journal of Basic Sciences

The poetics of parallelism are interested in enriching the semantic structure of the poetic text; to highlight the aesthetic and expressive function on the one hand, and to influence and be influenced by the recipient on the other hand. Therefore, poets have been creative in their artistic poems that carry their honest thoughts and feelings based on the language of the text at its semantic and rhetorical levels, which give it an artistic and rhythmic effectiveness that translates their feelings and psychological emotions, including the phonetic structure of letters and words and their precise description, as the poetics of parallelism have an artistic characteristic that distinguishes the poetic text from other literary texts. The research sought to investigate the poetics of parallelism in the poem of Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hinli, which embodied the depth of his suffering and the severity of his pain over the loss of his sons, in his reliance on the musical tone and linguistic composition to build his text and give it aesthetics and connotations that serve the idea expressed

The research entitled (Psychological and Social Dimensions in the Poetry of Ali Nasser Al-Hussaini) deals with the issue of these dimensions in everything that can show the poet's personal and societal imprint, as the poet is the most capable of reflecting the manifestations of psychological dimensions through his expression in the field of emotions. The research also focused on addressing the vocabulary indicating these dimensions, both psychological and social, as there is a group of motives that form the psychological aspect of the poet, where starting from the data of the psychological aspect constitutes what allows for identifying the special mechanism in the poet's experience, which determines and describes it through the methods of poetic formation specific to his creativity. Hence, the research also focused on studying and analyzing what was available from the manifestations of these dimensions, both psychological and social, as our treatment of the social dimensions was based on everything that could clarify the poet's connection within his societal boundaries, as the poet is the most integrated and separated from his society at the same time, because he lives the concerns of the members of his society in himself before conveying them in his production and creativity. The research also aimed to show the aspects that indicate the poet’s embodiment of the nature of these dimensions, whether directly or indirectly, which at the same time gives a great aspect to identifying something of the specificity of the poetic experience that is unique to the poet.

The study aimed to assess the reality of educational services, evaluate their efficiency and adequacy, and determine their compliance with the Iraqi local standard for the academic year (2023–2024). This was achieved through various indicators, criteria, and a field study. The findings revealed that the study area lacks kindergarten and vocational education services. However, the results also indicated that most schools either met the Iraqi local standard or had a capacity exceeding the number of enrolled students. The number of students was found to be lower than the specified standard.
Nevertheless, a major issue identified was the prevalence of double-shift schooling, which significantly impacts the educational system. Analytical methods such as standard distance, nearest neighbor index, and service range efficiency were used to assess the geographic distribution of educational services. The findings showed that the distribution of primary schools was suboptimal, as they were concentrated in certain areas while sparse in others. In contrast, secondary schools had an ideal distribution, covering the entire study area effectively.

The current research aims to identify the effect of a proposed strategy based on 21st century skills in developing sustainable thinking among first-year middle school students in mathematics. The research sample consisted of first-year middle school students at Al-Risala Intermediate School for Girls. The researchers adopted the quasi-experimental approach. The experimental group was (32) students and the control group was (33) students who were randomly selected. To achieve the research goal, a sustainable thinking test consisting of (15) paragraphs was prepared and applied to the research sample. The data were then analyzed statistically. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the average scores of sustainable thinking in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results, the necessary recommendations and suggestions were presented.

Praise be to Allah who taught mankind and revealed His Book for guidance and clarification, and prayers and peace be upon the best of His Messengers and Prophets, Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and upon his family and good companions and those who followed in their footsteps and were guided by their guidance until the Day of Judgment. And after:
Surat Ar-Rahman was named the Bride of the Qur’an in the saying of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace): ((Everything has a bride, and the bride of the Qur’an is Ar-Rahman)) and every bride must have a garment that shows off her beauty, highlights it, and distinguishes it, so God Almighty chose the garment of repetition for this Surah, the bride, which adds a distinctive beauty to its beauty.

The purpose of the study was to determine how the peer teaching approach affected sixth-grade students' understanding of certain scientific concepts in the Science for All course. To accomplish this objective, null hypotheses were generated by the researchers. To evaluate scientific ideas, the researchers used an experimental design that included two experimental and control groups. The sample comprised 61 students who were split into two groups at random: 30 students in the experimental group studied Science for All using the peer teaching model, and 31 students in the control group studied the same topic using the standard approach The students in the two groups were compared for equivalency in the following variables: Chronological age, and IQ. The researchers created a final version of the test, consisting of thirty-five paragraphs, to gauge scientific concepts. The test's validity and reliability coefficient were determined by extracting the difficulty coefficient, the items' discriminating power, and the efficacy of the incorrect alternatives. The results demonstrated the following when the experiment was finished, the tool was used, and the data was extracted using the t-test for two independent samples:
The average scores of the post-application in the scientific concepts test for the experimental group's students who used the peer teaching strategy differed statistically significantly (at the level of 0.05) from those of the control group, which studied the same subject in a conventional manner.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of using blended learning from the perspective of intermediate school teachers in Karbala Governorate, and to reveal the most important challenges they face. We relied on the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (250) male and female teachers of intermediate school in Karbala Governorate. We used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data for the research, and a set of tests were used. The research results showed that the sample members agreed with the two areas of the reality of using blended learning and the challenges used, and there was a degree of agreement for each of them. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample members according to the gender variable (males, females). Among the research recommendations is to pay attention to blended learning in intermediate schools. We also suggested a number of future studies.

This research aims to study the most prominent environmental challenges facing water resources in Anbar governorate, which have hindered the optimal use of these resources. Despite the diversity of water sources in the province, ranging from surface to groundwater, they face several challenges. These include climatic challenges represented by the prevailing arid climate, which has contributed to increased water loss. In addition, there are human challenges that have had a greater impact on water resources, varying between demographic and hydrological changes. The latter is represented by upstream countries controlling water policy, which has led to a decrease in the annual revenues of the Euphrates River, reaching 6.57 billion m3. The absence of environmental awareness has had a clear impact in the study area, represented by the presence of many environmental violations that pollute surface water. These range from agricultural, sanitary, and industrial wastewater, which have affected the qualitative properties of the river water. The research also reviewed the procedures followed in applying the integrated management of water resources, based on its philosophy that emphasizes that the water crisis and its challenges are a crisis of management and misuse of water resources. The research also discussed the possibility of investing in non-renewable water sources to support the water supply in the province, such as water harvesting, groundwater investment, wastewater reuse, and the use of cloud seeding technology. It concluded with several recommendations that can contribute to supporting water management in the study area.

Research into the semantic aspect is one of the most important linguistic studies, as determining the meaning is not an easy matter. The semantic aspect in ancient Arabic dialects has occupied a large space in ancient and modern linguistic studies. Anyone who contemplates research into linguistic dictionaries will see that they contain a great wealth of dialectal differences in the meaning of words and their connotations. We may find two or more tribes using one word to denote several meanings, and some tribes may use two or more different words to denote the same meaning. Hence, this research aims to study what the orientalist Haim Rabin wrote about Arabic dialects regarding the semantic aspect, reviewing this study on what our ancient and modern scholars have mentioned in linguistic studies.

This study examined the role of Government schools with international standards in activating the school health programs in wasit city and to know the effect of (gender, qualifications, years of experience and type of school) on the role of school principals in activating the school health programs.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the analytical descriptive method and, therefore, the instrument of the study was developed and included the following five fields )safe healthy environment, medical services, health education and com- munity service, counseling and the psychological health, sport activities and school nutrition(.
In addition, the study did not show significant statistical differences at (α = 0.05) that can be attributed to (gender, qualifications and years of experience) whereas there were differences attributed to the variable of the type of school, for the benefit of mixed schools.

The Sunnah of the Prophet is the second source of Islamic legislation after the Holy Quran. It is valid for all times and places، and it contains multiple methods in all fields، by evaluating the behavior of individuals in the society in which they live، including the administrative work they practice in state institutions، by making the individual in his society an effective element who practices his administrative work with precision and mastery according to correct methodological steps. In this research، I wanted to show some practical aspects in applying the art of administration in the Prophetic Sunnah، both verbal and practical، in achieving this principle، and its impact on the progress of societies in all fields .
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Abstract Basra Governorate has witnessed a great development in charitable work, which is an integral part of its social and historical fabric. The Islamic religion has played a prominent role in encouraging charitable work, which has led to the establishment of many charitable institutions of a religious nature, which are a fundamental pillar in society. These institutions have played a prominent role in providing humanitarian and social assistance in the governorate, especially to the marginalized classes of society, as these institutions supported the poor and provided them with social services. The work of charitable institutions continued and the scope of their work expanded after 2003, after Basra Governorate witnessed major challenges that affected the work of charitable institutions. However, they still continue to provide their services and have played a major role in building diverse communities that provided support and care for the needy. The study addressed two topics, and the study targeted the historical development of charitable work and then the spatial distribution of charitable institutions. The study reached the following results: The history of charitable and voluntary work dates back to the ages of the saints in Basra Governorate. This is due to the social nature of the population, religious beliefs and social traditions, in addition to the fact that the locations of the institutions have an impact on social conditions, as they are located in neighborhoods with large numbers of poor families. Orphans and orphans, and thus the study reached the following recommendations: the necessity of documenting the charitable work of charitable institutions in Basra Governorate to preserve the city’s cultural heritage and the necessity of training and developing workers and raising their efficiency and supporting them materially and morally.

current research came to reach the knowledge of the favorite colors of kindergarten children and their relationship to the behavior of perseverance, so the researcher prepared a measure of perseverance behavior, which consists of 20 items, and in order to apply it to the research sample (children) the researcher chose (300) children from kindergarten children in Baghdad Governorate, then the researcher re-extracted the coefficients of honesty and stability of the scale, and after this procedure, the study data was entered within the statistical bag program (SPSS), and the results showed the following: - Red is the first favorite color of kindergarten children. Kindergarten children have a persistent behavior. There are statistical differences between kindergarten children males and females behavior perseverance in favor of males .

The poem “The Ruins” is considered one of the poetry produced by the Egyptian poet Ibrahim Naji. In it, he poured out his feelings and emotions towards his beloved, so the poetry appeared clearly and clearly in the text in order to express the story of Heb Ather, the poet with romantic stripes, and his new poetic doctrine - the Apollo School - in terms of form and content. It behooves us to stop at Al-Sha’ari’s masterpiece, as it is an important episode of a literary school that revolted against inherited poetic traditions, and from here came the researcher’s desire to study the text of the poem “Al-Atlal” in terms of the artistic values that he desired, to show what distinguished it from others in terms of poetic renewal. It must be noted that the poem can be studied and analyzed based on several critical approaches, but the researcher preferred the technical study. So that the reader gets to know the language of the innovative poet, the rhythm of his music, and the methods by which he built the poetic images that he broadcast in his text.

Islam prohibits any form of aggression against human life, whether by killing or causing harm, without distinction between male or female, or even between a non-Muslim and a Muslim. The Quranic texts have generally and explicitly forbidden such acts. Allah says: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly – We have given his heir authority, but let him not exceed limits in taking life. Indeed, he has been supported [by the law]." (Surah Al-Isra: 33).
Since Islamic law ensures a secure life for all of humanity, it does not differentiate between Muslims and the People of the Book when it comes to imposing diya (blood money) in cases of injury or wrongful death. This study explores the issue of diya for the People of the Book in Islamic jurisprudence, analyzing the differing opinions of scholars from the five major Islamic schools of thought regarding the valuation of diya for non-Muslims. There is considerable disagreement among them on this matter.
The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to gather relevant scholarly material and provide an in-depth understanding of the issue. The findings indicate that Hanbali, Shafi'i, and Hanafi scholars classify killing into three types: accidental killing (Qatl al-khata'), intentional killing (Qatl al-'amd), and quasi-intentional killing (Qatl shibh al-'amd). However, Imam Malik categorizes killing into only two types: intentional and accidental. He does not recognize quasi-intentional killing as a separate category, arguing that two opposites cannot coexist.
The Imami school (Ja'fari jurisprudence) divides killing into three types: intentional, accidental, and a subcategory of accidental killing known as quasi-intentional. They do not consider quasi-intentional killing as an independent category but rather as part of accidental killing. Furthermore, The Imamis agree that diya is obligatory in cases of human killing, whether the victim is a Muslim or a member of the People of the Book under a covenant (dhimmi or mu'ahid).

The current research aims to identify the real guide for intermediate sites from his point of view, and to reveal the reason for the poor and weak guidance of smart operations for that, and as a result, the new student does not find him, and his guidance and cooperation to contribute to his development and participation in comprehensive development. This requires helping the student to learn the labor market and professional development and the types of professions that suit his abilities and readiness.
The researcher aimed to test the following hypothesis: Are there statistically significant differences in the reality of career guidance according to gender? The researcher chose the descriptive approach in studying the variable as it is the most appropriate approach to study the phenomenon and describe it accurately. He also relied on career guidance literature in building the measurement tool. The result of the research was that the counselor does not have a prominent and important role in guiding students professionally towards their professional reality.

The current research aims to identify the degree of application of quality standards in integration schools in the center of Dohuk Governorate from the point of view of educational supervisors and school principals and the significance of the differences in this according to demographic variables (gender, years of service, differences according to the job variable). The researcher used the descriptive approach to achieve the goals The research population consisted of (305) male and female principals and (97) supervisors and supervisors of eastern and western education in the center of Dohuk Governorate. (69) male and female school principals and (50) male and female supervisors were selected randomly. A questionnaire composed of (100) items with alternatives was prepared. (Always, Sometimes, Rarely) distributed over eight areas. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified. To extract the research results, the following statistical methods were used: T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples (Independent Sample T.Test) to show Differences according to: gender variable Differences according to job variable: years of service
The study results indicate that the degree of implementation of quality assurance standards was high, according to the perspectives of school principals and supervisors. This conclusion is based on the differences between the sample mean and the hypothetical mean, confirming a significant level of application of these standards.
Regarding the variables of gender, job position, and years of service, the results showed no statistically significant differences, meaning that the perception of quality standards implementation did not vary based on these factors. In other words, opinions on the application of these standards were consistent regardless of gender, job role, or experience level
In light of the research results, a number of necessary conclusions, recommendations and proposals were reached for the relevant parties to the research topic.

The phenomenon of child labor and its form in Iraqi society represents a serious problem that threats the future of generations of Iraqis especially those who represent the basic building block for building the developmental future. The presence of these young children and minors themselves in the work environment at an early age makes them commit major mistakes that may lead some of them to engage in deviance due to the social reality . the low standard of living fored them to work in addition to dropping out of school and depriving them of the opportunity to learn without accountability or deterrent punishment for their parents.
Therefore we find that this phenomenon has major societal impacts that require decision makers to develop specific and precise policies, strategies , and treatments to confront the risks of this phenomenon in the future.

This research aims to investigate university teachers\' awareness of dyslexia. To achieve this aim, the following two questions will be answered: Are the EFL university teachers aware of dyslexia? How do teachers approach teaching and learning when dealing with reading difficulties caused by dyslexia? The Makgato et al. (2022) questionnaire has been adopted as a tool for gathering data. After administering the tool to the study sample (50 English language teachers at the University of Baghdad/ College of Education for Women, College of Education-Ibn Rushd-for Humanities), the results show that the university teachers have a general understanding of dyslexia, and their responses unfold their understanding of the definition of dyslexia, the causes behind dyslexia, their ability to apply such knowledge when dealing with dyslexic students, and the wrong information the teachers have about dyslexia. Furthermore, the teachers dealt highly with teaching and learning with reading difficulties brought about by dyslexia. Accordingly, recommendations and suggestions will be displayed.

The aim of this study is to investigate the selected idiomatic expressions used in the film script of The Banshees of Inisherin. Using a qualitative method of research, the study examines their pragmatic functions and contributions to the cohesion of the discourse. The study analyzed 11 idiomatic expressions using Searle's taxonomy of speech acts (1969) and Halliday and Hasan’s lexical cohesion theory (1976). The expressions fulfill 10 pragmatic functions within four of Searle’s speech act taxonomies: assertives (accusing, confessing, boasting, and reporting), expressives (complaining and lamenting), directives (asking, commanding, and urging), and commissives (refusing). The expressions contribute to textual cohesion through two types of lexical cohesion: reiteration (one near-synonym and four repetitions) and eight collocational ties. Remarkably, an idiom functions as both a near-synonymous and collocational tie at the same time, while another one serves as both a repetition and a collocational tie. The study suggests two directions for future research: first, analyzing the idiomatic expressions in the film script using alternative pragmatic tools. Second, exploring the role of artificial intelligence in identifying and analyzing such expressions and their functions.