iklil for Humanity Studies

The main focus of the research is on studying the term "anticipation" in the Quran, analyzing its various meanings and uses. The aim is to highlight the beauty and hidden aspects of this word, which can sometimes be elusive. The study shows that the Quran uses this term in different contexts, such as warning and threat, reproach, gathering news, and waiting. It also serves as a tool for spiritual and educational guidance, which enhances its impact on shaping the believer's character and behavior.

The research aims to study one of the evidences that some imams of Islamic sects rely on in the process of deducing legal rulings, which is what is called (silent consensus), which relies mainly on (the significance of silence) in demonstrating approval of an opinion or action, with the help of the fact that the nation does not agree on a mistake, and also that this nation is the best of nations, and therefore, if it sees an evil or a mistake, it must confront it with all force, otherwise it entails backing down and overruling the good.

Islamic jurisprudence, in various eras, was a manifestation of the nation’s care for this purified law, the law of justice, mercy, and reform. The doctrines that were based on its established principles and established rules were schools of consideration, research, deduction, and preference based on evidence derived from the Book of God Almighty and the Sunnah of His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace. upon him, peace be upon him, and the correct consensus, clear analogy, speculative evidence, or fundamental or jurisprudential rules based on them After God’s grace and facilitation, the topic was chosen: “Examples of Selected Issues from the Maliki Doctrine’s Agreement, a Comparative Jurisprudential Study

the science of interpretation obliged all who followed its way knowing all the sciences such as grammar, rhetoric, and they should have knowledge about the life of the Prophet (PBUH), etc.
In this research, we have followed an analytical, comparitive, interpretation methodology by extracting and comparing evidence and select the best scientist’s opinion.
We divided the research into three parts and each part contained sections and then the conclusion, which contained the most important findings, and followed by a list of margins and references that were our research resources.
The results of the research showed the following:
1. Sourat Al Waqiah,is Makkain, and it often investigate the subject of consolidation and exile of evil. In addition, the judgments are reduced in it.
2. The Prophet called it (Sourt Al Waqiah),this was said in his speech (Al-Hadeeth) and urged to read it to prevent poverty.
3. It was divided people into three categories: the formers, the believers and the unbelievers, and then showed their destiny.
4. The juristsdiffered in the judgment of Touching the Quran without a barrier for those who are without ablution. They divided those people into three sections, each of whom gave evidence.
5. It talked about some of Allah’sboons and the effects of His ability in the creation and creativity of planting, water and fire. This requires praising God and sanctifying Him for His immersive grace

This study dealt with the definition of Riba and the evidence of its prohibition on the one hand, and the definition of a good loan and its legitimacy on the other hand, up to the statement of the jurisprudence provisions related to contemporary usury loans, and the views of the imam and the rest of the other doctrines in its Shari'a ruling, as this research aims to provide the sayings of Islamic doctrines on the issue of usury loans and a statement of its jurisprudence, and limiting the practice of usury in the contemporary era, this study contained an introduction and two researchers divided into two demands, and in conclusion, the most important findings and recommendations that.

The science of Tafsir is considered one of the noblest sciences, as it involves studying the meanings of the Quranic verses, their expressions, and explaining their significance in each context within the Quran. It is a great honor to explore these meanings. Among these expressions is chastity Chastity . a concept that the Quran has emphasized since its revelation. It advocates for nurturing humans in a good way and protecting the human soul from anything that could distort or corrupt its purity and integrity.
The reason I chose the title of my research is due to what I found in the story of Prophet Yusuf (Peace be upon him)—his steadfastness in the face of temptation, the lessons of chastity, and his victory over desire. This serves as one of the greatest examples that many people seeking human perfection can emulate. Sexual desire is a powerful force that even some of history's great figures have succumbed to. Conquering it is the key to true greatness, especially when accompanied by the temptations and threats faced by Prophet Yusuf (Peace be upon him).
As for my research methodology, it included three main sections. The first section had two parts: the first part explored the meaning of chastity both linguistically and in terms of its definition, while the second part provided evidence of its legitimacy in the Quran and the Sunnah. The second section discussed the symbol of chastity and purity in Prophet Yusuf .The third section presented examples of his chastity. Finally, the conclusion summarized the most important results that were reached in this study.

Today, the world is facing a huge wave of homosexuality. Because of the deviation from human nature and the attempt of many media outlets to promote this dangerous deviation, homosexuality is considered one of the most dangerous types of abnormality due to the disintegration of the family, the interruption of offspring, and the diseases resulting from this deviant act.

Today, the world is rapidly moving towards digitizing all areas of contemporary human life. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important modern technological techniques with a comprehensive impact on various fields. It has become very similar to human intelligence and has proven its efficiency in various fields: (industry, trade, media, medicine, education, management...), and in its various types: (Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Intelligent Agent Systems, Expert Systems).
However, the use of artificial intelligence in Islamic sciences is still very small compared to the amazing development achieved by experts in artificial intelligence systems, which requires scholars and researchers in Quranic sciences to confront this technological challenge and benefit from it within a disciplined methodological framework, by developing applied projects and designing technical programs in the various fields of Islamic sciences, to achieve a balance between the past and the present, and to support the principle of openness of Islamic knowledge to various sciences and experiences.
The fear of the so-called control of artificial intelligence over the human mind is unjustified; because the basic problem lies in what lies behind the movement of these applications by humans themselves.

The study aims to analyze Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia through the perspective of Jacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction, specifically addressing the concept of logocentrism and the instability of meaning. It scrutinizes the fragmented realities of the postmodern world, complexity, ambiguity, and the interrelation of knowledge in the face of uncertainty. The play challenges conventional notions of historical continuity, knowledge production, and textual authority. Derridean concepts such as différance, trace, and the binary oppositions have been applied to uncover how Arcadia resists totalizing interpretations, and aligns with the poststructuralist rejection of absolute truth.

Speech production in many languages is greatly influenced by coarticulation, a physiological – phonetic process wherein nearby speech sounds affect one another. This research investigates the coarticulatory processes in two linguistically different languages in different varieties: Iraqi Arabic and British English. A key factor in determining the perceptual and physiological characteristics of spoken language is coarticulation, or the overlapping of articulatory gestures during speech production. This study investigates how coarticulation appears in both languages, specifically in relation to vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel interactions, using a combination of acoustic analysis and phonological theory.
Because their phonemic inventory differs, both languages display distinctive coarticulatory patterns. For example, Iraqi Arabic has emphatic consonants, whereas British English relies on vowel reduction and assimilation. The results show that although coarticulatory effects are present in both languages, their magnitude and type vary because Arabic and English have different phonological structures and articulatory contexts.

This paper uses a multipronged approach to investigate how language and prosody interact to project power conflict and dominance in political encounters. This is done via compiling pragmatics, (CDA) and prosody (Crystal and Quirk 1964). The paper attempts to reveal how phonological features as intonation and rhythm reinforce meanings during political exchanges. This is achieved by merging pragmatic theories (Culpeper’s 1996 impoliteness model) along with prosody to be then linked to Fairclough's (1995) framework for CDA. Six televised encounters from political debates were selected as the data of analysis. These data highlight intimidating exchanges where language use shows underlying power struggles and social hierarchies. The results indicate that prosodic features like exaggerated pitch or rhythm are frequently manipulated to emphasize rudeness strategies like insults and bald-on-record statements. The greater frequency of interruptions and higher pitch during direct confrontations are highlighted by quantitative analysis. The findings in this paper show that prosody and impoliteness can work together to project the discursive power struggle. The study also has another theoretical contribution by showing the possibility of integrating phonological analysis, pragmatics and CDA to offer a complete insight as to how language and prosody function in politically charged encounters.

In a world that often values safety, and vocal expression, it's easy to forget the power and importance of silence. Whether in personal relationships, professional. contexts, or even in oneself. The ability to remain silent can be a strategic tool with deep psychological implications. This study examines the psychology behind the power of silence and explores how embracing silence can lead to personal growth, effective communication, and better decision-making.
The article also highlights that silence can stem from either external or internal sources. The external process views silence as a reaction to the social environment, whereas the internal process sees it as a personal decision. The study suggests that silence has a sociological aspect. When an individual remains silent and conveys a message, such as displaying resistance or a feeling of alienation, they are not only sharing their own perspective but also representing the views of others.

The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the power of true love and emphasize its importance in achieving peace in life. To accomplish this task, dramatic analysis of characters was used, which basically analyzes this work as a narrative manifestation of the author’s personality, emotions, thoughts, and aspirations. Based on this analysis, this play can be explained and depicted as displaying the conflicts between the Montagues and the Capulets through the actions of certain characters throughout this play. This has also proven to be useful in emphasizing the power of romantic love. This research also aims to prove that neither Romeo nor Juliet can be held responsible for the tragedy as separate individuals. The somewhat unusual bond they share affects each other’s characters and pushes them towards disaster. Ultimately, this play can evoke similar feelings of love and hate. Romeo and Juliet are no longer alive, but their sacrifices helped unite their families. Shakespeare’s play, written and published centuries ago, continues to captivate the new generation with its messages and details.

Язык военной сферы представляет собой особую область специальной лексики, обладающую рядом семантических особенностей. Военные термины и выражения играют важную роль в коммуникации среди военнослужащих, а также в официальных документах и средствах массовой информации. Понимание семантики данной лексики имеет большое значение для эффективного профессионального взаимодействия и адекватного восприятия военной тематики при переводе на арабский

The research aims to study the morphometric characteristics of Wadi Shaqlouf and extract the water network of the basin from the digital elevation model (DEM) using the program (ArcGis10.8). It was concluded that the area of the basin reached (15.16) km2. The morphological characteristics showed the tendency of the valley to elongate and move away from the circular shape, while the characteristics of its ruggedness showed the presence of a percentage of ruggedness in some of its characteristics. The reason for this is the increase in the difference in elevation and the small area of the basin. The characteristics of the water network showed that the Shaqlouf basin consists of (4) river levels, and their numbers reached (134) channels with lengths of (55.12) km. It showed that the basin is among the basins with low water discharge, and thus the activity of the erosion factor is low and the topographic fabric is rough as the leakage rate increases and the volume of surface runoff decreases. The study recommended exploiting the water of the basin and preventing its waste in sea water

Due the population growth and the multiple uses of water, the demand for water is increasing the thing that causes a continuous pressure on water resulting in a necessary investing in new water resources. The problem of the research paper and its identification vividly and meticulously is considered an important step towards analyzing and finding out those who made use of water service in the urban districts centers in Erbil province. Besides the causes and fundamentals that are fully behind the distribution picture and if there is a variation in water distribution service for the urban districts centers in the province. It also aims at finding if there are proposed visions via which water services levels could be improved in the study site. The study aims at finding out the role that water service functions in the liveliness of the urban centers through analyzing its actual stance, revealing and formatting the given details, competence, identifying its problems a and its role in developing the economic and social life, analyzing its actual stance with its components, revealing its coverage ratio, its competence for the human activities and its weakness points and problems that it undergoes in accordance with the human development and construction from one hand and its natural properties from the other since the water service is a basic pillar for the social and economic development in Erbil province. The most important conclusions are that there is a variety of water resources in the urban districts centers of Erbil province included the two main resources the first is the ground water and the second is the surface water augmented by project of (Ifraz) the first, the second and the third located at the Great Zab river close to Khabbat area and most of the urban districts centers depend on the artesian wells found in the area and they are potable waters.

The research included a study of the reality of secondary education services in the center of Khanaqin District, one of the districts of Diyala Governorate, for the academic year( 2024 - 2025) and the process of evaluating their efficiency through a number of efficiency indicators according to the internationally and locally approved planning standards, represented by education (intermediate, preparatory and secondary), The research relied on official government data , where the population characteristics and population growth were identified, and then the importance of educational services was addressed, and the secondary education stage was identified, and the geographical distribution of secondary schools in the center of Khanaqin District, and the geographical distribution of teachers and classes, and measuring the level of efficiency of secondary education services in the district center, and knowing the density index through a set of followed standards and studying them in detail, and knowing the student's share of the school, teacher, class and school area, and finally reaching conclusions and recommendations .

Spatial modeling is one of the fundamental and prominent tools in the field of geography, as it plays a pivotal role in analyzing spatial data and understanding the knowledge associated with different environments. The concept of spatial modeling has evolved over the years, and it has become necessary for researchers and planners in the field of geography to integrate it in new ways that adopt theoretical foundations and modern applications. This research requires an extensive study of spatial modeling, as it reviews the foundations on which this field is built, in addition to its theoretical and practical applications.
To achieve the objectives of this research, the researchers aim to explore the challenges of data quality and accessibility, as collecting accurate spatial data is an essential step in the modeling process, as the lack or unavailability of accurate information plays a major role in limiting the effectiveness of the models. In addition, the complexities associated with building accurate models that reflect geographic and demographic realities will be analyzed, as this requires increased awareness of indicators and parameters that can affect the accuracy and reliability of models.
The interactions between different systems and how they affect spatial modeling will also be studied, as geographic phenomena cannot be viewed in isolation from each other, but must understand the relationships and interdependencies between them. This aspect highlights the importance of spatial modeling as a tool for comprehensive and in-depth analysis of environments and their interactions.
The research will also assess the ethical considerations associated with the use of spatial data, as concerns are growing about privacy and how to use this data responsibly.
The research provides recommendations on how to better integrate modeling results into urban planning policies. Urban planning requires strategies built on a solid foundation of data and applicable models, enhancing planners' ability to make informed decisions based on rigorous and comprehensive analysis.

This study comes as a the theoretical and cognitive contribution to the study of the phenomenon of war in its traditional and contemporary forms, as it a changing, and complex historical phenomenon according to and global indicators required by circumstances and interests.
The current study demonstrates the seriousness of the phenomenon, by first Studying it, tracing its concepts and temporal development and shedding light on its repercussions.
Social awareness of the dangers of militarization represented by the spread of weapons and the militarization of Socialization and the social, security and political crises it carries for members of society during the past periods

Smartphones are one of the most important technological achievements in the world of social communication and the most widespread and widely used in recent years. However, despite the positives that they add to the lives of individuals and their great role in meeting many of the needs of the individual in particular and the needs of society in general, their negatives are numerous and have created many social and moral problems. All levels.Therefore, this study came as an attempt to shed light on a set of objectives that reveal the level of excessive use of the smartphone among the students of Al-Hamdaniya University, and the extent of the impact that the excessive use of the smartphone has on social relationships among the students of Al-Hamdaniya University.This study reached many results, perhaps the most prominent of which is that: Al-Hamdaniya University students have excessive use of smart phones in general. Their excessive use has a negative impact on the type and quality of existing social relationships among university students. The study presented a set of recommendations to address this problem Within the university community, including:
1- The need to raise broad awareness among university students through publications and seminars on how to limit the use of smart phones.
2- Working to develop a culture of optimal use of smart phones through university curricula and student activities in order to enhance university students’ awareness of the social, health and scientific risks that excessive users are exposed to.
2- Working to develop a culture of optimal use of smart phones through university curricula and student activities in order to enhance university students’ awareness of the social, health and scientific risks that excessive users are exposed to.
3- Encouraging students to engage in student activities, sports, artistic events, and holding exhibitions that help reduce the student’s attachment to his smartphone.

The aim of the current research is to determine the relationship between sports social institutions and achieving development in the local community, by identifying the mechanisms that they apply and the extent of the contributions of these sports institutions to achieving development in the local community. The study followed the Comprehensive Community Survey approach as the basis for conducting a field study. The survey was conducted on employees of the Departments of social institutions for sports activities in Baghdad governorate. The sample included 183 randomly selected male and female participants working in social institutions for sports activities.Send the participants of the current studyelectronic questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using cronbach's Alpha, which gave a value of0.92 (Cronbach'salpha = 0.92). The data of the current study were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 program, using averages, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages and relative importance.
The results of the current research: the current study found that the overall performance of sports social institutions ( including clubs, sports forums, sports federations, and community sports teams) has achieved an average level of effectiveness in achieving local development. This implies a statistically significant relationship between social institutions and local development. Some sports initiatives have proven to have played an effective role in the development of the local community, but there is still a lot of room for improvement.The results also indicate that there are major challenges facing workers in this field that represent obstacles for sports institutions in the implementation of their sports programs. One of the most prominent of these challenges is the incompatibility of the vision of Social Responsibility programs with local development indicators, which indicates the need to improve the directions and strategies followed. There is also a lack of awareness among employees in the sports sector about the importance and role of sports social institutions in achieving development goals, reflecting an urgent need to provide training and resources to enhance their knowledge. Based on this, the study recommended the need for comprehensive changes in policies, programs and activities associated with sports social institutions. These changes are aimed at improving the effectiveness of these institutions in achieving their goals, which will enable them to better contribute to local development.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between the memory implementation and the field of attention among students in distinguished schools, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach and the research community is one of the distinguished students who numbered (1100) male and female students. The researcher withdrew a random sample in the random layer of (400) A male and female student of (240) students and (160) students, and the researcher built the examination test, as well as the field of attention field, and the researcher has been achieved from the sincerity and steadfastness of the horses, and the results of the research showed the speed of the memory implementation of the distinguished students, as there is no difference in a time The memory implementation is due to the sex of students, as the results showed an increase in the field of field of attention among distinguished students, and that students are more capable in the field of attention than the students, as the results showed that there is a direct relationship between the memory implementation and the field of attention among distinguished students, and the researcher made some recommendations and proposals based on the results of the research

The aim of the current research is to examine the level of cognitive positivity among students of the University of Iraq. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The study population consisted of students from the University of Iraq, with a total of 15,011 students. A random sample of 500 students, from both scientific and humanities disciplines, was selected using stratified random sampling. The researcher developed a scale to measure cognitive positivity, which in its final form consisted of 17 items in the form of declarative statements. The results indicated that university students exhibited a high level of cognitive positivity. Furthermore, the findings showed a significant difference in the level of cognitive positivity attributed to gender, with males showing higher scores. Additionally, the results revealed no significant difference in the level of cognitive positivity among students based on their field of study. The researcher provided a set of recommendations and suggestions based on the research findings.

The current research aims to reveal the scourge of drugs and their psychological and educational impact on educational institutions for the individual and society. The phenomenon of drug addiction among members of society, especially young people, has become a dangerous phenomenon because drug addiction aims to destroy the minds and bodies of young people at the same time, and to eliminate them. This is something that if it can plant its claws in the youth of society and its individuals in general, this society and its future will be lost. Therefore, the phenomenon of drug addiction has become one of the serious problems that occupy the minds of officials in all parts of the world. It is a group of plant, chemical or industrial drugs that are constantly listed by the World Health Organization and the local project to include them in tables that can be added, deleted or changed according to their harmful effects on the individual and society. To complete the research methodology, (100) male and female students were selected for the research sample using the random stratified method with a proportional distribution of university student In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Asmari, 2024), which consists of three components: (cognitive), (affective), and (behavioural), and its paragraphs consisted of (28) paragraphs in its final form.s . The psychometric properties of the scale were extracted in terms of apparent validity and indicators of construct validity. The results obtained from the rates of drug use are nothing but Reflecting the ongoing and accumulated crises that Iraqi society is experiencing, the result of which has been the disintegration of the social fabric. In recent years following the ISIS occupation of some provinces, Iraq has witnessed a large number of individuals of different ages turning to promoting and using new types of narcotics, not to mention the various problems that Iraqis have been exposed to, such as family disintegration, poverty, unemployment, and school dropout. These are most of the results that the researcher has reached, and among the suggestions is that the responsible authorities should pay great attention to what is happening within the walls of educational and pedagogical institutions

This article explores the role of women in documenting the Yazidi genocide through a philosophical lens. The research is divided into two main axes. The first axis examines genocide from a philosophical perspective, addressing key themes such as the concept of genocide, the philosophies of evil, injustice, law, and politics, and their relevance to understanding genocide. It also investigates genocidal rape and the philosophical dimensions of documentation. The second axis focuses on the role of women in documenting genocide, emphasizing their positions as both victims and witnesses. Together, these axes reflect the engagement of philosophy in analyzing this subject, either by posing critical philosophical questions or by integrating insights from other disciplines to construct a comprehensive philosophical framework. This research serves as a form of solidarity, aiming to achieve justice for victims, counter hate speech, and prevent the recurrence of such crimes, as forgetting past atrocities risks their repetition.

The aim of this research is to identify (the effect of the Nardo model in developing the parsing skills of students in the Arabic Language Department at the College of Basic Education).
The research population was (5) male and female students. The research sample was limited to (30) male and female students from the second stage of the Arabic Language Department for both groups (experimental and control). The researcher rewarded the students of the two research groups in the following variables:
(Students’ chronological ages, intelligence, pre-parsing skills test). After completing the experiment, the researcher applied the post-parsing skills test, consisting of (30) multiple-choice items, to the research sample, after verifying the apparent validity and construct validity, the discriminatory power of its items, the difficulty factor, the effectiveness of the incorrect alternatives, and its stability. The results of the research, after processing it statistically using (Spss program), showed the following:
1- The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the post-parsing skills test.
2- There is an effect of the Nardo model in the pre- and post-test in developing the parsing skills of the experimental group students.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher developed several recommendations and proposals.

The study aimed to identify the challenges of using educational technologies among geography teachers for the fifth literary grade. The descriptive approach was used، and the study sample consisted of (70) teachers، i.e. (71.4%) of the study community، which included (98) teachers. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher as a means of collecting data، consisting of (37) paragraphs divided into (5) axes (challenges related to educational technologies - challenges related to the educational material - challenges related to the school - challenges related to training - challenges related to the teacher). The (SPSS) program was used to process the study data، and the results showed the following:
Geography teachers face a high degree of challenges when teaching the subject using educational technologies. It was found that challenges related to the educational material come in first place، followed by challenges related to educational technologies، challenges related to training come in third place، challenges related to the school came in fourth place، while challenges related to the teacher came

The study aimed The degree of the practice of Islamic education teachers for information technology skills in the middle school from their point of view. The stuedy sampele consistd of (250) teachrs and school, distributed (120) teachers and (130) schools. They were selected using a comprehensive inventory method, and the questionnaire addressed to Islamic subject teachers was adopted. It consisted of (32) items distributed over three areas: (the Internet field, the computer field, and the multimedia field. The validity and reliability of the tool was verified.
After its implementation, the study concluded that the extent to which Islamic subject teachers possessed the skill of using information technology in teaching middle school students was moderate. The results of the study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) in the degree to which Islamic subject teachers possessed the skill of using technology. Information in teaching is attributed to the gender variable, and based on the results, the researcher recommended several recommendations and proposals.

The current research is to identify the correlation between mental motivation and academic achievement among fifth-grade literary students in history. The researcher used the mental motivation scale, which consists of (60) items within four main areas. The validity and reliability were verified by extracting their statistical characteristics, and the results were reached by appropriate statistical means. The research sample reached (351) male and female students, and the study reached the following results:
1-The research sample’s lack of mental motivation.
2-There is a weak correlation between mental motivation and academic achievement among the research sample.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the N.D.P.D strategy on the acquisition of Arabic grammar among second-year intermediate school students. To achieve the research goal, the researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control, known as the design of the two groups (experimental and control) with two pre- and post-tests, and after the researcher identified the research community. The research sample, consisting of (>60) female students, was randomly selected, with (30) female students in the experimental group and (30>) female students in the control group.

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of using the "CORTE" program in the academic achievement of female students in the preparatory stage in the subject of Islamic education. The study was applied to female students in the preparatory stage from Iraqi schools. The study sample consisted of 66 female students. In this study, the skills of the first section of the CORTE program were prepared through some lessons of the Islamic education curriculum for the preparatory stage and their stability and validity were verified. The "achievement" test was also designed in these lessons to measure the students' achievement in the Islamic education curriculum. In this study, the semi-experimental methodology was adopted by forming two groups, a control and an experimental group, in addition to applying the pre-test and post-test with both of them. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level ofa<0.05 between the average scores of the two study groups (control and experimental) in the post-test of “achievement” in the Islamic education curriculum in favor of the experimental group that was taught the “CORT” program.

Divan edebiyatının önde gelen ve yaygın olan türlerden biri naat-ı nebevî'dir. Şairler Haz. Peygambere karşı duydukları sevginin en güzel ve etkili surette duyurmaları için içtenlik taşıyan methiyelerle dolu kasideler yazmışlardır. Öte yandan şiirde ustalıklarını denemek estetik üsluplarını ileri seviyelere taşımak için de bu türde at koşturmuşlardır. Zaman içerisinde orijinal (model) şiirlere karşılık veren ve o modelin çizgilerini aşmayan şiirlerin de yazılması revac görmüştür. Bu tür şiirlere gah "nazire" gah "nakize" denmiştir. XIV. yüzyılın dev şairlerinden Fuzulî dinî eğilimini birkaç eserle kaleme almıştır. Bu eserlerin kimisi "Leyla vü Mecnun, Hadikatü's-Suadâ" gibi müstakil divan ve kitap halinde, kimisi de kaside ve gazel şeklinde olmuştur. Bu kasidelerin bir kısmı naat-ı nebevî türünde olup en güzeli ve en ünlüsü de Su Kasidesidir. Bu kasideye nazire olarak sonradan başka şairler tarafından kasideler yazılmıştır. Bu şairlerden Şerîfî, Dehrî ve Mecdî'nin yazdıkları kasidelerin hakkında yüksek lisan tezi veya bilimsel makale şeklinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda iki Kerküklü şairin yazdığı iki kaside üzerinde çalışılacaktır. Bu kasidelerin birisi Kerküklü Müftü mahlaslı, diğeri ise Kerküklü Vâfî mahlaslı şairlerin yazdığı ve Su Kasidesi adıyla adlandırdığı kasidelerdir. Çalışma mukayase olarak Fuzulî'nin Su Kasidesi karşısında Müftü ve Vâfî'nin Su Kasideleri, kaside düzeni, ahenk unsurları, söz varlığı, üslup ve edebi sanatlar bağlamında incelenecektir.

La discontinuidad es un recurso literario presente en muchas obras, empezando por la disrupción de las tres componentes esenciales del cuento: la linealidad del tiempo, la coherencia del espacio y la consistencia de los personajes. Esta fragmentación puede crear una experiencia de lectura desafiante para el lector. No obstante, podemos plantear diferentes estrategias para la interpretación de estos elementos y así, facilitar el ejercicio del lector.
En el cuento “Funes el memorioso” de Jorge Luis Borges, la discontinuidad se manifiesta de múltiples maneras. El lector puede compartir la experiencia vertiginosa de Funes, confrontando elementos como la disolución del tiempo, el espacio y la identidad. Para esto, nuestra propuesta inicia con la caracterización literaria de Borges, posteriormente, una pequeña reseña del cuento y sus elementos principales; así como, el análisis de los elementos en los que identificamos discontinuidad. Finalmente, se menciona la función metafórica presente en la narrativa y las estrategias que puede tener en cuenta el lector a la hora de abordar esta lectura.

En la adquisición de la lengua española no solo resultan importantes los elementos relacionados con la gramática, la cortesía que pertenece a los recursos pragmáticos, desempeña un papel esencial en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Pero, ¿cuándo se hace referencia a este término, cómo puede comprenderse? Se trata de un conjunto de normas sociales que pueden determinar el éxito de una interacción comunicativa. Así, en el contexto especifico de la adquisición de español como lengua extranjera (ELE), la cortesía aporta un espacio de aprendizaje significativo para el estudiante, en el cual la adquisición del español se preocupa por evitar el fracaso en la comunicación y por ende el choque cultural.
Al centrar esta propuesta en el contexto de enseñanza del español en Irak, la cortesía puede adquirir un papel protagónico, ya que en un país de no inmersión con la cultura de habla hispana, los malentendidos, los prejuicios sociales se pronuncian como un desafío importante en el aprendizaje. En ese sentido, el objetivo central de esta propuesta es abordar las características esenciales de la cortesía y fomentar estrategias para que el estudiante de ELE en Irak implemente esta práctica que determinará el buen uso del lenguaje. Del mismo modo, la propuesta se desarrolla a través de una encuentra practicada en este entorno, con el ánimo de identificar las necesidades frente a este tópico.

The study examines the role of organizational flexibility techniques in fostering the flow of knowledge within Iraqi national universities. It highlights the importance of building a balanced and flexible network of relationships across various organizational levels to create a transparent and cooperative work environment. The research emphasizes the necessity of enhancing collaboration and familiarity among individuals to address challenges, solve problems, and adapt to environmental changes effectively,By leveraging organizational flexibility, universities can promote the sharing and flow of knowledge, which is crucial for improving performance and achieving institutional goals. The study further stresses the significance of forming knowledge-driven work teams that maximize the use of knowledge resources, paving the way for innovative solutions and sustainable development.
Findings indicate a positive relationship between organizational flexibility techniques and knowledge flow, as flexibility enables institutions to adapt dynamically to shifting circumstances while fostering an environment conducive to knowledge exchange. This leads to improved decision-making, enhanced problem-solving capabilities, and strengthened organizational resilience.
In conclusion, the research demonstrates that applying organizational flexibility techniques can significantly enhance the flow of knowledge, which in turn contributes to organizational success. The findings advocate for adopting these techniques as part of the strategic management practices in Iraqi national universities to ensure continuous development and improved performance.

Los titulares en el ámbito del fútbol a menudo utilizan metáforas como una poderosa herramienta literaria en los medios deportivos, con el propósito de transmitir de manera más impactante, creativa y visual los acontecimientos del partido. Mediante estas metáforas, los periodistas tienen la capacidad de ilustrar circunstancias, sentimientos o atributos del deporte utilizando un lenguaje que potencia la comprensión de los lectores y les proporciona una perspectiva más clara de lo ocurrido en el terreno.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se realiza un análisis de contenido de los titulares futbolísticos publicadas en la prensa árabe. Se identificarán y clasificarán las metáforas utilizadas en el lenguaje futbolístico.

La enseñanza de la gramática de ELE (español como Lengua Extranjera) en el contexto iraquí adquiere relevancia al concebirse como una herramienta para fortalecer las habilidades comunicativas de los estudiantes puesto que permite comparar conocimientos previos adquiridos de la lengua materna con las variables de la lengua extranjera. Esto requiere dejar atrás las prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales para encaminarse a una enseñanza de la gramática en situaciones reales.
La pedagogía de ELE se fundamenta en teorías lingüísticas (generativismo y pragmatismo) y psicológicas (cognitivismo y constructivismo) que permiten al docente un criterio sólido para el quehacer practico en el aula, permitiendo la transición de metodologías obsoletas a enfoques de aprendizajes significativos en donde el discente cumple un papel de agente activo del aprendizaje.
Por su lado, la tecnología se presenta como una herramienta que sirve para dinamizar el aprendizaje rompiendo las brechas lingüísticas del hablante nativo en la adquisición de la lengua extranjera. Sin embargo, el papel de las comunicaciones se queda corto, sin un fundamento teórico y objetivo determinado, es allí donde cobra relevancia el enfoque comunicativo pues tanto la gramática como las tecnologías cumplen un papel instrumental para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de habilidades comunicativas.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the various types of deixis that can be discovered in Oscar Wilde's short story "The Happy Prince." Because it examines the different kinds of deixis present in this story, this study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology. It follows Levinson's (1983) categories of deixis: person, time, place, discourse, and social deixis. Reading the story, identifying the deixis, and categorizing the various kinds of deixis are the tasks involved in data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that Oscar Wilde's short story "The Happy Prince" has 434 deixis. The person deixis is used as the most frequent type of deixes in this short story, accounting for 283 (65.20%). The following deixis is social, which appears 71 times (16.35%).Temporal deixis occurs 34 (7.83%) times, while the discourse deixis appears 27 (6.17%). The last type of deixis is spatial deixis, which has a frequency of 19 (4.37%).