Nasaq

The research seeks to study the foundations of Arabic poetry in ancient Arabic criticism, and to show the influence of the Qur’anic text in its manifestation in the form in which it was previously known, and its connections to the concepts that were prevalent in Western criticism, and were taken from them by modern Arabs, such as: poetics, literature, aesthetic characteristics of the text, and others. The research took care of what Arab critics and rhetoricians stopped at in terms of critical and rhetorical artistic issues, each according to his thought and vision, such as: the issue of word and meaning, rhetorical displacements, metaphor, and other topics of Arabic rhetoric and criticism, the last of which is what Abdul-Qaher Al-Jurjani reached in his reception of the Qur’anic text, and the research of its vocabulary, which aroused his taste for reception, and he began to search in the studies of his predecessors, which he discovered that they were studies related to one issue in the text - each according to his approach - and the truth that he reached is that what distinguishes the Qur’anic text is the employment of the specialized artist In a specific context for the word or sentence, meaning that the context has its own effectiveness that stimulates the taste of the recipient, and in it he senses the beauty of his expression, and what is intended by it in this place and not in another.

The current research aims to identify instructional dissent and academic entitlement, as well as identify the correlation between instructional dissent and academic entitlement among university students. The research sample consisted of (340) students from the College of Education for Humanities- University of Babylon were chosen randomly. To achieve the research aims, the researcher adopted the Marjorie (2012) scale for instructional dissent, which consisted of (17) items, and Abdul-Jabbar (2023) scale for academic entitlement, which consisted of (26) items. The research results that there are instructional dissent, there are academic entitlement, and there are a positive correlation between instructional dissent and academic entitlement. In light of the results, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The following research aims to identify the explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes and self- control in the middle school students, as well as identify the correlation between explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes and self- control. The sample is consisted of (382) students in government of Babylon city, in the course of study of (2023-2024). For achieving aims, the researcher adopted the explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes scale prepared by Michel et al. (2014), which consists of (20) items, and Almosawi (2014) scale for self- control, which consisted of (30) items. The research results that there are explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes, there are no self- control, and there are no positive correlation between explicit aggressive beliefs and attitudes and self- control. In light of the results, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, who created all things and perfected their measure. I bear witness that there is no god but God alone, without partner. This testimony I reserve for the questioning of Munkar and Nakir. I also testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, the best prophet and most truthful warner. May God's prayers and peace be upon him, his family, and all his companions. A reader of the books of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) will find that our esteemed scholars have paid attention to the most minute and minor rulings, all within the framework of blocking the means to evil. We find that they have elaborated on quantities, their types, and their details, because they share common practical legal rulings in the various branches of Islamic jurisprudence, which every Muslim must be aware of and learn their rulings. A quantity generally identifies something as counted, measured, or weighed. The opposite is true for a nullifying quantity, which is a corrupting quantity that renders an act of worship impermissible, its rulings and effects ineffective, and the person responsible for it is not absolved of responsibility. My research plan consisted of an introduction, two chapters, each with two sections, a conclusion including the most important findings, and a list of sources.

The aim of the current research to know the correlation between strategic intelligence and professional compatibility among middle school teachers, and the researcher used the strategic intelligence scale and consists of (42) items and the professional compatibility scale consists of (61) items and the honesty and stability was verified by extracting the statistical characteristics of them and the results were reached by appropriate statistical means, and the research sample reached (400) male and female students, and the study reached the following results :
1-The research sample possesses strategic intelligence at a level higher than the hypothetical average .
2-The research sample has professional compatibility and at a level higher than the hypothetical average.
3-The existence of a positive relationship of strategic intelligence and professional compatibility.

The theory of functional grammar is the result of combining traditional grammar, semantics, and textual linguistics. This theory arose in the middle of the last century at the hands of the pioneers of the Prague School, and the most prominent scientist contributing to its establishment was Maritini. The theory began to develop at the hands of the Dutchman Simon Dijk, who linked the theory of Phonological systems and phonetic analysis, which appeared at the hands of Martini, are based on rules such as: semantics, pragmatics, lexicography, and syntax. Then he applied it to several languages, the first of which was the Dutch language, and he concluded with Arabic. The theory soon reached the Arabic language after it was translated by many linguists, and Al-Mutawakkil considered it a process of completing traditional grammar, and he took great care of it. This theory is a process of completing traditional grammar, as it It begins where traditional grammar ended and connects it to meaning and context in a large way. Linguists have related it to four pillars: functional structure, morphological structure, semantic structure, and consistency structure.

Ishaq bin Jaafar bin Muhammad is one of the important figures in Islamic history، and he is the son of Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq، peace be upon him. Ishaq emerged as a great scientific figure، which was evident from the fact that his name descends from the family of knowledge and scholars and the best and most knowledgeable of creation، and they are the people of the House of Prophethood. Also، at a time when there were schools of knowledge under the leadership of Imam al-Sadiq، peace be upon him، there are many factors that put him in the position of scholars and jurists، as he inherited knowledge and jurisprudence from his father. He was known for his piety and honesty، which earned him the nickname “Isaac the Trustworthy.” Although he did not assume the Imamate، his scientific and jurisprudential contributions left a noticeable impact on Islamic thought، and his mother was Mrs. Hamida Al-Masfat Al-Barbaria، daughter of the one nicknamed Said Al-Barbari. Ishaq bin Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) married Mrs. Nafisa، daughter of Al-Hasan bin Zaid bin Al-Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon them) This research sheds light on his life، his role in spreading knowledge، his status among his contemporaries، as well as his influence on subsequent generations in Islamic history.

The research tackles the definition of speculation in language and terminology, and reference to the conditions of speculation, including those related to capital, work, and profit, and addressing the types of speculation, including restricted, individual, and joint, and also research into the work of speculation in Islamic banks and its types. .....including local, international, industrial, agricultural, savings and commercial investment banks, identifying the difficulties and obstacles facing Islamic financial institutions, clarifying the legitimacy of speculation and distributing profits between the two parties to the speculation.
One of the most important results is the interest in the concept of speculation and the development of the system for distributing profits away from usury and forbidden interest. Also, the most important recommendations are to fill the legislative deficiency related to the Iraqi Banking Law by addressing the work of speculation in Iraqi Islamic banks.

in every time and place, women were an important and influential element of society in general and human life in particular, and from ancient times to the present day. Important in the civilization of Mesopotamia in particular and the civilizations of the ancient world in general.
Religion in the life of the ancient Iraqis constituted an important and major aspect that affected the various joints of human life. The ancient Iraqi thinker worked to put convincing explanations about existence and creation, as well as the phenomena of nature that had a positive and negative impact on his life and death. He worshiped and sanctified her, offered her offerings and vows, and built lofty temples, as she was not isolated from the male deity, but on the contrary, one of them complemented the other, whether at the level of the process of multiplying the deities or at the level of power and participation as an influential element in the process of creation. The female deity was side by side with the deity. The male, and among the influential and important deities, for example, but not limited to, the mother deity, as well as the deities of creation and childbirth, and the deities of the underworld, which will be dealt with in the subject of the study.

In light of the widespread information revolution, universities are keen to introduce the field of learning technology into work situations, making it an important educational means in university studies and even the main source for science courses in various disciplines. With the advancement of many educational technologies, teaching methods and means must be improved in the field of education to overcome the difficulties facing the education process as much as possible, as computers are one of many systematic educational technologies.

The concept of artificial intelligence has brought about a major breakthrough in the field of education and learning, as the application and use of artificial intelligence in education is based on a set of principles of science and disciplines related to the educational process, the development of mental capabilities, the results of research that have been reached, and the ability to confront challenges faced by the educational system. Innovating advanced teaching and learning practices, accelerating progress towards achieving the goals of the educational system, and developing the educational process in general. UNESCO has stressed the importance of spreading artificial intelligence technologies in education with the aim of enhancing human capabilities for effective cooperation between humans and machines in life, learning and work. And strengthening its pioneering role in the field of artificial intelligence in education, as a global laboratory for ideas and setting standards. There was also consensus on benefiting from artificial intelligence in education in five areas: artificial intelligence for managing and delivering education, artificial intelligence to enable teaching and teachers, artificial intelligence to evaluate learning and teaching, Developing the values and skills necessary for life and work in the age of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence to provide lifelong learning opportunities for all. Artificial intelligence systems draw from multiple disciplines, learning and teaching sciences, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, sociology, and anthropology to promote the development of adaptive learning environments and others. Of AI tools that are flexible, inclusive, personal and engaging, Its main goal is to develop intelligent computer programs that can themselves make decisions on a specific topic.

This research addressed the conditions of Basra Brigade through Al-Tali'ah newspaper published in the city of Nasiriyah. The newspaper covered the news and issues of Basra Brigade in its pages، and shed light on some of the conditions of the brigade، whether in administrative or economic affairs or in other aspects highlighted by the newspaper during the period (1955-1957).
The research was titled (Basra Brigade in Al-Tali'ah Newspaper 1955-1959). Basra Brigade was one of the most prominent brigades in southern Iraq during the royal era، due to its special status in the hearts of Iraqis، in addition to its role in the Iraqi national economy thanks to its possession of oil wealth and its control over trade in Iraq.
The research addressed various administrative and economic aspects in Basra. For example، it addressed news of the ports in Basra، and the urban movement carried out by the Basra Brigade Governorate. Al-Tali'ah newspaper also addressed various other conditions such as: education، health، security، and others.

Poetry remains a glowing emotional force in souls and is capable of exploring the depths of the self and displaying its feelings and suffering.
Vagabondage as an idea that rejects injustice and control and searches for the self and represents that in daily sustenance sometimes or confronting authority in other conversations، did not leave the souls of these Islamic and Umayyad poets، and for it they were chased and inhabited the wilderness and befriended beasts and this appeared in the clearest image in their poems، as they depicted the incident of vagabondage and followed it with a comment that represented their feelings and pains after the exacerbation of the sense of rebellion and anger with the policies of economic and social division between the tribes adopted by the Umayyad state، and the conflict of the tribes as a result، so these images were clearly manifested in their poems with the overt and hidden suffering in their poems.

The Great Qur’an was distinguished by various features and characteristics, which gave it a miraculous character in its unique style and method of composing words and meanings.
It is a book that contains several rhetorical and miraculous methods and methods, and the method of repetition is considered one of the most important of these methods, which had a clear role in expressing the beauty of the Qur’anic text, as it is one of the rhetorical linguistic phenomena that characterizes the surahs of the Holy Qur’an, and the most prominent surah represents this miraculous linguistic phenomenon. It is Surah Al-Mursalat.
This Surah includes repetition of all kinds (repetition of the letter, word, and sentence), as the repetition is clearly done to help understand the meanings hidden within the repeated words. It also includes another repetition of a second type, which is the repetition of the verse “Woe to the deniers on that day” ten times.
For this reason, this brief research seeks to study the methods and types of repetition in this Surah and to explain its semantic function through the repetition of the same letter, word, or sentence in the Surah, and the meanings carried by this repeated verse that differ from the previous one every time it is repeated. Every verse has meanings, connotations, and directions. Different.

The idea of argumentation is that it is a rhetorical activity and an intellectual practice that the speaker relies on to influence the recipient in order to convince him or change his belief or behavior. The argumentative representation proves a claim and corrects a meaning based on rhetorical means and techniques, and considered one of these techniques adopted to influence and persuasion. Our paper research entitled (Representation and its argumentative dimensions in the Holy Qur’an - A study in form and function) shed light on the subject, because it considered one of mechanism of rhetorical argumentation in speech. The importance of the study lies in the fact that the paper is studying, on the one hand, the convening power of representation resulted from its material (the source from which the image of the argumentative representation is derived), because the convening power is derived from the practical life of the recipients, their living activities and their daily behavior, as well as from the abstract aspects of their life, represented by the cultural, ideological and symbolic field, and its structure on the other hand. Since the argumentative representation is an image, the convening power consists of two parts: one of them is expressed (explicit) or uttered by the speaker, the second not expressed (i.e. implicit) part is hidden. The last part motivates the recipient to search and discover it. The first explicit meaning comes from the representative formulation method, whereas the second implicit meaning results from explicit meaning. Creating it by the recipient, the representation has completed its components, filled its gaps, and performed its argumentative function. The source selected from the representation material increased the argumentative strength. The paper relied on the texts of Quran as they are the most truthful source that depicted and represented people’s life in their various sensory, cultural, doctrinal, and symbolic fields. For studying the research, the author has used the descriptive analytical method.

The Prophet's prayer, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his sermon were between apparent length and exaggerated shortening, described as moderation and balance, and he is the example and role model for Muslims in general, and for imams and preachers in particular, so it is not correct to rely on this hadith in punctuating the prayer and excessive speed in the sermon, as the prophetic guidance indicated moderation, and sometimes lengthening without boredom, and the reason for that was that he (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) had mercy on the young child and the old and sick man, so he shortened the prayer for their sake, so moderation in the sermon and prayer is from his guidance (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), that the length of a man's prayer, shortening his sermon is a hundred of his jurisprudence, so lengthen the prayer, and shorten the sermon; The meaning is that the prayer should be long in relation to the sermon, not so long that it would be difficult for the followers. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to command that worship be made easy, and that it be made difficult, and he used to give examples of this matter through his actions (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) so that every Muslim would follow his example.

The study of the stance of the Arab provinces on the decision to depose Sultan Abdulhamid II holds significant importance in understanding the major political transformations that the Ottoman Empire experienced in the early 20th century, as well as the impact of these transformations on the Arab regions. The significance of the research lies in highlighting how the decision to depose Sultan Abdulhamid II affected the relations between the center and the peripheries, in addition to providing a comprehensive view of the political and social interactions in the Arab provinces during that period. The research methodology relies on analyzing primary and secondary historical sources that shed light on the events and incidents related to the reign of Abdulhamid II and the political decisions associated with his deposition, as well as studying documents and political correspondence reflecting the stance of the Arab provinces. The research also addresses the political and social dimensions of the Arab provinces during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II and their interactions with the center of power in Istanbul.
The main problem addressed by the research is the variance in the stances of the Arab provinces regarding the decision to depose Sultan Abdulhamid II and how this decision affected the stability of conditions in these provinces.
The researcher has reached the following conclusions:
1. The Ottoman Empire suffered from weakness and backwardness, leading to its decline in the face of the advancement of major European powers.
2. Many figures called for reforming the conditions of the Sultanate, particularly after the defeats suffered by the Ottoman army on various fronts.
3. Ottoman reforms began to follow a Western pattern, which opened the door for intervention in its affairs and attempts to seize its spheres of influence first in Europe, and second in Asia and Africa.
4. The Eastern Question emerged due to European colonial competition over the possessions of the Ottoman Empire.

There is no doubt that a person is greatly influenced by the environment in which he lives, and that he himself has an impact on it. This influence results in a type of interaction that appears in the form of the life that a person lives, such as the diversity of crafts, the diversity of food and clothing... and other matters. For example, the path of the sun in the winter differs from its path in the summer, and then the change of seasons affects agricultural work. The agricultural calendar is a calendar that facilitates agricultural work and the seasons of the year. In order to indicate the impact of the calendar on the economic aspects of the Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula, this research will include Study their agricultural, pastoral, and commercial conditions.

Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God, and upon his family and all his companions. As for what follows:
In this research, I discussed the topic of forgiveness in retaliation and the Prophetic hadiths that contain this meaning, and how our Noble Messenger (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) called on the guardian of the murdered person to pardon the offender, or to agree to take the blood money as a pardon for him, and that is part of the mitigation that God has bestowed on this nation. Contrary to what was decreed upon those before the nation of Islam, and it is not a waste of the right of the oppressed; But it is for the purpose of closing the door of evil and restoring the bond and harmony that was broken at any given moment. He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) told that the guardians of the murdered person are obligated to abstain from punishment and retaliation if one person among them pardons, even if this person is a woman. If the guardian of the murdered person pardons and takes Then he assaults the perpetrator after that, so he will not be pardoned, and he will have a great torment in this world and the hereafter.

The first appearance of the signature in its use in digital documents in Islam was in the sixth year of the Prophet’s migration after the Battle of Hudaybiyyah, when the Messenger, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, wanted to write to the kings of neighboring countries and invite them to Islam, fulfilling the duty of conveying God’s messages to all people. The evidence for this is what was narrated on the authority of Anas that the Prophet of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, wanted to write to a group or people from the non-Arabs, and it was said to him: They do not accept a letter unless it has a seal on it, so the Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, took a seal

This research deals with the political liquidations that took place in Iraq during the period (1973-1979), as the time period from 1973 to 1979 is considered one of the most important political periods in the modern political history of Iraq, due to the political changes and fluctuations that accompanied the political events during that period that preceded the arrival of Saddam. Hussein came to power during that important period in the history of Iraq, which witnessed some coup attempts led by those affiliated with the Baathist political regime in Iraq, which resulted in political liquidations in which many people who were respected by the regime as opponents of it were killed. They were also liquidated Many political leaders who were dissatisfied with the regime’s policy, so they became victims of that opposition, after most of them were liquidated through various methods invented by the Baathist regime in Iraq. Saddam Hussein had an important role in the liquidation operations, which was reflected on other opposition forces and political parties that had It also had a share in the political liquidation operations, which was reflected in the exile liquidations.

The literary heritage represents a link between the Eastern and Western cultures, and this in itself deserves to be considered, and to clarify the mechanisms and technologies that constitute it through research and investigation, and to reveal the nature of the intellectual and civilizational cross-fertilization between the poets of the Arab East and the Arab Maghreb, and the breadth of the literary storehouse and cognitive knowledge, so the study entitled (Intertextuality Technology and its Significance in Building the Poetic Scene) came to monitor the roots of the textual relationship between the ancient and modern heritage, and the significance of artistic technology in enriching the poetic text.

The research monitors one of the most prominent linguistic phenomena that has been frequently repeated in linguists’ books، but it has not received as much study as other linguistic phenomena، even though it represents one of the prominent linguistic aspects، namely the phenomenon of grammatical escape.
After getting to know the phenomenon in Arabic and tracing the sources of its uses in the books of linguists، especially the writings of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi، we can conclude by defining the phenomenon of grammatical escape as: (A means that grammarians follow to escape from a style of speech in which there is a departure from the grammatical rule that they established، in order to return to it، taking into account correctness and not falling into error.

This research aims to illustrate the importance of inbound tourist spending and its impact on the economies of tourist-receiving countries, with a particular focus on its effect on the average per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Iraq during the period from 2004 to 2020. The study explores how this indicator has fluctuated due to various factors such as political and security instability, economic crises, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic that have harmed both the global and Iraqi economies. A descriptive analytical method was adopted to examine the reality of the relationship between tourist spending and the average individual income, revealing fluctuations in the results due to the specified influencing factors. The findings indicate that tourist spending has the potential to enhance the per capita GDP in Iraq; however, the resultant impacts vary greatly due to political and security disturbances. The stabilization of these factors is essential for achieving sustainable economic benefits from tourism. It is also crucial for the Iraqi government to focus on improving the tourism infrastructure and security in tourist areas, as well as implementing international promotional strategies to enhance Iraq's image as a tourist destination.

Shyness is one of the great human morals in the Islamic religion. Shyness is the soul's abandonment of the ugly for fear of blame. The origin of shyness is psychological, which God Almighty has placed in all souls. It represents a middle state between impudence, which is the audacity to do ugly things and not caring about them, and shyness, which is the soul's withdrawal from action at all. Shyness is one of the morals mentioned by God Almighty in His Holy Book, and references to it were repeated in many places in the Holy Quran, including: (chastity, modesty, morals, calmness, a low voice, and religious commitment). Due to the multiplicity of linguistic references, the research was divided into six axes, preceded by a definition of shyness in language and terminology, then the types of shyness, followed by a conclusion and a list of research sources and references.

The research problem revolves around the researched organization’s suffering from quality problems, as there are many problems in providing the best service to the beneficiaries, so it is required to search for means that help it achieve their satisfaction, and (ISO9001:2015) is one of the means that it can adopt to achieve quality, It includes many requirements that the organization must achieve, so the researcher decided to consider two items, namely (the organization’s context and operation) in achieving the quality system. The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is the biggest challenge that educational organizations face in implementing ISO 9001:2015, service privacy. Which imposes great challenges on senior management (time management, resistance to change, the need for trained personnel who lead the progress towards quality, the need for resources). Raise the level of the Quality Division in the General Directorate of Education to a department and have it managed by someone who holds higher degrees in the field of comprehensive quality management. Workers with specialization and experience in the field of quality are preferred, and the laws and legislation related to quality management are to be implemented.

The first task of the superlative noun is to prefer one thing over another in the origin of the common description. However, the superlative noun plays a large and prominent role in the diversity of meanings, because it was abstract and did not clarify what is preferred, and with reference to the disparity and differentiation that occurs with the minimum of participation, this expands the circle of meaning and makes the words simpler. There is evidence among grammarians that the superlative noun is valid. Its meaning, but this case did not indicate that. Rather, it proved something else, which is that if the poets wanted to use the preferred noun, then something changed and its original weight was stripped of it, so another name was given to us.

The guerrilla war is one of the most prominent political events in Bolivia, especially since it coincided with what was witnessed during that period of political and civil fluctuations, general dissatisfaction with the repressive government policies closely linked to the United States, these combined circumstances contributed to Bolivia being an ideal environment for the guerrilla movement, and according to Therefore, Che Guevara decided to wage a guerrilla war in Bolivia, believing that it is a region that can achieve aspirations by exporting the revolution to the rest of Latin America. The danger of the communists to maintain the balance of world powers on the one hand and protect its interests on the other hand, and thanks to the efforts and plans of the American policymakers, the American administration succeeded in establishing that theory in the Bolivian military, so they became the vigilant defense framework that undertakes the task of preserving the safety and security of the country and its response to communist intervention .

The current research aims to identify:
. Metacognitive thinking among university students.1-
. Academic internal motivation among university students.2-
3-The significance of differences in metacognitive thinking according to the gender variable (males/females).
4-The significance of the differences in metacognitive thinking according to the specialization variable (scientific / humanities).
5-The significance of the differences in academic internal motivation according to the gender variable (males/females)
6-The significance of the differences in academic internal motivation according to the specialization variable (scientific / humanities).
7-The correlation between thinking beyond knowledge and academic internal motivation among university students.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a measure of thinking beyond knowledge and built a measure of academic internal motivation and extracted their psychometric properties represented by validity and reliability. After verification, the results showed the following:
The sample members enjoy metacognitive thinking and internal academic motivation-
-There are no statistically significant differences between the two research variables according to the variables of gender (males/females) and specialization (scientific/humanities).
-There is a strong positive correlation between metacognitive thinking and academic internal motivation.
In light of the research results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and proposals.

E-commerce contracts are one of the most important decisions of modern technology. They are commercial transactions that take place on the internet. They are characterized by the absence of aplace and time for the slave and the difference in the nationality of the parties. They depend on electronic writing. The actions are proven to you by modern means of proof such as electronic signature, and are subject to the law of will.

Since getting its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has emerged as one of the countries in the Islamic world with the closest friendship to the Zionist entity. The relations between them have not been affected or influenced despite the deterioration of the relationship of Azerbaijan’s first ally (Turkey) with the Zionist entity. Also, the relations between Israel and Azerbaijan, which enjoys an important geographical and strategic location, in addition to its richness in energy materials, have on going.
As well as, the relations between Israel and Azerbaijan have also improved significantly over the past decades. The Zionist entity's interest in receiving reliable oil supplies from Azerbaijan as an important strategic supplier of oil constituted a major factor in strengthening relations. The Zionist entity is playing an important supplier of advanced weapons systems to Azerbaijan. In addition to defending about Azerbaijan in Washington, not only that, but also participated in the strategic cooperation included the fields of security, defense, and intelligence, especially since the location of Azerbaijan is important for the Zionist entity and its geographical proximity to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The study aims to know the response of middle school students in Basra Governorate, through their responses to the environment confidence index. This index is one of the important environmental indicators that aims to measure the extent to which a person is confident and comfortable when exploring new environments, in addition to knowing the extent to which a person feels With safety and comfort in environments where human activity and influence may be absent, and through analyzing the results of the scientific questionnaire distributed to (7325) male/female students, which included (46) boys’ schools, and (45) girls’ schools, they were selected by random stratified method and for the preparatory stage, A five-point Likert scale was used to extract the weight value for each of the tests, and based on the weight value, percentages were extracted for each item of the indicator. In light of this, the level of scientific awareness among the students was known through analysis.
The study concluded that middle school students in Basra Governorate have environmental awareness, which is based on environmental culture, which became clear through analyzing the data in the scientific questionnaire form, which showed the students’ response to the paragraphs of the questions posed to them.

The topic of health behavior has received the attention of specialists in health psychology due to its importance in the field of human development.
Research has been conducted on health behavior and its relationship to a number of variables. The aim of the current research is to know the relationship of health behavior to social intelligence. A sample of students from Al-Mustansiriya University in the two colleges of science and education was chosen. The number of students in science and education colleges was (200) male and female , selected by random stratified method, including (100) males and (100) females, they applied the Al-Samadi and Al-Samadi scale (2011) to measure health behavior, and the (Silver et al. 2001) scale to measure social intelligence. The validity and reliability of the two scales were confirmed, and the results concluded that the members of the research sample enjoyed an above-average level of health and average social intelligence. There is a positive significant relationship between healthy behavior and social intelligence, and there is no difference in the relationship of healthy behavior with social intelligence depending on the variables of academic specialization (scientific - humanities) and gender (males - females).

The increasing spread of the phenomenon of begging at the present time has become a worsening social problem. The current research aims to identify the reasons for the increase in the phenomenon of begging in the city of Baghdad from the point of view of university students. The researcher constructed a questionnaire consisting of (20) items for the purpose of measuring the reasons for the increase in the phenomenon of begging. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of (100) male and female students at the University of Baghdad. The results showed that the reasons for the increase in the phenomenon of begging in the city of Baghdad from the point of view of university students, which received the highest percentages, are as follows:
The prevalence of poverty in society (80%). Taking up begging as a profession among beggars (77%). Due to widespread unemployment in society (75%). Lack of job opportunities (74%). Then the rest of the reasons come in descending order.