Ur Journal for Human Sciences

This study discusses the concept of arrogance and its negative effects on individuals and society, focusing on its definition, causes, and remedies, as well as distinguishing it from related terms such as pride and conceit, in light of Islamic texts and Quranic verses. The research can be summarized as follows:
Definition of Arrogance: Arrogance is the deliberate act of elevating oneself above others based on a false belief in an undeserved status. It differs from pride, which reflects an internal sense of self-superiority. True arrogance belongs to God alone, as His greatness and majesty are truthful and real

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Types of Arrogance: Intrinsic and Attributive: Intrinsic arrogance is an inner feeling of superiority, while attributive arrogance relates to possessing wealth or social status.
Justified and Unjustified: Justified arrogance applies to the poor who rely on God, while unjustified arrogance is the rich looking down upon the poor.
Effects of Arrogance: Arrogance leads to negative traits such as self-exaltation in gatherings, strutting in one\'s walk, and despising others. It harms individuals, as demonstrated in the story of Iblis, who lost his position due to his arrogance. It also produces destructive societal impacts through disdain for others and violation of their rights.
Remedies for Arrogance: Humility is the primary treatment for arrogance.
Cultivating good character and self-reflection whenever signs of arrogance appear.
Distinction Between Arrogance and Conceit: Arrogance may be either justified or unjustified, while conceit always involves seeking grandeur without merit.
God is described as \"The Arrogant\" (Al-Mutakabbir) because He alone possesses true greatness and majesty, but He is never described as \"The Conceited\" (Al-Mustakbir) because He does not seek what does not befit Him.

This research explores discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary field that integrates linguistic and sociological approaches to understand language as a medium of communication and cultural-social interaction. It highlights the role of discourse in shaping identities and social relations through an examination of linguistic theories such as structuralism, pragmatics, and contextual theories, alongside sociological perspectives like ideology (Althusser) and ethnography (Labov) communicative competence (Dell Hymes) as a blend of linguistic rules and social-cultural dimensions, illustrating the importance of contexts in shaping meanings. It demonstrates that discourse is not merely a reflection of reality but a tool for reshaping it, making the interdisciplinary approach essential to understanding language as a dynamic instrument that bridges linguistic systems and social dimensions.

Deterrence in the Holy Quran represents a reformative approach aimed at building righteous individuals and ensuring the uprightness of society. It seeks to promote moral values and a sense of responsibility, leading to the betterment of both individuals and communities.
Amid modern challenges, such as moral corruption and the spread of vices through social media, fostering a culture of deterrence and raising moral and religious awareness has become an urgent necessity to preserve the cohesion of Islamic societies and safeguard their values.
The Quran emphasizes adherence to ethics as a fundamental pillar for the progress of nations and a means to avoid their downfall, as seen in the decline of previous civilizations

This research seeks to reconstruct and restore the rituals of pouring and spilling among the Arabs, by studying their traces and extracting the material scattered throughout the various news and texts. To this end, the study was divided into two main phases: The first focused on the study of the narrative structures of the news, examining the modalities of construction and formation. The second phase deals with the effectiveness of correlation and integration in shaping news, redefining its contents, and directing its textual connotations in the context of the mythological tradition

Taking into account the importance of the writings of the orientalists in general and the German school in particular, and the adoption of their opinions by many writers, researchers and readers, and the seriousness and importance of the opinions of the German orientalist Wellhousen and his frank opinions about standing by the Umayyad rule and justifying its actions in the most important events, which is the battle of Al-Hurra and conferring a cast of legitimacy on the Umayyad rule. This study came to analyze that vision and showed whether it's true or not and the extent of its conformity with the historical narratives mentioned by the primary historical sources. The study also came to shed light on how Wellhousen derived his vision and whether he tried, in one way or another, to select information from primary Islamic sources and ignore some of it to enhance his ideas and point of view on the events of the Al-Hurra battle to support his position in support of Umayyad rule.

The research involves uncovering the position of linguistic criticism in the ancient and modern era on the use of colloquial words and dialects. The research addressed the positions of ancient and modern Arab critics through their opinions in their books and studied these opinions and the statement of what is in them.The study comes to the conclusion that linguistic criticism in looking at colloquial dialects is divided into two groups: A strict, normative team that does not accept these dialects and rejects them, and a tolerant, lenient team that accepts some of them and considers them a development

Between 1919 and 1933, the United States followed a policy of neutrality and isolationism in general towards European affairs, including the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany
The Post-World War I Period (1919-1920): After the end of World, the United States focused on restoring the national economy and isolating itself from European conflicts. There was little interest in the political rise of the Nazi Party, which was in its early stages of formation
The Interwar Period (1920-1930): During this period, the United States was led by presidents such as Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, who insisted on a policy of non-interference in European affairs. During this period, the Nazi Party led by Hitler began to expand within Germany, but it had no direct impact on American policy
The Rise of Nazism in Germany (1930-1933): By the beginning of the 1930s, the economic situation in Germany began to deteriorate due to the impact of the Great Depression, which helped the Nazi Party gain greater support.

The political relations between Iraq and Syria witnessed several stages due to external and internal variables that shaped their features, which were often tense and did not improve until after 2011 until the fall of the Syrian regime on December 8, 2024 due to external support, especially Turkish, and internal forces that were able to overthrow the regime and form an interim government that follows its own approach in its foreign relations. This research will address the geopolitical factors that determine Iraqi-Syrian relations by dividing it into four axes. The first deals with some of the natural characteristics of the two countries, the second section will focus on the course of Iraqi-Syrian relations until the fall of the Syrian regime, the third section is interested in studying the geopolitical components affecting Iraqi-Syrian relations after the fall of the Syrian regime, and the fourth section deals with a future vision for relations between them, then the conclusions and proposals

Investing in Islamic banks is the process of investing money in projects or economic activities that comply with the provisions of Islamic Sharia.
Its goals are to achieve halal profits, support the Islamic economy, and achieve economic and social development.
It is characterized by compatibility with Islamic law, safety and guarantee, efficiency and effectiveness.
However, we faced challenges, namely lack of awareness, lack of governing legislation, and competition from traditional banks.

The aim of the research was to identify:
Emotional clarity in middle school students.
Emotional clarity among middle school students according to the variables: gender (male - female) and specialization scientific – literary)
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following:
The researcher adopted the Gohm & Clore 2000 scale for emotional clarity, which consists of 20 items describing an individual's emotional feelings. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of 400 middle school students, 140 males and 260 females, for the academic year 2024-2025. The results were as follows: Middle school students in general have an average level of emotional clarity, and there are no differences in terms of gender and specialization.
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions

The industrial sector gains great importance as it is one of the highest sectors on which production in any country's economy depends in establishing and stabilizing progressive foundations. The industrial sector has the ability to create interconnections in various sectors. This research sheds light on the reality of the geographical distribution of industrial projects in Al-Muthanna Governorate. And showing the extent of dispersion and concentration of these industries at the governorate level. The results of the research showed that the concentration of industrial companies for the public and private sectors is located in the center of the governorate due to the availability of production requirements, industrial, commercial, economic and service activities and the high cultural level plays a role in the skilled workforce, in addition to the concentration of most government institutions. And administrative therein. The research also came up with recommendations, including providing the necessary financial support by the government to encourage and develop the public sector and coordination with the private sector to enhance industrial development in the governorate, the geographical distribution of industrial companies affiliated with the moderate public and private sectors, and the development of open strategies and policies for the Iraqi industrial sectors to advance the economic, service and infrastructure situation in The area

It is undeniable that writing the biography of prominent figures is a very difficult task and a difficult subject , especially when translating such an important figure as Bashir Gemayel who played an important role in the events that took place in Lebanon at that time. Lebanon went through many transformations and serious difficulties , and the contents of the study show that Bashir Gemayel was an ambitious person who worked in his own interest since the beginning of his political life.
Accordingly , the research was divided into four sections. The first section dealt with the personal and political biography of Bashir Gemayel (1947-1976). While the second section was devoted to studying the military activity of Bashir Gemayel (1976-1982). While the third section dealt with the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and Bashir Gemayel's role in it. The fourth section dealt with Bashir Gemayel's nomination for the presidency of the republic and the circumstances of his assassination. It concluded with many results.

The current research aims to identify altruistic behavior among students of the College of Education at Sumer University. The research sample consisted of (219) male and female students from the Department of Chemistry in the College of Education. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher adopted the scale of Abdul Rahman and Abdul Maqsoud (1998) as a tool for his research and applied it to the students of the department. Chemistry at the College of Education / Sumer University, and after confirming the implications of its validity and reliability, the researcher reached the following results:
1- The level of altruistic behavior among students at Sumer University, College of Education, is average on the self-esteem scale.
2- The level of altruistic behavior among males was higher than that of females, and this can be explained by the culture in which they still depend on males.
In light of the results, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including:
1- Holding lectures and awareness workshops specialized in this field
2- Encouraging students to participate in charitable committees and providing assistance, assistance and social solidarity to community members.
To complete the research procedures, the researcher suggested the following
1- Conduct a study similar to the research using samples of students at different educational levels
2- Conduct more studies on altruistic behavior and its relationship to many psychological and personal variables for different social groups.

The research revolves around a graphic miraculous phenomenon that characterized the Holy Quranic text, which is the phenomenon of semantic integration, which is a graphic means through which the blessed text displays its contents. We mean that all expressive levels, vocal, lexical, grammatical, and psychological, are all combined through two occasions, the first occurs between those levels, as we found that a semantic integration between these levels in the Holy Qur’an. On the other hand, there is another integration between it and the general position of the surah in which the noble verse is mentioned.
The research went on the descriptive analytical approach, which came as two topics. The first topic was held to talk about the command of the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife to live in paradise, and this came in the surahs of the cow and norms. The research took the work to show that integration between the parts of the Quranic expression by revealing the inherent significance in the expressive, vocal, lexical, grammatical, and psychological levels. Taking into account the contextual governance of the surah in which the verse is returned. The second topic was held to talk about sending Moses (peace be upon him) to Pharaoh and his fullness. He followed the same curriculum in explaining the relationship between expressive levels, as we found that it is an integral relationship through which the recipient can obtain the content or meaning in the best way.

Abbas Risan is a southern Iraqi poet from the city of Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar Governorate, born in 1972, a member of the Writers and Authors Union in Dhi Qar, possesses a poetic language and a special talent in poetic writing. He produced poetry collections that won the admiration of researchers and scholars, and among these collections (the subject of the research): ((Somazina of the Sky, Fleeing Banks, and Birds of Hunger)).
This research deals with these aforementioned collections through studying the poet's memory that contributed to shaping the image of the other, as it shows what the poet was exposed to of shocks that made that memory shocked or disabled as (Paul Ricoeur) calls it. Thanks to that memory, the image of the other was formed, which cannot be formed in isolation from the image of the self, as both of them cooperate in shaping the poetic image that embraces sadness and a feeling of depression.

There is no doubt that narrative writing is a sacred narrative ritual mechanism for many writers that is practiced as a daily, weekly, or monthly habit at most because the writer cannot escape from its authority, influence, and ritual, and from this standpoint was the reason for choosing this title. By rituals here, I mean writing practices within a specific time and place and in a special and pure psychological and mental state, in which the writer identifies with writing in an exceptional ritual. These rituals are organized within mechanisms determined by the writer as a road map for his narrative path to achieve the desired goal or goal in accordance with the idea, plot, and intent. I chose the cultural criticism approach for study, as it is the closest to it. Culture is considered a group of innate or collective ideological characteristics that form the individual’s identity within the group through color, dress, appearance, behavior and thought. Social or psychological status, belief and morals, linguistic dialects and body language, food and drink, literature and arts, and so on. It is a group of activities, events, rituals, behaviors, practices, and interests that distinguish one group, people, or nation from others. The study consisted of two sections. The first included a definition of the novel and the writer. The act of writing novels and its elements. The second section included an analysis of the mechanisms of novel writers by international novelists. They are followed by a conclusion, then the Sources and References newspaper.

The dust storms have been become one of the climate phenomena that has been widely happened in desert and semi-desert areas. This refers due to change in the climate properties such as temperatures, amount of the rain and humidity. Also, due to the resulting effects from the dust drought phenomenon, lack of water, soil degradation and disintegration and increase its salinity, improper agricultural practices, lack of natural vegetation, poor management of water resources, and aggravation the problem of the desertification. Accordingly, the repetition of the dust storms blowing in many regions has been increased. Hence, Thi-Qar governorate suffers from the repetition of the dust storms blowing during the year where its increases in the summer seasons and decreases in the winter seasons. Because the high effect of the dust storms on both the human and environment, the main goal of this paper is to study this phenomenon and the reasons for its occurrence, its repetition and its relation with the climate changes.

This study aimed to uncover the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance within the framework of educational institutions. It was implemented using a sample of male and female instructors in the College of Education at Thi-Qar University (scientific and humanities departments). The study was based on a fundamental hypothesis that the level of organizational performance in the educational institution is governed by the level of their job satisfaction. To achieve this aim, the researcher adopted a questionnaire form that is consistent with the study’s nature and objectives. The study reached several conclusions, including, that job satisfaction, along with its basic and sub-variables, represents a positive trend that is clearly reflected in the organization or educational institution being studied, there by determining the level of organizational performance. It also indicated that most instructors had a high sense of satisfaction regarding their performanc.

This study introduces dystopian literature through a critical reading of the novel Al-Kafira by the writer Ali Badr. The novel serves as a model of postmodern dystopian literature in the Arab world, reflecting a troubled reality dominated by religious extremism and social oppression, particularly the abuse of women. The protagonist suffers from dual oppression: religious and social. The author chose this striking title to capture the reader’s attention, portraying a female protagonist who faces constant threats, leading her to live in fear and loss of self. She migrates in search of freedom and escape from oppression but encounters new challenges related to integrating into a multicultural society, making her feel lost and devoid of identity. All these elements classify the novel as dystopian literature.

The study aims to reveal the role of computers in developing creative thinking skills In light of the results of the study, which showed the effectiveness of the use of computers in developing students\' creative thinking skills from the point of view of teachers, the student researcher recommends the need to conduct training programs for teachers to develop their digital competencies and employ them in the educational process, and to equip schools with the necessary digital devices and technologies that promote the use of computers in the educational process.

This research examines the critical terms developed by Dr. Jaber Asfour, a leading literary critic in the Arab world, and explores their impact on the evolution of Arabic literary criticism. The study begins by defining the concept of modernity in criticism, providing background on its influence on the development of literary analysis tools. It then reviews Jaber Asfour’s intellectual and critical journey, focusing on the unique characteristics and new concepts he introduced to literary criticism. The analysis includes how Asfour’s terms have affected new generations of critics and writers, and how these ideas and theories have been received. The research also addresses the debate regarding the suitability of these terms within the Arab cultural context and highlights the importance of ongoing critical engagement and development to align with cultural and social transformations. It points out how these terms have contributed to reshaping Arabic literary criticism and underscores the need to adapt them to global changes in literature and criticism, emphasizing the necessity for further interaction and development to keep up with modern changes in literary and critical thought at both the Arab and global levels.

This research talks about the impact of the criminal and spinning introduction in shaping the structure of praise among a poet of the second Abbasid era, except for the Arjani, the latter is distinguished by a great poetic and poems characterized by length and eloquence of the image, in addition to being a great jurist, who assumed the councils of jurisprudence and the judiciary In his time, he moved in the poetic presenter according to poetic paths Adherence to the ancient tradition and renewed in together, renewal is the feature of civilization and the modernity of the prosperity witnessed by the Abbasid era.

The current research aims to identify:
1. Administrative integrity among middle school principals from the viewpoint of faculty members in general.
2. Are there statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) in the administrative integrity of middle school principals from the point of view of faculty members according to the following variables:
A. Gender (male-female).
B.Specialization (scientific - humanities)
T. Years of service (5 years or less, more than 5 years).
The current research was limited to a sample of middle school teachers in Dhi Qar Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), as the research samples consisted of (880) teachers and schools in middle schools in Dhi Qar Governorate, where they constitute (10.97%) of the original community. The sample was chosen using a stratified random sampling method, where this sample was divided into statistical analysis samples, where the number was (400) teachers and schools, and exploratory samples. It was represented by (30) teachers and schools
The reliability sample size was (50) teachers and schools, while the application sample was represented by (400) teachers and schools from middle schools in Dhi Qar Governorate.
Regarding the research tool, the researcher prepared a tool for administrative integrity among middle school principals from the point of view of faculty members, which in its final form consisted of (40) items. The tool’s items had five alternatives: (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never), and the psychometric properties of the research measures were confirmed by verifying the face validity, construct validity, and reliability by the two methods of test and retest and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
After applying the tool to the research sample, it was corrected, converted to digital form, and then processed statistically using appropriate statistical methods such as: t-test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples, and regression analysis, through the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results showed the following:
1. From the point of view of faculty members, middle school principals enjoy administrative integrity
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the administrative integrity variable according to the variables (gender, specialization)
3. There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the years of service variable for the administrative integrity variable, where the differences were in favor of the length of service (more than 5 years).
In light of the research results, the researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Psychological disorders are brain neurons, which are formed by the complex interaction process between genetic factors and life experiences that the individual goes through. Among these disorders is what can be called the disorder of the anxiety of the disease, which is a kind of anxiety about the individual's physical health, and the concept of the meaning of life is a dynamic concept that includes a group of self -psychological and social components as an umbrella under which all the positive mental health elements that the individual seeks to achieve satisfaction, happiness, psychological and physical reassurance. Therefore, the current research aims to know the degree of disturbance of disease anxiety and the meaning of life in the elderly residing with their families, as well as the correlation between the disorder of the disease anxiety and the meaning of life in the elderly.
The current research was limited to a sample of the elderly who reside with their families and from both sexes (male, female) during the second half of the year 2024, as the sample size (150) individuals, distributed by (75) males and (75) females. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the scale of the disease anxiety disorder, which was set by Abdul Sattar (2022), which consists of (22) paragraphs. The researcher also translated, localized and adapted the meaning of the meaning of life for (Steger et al) on the Iraqi environment, which consists of (10) paragraphs. The researcher extracted the statistical characteristics of the captains (the distinction and difficulty of the vertebrae, and honesty is the stability of the Maqsais) and after the data was analyzed using appropriate statistical means, the results of the analysis revealed that the elderly residing with their families suffer from disorder of disease anxiety and have a sense of life. The results also revealed the existence of an inverse correlation between the disturbance of disease anxiety and the meaning of life.

The research dealt with the geographical analysis of juvenile crimes in the city of Nasiriyah for the period from 2013-2023. The study aims to investigate the importance of studying the geographical analysis of juvenile crimes and to show the size of the phenomenon and the extent of its variation between residential neighborhoods. The study adopted the descriptive approach to describe the variables and the analytical approach to analyze the tables، figures and maps that would allow us to extract many results. The most important findings of the research are that the neighborhood (1852) ranked first among the residential neighborhoods in the city of Nasiriyah in terms of the number of delinquents and constituted a percentage of (29.47%)، as for the temporal variation in the numbers and percentages of juvenile crimes، the year (2023) came in first place with (845) recorded crimes، while the year (2014) recorded last place with (356) of the total number of juvenile crimes. As for the age groups that recorded the highest percentages of juvenile crimes، they are (15-under 18 years), and the reason can be attributed to physical strength and proximity to puberty. As for urbanization and crime، it was found that there is a direct relationship between crime and urbanization، as the urban center of the city of Nasiriyah recorded (5709) recorded crimes out of the total number of crimes، while the rural margin of the city of Nasiriyah recorded (576) recorded crimes out of the total.

This paper is a qualitative descriptive study of the types of affixes in the Happy Prince. It is a morphological study. It deals with what is meant by morpheme, types of morphemes (free and bound), and types of affixes (prefixes and suffixes: inflectional affixes and derivational suffixes). The data is The Happy Prince. Data analysis is clarified by analyzing the types of affixes (prefixes and suffixes) in The Happy Prince according to the model of Stageberg (1981) in his An Introductory English Grammar. The frequency of each type of affixes is shown in data analysis and then the total frequency of prefixes, inflectional affixes and derivational suffixes. The conclusions show the types of affixes which are used the most and the less in the Happy Prince. Then, the frequency of each type and the total frequency of prefixes, inflectional affixes and derivational suffixes

Colonial and postcolonial studies examine the dynamics between the colonizers and the colonized, along with the marginalization of some groups within colonized civilizations by the colonizers. The term "subaltern" originated in 1982 to characterize the condition of South Asian nations. This term pertains to Antonio Gramsci and denotes individuals subjugated by the elite. Ranajit Guha employed this term to depict an impoverished individual in Indian society who does not belong to the elite class. Ranajit observes that subalternity persists even after these nations have achieved independence from their colonizers. Spivak used this concept to address the oppression of women and their subaltern condition. This research aims to illustrate the form of subalternity imposed on female characters within Iraqi society ."Frankenstein in Baghdad" utilizes subaltern theory to elucidate the experiences of distinct women throughout different strata of patriarchal society, akin to the challenges women encountered during the 2003 American invasion of Iraq. This study's findings indicate that women encountered several types of marginalization and subalternity within patriarchal communities.

The technique of polyphonic narration or multiplicity of voices in the novel was created by the Russian critic "Mikhail Bakhtin" and then proposed by the advocates of postmodernism. Polyphonic narration breaks the rigidity in the narrative text and presents it naked as an imaginary work, dropping the realistic mask on which the classical novel was built. This technique is nothing but a practice of democratic expression that aims to break the dominance of the "ego" to eliminate the position of the single and dominant narrator.