AL-Mostansiriyah journal for arabic and international studies

Abstract:
Countries are still in a race and continuous development at several levels, including technological progress, i.e. the third revolution after the agricultural and industrial revolutions, as countries are interested in information technology for the purpose of benefiting from it in the fields of industry, agriculture, weapons and other fields. What concerns us is their progress in developing means of war and aggression against other countries, as this electronic progress and other advantages allow the aggressor countries. This progress has also become a burden at the level of international public law, as it poses challenges to conflicts used by these means based on electronic attacks or contemporary weapons.
The world is facing real crimes and attacks carried out by autonomous weapons, drones, and others. This technology is one of the challenges facing traditional international law, in addition to being one of the most urgent issues facing the international community from the threats arising from drone attacks that are increasing, as most countries currently rely specifically on drones, which makes countries vulnerable to such attacks due to the difficulty of repelling and detecting them before achieving their goals due to their small size, which raises the question ((Do countries affected by these types of attacks have the right to self-defense under traditional legal rules))?
Keywords: weapons, modern technology, traditional international law, drones

Abstract :
Contemporary civilization is a miraculous reality made possible by science, technology and human creativity. Artificial intelligence is the most important output of this civilization, which has become relied upon in scientific and practical life, as it is an inevitable and indispensable necessity.
Artificial intelligence has brought about a qualitative shift and imposed its control in all fields, even in the field of law in all its branches, including labor law, enjoying its positives and stifling it with its negatives, and many legal problems have emerged. The latter has radically changed the traditional legal and regulatory framework of work by blurring the boundaries that were clear between the worker's personal and professional life, which has sometimes led to their violation and to the creation of many risks at other times, especially when employers deal with electronic monitoring systems raised by this artificial intelligence. This has become an urgent call for the need for countries to accelerate the control of matters and set strict limits that employers must not exceed or ignore.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, improving performance, labor law, economic institution, electronic monitoring, right to privacy, right to protect personal data.

Abstract
The digital revolution led to the emergence of new knowledge tools,which contributed to the development of education in all its stage,and scientific research in all its branches, while its foundation was the great development in the field of communication and information technology, but despite that,the traditional means,including paper newspaper,continued to receive wide attention knowledge is a cumulative process in principle.
Key Words: Periodicals, Digitization, Paper,Electronic , Comparison.

Abstract
Legal security is one of the constitutional principles that aim to protect the rights of individuals from violation and the stability of rights and legal positions, but this principle - legal security - may be subject to violation in some cases, and among these violations is the modern technology that has become widespread in most countries, which is artificial intelligence technology, and the latter may lead to negative effects on legal security, especially since these technologies are unable to know or keep pace with the prevailing social norms or even the language of those addressed in the law, and all this happens in the absence of legal legislation that permits the use of artificial intelligence in most contemporary countries.
Keywords: Legal Security _ Modern Technology _ Artificial Intelligence

The world has witnessed an amazing development in the field of artificial intelligence, which has greatly affected various aspects of life, including international relations, as artificial intelligence has introduced new technologies in areas such as data collection and analysis, decision-making, and communication, which has changed the rules of the game in international relations, and has contributed to opening new horizons for international cooperation in areas such as scientific research, combating climate change, and cybersecurity. Artificial intelligence poses new challenges to national security, such as the development of autonomous weapons, interference in elections, and the spread of misleading information. Therefore, the rapid development of artificial intelligence requires the development of an international legal framework to regulate and ensure its responsible use.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, technology and terrorism, international relations

Abstract
The information revolution and the advanced technology it has produced have contributed to carrying man from his material world to what is called the digital age, and have made the demand for these sciences and keeping pace with their development the project that moves nations from one science to another more advanced one. Otherwise, refraining from keeping pace keeps man in the age of digital ignorance. Adopting such a project is not an intellectual luxury or useless science, but rather a scientific necessity required by the individual and the state at the same time. This science has made the machine imitate human thinking, so the computer has performed tasks similar to human thinking by making decisions and learning at a fixed, non-fluctuating advisory level, The digital age has reached record levels called artificial intelligence, but the human being who keeps pace with this technological development in the service of humanity and overcoming its obstacles, is not the only element that benefits from its positives. There are those who have taken this development as a means of bullying, exploitation, and employing digital capabilities to serve their personal whims and aggression towards others, as in the case of spying via iPhones or blowing up pagers. Between this digital violence and the advantages of artificial intelligence, legal challenges have been launched to confront this digital reality by keeping pace with its development first and then standing up to its threats later.
Keywords: Digital violence, artificial intelligence, legal liability, technology, legal challenge.

Abstract
The study addressed the impact of artificial intelligence on the judiciary and advocacy. The study aims to shed light on the nature of artificial intelligence and its features, the relationship between it and human intelligence and its impact on the law, the judge and the litigant in terms of clarifying the extent to which artificial intelligence can replace the human judge and clarifying the use of the lawyer robot. The researcher relied on the analytical and comparative approach. It became clear through the study that artificial intelligence represents one of the outcomes of the contemporary technological revolution that has received the attention of many researchers. Many applications based on human innovation and creativity have been created in legal fields, including the legal profession.
The study concluded that artificial intelligence is one of the creations of the human mind, as a result of the revolution in the scientific and technological field, which led to various applications in various fields, especially the legal ones, and thus an attempt to achieve what human intelligence failed to achieve.
The study recommended reviewing legal legislation to be compatible with artificial intelligence programs and enacting a special law on artificial intelligence, with computer experts and lawyers having a prominent role in drafting its texts, taking into account legal and ethical requirements and keeping pace with current legislation and developments in artificial intelligence technology, in addition to encouraging the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the fields of justice, to achieve the greatest degree of transparency and equality, and holding conferences and workshops on artificial intelligence in order to expand the scope of knowledge about it and equipping courts with modern technological means, so that electronic procedures can be carried out.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; human intelligence; smart judge; robot lawyer

Internet crimes are currently increasing rapidly and significantly because technology is growing very quickly, so investigating and proving cybercrimes has become a very important matter.
The Internet today is the fastest infrastructure in every human being's life, as it is capable of sending and receiving any form of data. Therefore, criminals have begun to use cyberspace to commit many cybercrimes, as the cyberstructure is exposed to a large degree of intrusion and threat, especially with the inability of security devices to protect... Cyberspace.
Also, cybercrime is no longer limited to the local scope, but rather is a global threat to any computer system in the world. Therefore, we need innovative methods such as applying artificial intelligence, which provides flexibility and the ability to learn for programs that will help specialists investigate and prove cybercrimes, By examining the progress achieved in the field of artificial intelligence to combat cybercrime, by following up on developments in these applications, through which threats to cyberspace can be eliminated.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, crime, cybercrime, crime control.

Smart digitization technologies have led to the creation of a virtual environment, which has made our contemporary world in front of, first: a new era known as the "era of liquid identities" resulting from the gathering of several identities and cultures via the Internet for different peoples and societies in the world. Second: We are facing a new ideology called "dispossession ideology" resulting from emptying the human being of his self-content, as it leads him to carry out behaviors in social networking sites different from the behaviors of society, carrying negative repercussions on the nature of human and social relations, starting from the scope of the family to the scope of society. Third: The emergence of crimes of a new type of non-traditional practiced within the scope of the Internet through digital means of communication, which are electronic crimes that targeted not only the individual, but also "institutions, society, the state, and the international environment." From here, the crime of electronic extortion practiced by some Internet pioneers for the purpose of achieving goals contrary to the controls, laws and moral rules will be identified. The crime of electronic extortion will be monitored and verified in the university environment due to its possession of the top of the pyramid (social, cultural) within the environments of the community.
Keywords: Digitization, Smart means, Social communication ,Cybercrime, Electronic extortion, University environment.

Abstract
Technological development has made a qualitative leap in all magazines and levels, including, specifically the means of warfare with the emergence of weapons with devastating effects, so they have become more sophisticated and accurate than they were before the developments taking place, and with scientific progress and the emergence of smart weapons, the danger to humanity has increased for its self-work, so it has become worrying than the means of combat previously, despite the danger of conventional weapons and the effects they cause, but the control of their launch is not subjective and this matter affects the principle of humanity because of its potential Violation of this principle and all principles of international humanitarian law.
Keywords: impact, technological development, means of warfare, the principle of humanity.

All parties are working together to innovate and implement basic steps and adaptation to reduce these risks by relying on data science and emerging and innovative technology, so that artificial intelligence appears as a promising solution that can contribute significantly to combating this challenge, as employing artificial intelligence in the field of climate change facilitates understanding and analyzing previous climate phenomena faster than traditional methods, and helps in predicting climate phenomena in the coming years. On the other hand, it is not a magic tool, but rather a helpful and influential factor in facing many climate challenges.
When images are taken using satellites, they show significant and accelerating climate change, he stressed that when artificial intelligence is used in these cases, it can interpret and analyze these images and give better and faster results , and thus it is possible to strive and work to mitigate their severity and search for solutions before it is too late. Experts also agree that the areas of use of artificial intelligence in climate change are numerous, such as hurricanes, global warming, carbon sequestration, hurricanes, floods, drought, wind movement, environmental pollution, the decline in green space on the Earth's surface, electromagnetic hurricanes in the Earth's atmosphere, and to improve energy consumption and reduce emissions in several sectors. Through the information provided and artificial intelligence algorithms, it is possible to identify the causes and thus avoid them, and they can also be predicted to avoid all these disasters, helps develop smart, environmentally friendly solutions and avoid traditional methods of energy production that have a significant impact on climate change, which in turn negatively affects the environment. Thus, it provides decision-makers with the necessary information to take the necessary steps to create and follow policies that limit climate change that negatively affects all aspects of life. Artificial intelligence is not just an advanced technology, but a tool that can save the planet from the danger of climate change. However, this is only an enhancer of the human element, which bears the responsibility of achieving a balance between technological progress and its social and economic impacts.
Keywords: Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change.

In today’s digital age, modern technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, creating new challenges that require innovative legal solutions. Cybersecurity is one of the most prominent of these challenges, as countries, institutions and individuals face increasing risks related to the protection of personal and corporate data. With the rapid developments in the fields of cloud computing, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, the question arises about how to achieve a balance between benefiting from these technologies and maintaining individual privacy and information security. Hence, the role of the law in regulating and framing this field by developing effective cybersecurity strategies and ensuring data protection in light of these technological transformations. Securing critical information infrastructure and essential elements of the information system is a major national challenge in the current situation, as national security requires a coherent cybersecurity framework to ensure the adoption of a comprehensive approach to dealing with the current and future security landscape, as the pace of transformations in the areas of national security, terrain, and economy is accelerating towards changing digital environments, in addition to the fact that state and non-state actors involved in cybercrimes have advanced electronic tools that cause unprecedented damage. Therefore, including cybersecurity within cyberspace strategies will enable the country to prepare to address these security threats, improve the handling of digital vulnerabilities, and enhance our ability to take countermeasures in cooperation with legitimate and non-state actors. This reinforces the need to develop a national cybersecurity policy and an effective Iraqi cybersecurity strategy in preparation for information security.
Keywords: Security, Cyber, Iraq, Legislation, Strategies, Technology

Studies and research related to cybersecurity and cybercrime are issues that occupy the attention of decision-makers and researchers in this field, due to its seriousness and impact on the sovereignty and security of the state. In this research, we will address Iraqi cybersecurity and the extent of its impact on Iraqi national security. The research covers three main axes. The first discusses the nature of human security and its indicators, as well as the concept of cybersecurity, its goals and types. In addition to Iraq's ranking in the global cybersecurity index. The second axis was devoted to studying the effects of cybersecurity on Iraqi national security in its various dimensions. As for the third axis, it deals with studying the available means and capabilities to reduce cyber attacks. The research problem was the impact of cybersecurity on Iraqi national security. As for the research hypothesis, cybersecurity has a great impact on national security in all its dimensions on Iraq and its sovereignty. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that cyber security plays an effective role in protecting the state's security and information, and thus its sovereignty. The most important proposals are represented in raising awareness of the importance of cyber security at the level of state institutions and benefiting from the experiences of countries that have a long history in this field. In addition to allocating sufficient resources to train specialized cadres.
Keywords: Security, Cyber, National Security, Crime, Electronic.

This study deals with the jurisdiction of the administrative judiciary and its protection of intellectual property rights according to the issued internal laws, due to the importance of this topic. The protection of these rights will not be correct, especially in light of the existence of a body and privileges given to it and allocated by the legislator to help it in exercising its duties, except in the presence of an effective specialized judiciary that plays a neutral role in resolving the dispute between thinkers, in order to obtain their rights and protect their mental and intellectual production and effective legal protection. The administrative judiciary plays an effective role in the field of intellectual property protection, through resolving disputes between opponents. Despite the role of this judiciary and its jurisdiction to resolve these disputes, Iraqi legislation did not give the administrative judiciary this role in considering these disputes to protect intellectual property rights, unlike Egyptian legislation, which turned to the administrative nature of these disputes and made the administrative judiciary its competent judge.
Keywords: Intellectual property, administrative judiciary, ordinary judiciary, administrative body.

Le droit moral était, et est encore, parmi les droits dont la nature a laissé perplexes seuls les juristes - ils ne lui ont trouvé de place qu'au début du XIXe siècle, d'autant plus qu'il fait partie des droits qui ont été récemment destiné à être étudié dans la division traditionnelle qui divise Les droits ont été divisés en droits personnels et droits réels, jusqu'à ce que la situation soit réglée en les décrivant comme un droit moral d'une nature particulière étroitement liée à la personnalité humaine, exprimant une nature purement personnelle. Il exprime son produit mental, qui exprime une partie indissociable de celui-ci. Sa personnalité n'est pas indissociable de son identité intellectuelle, mais elle s'intègre à cette personnalité et communique avec son identité et son esprit, comme un fils communique avec son père.
La jurisprudence, la jurisprudence et la législation comparée avaient à peine arrêté des dispositions concernant ce droit et la codification des droits voisins, jusqu'à ce qu'un nouveau type de droit émerge, à savoir le droit d'auteur dans le monde numérique, qui s'est répandu rapidement, comme une traînée de poudre, et continue de se propager. se développer et progresser, qui se poursuit. Elle est encore absente de notre jurisprudence judiciaire dans les pays arabes et du Moyen-Orient, malgré notre dépendance dans la plupart de nos activités quotidiennes sur les acquis du monde numérique.

Abstract :
Artificial intelligence systems constitute the latest developments in modern technology. Artificial intelligence has today become a tangible reality with many applications that mimic human intelligence. Several laws seek to give special attention to this issue and support it in the future, in order to enhance its strategic role in participating in building the knowledge and information economy.
The aim of this is to shed light on the legal challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence systems and the extent of the possibility of personalizing artificial intelligence, which qualifies it to acquire rights and bear obligations, in addition to bearing the responsibility that falls on it as it is a used means despite its ability to imitate humans, and it is not regulated by legislation.
Key Word: artificial intelligence, legal personality, information, responsibility.

Abstract:
The world is witnessing an accelerating digital transformation that is reshaping government systems and policies in various countries, including Iraq. Governments are seeking to adopt modern technologies to improve government performance and provide better services in a more efficient, accurate and transparent manner. Digital transformation has become a necessity to enhance the efficiency of government performance and achieve sustainable development. Adopting comprehensive and integrated digital policies contributes to achieving an effective government that supports economic growth, enhances trust between citizens and government institutions, and improves government services by reducing bureaucracy and speeding up procedures through electronic platforms, through tools to monitor performance and combat corruption by reducing human intervention and facilitating access to data. However, the Iraqi government faces major challenges, the most important of which is the lack of specialized competencies, especially since we are today in a world called ((AI, artificial intelligence), the absence of qualified cadres, and the high risks of cybersecurity. To achieve an effective and sustainable digital transformation, challenges must be addressed on the one hand and, on the other hand, improve Iraqi government performance and enhance economic and social development.
Keywords: Digital transformation, digitization, performance, challenges, corruption, security.

Abstract
Scientific research is the main pillar for the development of society, its progress and improvement of its standard of living, and its development leads to the development of the economic, political and social development of the country. With the technological development and the knowledge revolution that the world is experiencing in all fields, including the academic field and scientific research in particular, and the integration of education with technology and modern technology and the development of scientific research and studies for the ease of collecting information and data and publishing it, it has even become a reference for scientific research and supporting academic development, and this technological development has effects that may be negative and positive in writing scientific research, and this is what will be discussed in the research.
Keywords : Development, technological development, scientific research.

Abstract :
The past decade has witnessed a broad shift in the Gulf countries towards digital development through the launch of government and private initiatives and projects towards digital development and electronic transformation in completing transactions and artificial intelligence projects. In addition to the increasing public interest in digital transformation and technological knowledge and the increasing interest of governments in the Gulf countries in digital development and the development of communication and information technology sectors and harnessing remarkable material capabilities for digital and smart digital transformation paves the way for continuous technological development in the future.
Keywords: Arabian Gulf, Technology, Digital Future, Electronic Transformation

ABSTACT
Unrestricted warfare is characterized by its “ubiquitous battlefield” and the fact that people participating in it do not necessarily use military force, but instead use a combination of kinetic and non-kinetic force, as noted by the authors of the 1999 book Unrestricted Warfare , by Colonel Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, notes that in the years following the 1991 Gulf War, conventional military violence declined, Wars were associated with an increase in "political, economic and technological violence", which they argued could be more destructive than traditional war. This led to the creation of multiple types of wars and in a way that could achieve political gains.
(Cyberspace, espionage, stealing information, waging a war of ideas, economic wars, biological wars, drugs, etc.), which are among the types of wars used by developed countries against targeted countries.
Keywords unrestricted warfare, biological, cyber, artificial intelligence, economic warfare.

Summary
In our study, we examined this legal regulation of cybersecurity service providers through a comparative study to find out both the concept of cybersecurity as a technical security method at the present time and the concept of cybersecurity service providers and what the services are. We examined the legal regulatory mechanism for practicing this activity by natural or legal persons and what are the procedures followed in Who grants a license to those who wish to provide services, and then what are the obligations of service providers towards individual users, the legal liability, whether contractual or tortful, that results in the event of a breach of legal or contractual obligations, and the appropriate penalties that must be imposed.
Keywords: Regulation, Law, Cybersecurity.

Abstract :
International humanitarian law faces increasing challenges due to modern technological developments, particularly with the emergence of cyber attacks as a significant factor in armed conflicts. These attacks pose a serious threat to civilians and critical infrastructure, raising questions about how to adapt the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law to fit the new reality.
Cyber attacks hinder the ability to distinguish between military and civilian targets, complicating legal matters. Additionally, the issue of legal responsibility presents complex challenges, as it becomes difficult to determine the responsible party, whether it be states or non-state actors. In the absence of a clear legal framework governing the use of technology in conflicts, the need for a comprehensive review of international laws becomes more pressing.
The current situation necessitates the development of new standards aimed at ensuring the protection of civilians and compliance with international laws. Therefore, it requires coordinated efforts between states and the international community to address these challenges and ensure the effectiveness of laws in an era of advanced technology.
Keyword: - International humanitarian law, Legal responsibility, Conflict technology, Legislative framework, Contemporary standards