the Dhimmah in Muslim occasions.

The prayer of opening of the blessed supplications that include a lot of aspects of deep semantic at the level of intellectual, behavioral and philosophical as well as the ethical aspects and doctrinal contents, has come this prayer language sober coherent with the quality of casting selection of meanings and the choice of words and sweetness and appropriate exits with the semantic value of the meanings included in the context with a high preamble and print capable to result in all that semantic value followed by another aesthetic manifested purity elegantfully consistent to express the connotation of sound with each word and letter male In supplication, as the aesthetic and semantic purposes have been achieved in each section of this blessed supplication, each word has given the phonetic semantic meaning in an amazing accuracy.
This research has consisted of the entrance and two sections, the entrance shows the linguistic sounds and their implications when the applicants and latecomers as well as Westerners, then the first section included the qualities of distinctive and improved sounds, and the second section dealt with the commas of supplication and their phonetic significance in the meanings set for them.

This study summarizes the key issues related to the matters of belief contained in the Prophetic hadiths and how to benefit from them in explaining the correct Islamic creed. This is achieved through their proper and sound application. Therefore, I have structured my research into several sections: the introductory section, where I presented the text of the hadith and a brief biography of the companion Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him). The first section deals with matters related to the Throne, the second with matters related to the angels, the third addresses the opening of the gates of heaven, and the fourth focuses on the punishment and reward in the grave. The study concludes with a conclusion, followed by the sources and references.

The study aimed to determine the impact of using modern teaching strategies in enhancing historical inquiry skills, based on the descriptive and analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 389 secondary school teachers in schools in Baghdad, Iraq. The questionnaire was relied upon to collect data from the study sample, and a program was used. SPSS was used to analyze this data, and the study reached the following results: There is a significant effect of using modern teaching strategies in enhancing historical inquiry skills, and there are no significant differences between the average answers of the sample members regarding the effect of using modern teaching strategies in enhancing historical inquiry skills according to the experience variable. Accordingly, the study recommended the following: Conduct training courses for history teachers to increase their ability to use modern teaching strategies and increase their ability to determine the appropriate strategy for secondary school students to develop their historical inquiry skills, and conduct more studies related to the variables of the study with other variables and another stage of study.

Objective: This research aims to analyze and evaluate how Islamic law is applied in dealing with maritime crimes, and to compare these principles with modern international laws. The study seeks to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of Islamic law in confronting challenges related to maritime crimes such as piracy and smuggling. Method: The study used the comparative and legal analysis approach. The legal texts related to maritime crimes were analyzed and the basic principles of Islamic law were reviewed in this context. These principles were also compared to contemporary international laws and agreements that regulate maritime crimes. In addition, case studies and practical examples were reviewed to illustrate how these laws are applied in reality. Results: The study concluded that Islamic law contains an integrated set of principles and rules that can be effective in addressing maritime crimes. Islamic law provides a legal framework that is fair and flexible, enabling it to adapt to modern challenges. The comparison between Islamic law and international laws also showed that there are points of convergence and similarity that can contribute to strengthening international cooperation and improving maritime legislation.

The protection of human rights has become a law for the international community, i.e. the so-called principle of universality, as well as the issue of including these rights in the national constitutions of countries that gives them a great deal of attention and protection, and that global monitoring in the field of human rights includes binding international covenants that deal with all or most of human rights and freedoms The United Nations Charter comes at the forefront of these charters. The United Nations, through various international documents that it issued or issued under its auspices and within the framework of an undeniable role in respecting and promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms, because these rights and freedoms have become p an essential hope for the stability of international peace and security, and the goal of the United Nations.

The current study seeks to shed light on the extent of the impact of strategic alignment through its dimensions (communications, governance, partnership, infrastructure, skills) on organizational adaptation at Al-Imam Al-Aadam University College. In order to achieve the research objective, the descriptive analytical approach was used by distributing a questionnaire to a group of functional staff in the aforementioned college, and the size was (120) items, and a non-random sample of (45) items was selected.The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is the existence of a correlation and influence relationship between the dimensions of strategic alignment and the dimensions of organizational adaptation. Thus, the study represents an intellectual contribution in the field of specialization and a field contribution to activating organizational adaptation in the college under study.

Man is a social being who cannot perform his role in life in isolation from the group, nor can he be useful alone.Rather,he must mingle up and interact with other people, whether individuals or groups,which requires regulation the relationship that arise between the parties in order to achieve justice and equality betweenthemwithout any discriminationandif we imagine a society bas on discrimination,inequality,and injustice among its members, we would have noticed and realized the amount of suffering in the lack of forms of cooperation among its members.So ,how can a society or a cohesive entity exists when its members are treated unequally.
The advancement of countries is measured by their legal development. Every legal system rises above in the society when it achieves equality in adversaries , The principle of equality is of great importance when exercising civil procedures.Therefore,the need arose for us to organize the rules of the principle of equality to outline for us the procedures that the judiciary and adversaries must follow when using the right Resorting to the judiciary.

All praise is due to Allah, the Most Deserving of Praise, and may peace and blessings be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, as well as upon his family, companions, and followers.
One of the factors contributing to a narrator's weakness is confusion (ikhtilāṭ) that arises after a period of reliability and precision due to circumstances such as illness, calamity, senility, or the loss of books. Scholars have meticulously documented such cases, leaving little unknown except in rare instances. However, identifying narrators who have experienced confusion is a complex and challenging endeavor, requiring case-by-case analysis due to the variation in their conditions, classifications, and degrees of reliability. Consequently, no universal rule can encompass all cases of confused7 narrators, and their narrations must be assessed individually.
In light of this, I have structured the acceptance of narrations from confused narrators based on their respective ranks, drawing upon the categorizations established by scholars in the science of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (criticism and accreditation). I have classified them in a hierarchical manner, starting with those whose narrations are most deserving of acceptance, followed by those of lesser reliability. It is evident that a narrator merely suspected of confusion without clear evidence is not equivalent to one whose confusion is unanimously confirmed. Likewise, a narrator who exhibited minimal errors and lapses differs from one who suffered from severe confusion and frequent mistak.

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon his family and companions.

This research paper, titled The Corrective Factor of the Vision of Allah in the Hereafter Between Imams Ibn Kullāb and Al-Ashʿarī – A Comparative Study, explores the lives of the two esteemed scholars, Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿarī and Ibn Kullāb, their works, followers, and finally their passing—may Allah have mercy on them.
The study then delves into the definition of “vision” linguistically, terminologically, and in Islamic jurisprudence, as well as the concept of the “corrective factor” of this vision. It ultimately examines the theological debate concerning the vision of Allah on the Day of Judgment and the factors that validate this vision from a comparative perspective between the two scholars.
The research highlights a fundamental difference in their viewpoints: while al-Ashʿarī considers existence in general as the basis for the possibility of seeing Allah, Ibn Kullāb restricts this possibility to the self-existence of Allah alone.

The study sought to know the impact of green reverse logistics through digital sustainability as environmentally sustainable practices in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries in Baghdad, an analytical study by using the descriptive analytical approach to achieve this goal. The study community was represented by (850) working individuals, and a non-random (intentional) sample of (265) individuals was drawn from them to be the study sample, and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data. The study concluded that digital sustainability in the company under study is affected by green reverse logistics practices, since the nature of the company's work and the field of competition require it to move towards digitization, especially since its field of work is electronics and electrical appliances due to its direct impact on human life and the sustainability of his livelihood, and this impact is magnified through digital sustainability in its dimensions (environmental, economic, social), indicating that the increasing awareness of competing companies in the field of digitization and environmental conservation, through the trend towards implementing social responsibility, which has become the talk of the economic arena, as today most companies are accelerating in Its desire to compete, in light of environmental degradation and scarcity of resources, and the ability to manage this vital file that links integrated fields represented by (green reverse chain, digital sustainability), as basic pillars that integrate in the field of providing the best products and services that meet the modern customer, therefore the study focuses on how to understand the company's work through green reverse logistics in reverse and understand how digital sustainability, to enhance competition and employ it digitally in the field of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability, to enhance the company's position through sustainability applications enhanced by reverse green practices, and the results of the research showed a positive impact with moral significance between green reverse logistics practices and digital sustainability, and the researcher concluded that green reverse logistics practices have a clear impact on digital sustainability through the integration of operations, products, employment policies, treatments, and achieving well-being and environmental conservation from both sides.

Taking into account interests has an impact on jurisprudential rulings, including the penalty of exile in the case of adultery, over which jurists differed. Therefore, the title of the research, which was tagged with: Giving preference to the interest in the punishment of alienating the adulterer according to the jurists, which aims to present the opinions of the jurists, discuss them, and explain the most correct of them, taking into account the interest. The research included an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The introduction included the reasons and objectives of the research, previous studies in it, and the research plan. The first section included defining the terms of the title, And the sections of the interest and its conditions. and the second section included presenting the opinions of jurists on the punishment of banishment in the case of adultery, discussing them and stating the most correct ones, and the conclusion, which included the most important results of the research.

The study aimed to identify the criminal responsibilities that govern Iraqi media practices as estimated by Iraqi journalists, clarify the degree of commitment of Iraqi media to their responsibilities towards Iraqi society, and identify the overlaps that appear between criminal practices and social practices of Iraqi media, by using the descriptive analytical approach through applying a questionnaire of (24) statements distributed over four areas, by applying it to a random sample of (200) journalists. The study concluded that the respondents estimate the nature of the criminal responsibility that determines the work of Iraqi media to a high degree, and that the degree of commitment of Iraqi media to their responsibilities towards society is low according to the estimates of journalists.

Al-Hasan bin Al-Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Talib Al-Hashemi, the father of Abdullah bin Al-Hasan bin Al-Hasan, narrated from his father. His son Ibrahim bin Al-Hasan narrated from him, and he is known as Abu Muhammad. Two hadiths were narrated from Al-Hasan bin Al-Hasan bin Ali in the Seven Books. These two hadiths included several legal rulings, including that it is recommended to wash the hands before and after eating, even if the person is in a state of ritual purity. It is recommended to wash the hands after eating fatty food, i.e. food that contains fat or oil. This is supported by the fact that animals, such as rats, may bite a person’s fingers if they smell the smell of food on them during their sleep. The prohibition is proven by milk that has been mixed with other liquids, such as honey, medicine, and the like. The prohibition is also proven by milk collected in a vessel from several women if the infant drinks it during the breastfeeding age. So any milk that the infant drinks, whether from one woman or more, the prohibition is related to it, and it is not proven Prohibition due to breastfeeding except for five breastfeedings, information, satiating, and miscellaneous.

The Holy Quran is the holy and miraculous book of God for all people and in all times, and it is a sign of the signs of miracle for all masters of eloquence, rhetoric and thought, and they will not be able to come up with anything from it or encompass its meanings, secrets, sciences and wonders, including the opposite words, and from its explanation is the use of the words mother and motherhood and their meanings. This study is concerned with the words corresponding to mother and their meanings in the Holy Quran, so it dealt in this research: mother and motherhood linguistically and technically, the material of mother in the Holy Quran and its forms and synonyms and related words and Quranic models of mother, and the research stopped at the wonders of eloquence and its meanings in the precise use of the Arabic language and its sciences that combine here to discover the places of Quranic rhetoric. The sources and references that I relied on were diverse and their topics varied due to the nature of the subject, including language books and dictionaries such as Mu'jam al-'Ain by al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (d. 175 AH), Muqayyis al-Lughah by Ibn Faris (d. 395 AH), Al-Sahah by al-Jawhari (d. 398 AH), Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran by al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d. 502 AH), and books of interpretation and Quranic sciences, the most important of which are: Jami' al-Bayan by al-Tabari (d. 310 AH), Al-Nukat wa al-'Uyun by al-Mawardi (d. 450 AH), Ma'alim al-Tanzil by al-Baghawi (d. 516 AH), Al-Kashshaf by al-Zamakhshari (d. 538 AH), Al-Muharrir al-Wajeez by Ibn Atiyah (d. 542 AH), Mafatih al-Ghayb by al-Razi (d. 606 AH), and the indexed dictionary of Quranic words.

Corruption is a social phenomenon that can be monitored in all societies، regardless of their place، geographical location، or time period in which they live، and whatever their degree of economic، social، or cultural development، and any degree of its spread is unacceptable because it represents a blatant violation of the moral and social values of the individual and society and when this phenomenon is widespread in the body of the state and is controlled On its public and private institutions and affects its judicial، educational and service sectors. This leads to the fragility and stability of the system، deepens the class distinction between the groups and segments of society، fuels conflict and dismantles the social fabric. The mechanism for getting rid of it is the duty of the state to develop effective solutions and mechanisms to eliminate it and end its existence in order to push the wheel of economic development forward.

This research aimed to study the personality and the effectieness of its presence in shaping eents within the textual structures of the poetry of (Tawbah bin Mudarris) during the Pre-Islamic era. It seeks to reeal the nature of the personality and the methods of presenting it in his poetic texts, aiming to uncoer the effectieness of its presence in embodying the meaning. Additionally, this study aims to highlight the ability of the poetic text, through its speaker, to encompass these characters, which were shaped by seeral factors, including his experiences, the influence of social moties, and the enironment in defining the artistic dimensions of the poetic experience and demonstrating the ability to realize that experience.

This research looks at those situations that the Arab worked on in the past, in the answer to the supplicant and the one seeking help, through the poetic Arabic word, as we see him when someone seeks help from him, he rushes immediately to relieve him and reveal his anguish, and responds to the call of the distressed, and a woman who is close to the corner or near the corner sacrifices from losing her freedom Then, vehement cries erupted from the ends of its bowels, urging its men to come to its aid and rescue it from its predicament.
The life of the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era was, for the most part, a life of war, in which the struggle over products and pastures in the ranches, pedestrian areas, or deserts, and over the sources in the records, almost ceased.
Tribal fanaticism drove the members of each social unit to the hostility of other units and the hostility of its members. Enmity results in aggression, and aggression naturally results in corruption on earth, loss of life, and bloodshed, so it sows grudges within the souls, and the tense keep waiting for their circles, if they win them, or else they take their revenge from any individual who stumbled before them, whoever he was.It is not surprising that the flames of violence, murders, and retaliation flared up from the killers, and they got what they got from it, and it is also not surprising that many people found themselves in dire need for help and answering the supplicant and his relief, and it is not surprising that Arab poetry abounded in the pre-Islamic era, with talk about the answer to the supplicant and the one seeking help and venting to Added, exhausted, or distressed.

This manuscript, titled "A Treatise on the Virtue of the Qur'an and Its Recitation and Its Compatibility" by Sheikh Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdulrahman Suwaidan Al-Shafi'i (d. 1234 AH), contains several hadiths and commentaries, including hadiths that discuss the greatness of the Book of God and adherence to its commands and prohibitions. The Holy Qur'an is valid for its reciter on the Day of Resurrection, as well as other noble prophetic hadiths that are of great importance to religious thought. The research technique was adopted, dividing it into two sections: the first section is a study of the author, and the second section is the verified text, conclusion, and original source.

The number of narrators in the lesson reached eight. The study focused on those narrators over whom there was disagreement among scholars of hadith criticism and validation, and whose narrations were deemed acceptable. The study also mentioned those whose narrations were attributed to Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) and whose narrations were accepted and approved. The study did not find any narrators whose narrations were rejected.

The executive and legislative branches of the political system are interconnected through various cooperation and supervisory relationships, as defined by the principle of separation of powers as a fundamental aspect of democracy. The country's constitution delineates the nature of these connections by allocating distinct authorities among the governing bodies. Separation of powers is seen as a fundamental tenet of representative republics. It guarantees public rights and freedoms, and it also leads to the achievement of a legal state, because the competence of each authority to do a specific task is considered important to guarantee, preventing the arbitrariness of the ruling bodies and their violation of the law. The legislative authority is The function of legislation and the executive authority carries out the function of implementation.